高二英語寒假作業(yè)同步練習(xí)題過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)含解析-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)1．The supplies were ___(運(yùn)輸)to the local people immediately the earthquake happened. (根據(jù)漢語意思填空)【答案】transported【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：地震一發(fā)生，這些物資就被送到了當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣衲抢?。根?jù)漢語意思“運(yùn)輸”，可知應(yīng)填動詞transport，本句中主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且事情發(fā)生在過去，故為一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。上文已經(jīng)有了were，故填transported。2．Joe is proud and ___(固執(zhí)的), never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】stubborn【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：Joe驕傲而固執(zhí)，從不承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了，總是去責(zé)備別人。根據(jù)漢語意思“固執(zhí)的”以及上文Joe is proud and可知應(yīng)填形容詞stubborn，作表語。故填stubborn。3．He worked hard and ___(最終)got a good result in the exam. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】finally【詳解】考查副詞。句意：他努力學(xué)習(xí)，最終在考試中取得了好成績。分析句子可知，本句為and連接的兩個(gè)簡單句，finally意為“最終”，副詞詞性，在句中作狀語，表示最終在考試中取得了好成績，符合句意。故填finally。4．We have an excellent retirement plan and medical ___(保險(xiǎn)) as well. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】insurance【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們還有很好的退休計(jì)劃和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)漢語意思“保險(xiǎn)”，以及上文medical為形容詞修飾名詞，可知應(yīng)填名詞insurance。故填insurance。5．Not having ___(說服) my parents, I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest lay. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】persuaded【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：由于沒有說服我的父母，我沒能上我感興趣的戲劇學(xué)校。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為分詞作狀語，Not having done表示“與句中主語為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生”，persuade意為“說服”，動詞詞性，與句子主語I為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，即我發(fā)出說服父母的動作，且說服的動作先于謂語動詞failed發(fā)生，即沒有說服父母，所以沒能去戲劇學(xué)校，故空格處應(yīng)用persuade的過去分詞persuaded。故填persuaded。6．Just as Professor Scotti often puts it, success is ninety-nine percent mental ___(態(tài)度). （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】attitude【詳解】考查名詞。句意：正如斯科蒂教授常說的，成功是百分之九十九的精神態(tài)度。分析句子可知，mental意為“精神的”，形容詞詞性，后接名詞，attitude意為“態(tài)度”，名詞詞性，句中指精神態(tài)度，符合句意。故填attitude。7．Which one do you ___(較喜歡), the blue jacket or the red one? （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】prefer【詳解】考查動詞。句意：你更喜歡哪一個(gè)？是藍(lán)色的夾克還是紅色的？根據(jù)所給漢語意思，應(yīng)該是動詞prefer。故填prefer。8．In my ___(觀點(diǎn)), we should take the strictest measures to ensure the food safety. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】view【詳解】考查名詞。句意：在我看來，我們應(yīng)該采取最嚴(yán)格的措施來確保食品安全。固定搭配in one's view（在某人看來），用名詞view（看法）。故填view。9．One of the __(缺點(diǎn)) of our planning is the failure to balance the work and the study. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】shortcomings【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們計(jì)劃的缺點(diǎn)之一是不能平衡工作和學(xué)習(xí)。在定冠詞the后應(yīng)是名詞在句子中作主語；根據(jù)所給漢語意思，應(yīng)該是名詞shortcoming；“one of……意思為“……之一”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此shortcoming應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填shortcomings。20．It is difficult for the old to keep up with the rapid ___(步伐) of change. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】pace【詳解】考查名詞。句意：老年人很難跟上迅速變化的步伐。keep up with the pace of ...為固定短語，跟上……的步伐。故答案為pace.語法專題（過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)）過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)是過去完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的結(jié)合。表示過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)被完成的動作，常與by，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。由“had＋been＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。1．過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)有以下三種形式(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋ had been done ＋其他成分。(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。(3)疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：had ＋主語＋ been done ＋其他成分？疑問詞＋ had ＋主語＋ been done ＋其他成分？2．過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)常用于以下三種情況(1)表示過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作，常與by，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished.當(dāng)他到達(dá)學(xué)校時(shí)，第一節(jié)課已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.老師來之前，教室還沒有打掃過。(2)根據(jù)語意可以判斷出動作先后的被動語態(tài)，用過去完成時(shí)。As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet.任務(wù)完成后，他繼續(xù)上網(wǎng)搜索。He did what he had been told to.他做了別人叫他做的事。(3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞之后的賓語從句中，若表示過去某一被動動作時(shí)，用過去完成時(shí)。They said the production costs had been reduced.他們說生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)降低了。練習(xí)：11．An incredible tree-house restaurant_____________(completed) by the end of last month and a large crowd of people went there for meals. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】had been completed【詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：一個(gè)令人難以置信的樹屋餐館截止上月底完工了，很多人都去那里吃飯。根據(jù)by the end of last month可知，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)，complete與主語是邏輯被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。故填had been completed。12．That was the first time that she ____________(invite) to visit the Great Wall. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】had been invited【詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：那是她第一次被邀請去參觀長城。句型It/This/That was the first time that后引出的定語從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，表示“此事第一次發(fā)生”；從句主語she和動詞invite構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故此處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。故填had been invited。13．Many years after the book __________ (publish), some people realized that the Shangri-la of the novel was a perfect match for Zhongdian in Yunnan Province, China. （用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子）【答案】was published/had been published【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在這本書出版多年后，一些人意識到小說中的香格里拉與中國云南的中甸是一個(gè)完美的匹配。根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)可知，從句用一般過去時(shí)；從句動作publish發(fā)生在主句動作realize之前，所以也可以用過去完成時(shí)。句中主語book與publish之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填was published/had been published。14．The earthquake had been _______（predict） several months before.（用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】predicted【詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：這次地震幾個(gè)月前就有人預(yù)測過了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)several months before和had been可知，設(shè)空處需填過去分詞和had been構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，predict的過去分詞形式是predicted。故填predicted。15．My friend____(forbid) from going out before I arrived at his apartment. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】had been forbidden【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在我到達(dá)我朋友的公寓之前，他被禁止外出。分析句意，邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示被動關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)表示“被禁止”。根據(jù)過去完成時(shí)的基本用法：“過去的過去”可知，此處表示“被禁止”發(fā)生于arrived 之前。故此處符合過去完成時(shí)的用法。綜合分析，此處用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)符合題意。故填had been forbidden。16．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who__________(trap) in the mountains for two days.（用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子）【答案】had been trapped【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：一位救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)營救了兩名已經(jīng)在山中被困兩天的游客。根據(jù)句中主句的謂語動詞risked可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，而“被困”發(fā)生在risked之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。定語從句的先行詞是two tourists，與從句的謂語動詞trap之間是被動關(guān)系，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。故填had been trapped。17．So far, the moon__by man already. (visit) （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】has been visited【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，人類已經(jīng)探訪過月球了。時(shí)間狀語so far常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，且the moon和visit之間是被動關(guān)系，且主語the moon是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填has been visited。18．Thousands of films_________ (produce) all over the world in the last few years.（所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】have been produced【詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里全世界產(chǎn)生了數(shù)以千計(jì)的電影。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句中缺失謂語，所以空處需填動詞，作謂語，又因句中是在講述過去發(fā)生的事到目前為止有什么結(jié)果，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且與主語是被動語態(tài)，故填have been produced。19．-My friend whom you met yesterday_____________ (invite) to give a speech at the award ceremony.-So has my sister. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】has been invited【詳解】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：——你昨天遇到的那位朋友已被邀請?jiān)陬C獎典禮上講話?！颐妹靡惨粯?。根據(jù)答語So has my sister.可知，空處謂語動詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因?yàn)槭潜谎?，所以空處動詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：have/has been done，主語是My friend，單數(shù)，所以助動詞需用has。故填has been invited。20．When we got there after the accident, we were told that the injured ____________ (send) to the nearest hospital yet. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】had been sent【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：事故發(fā)生后，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)那里時(shí)，我們被告知傷者已被送往最近的醫(yī)院。由yet和前面的句子we were told that可以知道事情發(fā)生在過去的過去，所以時(shí)態(tài)是過去完成時(shí)，且主語the injured與send之間是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，且謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填had been sent。閱讀理解China’ Forbidden City----traditionally off-limit at night for anyone except emperors and visiting dignitaries (顯要人物）---- was decorated with lanterns as China celebrated the end of the Chinese New Year holiday. The complex, home to Chinese emperors for five centuries, was opened at night for the first time since it was reopened as the Palace Museum 94 years ago.The complex and palace walls were illuminated with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court, while the China National Traditional Orchestra and the Peking Opera performed. An image of a treasured scroll called A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains was cast onto the palace roof.Most of China’s 1.3 billion people, however, had to watch the show on television. Only 3,000 people were allowed in: 2,500 invited guests and 500 people who booked their tickets online. “The 3,000 visitors can show off for the whole year,” one person said on Weibo. When booking for the second day opened at midnight, the booking system crashed for more than an hour due to great demand. The free tickets were quickly taken when it reopened. A lively secondary market soon appeared. Scalpers were selling tickets for as much as 9,999 yuan on online trading sites.The Palace Museum is now on a campaign to attract more visitors, with its former curator Shan Jixiang saying he wants to make traditional Chinese culture more accessible to the general public. More than 80 percent of the palace is now accessible to visitors, up from 30 percent in 2012. Shan has set a target of 85 percent by 2020 to mark the palace’s 600th anniversary . Creativity today has made the Palace Museum younger and drawn traditional culture closer to the public.21．What does the underlined word “illuminate”probably mean in Paragraph 2?A．Cared for. B．Lit up.C．Picked out. D．Kept safe.22．How do most Chinese admire the night view of the Forbidden City ?A．By watching TV at home .B．By grabbing free tickets onlineC．By buying tickets from the secondary market.D．By receiving invitation from the Forbidden City.23．What will happen in 2020 according to Shan Jixiang?A．The campaign between museums will be better.B．Creativity will make the Palace Museum younger.C．Traditional Chinese culture will be recreated by foreigners.D．About 85 percent of the palace will be accessible to visitors.24．What can be a suitable title of the text ?A．A Brief Introduction of the Forbidden CityB．Difficulties in Getting Tickets to the Forbidden CityC．Performances During the Light Show in the Forbidden CityD．Forbidden City’s First Opening to General Public at Night【答案】21．B22．A23．D24．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了故宮于94年前重新開放以來，第一次在夜間向普通民眾開放。并且結(jié)合了美麗的燈飾和燈光表演，意向游客展示故宮的皇家感覺。遺憾的是，當(dāng)晚只有3000名幸運(yùn)游客可以親身游覽夜間美麗的故宮。21．詞義猜測題。由后面的with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court可知宮殿和宮墻被無數(shù)的紅燈籠和一場旨在于重現(xiàn)皇家感覺的燈光秀所照亮。Illuminated“點(diǎn)亮，照亮”與light up同義。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Most of China’s 1.3 billion people, however, had to watch the show on television. Only 3,000 people were allowed in一句可知除了3000名幸運(yùn)游客外，中國13億人口中的大部分將在電視上觀看。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段More than 80 percent of the palace is now accessible to visitors, up from 30 percent in 2012. Shan has set a target of 85 percent by 2020 to mark the palace’s 600th anniversary .一句可知到故宮600年周年紀(jì)念的時(shí)候，將會有85%的區(qū)域向游客開放。故選D。24．主旨大意題。通覽全文可知，文章介紹了故宮于94年前重新開放以來，第一次在夜間向普通民眾開放。故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】做詞義猜測題時(shí)要利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測詞義，千萬不能脫離開語境，尤其是要注意劃線詞前后的內(nèi)容。本題第1小題，由后面的with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court可知宮殿和宮墻被無數(shù)的紅燈籠和一場旨在于重現(xiàn)皇家感覺的燈光秀所照亮。Illuminated“點(diǎn)亮，照亮”與light up同義。故選B。寫作（改錯(cuò)）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10 處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處,多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。My father is the person constantly looks for mistakes in other people and thought no one is perfect in the world. His character was created a negative atmosphere in my family. I was the same like my father, so I often felt angry, disappointed, depressed, and alone in school. Fortunately, my favorite book changed this.Before I had read my favorite book I began to seek “good things” in other people. It has complete altered my life. Now I feel happy, I have more friends, I have more trust in people, and I realize everyone has their own strength! Another important lesson I got from this book is that I should always behave me in a positive manner. Let’s admit that we sometimes complain about our situation. That’s not good. “Believing it or not, people don’t like to listen to negative opinions.”【答案】1. person后加who/hat 2.thought→thinks 3. character后的was刪掉 4.the same 后的like→as 5.alone→lonely 6.Before→After 7. complete→completely 8.happy改為happier 9. behave后的me→myself 10. Believing→Believe 【分析】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了作者的父親是一個(gè)經(jīng)常在別人身上尋找錯(cuò)誤的人，他認(rèn)為世界上沒有人是完美的。這樣的性格對作者產(chǎn)生了消極的影響，但是作者最喜歡的一本書，改變了作者的消極的態(tài)度，使作者以積極的態(tài)度對待自己和其他人。【詳解】第一處：考查關(guān)系代詞。分析句子可知，the person為先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作主語，所以關(guān)系代詞為who或者that。故將person后加who或that。第二處：考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。分析句子可知，and并列連接兩個(gè)句子。由“My father is ”可知，本句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故將thought改為thinks。第三處：考查一般過去時(shí)的主動語態(tài)。分析句子可知，主語His character與謂語 created為主動。故將character后的was刪掉。第四處：考查固定短語。the same as “和…一樣”為固定短語。故將the same 后的like改為as。第五處：考查形容詞。alone為形容詞，意為“單獨(dú)的”，側(cè)重說明獨(dú)自一人，lonely意為“孤獨(dú)的”，表示主觀上感到孤獨(dú)、寂寞。由“angry, disappointed, depressed”可知，lonely意為“孤獨(dú)的”符合句意。故將alone改為lonely。第六處：考查從屬連詞。分析句子可知，在作者讀了作者最喜歡的書之后，作者開始在別人身上尋找“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”。所以本句為after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。故將Before改為After。第七處：考查副詞。此處是修飾動詞altered，副詞用來修飾動詞，complete是形容詞。故將complete改為completely。第八處：考查形容詞比較級。由“Now，more”可知，作者在對比現(xiàn)在與過去，作者現(xiàn)在比以前更快樂，所以應(yīng)用形容詞比較級。故將happy改為happier。第九處：考查代詞。主語與賓語表示同一個(gè)人時(shí)，賓語用反身代詞。behave oneself“使舉止規(guī)矩”為固定短語。故將behave后的me改為myself 。第十處：考查省略句。believe it or not 是口語里常用的句子，其實(shí)是個(gè)省略的句子完整的是(Whether you)believe it or not。故Believing改為Believe。【點(diǎn)睛】定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇可考慮以下三點(diǎn)：(1) 一看先行詞的意義，即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因(如指物時(shí)不能用who或whom，指人時(shí)通常不用which等。(2) 二看關(guān)系詞的句法功能，即分清關(guān)系詞是擔(dān)任什么句子成分，是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等(如作定語通常用whose，有時(shí)也用which；作狀語要用when, where, why。(3) 三看定語從句的種類，即分清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句(如that和why通常不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。詞。分析小題1的句子可知，the person為先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作主語，所以關(guān)系代詞為who或者that。故將person后加who或that。

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