
上面各句都含有一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的 定語 從句。其中下劃波浪線的部分是從句的 先行詞 ,黑斜體是 關(guān)系代詞 ,又被稱作從句的 引導(dǎo)詞 。這些詞又可分為指人的(包括: wh/whm/that/whse)和指物的(包括: that/which/whse)。
6. Whenever I met her, ______ was fairly ften, she greeted me with a sweet smile. ?。?009山東高考]A. wh B. which C. when D. that【解析】選B。考查定語從句。句意:無論我什么時(shí)候遇到她,她總是帶著甜美的微笑跟我打招呼。本句為非限制性定語從句。用來解釋說明整個(gè)句子,故用關(guān)系代詞which。
關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞:關(guān)系代詞:that, which, wh, whm, whse, as關(guān)系副詞:when, where, why, hw
主句型,從句型,兩種句子要完整;從句緊靠先行詞,關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)要分清;物用which人用wh, 人物that有本領(lǐng);從名少定用whse, 關(guān)代作賓??墒?;限制非限制兩種,逗號(hào)常是分水嶺。
1. 上海世博園開園第一周就迎來過百萬游客。The number f peple that cme t visit Shanghai Exp park in the first week reaches mre than ne millin. 分析:先行詞 peple 在從句中作主語 。
2. The magazine (that/which) I bught yesterday is lst. 分析:先行詞magazine 在從句中作賓語。譯成漢語:昨天我買的那本雜志丟了。
3. All ___can be dne has been dne. A. what B. that C. which D. whm【解析】選B??疾殛P(guān)系代詞的選擇。先行詞all 是不定代詞,且指物,關(guān)系代詞一般用that。
4. The mst imprtant thing ___ we shuld pay attentin t is the first thing ___ I have said. A. that; which B. which; thatC. which; which D. that; that【解析】選D。第一個(gè)先行詞thing 前有最高級(jí)mst; 第二個(gè)先行詞thing 前有序數(shù)詞first,所以都只能用that, 不用which。
5. Can yu remember the scientist and his thery___ we have learned? A. wh B. which C. that D. whm【解析】選C。句中先行詞為the scientist and his thery ,既指人又指物,關(guān)系代詞用that。
6. D yu still remember the chicken farm ___ we visited three mnths ag? ?。?011臨沂高一檢測(cè)]A. where B. when C. that D. what【解析】選C??疾殛P(guān)系代詞的選擇。由句意判斷“we visited three mnths ag”為定語從句,修飾the chicken farm, 使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞主要取決于先行詞指人還是指物且在從句中作什么成份,這里visited 后缺少賓語,故選C。
1. that與which的基本用法
2. that與which的特殊用法1)指物時(shí)只能用that不用which的幾種情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nthing, smething, all, nne 等代詞時(shí),或由every, any, all, little等修飾時(shí),(2)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾,(3)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí), (4)當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the nly 修飾時(shí),(5)當(dāng)先行詞既有人,也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)。
2)指物時(shí)只用which 不用that 的情況(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),(2)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)。
1. The persn is standing under the tree. He is my English teacher. (合并為一個(gè)句子)The persn wh is standing under the tree is my English teacher.
2. I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl ___ I met in the English speech cntest last year. [2010湖南高考]A. wh B. where C. when D. which【解析】選 A。句意:我已經(jīng)和我去年英語演講比賽時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)的幾個(gè)學(xué)生成為好朋友了。先行詞為students, 指人且與從句謂語動(dòng)詞met 構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用關(guān)系代詞whm。這里可用wh 代替whm, 故選A。
3. The ld man____ yesterday is a scientist. A. I spke B. I spke t C. whm I spke D. that I spke t him【解析】選B??疾閣hm引導(dǎo)的定語從句。與某人說話常用speak t sb. 的結(jié)構(gòu),且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),??墒÷裕籇項(xiàng)中him與the ld man重復(fù),該去掉,故選B。
4. Anyne wh breaks the law will be punished. 5. Wh is the man that is standing by the gate? 6. Thse wh learn nt nly frm bks but als thrugh practice will succeed. 7. Shanghai is n lnger the city that it used t be. 8. There’s a gentleman wh wants t see yu. 9. The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the mnitr wh is very mdest and wrks very hard.
(1)指人時(shí)只用that不用wh的情況①當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)。②當(dāng)先行詞是wh時(shí)。③當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)(可省略)。
(2)指人時(shí)只用wh不用that的情況①先行詞為ne, nes, anyne或thse指代人時(shí)。②there be開頭的句子中,句子的主語是先行詞,而且是人。③一個(gè)句子同時(shí)有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)是由that引導(dǎo)的,另一個(gè)用wh, 以免重復(fù)。④在非限制性定語從句中。
1. ①The classrm whse dr is brken will sn be repaired. ②D yu like the bk whse cver is yellw?
2. That’s the new machine___parts are t small t be seen. ?。?010山東高考]A. that B. which C. whse D. what【解析】選C。句意:那就是那臺(tái)零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機(jī)器。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析parts與machine是所屬關(guān)系,所以要用關(guān)系代詞中的whse “誰的”指代machine’s作parts的定語。
3. Lk ut! Dn’t get t clse t the huse___ rf is under repair. A. whse B. whichC. f which D. what【解析】選A。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,rf 與huse是所屬關(guān)系,即the huse’s rf, 所以用whse指代the huse’s作定語。
注意觀察whse引導(dǎo)的定語從句的特征,只要先行詞與空格后的名詞或代詞有修飾或所屬關(guān)系,就要考慮選用關(guān)系詞whse, 特別是先行詞指物時(shí),易被忽略。
單句改錯(cuò)1. The man which I met tday tld me t cme back. 【解析】which→whm/wh/that2. Sme f the girls I invited them did nt cme. 【解析】刪去them,因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語且被省略了。
4. Children eat much sugar ften get bad teeth. 【解析】在Children和eat中間加上關(guān)系詞wh。5. This is wh everyne respects. 【解析】wh引導(dǎo)的定語從句前無先行詞,故應(yīng)在wh前加上the persn/man等名詞。6. Thse wh has finished may leave the classrm nw. 【解析】has→have, 因?yàn)閣h指代的thse是復(fù)數(shù)。
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞的誤用。指人還是指物的,作主語、賓語還是定語判斷不清。2. 先行詞的遺漏。有些定語從句前往往會(huì)被遺漏先行詞,從而使句子不完整。
3. 關(guān)系代詞的遺漏。定語從句中不能省略的關(guān)系代詞容易被遺漏。4. 定語從句中主謂不一致。因判斷不清先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而導(dǎo)致從句中主謂使用不一致。
Ⅰ. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1. This is the very nvel abut which we’ve talked s much. 2. This is the way that/in which/不填 he did it. 3. Wh is the student that was late fr schl tday? 4. Wh that knws him wants t make friends with him. 5. He lives in the rm, whse windw faces t the suth. 6. Yesterday I helped an ld man wh lst his way.
Ⅱ. 將下列句子改為含有定語從句的復(fù)合句1. I have a friend. He likes listening t classical music. I have a friend wh likes listening t classical music. 2. Last week Mary was wearing the dress. I gave it t her. Last week Mary was wearing the dress that/which I gave t her. 3. The girl is frm America. Her father is a Chinese. The girl whse father is a Chinese is frm America.
4. Wh is the man? He is drawing a picture ver there. Wh is the man that is drawing a picture ver there? 5. My grandparents live in a huse. It is mre than 100 years ld. My grandparents live in a huse which is mre than 100 years ld.
Ⅲ. 單句改錯(cuò)1. Wh is the man whm yu said hell t just nw? 答案:whm → that 2. This is the knife with that the dctr did the peratin. 答案:that → which
3. It is ne f the best pictures which have been sld. 答案:which→ that 4. This is the nly bk that were brrwed frm the library. 答案:were → was 5. The man came yesterday is ur English teacher. 答案:man 后面加wh
Ⅳ. 單項(xiàng)填空1. I will remember thse days ____ we spent in the cuntryside tgether. A. what B. when C. whm D. which【解析】選 D。考查定語從句。句意:我將記住我們一起在鄉(xiāng)下度過的日子。從句中spent后缺少賓語,故選D。
2. I refuse t accept the blame fr smething ____ was smene else’s fault. A. wh B. that C. as D. what【解析】選B??疾槎ㄕZ從句。不定代詞smething作先行詞時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)。
3. The things and peple ___ my grandpa tld me when I was yung still remain fresh in my mind. A. whm B. that C. which D. wh【解析】選B??疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),只能選that,不選which, wh 或 whm。
4. I shall never frget thse days____I spent with the earthquake victims(受害者), ____ has a great effect n my life. [2011信陽高一檢測(cè)]A. that; which B. when; thatC. which; that D. when; wh
【解析】選A??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我與地震受害者一起度過的那些日子,這對(duì)我的生活產(chǎn)生了重大影響。第一個(gè)定語從句中缺少賓語,故選which或that; 第二個(gè)定語從句中缺少主語,而且又是非限制性定語從句,只能用which,故選A。
5. In China, the number f cities is increasing ____ develpment is recgnized acrss the wrld. A. where B. which C. whse D. that【解析】選C??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:在中國,其發(fā)展得到全世界認(rèn)可的城市的數(shù)量在增加。develpment與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系,所以選whse。
6.Which is the bike ____ yu lst? A.that B.which C.wh D.whse【解析】選 A??疾殛P(guān)系詞的選擇。句意:你丟的自行車是哪一輛?先行詞是the bike且在從句中作賓語,當(dāng)先行詞前面有which時(shí),關(guān)系詞常用that。
7. There is a by _____dwnstairs. [2011臨沂高一檢測(cè)]A. wh wants t see yuB. whm wants t see yuC. which wants t see yuD. he wants t see yu【解析】選 A??疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞為人且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語,故用wh作引導(dǎo)詞,故選A。
8. He is the nly ne f the students wh ____ a winner f schlarship fr three years. A. is B. areC. have been D. has been【解析】選D。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由先行詞決定。本題中,先行詞是“the nly ne”, 為單數(shù),故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,而且“fr three years”又常與完成時(shí)連用,故選D。A、B 兩項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì),C項(xiàng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【規(guī)律方法】定語從句中的主謂一致知多少在定語從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞wh, that, which 等作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中的人稱和數(shù)相一致,但是在“ne f + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式有下列兩種情況:① 根據(jù)先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞而定,采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:His brther is ne f the students wh are ready t help thers. 他的哥哥是那些樂于助人的學(xué)生中的一個(gè)。
② 當(dāng)ne 之前有 the nly (或the very) 等限定詞和修飾語時(shí),定語從句應(yīng)根據(jù)ne 而定,采取單數(shù)形式。例如: She is the nly ne f the girls wh cmes frm the cuntryside. 她是惟一的一個(gè)來自鄉(xiāng)下的女孩。
9. Thse ___ want t see the film put dwn yur names please. A. that B. which C. wh D. whse【解析】選C??疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞是thse, nes, anyne, peple 等指人時(shí),用wh 引導(dǎo)。
10. Tm is gd at math, s I think he is the student___ can help yu t wrk ut this prblem. A. whm B. which C. what D. wh【解析】選D。先行詞為the student,且定語從句中缺主語,因此應(yīng)用wh 引導(dǎo)定語從句。
11. We visited a factry____ makes tys fr children. A. where B. whichC. in which D. wh【解析】選B。考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。先行詞為factry, 而且定語從句中又缺主語,故排除C項(xiàng);A項(xiàng)是關(guān)系副詞,只能作狀語;wh 指人。故選B。
12. I’ll shw yu a stre ___ yu may buy all__ yu need. A. where; which B. in which; thatC. which; that D. that; that【解析】選B??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:我要告訴你一個(gè)商店,在那里你可以買到所有你需要的東西。結(jié)合語境,先行詞為stre,從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,故第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用in which或where;第二個(gè)空先行詞為all,故定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。正確答案為B。
13. D yu remember the place ______ we visited last year?A. that B. whereC. when D. in which【解析】選A??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:你記得我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那個(gè)地方嗎?先行詞the place 在定語從句中作visit 的賓語,故用關(guān)系代詞that 或which,故選A。注意:此題易誤選B項(xiàng)。
14. I dn’t believe them at first but in fact everything ___was true. A. that they said B. what they saidC. which they said D. that said【解析】選A??疾槎ㄕZ從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,everything后為定語從句,what 不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,故排除B項(xiàng);D項(xiàng)中成分不全;不定代詞作先行詞時(shí),用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句。注意:不要將此題誤選為B項(xiàng)。
這是一份人教版 (新課標(biāo))必修1&2必修1Unit 2 English around the world教學(xué)演示ppt課件,共31頁。
這是一份人教版 (新課標(biāo))必修1&2Unit 4 Earthquakes課堂教學(xué)ppt課件,共60頁。
這是一份人教版 (新課標(biāo))必修1&2必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes課文內(nèi)容課件ppt,共60頁。
微信掃碼,快速注冊(cè)
注冊(cè)成功