?寶山區(qū)2020 學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末
高三年級(jí)英語學(xué)科教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)試卷
(本試卷滿分 140 分，考試時(shí)間 120 分鐘)
I. Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Bargaining with a salesgirl. B. Shopping with his girl.
C. Promoting a new product. D. Choosing a novel for his child.
2. A. Its facilities. B. Its location. C. Its comfort. D. Its price.
3. A. Fashionable pants in bright colors. B. Something to match her brown pants.
C. Grey pants made from pure cotton. D. 100% cotton pants in dark blue.
4. A. Listening to some loud music. B. Practicing for a speech contest.
C. Preparing for an oral examination. D. Talking loudly on the telephone.
5. A. The man needn’t go hopping every week.
B. She can pick the man up at the grocery store.
C. She will drive the man to the supermarket.
D. The man should buy a car of his own.
6. A. The teacher is just following the regulations.
B. The woman should have gone on the field trip.
C. He has gone through a similar experience.
D. He understands the woman’s feelings.
7. A. Have someone repair the refrigerator. B. Switch off the refrigerator for a while.
C. Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D. Buy a refrigerator of better quality.
8. A. She stayed away from work for a few days.
B. She is black and blue all over.
C. She got hurt in an accident yesterday.
D. She has to go to see a doctor.
9. A. Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.
B. The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.
C. The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.
D. Her brother can find an apartment for the man.
10. A. She is currently caught in a traffic jam. B. She wants to take the most direct way.
C. She may be late for the football game. D. She is worried about missing her flight.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The mukbanger was a little funny. B. It was a true crime story.
C. The girl in the story couldn’t age. D. The author was curious about it.
12. A. Eating with lots of people is common. B. There is something social and comforting.
C. It’s a way to have someone to chat with. D. Connecting with others when they’re out.
13. A. The way people eat food isn’t healthy generally.
B. The audience’s stomachs can’t agree with the food.
C. Mukbang can’t help settle serious eating problems.
D. People could be encouraged to eat alone at home.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. You helped others cut hair. B. You had your hair cut.
C. Someone else did the cutting. D. You cut your hair yourself.
15. A. Put off the light. B. Close the light.
C. Turn off the light. D. Go off the light.
16. A. Learning English can be tricky. B. Phrases are confusing for English learners.
C. The meaning of “have my hair cut”. D. The meaning of “turn off the lights”.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. What the man plans to give Judy. B. How hard to buy birthday gifts.
C When to choose the birthday gifts. D. Where to buy birthday gifts.
18. A. Say “I care for you” to Judy. B. Just give her $100.
C. Give her a gift card. D. Try to buy a real gift Judy likes.
19. A. $100. B.A real gift. C. A gift card. D. Perfume.
20. A. The woman is a shop assistant. B. Judy is the man’s girlfriend.
C. The man will give Judy $100. D. The two speakers agree with each other.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
SOS message on the sand saves missing sailors
Micronesia is an area of the western Pacific Ocean with more than 600 islands, ____1____ covers a huge area of ocean north of the large island of New Guinea.
Recently, three Micronesian sailors set out to sail 42 km from one Micronesian island to another. Unfortunately, they got ____2____ (lose), and then they ran out of fuel. After a long time drifting without power in the ocean, they landed on the tiny island of Pikelot, more than 100 km from their destination.
Pikelot is just 450 meters long and 280 meters wide. The highest point on Pikelot is only four meters above the sea. No people live there, and there is no water. The little island ____3____ (cover) in trees and has sandy beaches.
Three days after the three sailors set out on their voyage, they did not arrive at their destination, so ships and aircraft in the area began looking for the ____4____ (miss) men. But it was almost impossible to decide where ____5____ (look) because there are so many small islands and the ocean is so large. One of the ships was the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra, which ____6____ (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.
During this time, the three sailors decided to write ____7____ message on the beach on their tiny island. They wrote a huge SOS in the sand. SOS is an international signal that people use ____8____ they need help. Luckily, people on an American aircraft saw the SOS message in the sand and contacted the Canberra. A helicopter ____9____ the ship landed on the beach and gave the men food and water. Soon after, a Micronesian boat arrived and rescued the three sailors. They are very lucky to be alive, and it was the SOS message in the sand _____10_____ saved them.
【答案】1. which
2. lost 3. is covered
4. missing 5. to look
6. was sailing
7. a 8. when
9. from 10. that
【解析】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了沙灘上的求救信息拯救了失蹤船員。
【1題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：密克羅尼西亞是西太平洋的一個(gè)地區(qū)，擁有600多個(gè)島嶼，覆蓋了新幾內(nèi)亞島以北的大片海域。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞area指物，在定語從句中作主語，需用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填which。
【2題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：不幸的是，他們迷路了，然后燃料耗盡了。get為系動(dòng)詞，后面需加過去分詞lost作表語，表示失去的狀態(tài)，get lost迷路。故填lost。
【3題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：小島被樹木覆蓋，有沙灘。此處陳述客觀事實(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語The little island和cover為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為單數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填is covered。
【4題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：三名船員起航三天后，他們還沒有到達(dá)目的地，因此該地區(qū)的船只和飛機(jī)開始尋找失蹤人員?？仗幮杼钚稳菰~作定語，修飾名詞men，missing意為“失蹤的”。故填missing。
【5題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：但是要決定去哪里找?guī)缀跏遣豢赡艿?，因?yàn)槟抢镉心敲炊嘈u，海洋又那么大?！耙蓡栐~+to do”為固定用法，空處需填動(dòng)詞不定式。故填to look。
【6題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：其中一艘是澳大利亞海軍“堪培拉號(hào)”(HMAS Canberra)，這艘船當(dāng)時(shí)正從澳大利亞駛往夏威夷，船上有一架直升機(jī)。此處表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，需用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，which 　　　　6　　　　 (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞，在從句中作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。故填was sailing。
【7題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：在這段時(shí)間里，這三個(gè)水手決定在他們小島上的海灘上寫一條消息。message意為“信息”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，且message發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，需用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a。
【8題詳解】
考查狀語從句。句意：SOS是人們?cè)谛枰獛椭鷷r(shí)使用的一種國(guó)際信號(hào)。結(jié)合語境“當(dāng)他們需要幫助的時(shí)候”可知，此處需用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。故填when。
【9題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：船上的一架直升機(jī)降落在海灘上，給他們提供了食物和水。結(jié)合語境“來自船上的一架直升機(jī)”，可知，空處需填介詞“來自”，from意為“來自”。故填from。
【10題詳解】
考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：他們很幸運(yùn)能活下來，正是沙灘上的求救信息救了他們?！癐t was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+句子其他成分”為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型，如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，可以用who代替that，此處對(duì)句子的主語“the SOS message in the sand”進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，空處需填that。故填that。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. qualities
B. benefits
C. network
D. completely
E. disappointed

F. improving
G. motivate
H. required
I. effectively
J. essential
K. surveyed
Don't abandon the written Word
Way back in 2012, Kyle Wiens. CEO of IFIX wrote in a blog post for Harvard Business Review that he wouldn't hire anyone who used poor grammar. In fact, he ____11____ all applicants to take a grammar test before moving forward.
According to Wiens, he’s found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something ____12____ unrelated to writing ― like stocking shelves or labeling parts. What's more, he believes that grammar skills indicate several other valuable ____13____, including learning ability, professional credibility (信用) and attention to detail. Another CEO named Brad Hoover noted that good grammar is a predictor of professional success.
Honestly ask yourself whether you'd hire someone with a poorly written resume. Will this person be able to deliver on your business plan? How ____14____ will they be able to communicate your goals and expectations? How likely is it that they will be able to successfully ____15____ with others and build your brand? In short, if you want to succeed ― as a boss or an employee ― good grammar is ____16____.
“Great leaders can understand how to use it well in context,” wrote Kevin Daum in an Inc.com article. As a leader, you must be able to manage, organize, ____17____ and support your team. Strong communication skill both written and verbal, allow you to accomplish that. If you sent an employee poorly written instructions, how probable is it that you'll both be ____18____ in the outcome and each other?
Writing, specifically by hand has numerous ____19____ for your health and well-being. Researchers have also found that handwriting, in particular the forming of letters, is the key to not only _____20_____ your memory but also forming new ideas and learning. In fact, if you want to slow down mental aging, writing by hand is your best bet because it forces you to use more of your motor skills.
【答案】11. H 12. D
13. A 14. I
15. C 16. J
17. G 18. E
19. B 20. F
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章講述了手寫文章的好處，以此作者鼓勵(lì)我們多用手寫文章。
【11題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：事實(shí)上，他要求所有的申請(qǐng)者在前進(jìn)之前都要參加語法測(cè)試。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用動(dòng)詞作謂語，根據(jù)上文的Way back in 2012可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，根據(jù)空后all applicants to和選項(xiàng)可知，動(dòng)詞required“要求”，符合題意，required sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，固定搭配。故選H。
【12題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：根據(jù)Wiens的說法，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那些在語法測(cè)試中犯較少錯(cuò)誤的人，在做一些與寫作完全無關(guān)的事情時(shí)，比如擺放貨架或給零件貼標(biāo)簽，犯的錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)更少?？仗幮栌酶痹~作狀語修飾形容詞unrelated，根據(jù)空后 like stocking shelves or labeling parts.和句意可知，副詞completely“完全地”，符合題意，指完全無關(guān)的事情。故填D。
【13題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：此外，他認(rèn)為語法技能還反映出其他一些有價(jià)值的品質(zhì)，包括學(xué)習(xí)能力、職業(yè)可信度和對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞作indicate的賓語，根據(jù)空后“including learning ability, professional credibility (信用) and attention to detail.”可知，這是一些品質(zhì)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，名詞qualities“品質(zhì)”，符合題意。故選A。
【14題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：他們能否有效地傳達(dá)你的目標(biāo)和期望?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞communicate，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，副詞 effectively“有效地”，符合題意。故選I。
【15題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們能夠成功地與他人建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)并建立你的品牌的可能性有多大? be able to do sth.能夠做某事，固定搭配，所以空處需用動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng)可知，動(dòng)詞network“建立工作關(guān)系”，符合題意。故選C。
【16題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：簡(jiǎn)而言之，如果你想成功——無論是當(dāng)老板還是雇員——良好的語法是必不可少的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用形容詞作表語，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，形容詞essential“至關(guān)重要的”，符合題意。故選J。
【17題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞。句意：作為一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，你必須有能力管理、組織、激勵(lì)和支持你團(tuán)隊(duì)。根據(jù)空前manage, organize和空后and support 可知，空處需用動(dòng)詞與之并列，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，動(dòng)詞motivate“激勵(lì)”，符合題意； be able to后需接動(dòng)詞原形。故選G。
【18題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：如果你給員工的指令寫得很差，你們對(duì)結(jié)果和對(duì)對(duì)方失望的可能性有多大?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用形容詞作表語，根據(jù)前半句“If you sent an employee poorly written instructions”和選項(xiàng)可知，形容詞disappointed“失望的”，符合題意。故選E。
【19題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：寫作，特別是手寫對(duì)你的健康和幸福有很多好處。形容詞numerous“很多的”后需接復(fù)數(shù)名詞名詞，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，名詞benefits“好處”，符合題意。故選B。
【20題詳解】
考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，書寫，尤其是字母的形成，不僅是提高記憶力的關(guān)鍵，也是形成新想法和學(xué)習(xí)能力的關(guān)鍵。The key to doing sth.做某事的關(guān)鍵，此處to是介詞，結(jié)合下文的“but also forming”可知，其后需接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)可知，動(dòng)名詞improving“改善，提高”，符合題意。故選F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A study from Switzerland’s Université de Genève(UNIGE) looked to answer the question of which came first: a decrease in physical activity or cognitive (認(rèn)知的) decline?
“Interrelationships have been ____21____ between these two factors, particularly in terms of memory but also regarding the growth and survival of new neurons (神經(jīng)元).” said Boris Cheval, a researcher at UNIGE’S Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences (CISA) in a press release. “But we have never yet ____22____ tested which comes first: Does physical activity prevent a decline in cognitive skills or ____23____ ? That’s what we wanted to ____24____ .”
Earlier studies have considered that physical activity ____25____ cognitive decline. But according to Cheval, recent studies may ____26____ that past research has “only told half the story… since those recent studies demonstrate that our brain is ____27____ when it comes to engaging in physical activity.”
Researchers at UNIGE tested the two possible ____28____ by using data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, a socioeconomic database covering more than 25 countries across the continent.
Over the course of 12 years, 105, 206 adults ___29___ in age from 50 to go were tested every two years on their cognitive abilities and their physical activity.
Researchers ____30____ cognitive abilities with a verbal fluency test that saw participants name as many animals as they could in 60 seconds. They also tested cognitive abilities with a ____31____ test where they memorized 10 words before reciting them. Physical activity was measured using a scale from 1 to 4. A 1 indicated participants “never” ____32____ physical activity while a 4 meant they were physically ____33____ “more than once a week”.
The study found that the ____34____ of what past studies concluded was true ― cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity, not the other way around.
“This study backs up our theory that the brain has to make a real effort to get out of a sitting lifestyle and that by ___35___ cognitive capabilities, physical activity will follow,” Cheval said.
21. A. neglected B. prevented C. confused D. established
22. A. formally B. separately C. individually D. casually
23. A. at times B. vice versa C. by chance D. in part
24. A. release B. admit C. confirm D. oppose
25. A. prevents B. encourages C. influences D. reduces
26. A. mislead B. contradict C. ignore D. indicate
27. A. abandoned B. involved C. entertained D. processed
28. A. factors B. elements C. options D. subjects
29. A. ranging B. judging C. expanding D. varying
30. A. balanced B. restricted C. surveyed D. measured
31. A. observation B. reflection C. memory D. imitation
32. A. concerned about B. engaged in C. stood for D. gave up
33. A. motionless B. casual C. active D. passive
34. A. consequence B. similarity C. difference D. opposite
35. A. working on B. reflecting over C. crossing out D. putting off
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了早期的研究認(rèn)為，體育活動(dòng)可以防止認(rèn)知能力下降，而最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)知能力也會(huì)影響人們進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)的情況。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及這項(xiàng)研究的意義。
【21題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這兩個(gè)因素之間已經(jīng)建立了相互關(guān)系，特別是在記憶方面，但也是關(guān)于新神經(jīng)元的生長(zhǎng)和存活。A. neglected忽視；B. prevented阻止；C. confused困惑；D. established建立。根據(jù)前后文語境“Interrelationships have been … between these two factors”可知此處指建立這兩個(gè)因素之間的相互關(guān)系，應(yīng)用establish。故選D。
【22題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們從未正式測(cè)試過先有哪種情況：體育活動(dòng)能防止認(rèn)知能力的下降，還是反之？A. formally正式地；B. separately分別地；C. individually個(gè)別地；D. casually隨便地。結(jié)合后文“tested which comes first”以及“That’s what we wanted to”可知，研究人員還從未正式測(cè)試過先有哪種情況，所以這是他們想要確認(rèn)的。故選A。
【23題詳解】
考查固定短語辨析。句意：但我們從未正式測(cè)試過先有哪種情況：體育活動(dòng)能防止認(rèn)知能力的下降，還是反之？A. at times偶爾；B. vice versa反之亦然；C. by chance偶然；D. in part部分地。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity, not the other way around.”可知此處是問題是：體力活動(dòng)能防止認(rèn)知能力的下降，還是是與之相反的。故選B。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是我們想要確認(rèn)的。A. release釋放；B. admit承認(rèn)；C. confirm確認(rèn)；D. oppose反對(duì)。結(jié)合上文中“But we have never yet … tested which comes first”可知，因?yàn)閺奈礈y(cè)試過，所以如今測(cè)試就是為了確認(rèn)哪種情況先發(fā)生。故選C。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：早期的研究認(rèn)為，體育活動(dòng)可以防止認(rèn)知能力下降。A. prevents阻止；B. encourages鼓勵(lì)；C. influences影響；D. reduces減少。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“The study found that the … of what past studies concluded was true ― cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity”可推知，早期研究認(rèn)為體育活動(dòng)可以防止認(rèn)知能力下降，而最新的研究表明情況正好相反。故選A。
【26題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但根據(jù)Cheval的說法，最近的研究可能表明過去的研究“只說明了一半……因?yàn)槟切┳罱难芯勘砻?，?dāng)涉及到體育活動(dòng)時(shí)，我們的大腦也參與了?！盇. mislead誤導(dǎo)；B. contradict反駁；C. ignore忽視；D. indicate表明。結(jié)合后文“since those recent studies demonstrate”以及“past research has “only told half the story…since those recent studies demonstrate that our brain is … when it comes to engaging in physical activity.”可知最近的研究表明過去的研究并不全面，故選D。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但根據(jù)Cheval的說法，最近的研究可能表明過去的研究“只說明了一半……因?yàn)槟切┳罱难芯勘砻?，?dāng)涉及到體育活動(dòng)時(shí)，我們的大腦也參與了?！盇. abandoned拋棄；B. involved參與；C. entertained娛樂；D. processed加工。根據(jù)到數(shù)第二段中“cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity”可知大腦也參與了體育活動(dòng)。故選B。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：UNIGE的研究人員利用歐洲健康、老齡化和退休調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)試了這兩種可能的選擇，該調(diào)查是一個(gè)覆蓋整個(gè)歐洲大陸25個(gè)以上國(guó)家的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。A. factors因素；B. elements基礎(chǔ)；C. options選擇；D. subjects科目。結(jié)合上文“the two possible”可知此處指上文提到的，是體育活動(dòng)先減少還是認(rèn)知能力先降低這兩種選擇進(jìn)行測(cè)試，故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在12年的時(shí)間里，每?jī)赡陮?duì)105206名年齡在50歲到50歲以上的成年人進(jìn)行認(rèn)知能力和體育活動(dòng)測(cè)試。A. ranging（在一定的范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)；B. judging判斷；C. expanding擴(kuò)大；D. varying變化。根據(jù)后文“in age from 50 to go”可知指“在一定的范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)”應(yīng)用range。故選A。
【30題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員通過一項(xiàng)語言流暢測(cè)試測(cè)試了參與者的認(rèn)知能力，讓他們?cè)?0秒內(nèi)說出盡可能多的動(dòng)物的名字。A. balanced平衡；B. restricted限制；C. surveyed調(diào)查；D. measured測(cè)試，測(cè)量。根據(jù)后文“cognitive abilities with a verbal fluency test”可知此處指研究人員通過一項(xiàng)語言流暢測(cè)試測(cè)試了參與者的認(rèn)知能力。后文“Physical activity was measured”也是提示。故選D。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們還通過記憶測(cè)試測(cè)試了他們認(rèn)知能力，在背誦之前他們記住了10個(gè)單詞。A. observation觀察；B. reflection反射；C. memory記憶；D. imitation模仿。根據(jù)后文“where they memorized 10 words before reciting them”可知是進(jìn)行記憶測(cè)試。故選C。
【32題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：1表示參與者“從未”參加體育活動(dòng)，4表示他們的體育活動(dòng)“一周超過一次”。A. concerned about關(guān)心；B. engaged in參與，從事于；C. stood for代表；D. gave up放棄。結(jié)合后文“physical activity”可知指參與體育活動(dòng)，故選B。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：1表示參與者“從未”參加過體育活動(dòng)，4表示他們的體育活動(dòng)“一周超過一次”。A. motionless靜止的；B. casual隨便的；C. active積極的；D. passive消極的。根據(jù)后文“more than once a week”可知數(shù)字4代表著參與者一周積極參與體育活動(dòng)超過一次。故選C。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與過去的研究結(jié)論相反，認(rèn)知能力主要影響體育活動(dòng)，而不是相反。A. consequence結(jié)果；B. similarity相似性；C. difference差異；D. opposite對(duì)立面。第三段中“Earlier studies have considered that physical activity … cognitive decline.”說明了早期的研究認(rèn)為，體育活動(dòng)可以防止認(rèn)知能力下降，而如今的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與過去的研究相反——認(rèn)知能力主要影響體育活動(dòng)。故選D。
【35題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：Cheval說：“這項(xiàng)研究支持了我們的理論，即大腦必須通過努力才能擺脫久坐的生活方式，通過提高認(rèn)知能力，體育活動(dòng)也會(huì)隨之增多?！盇. working on作用于，致力于；B. reflecting over反思；C. crossing out刪去；D. putting off推遲。根據(jù)后文“cognitive capabilities, physical activity will follow”可知提高認(rèn)知能力，體育活動(dòng)也會(huì)隨之增多。故選A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“Runners, to your mark, Get set…” Bang! And I was off, along with a bunch of other teenage cross-country runners from high schools across the county. The day was like any other fair-weather autumn day in Maryland. But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I liked the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices. It took runners along an area of land that included open fields, hills and even winding dirt paths through a small forest. It was a beautiful 5-kilometer course. This particular race was our team’s invite, and I was proud to be sharing the course with competitors from other schools. It also meant a lot―more than normal that my parents were there to cheer me on.
With so much to expect that day, I was ready to run! And I didn’t want to be stuck with the pack of other runners, as is typical at the beginning of most cross-country races. So when the gun sounded, I took off running, leaving everyone else in the dust.
The first part of our course followed the outside edge of a large open field before disappearing into the forest. Within seconds of the start, I was far ahead of everyone, and all of the fans could see it. It felt magnificent.
But that feeling didn’t last long. Little did I know my coach was laughing to himself, thinking, “Gabe is done for!” And I was. My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said “No! Not until you’re out of sight of the spectators!” I was in agony, but I kept up my pace until I reached the forest. Once in among the trees. I slowed way down.
I enjoyed most races, even while pushing myself, but this one was not enjoyable in the least. I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning. Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something: Pride is no substitute for pace.
36. What is special to the author about the race?
A. The weather condition was good for runners.
B. He was familiar with the home course.
C. He took pride in competitors from other schools.
D. His parents came to support him as usual.
37. The underlined word “agony” (paragraph 4) most probably means .
A. suffering B. comfort C. relief D. contest
38. What result of the race can be concluded about the author from the passage?
A. He left everyone behind and took the first place.
B. He took the lead first and disappeared among trees.
C. He won the race under the pressure of his coach.
D. He finished the race but failed to reach his record.
39. What’s the author’s reflection on the race?
A. It is parents’ encouragement that leads to the result.
B. It’s a pleasure to live up to your fans’ expectations.
C. It’s important to pace yourself with no pride.
D. It is his coach who encourages him to finish the race.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。作者在參加一次跑步比賽時(shí)，由于想把對(duì)手們甩在后面，因此打亂了自己的比賽節(jié)奏，最終的比賽結(jié)果不盡人意。通過反思這次經(jīng)歷，作者悟出了一個(gè)道理：驕傲不能代替節(jié)奏。
【36題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I liked the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices.”（但那天的比賽從一開始就感覺與眾不同。一方面，我喜歡這門課。這是我的球隊(duì)的主場(chǎng)，我習(xí)慣于在訓(xùn)練中跑步。）可知，作者對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)球場(chǎng)很熟悉。故選B。
【37題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said “No! Not until you’re out of sight of the spectators!””（我的身體告訴我要慢下來。然而，我的自尊心卻說:“不！直到你離開觀眾的視線?。┛芍?，作者想要放慢速度，但是自尊心告訴自己不能慢下來，由此可推知，劃線詞所在句子意為“我很痛苦，但我還是保持著前進(jìn)的步伐，一直走到了森林里?！盿gony意為“痛苦”。故選A。
【38題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning.”（我跑完了全程，但如果我從一開始就能很好地控制好自己的速度的話，我所能達(dá)到的時(shí)間還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。）可推知，他完成了比賽，但沒有達(dá)到自己的記錄。故選D。
【39題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something: Pride is no substitute for pace.”（每次我回想那個(gè)越野賽季，我都會(huì)想起一些事情:驕傲不能代替速度。）可知，作者對(duì)比賽的反思是不驕傲地調(diào)整自己的步伐是很重要的。故選C。
(B)
Ever look at your to-do list and want to run and hide? Me too. But life is more than working hard to finish tasks, collapsing into bed, judging the past 24 hours and our success by how much we've managed to tick off.
So here’s how to get stuff done and enjoy yourself at the same time.
1.Rename it
My friend Jim Kwik says, “Call your ‘got-to-do’ list your ‘get- to-do’ list.” It’s a tiny change but a major shift.
Think about it. You get to walk your dog, choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day that affords you the life you have.

2.Add some action
Instead of writing plain reminders down as memory urges, like “Dentist” and “Report,” add some verbs and result-based benefits, like “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” or “Complete report and let out your breath.” Imagine the good feeling attached to each agenda item and let it fuel you.
3. Trust there’s time
Have you ever noticed when you’re in a rush, you make mistakes? Like when you’re late for work: You can’t find your jeans, you hurt your toe on the bed by accident and you misplace your phone as you head down the elevator.
When we operate from a place of calm, stuff happens faster. We find what we need. We don’t burn the toast.
It can be as simple as sitting up in bed, taking ten deep breaths when you wake up and setting a simple intention for the day (not reaching straight for Instagram and email).
4.Ask yourself this
How are you spending your days, your life? Are you having enough fun? Can your got-to-do list be a get-to-do list with some good moods dancing on the page and an air of “I got time!” attached to it? Yes, it probably can. Now, what’s first?

40. Which of the following does the author agree with about “your to-do list”?
A. Choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day.
B. Change “Dentist” into “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!”
C. Remind yourself you have plenty of time to deal with daily routines.
D Keep asking yourself questions with the air of “I got time!”
41. It can be concluded that the key to getting stuff done and enjoying yourself at the same time is ___.
A. A. a state of mind B. a get-to-do list. C. a memory urge D. a place of calm
42. What’s the writing purpose of this passage?
A. To find out what to do first every day. B. To imagine the good feeling of tasks.
C. To explain the importance of lifestyle. D. To discover how to enjoy daily life.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四種在完成工作的同時(shí)享受生活的方法。
【40題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2.Add some action部分中“Instead of writing plain reminders down as memory urges, like “Dentist” and “Report,” add some verbs and result-based benefits, like “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” or “Complete report and let out your breath.”(不要隨著記憶的沖動(dòng)寫簡(jiǎn)單的提醒，比如‘牙醫(yī)’和‘報(bào)告’，添加一些動(dòng)詞和基于結(jié)果的好處，比如‘預(yù)約牙醫(yī)，讓牙齒閃閃發(fā)光!’或‘完成報(bào)告，然后長(zhǎng)舒一口氣’)”可知，關(guān)于“你的待辦事項(xiàng)清單”，作者可能會(huì)認(rèn)同B選項(xiàng)“把‘牙醫(yī)’改成‘預(yù)約牙醫(yī)，讓牙齒閃閃發(fā)光!’”的做法。故選B。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“How are you spending your days, your life? Are you having enough fun? Can your got-to-do list be a get-to-do list with some good moods dancing on the page and an air of “I got time!” attached to it?(你是如何度過你的日子，你的生活的？你的樂趣夠嗎？你的待辦事項(xiàng)清單是帶有一種躍然紙上的好心情以及一種“我還有時(shí)間”的氣氛的必做事項(xiàng)清單嗎嗎？)”可推知，要在完成工作的同時(shí)享受自我，其關(guān)鍵是一種心態(tài)。故選A。
【42題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“So here’s how to get stuff done and enjoy yourself at the same time.(以下就是如何在完成工作的同時(shí)享受生活的方法)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四種在完成工作的同時(shí)享受生活的方法?？赏浦?，這篇文章的寫作目的是去發(fā)現(xiàn)如何享受日常生活。故選D。
(C)
Upon reflection of the ideal social moral code, within one sentence, it would be: be constructive, not destructive. Though “be constructive, not destructive” sounds sensible, there are many nuances (slight differences). Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive.
We can decide if something is constructive or destructive based on degree, for instance. Say your preschool son is acting up and broke a glass vase, even after you told him to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thought in your mind to spank him to give a punishment for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confused about whether this would be constructive or destructive. It might show him that not listening to you and breaking things is not welcome, but on the other hand, spanking him is an act of aggression that will hurt him physically and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later in life. There is no exact wrong or right in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. Personally, I would not spank my son, as I think it does more destruction than construction. But, that is just me.
Another nuance to consider is the definition we give to construction and destruction. For example, for some people, construction can never involve violence, while for others, it could even be an essential part. Take the example of going back in time and killing Hitler. Killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act. However, in light of the circumstances, I would assume that the majority of people would agree that killing Hitler at the height of his power if they had the chance would be seen as a constructive, thus positive act. Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles.
Additionally, construction and destruction can be filtered through a sociopolitical lens. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. Take for instance creating new homes in a forested area. Yes, homes for humans are made, but also the habitat for countless animals is being destroyed, or at least altered to an extreme. Construction, if it is true, it should be beneficial to all parties included. That is a tall order, though. Every step we take kills bacteria and other microorganisms—and perhaps plants, insects, and who knows what else. Destruction can be seen as a part of each moment. Plus, what a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive to a minority. Is there a way to determine which side is correct? It is almost impossible. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. There have been many instances in history when acts were regarded as constructive, but were later seen as destructive with a modern lens.
Though I consider “Be constructive, not destructive” the most solid one-sentence social moral code, it is not without its nuances and problems. For instance, the degree to which we consider something constructive or destructive, definitions of being constructive and destructive, and construction and destruction seen through a sociopolitical lens are all nuances. These differences consist of the confusion that this ideal social moral code causes. However, I cannot imagine a better code than the one stated in this essay in terms of living one’s life in a social context.
43. From the author’s view whether to punish a kid’s wrong doing or not depends on what extent .
A. A. it would bring him benefits or harms
B. he would modify his destructive behavior
C. his act is constructive or destructive
D. his destructive result might bring about
44. The author mentions the example of killing Hitler to show that .
A. A. killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act
B. the majority of people would agree to kill Hitler
C. killing Hitler is seen as a constructive and positive act
D. definitions of social code decide our values and principles
45. What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 4) imply?
A. Construction and destruction can advance social developments.
B. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others.
C. What a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive.
D. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct.
46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. A. Wrong or Right of Social Moral Code
B. Judgment of Construction or Destruction
C. Ideal Social Moral Code
D. How to Live One’s Life in a Social Context
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. D 46. B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章對(duì)行為建設(shè)性和破壞性的判斷進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)討論。
【詳解】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒第二句“However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. ”（然而，通過你自己的推理，你可以決定在何種程度上，這將有利于或有害于他和當(dāng)前的情況。）可知，作者認(rèn)為是否懲罰一個(gè)孩子的錯(cuò)誤行為取決于這會(huì)帶給他的好處或壞處的程度。故選A。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles.”（因此，我們的定義往往決定了我們的價(jià)值觀以及我們?cè)谶@些原則基礎(chǔ)上如何行動(dòng)。）可推知，作者提到刺殺希特勒的例子來說明社會(huì)規(guī)范的定義決定了我們的價(jià)值觀和原則。故選D。
3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段倒第二句“Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. ”（在道德觀念上占多數(shù)并不意味著它是正確的或者更合適的。）可知，劃線句暗示在道德觀念上占多數(shù)并不意味著它是正確的。故選D。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive.”（有時(shí)很難確定一個(gè)行為究竟是建設(shè)性的還是破壞性的。）可知，文章主要是講對(duì)行為建設(shè)性和破壞性的判斷?！敖ㄔO(shè)性和破壞性的判斷”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A Useful Tool for Music Lovers
With the development and expansion of the Internet, many hobbies and interests of modern people have gained a new dimension. The Internet allows enthusiasts to unite to share their excitement about trends, to communicate and share experiences. Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. This refers to movies, arts, modeling, programming, literature, and music as well. One can hardly find a person who would not be listening to music on the way to work, at home, or elsewhere. _________47_________.
One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to. _________48_________. Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services. The design of Last.fm gives a welcoming impression, though some might find it too simple. The site is displayed in red tones, with the possibility of switching it to a black skin and, despite the quantity of information, is easy to understand and navigate. Users can also decorate their profiles with pictures of themselves, all kinds of badges, diagrams, tag clouds, and statistics relating to music.
The availability of multiple functions also speaks in favor of Last.fm. One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲記錄), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to. _________49_________. With its aid, Last.fm searches for people with similar musical preferences and shows one a list of those whose interests match to some extent. These people are called neighbors and the idea is that they can get familiar with the fans of their favorite kind of music and, most likely, make new friends. The information about upcoming events nearby, as well as recommendations given about new music that a user might like are also gathered and introduced by the means of scrobbling. If a person listens to one or two bands on a consistent basis, the website will display a few new artists that play in a similar genre, including new ones, so that a user can be in touch with the latest trends within their musical interests.
_________50_________. However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. And yet those lucky ones from the places mentioned before can listen to one track online up to five times a day. Besides, the website had recently changed its policy towards monetization and reduced the number of free services. Last.fm also works as a kind of musical Wikipedia, providing users with biographies of bands, or actual musicians. There is hardly a need to mention that musicians can also benefit from using the resource, presenting information about themselves and involving fans.
A. Last.fm allows users to listen to music for free, as well as buy tracks.
B. The website Last.fm is a convenient and useful resource for music lovers.
C. There are plenty of websites that allow music lovers to stay in touch with the news relating to their hobby.
D. If you want to use Last.fm for communication, you might find that traditional social networks are more suitable for this purpose
E. This website is of great benefit for music enthusiasts.
F. This technology is convenient and definitely helpful for music lovers.
【答案】47. C 48. E 49. F 50. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是說明文。文章給音樂發(fā)燒友們介紹了有用的工具——Last.fm，它是社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)收音機(jī)的混合體，它可以追蹤用戶所聽的音樂，也可以免費(fèi)聽音樂，以及購(gòu)買曲目。
【47題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. ”（專門的網(wǎng)站為用戶提供更多關(guān)于他們感興趣的主題的信息，幫助他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的熱情的新界限。）可知，該句以下內(nèi)容和提供音樂的網(wǎng)站有關(guān)。再結(jié)合下一段中的“One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to.”（這樣的網(wǎng)站之一是Last.fm:社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)收音機(jī)的混合體，它可以追蹤用戶所聽的音樂。）可推知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)提到了有很多可以讓音樂愛好者了解最新音樂消息的網(wǎng)站。C項(xiàng)“有很多可以讓音樂愛好者了解與他們好愛相關(guān)的最新消息的網(wǎng)站”符合語境，下文的one such website呼應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的plenty of websites。故選C。
【48題詳解】
根據(jù)前一句“One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to.”（這樣的網(wǎng)站之一是Last.fm:社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)收音機(jī)的混合體，它可以追蹤用戶所聽的音樂。）以及后文“Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services..”（此外，與提供類似服務(wù)的其他來源相比，它有許多優(yōu)勢(shì)。）可知，空處應(yīng)起承上啟下的作用，說明這個(gè)音樂網(wǎng)站對(duì)于音樂熱愛者來說有很多好處。E項(xiàng)“這個(gè)網(wǎng)站對(duì)音樂愛好者來說有很多好處”符合文意。故選E。
【49題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“ One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲記錄), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to. ”（它的一個(gè)超過許多其他音樂網(wǎng)站的顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)是歌曲記錄功能，這意味著追蹤用戶一直聽的音樂。）可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)講述追蹤用戶一直聽的音樂的這項(xiàng)技術(shù)對(duì)音樂愛好者的意義。F項(xiàng) “對(duì)于音樂熱愛者來說，它既方便又有幫助?！狈险Z境，選項(xiàng)中的this technology指的就是上文的 the function of scrobbling（歌曲記錄功能）。 故選F。
【50題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“ However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. ”（然而，它有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上，大部分的免費(fèi)歌曲和專輯只針對(duì)美國(guó)、德國(guó)和英國(guó)的公民開放，而其他國(guó)家的用戶只能聽簡(jiǎn)短的介紹樣本）可知，設(shè)空處提到了這個(gè)網(wǎng)站免費(fèi)聽音樂和可以購(gòu)買曲目的這一特點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)“Last.fm允許用戶免費(fèi)聽音樂，也可以購(gòu)買單曲”符合文意，下文的 free tracks and albums呼應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的listen to music for free。故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】
71.IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Beyond Identity
We often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions. We take these three elements and make a combination. However, we also often talk about a person’s soul. Is there any scientific basis for the soul? Surprisingly, there is. Each unique personality a person has (even in circumstances of memory loss and other illnesses), the feeling and identity of the self beyond age (especially experienced as we grow older), and our inevitable subjective experience as an individual consist of a scientific foundation for the soul.
Despite the constant shift in the links between our brain cells, we remain essentially the same personality. This consistency is most obvious in the case of mentally ill patients or people who have experienced memory loss. According to Scientific American: Basically, no matter what happens to our brain, our unique personality seems to shine through.
Besides one’s personality the soul of a person can be identified through one’s consciousness. Though we commonly identify with our body and what we see in the mirror, we also have a sense that we are not a certain age—as our sense of self usually leans less on age and rather on our subjective feeling of who we are essentially.
Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience. Despite humans being very, very similar to each other in DNA and overall composition, our understanding of reality is vastly different from individual to individual. According to Psychology Today, “While science has made tremendous progress explaining the functioning of the brain, why we have a subjective experience remains mysterious. The problem of the soul lies exactly here, in understanding the nature of the self, the “I” in existence that feels and lives life.
The soul of a person is incredibly challenging to prove scientifically. However, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and the way you notice things might not be tested strictly, but they are very difficult to deny.
【答案】The personality, the feeling and identity of the self, and subjective experience comprise a scientific basis for the soul of a person. Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist. The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature. There is no reason to deny it scientifically.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹人格、自我的感覺和身份，以及主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)成了一個(gè)人的靈魂的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。不管大腦發(fā)生了什么，人格似乎是存在的。靈魂也可以主要通過自我意識(shí)和自己對(duì)自然的理解來認(rèn)識(shí)。沒有理由從科學(xué)上否認(rèn)它。
【詳解】1. 要點(diǎn)摘錄
1）We often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions.
2）Despite the constant shift in the links between our brain cells, we remain essentially the same personality.
3）Besides one’s personality, the soul of a person can be identified through one’s consciousness.
4）Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience.
5）The soul of a person is incredibly challenging to prove scientifically. However, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and the way you notice things might not be tested strictly, but they are very difficult to deny.
2.縝密構(gòu)思
將第1、2、3、4四個(gè)要點(diǎn)綜合進(jìn)行文章主旨概括，將第2個(gè)要點(diǎn)單獨(dú)具體概括，將第3、4兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合，將第5要點(diǎn)總結(jié)概括。
3.遣詞造句
The personality, the feeling and identity of the self, and subjective experience comprise a scientific basis for the soul of a person.
Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist.
The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature.
There is no reason to deny it scientifically.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist.運(yùn)用一個(gè)復(fù)合句對(duì)原文第二段進(jìn)行了概括。其中Whatever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
[高分句型2]：The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature. 用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+被動(dòng)語態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句對(duì)第三段和第四段進(jìn)行了概括。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 他在整理書籍時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本舊日記。(run)(漢譯英)
【答案】He ran across an old dairy while sorting out the books.
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語，非謂語和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，本句陳述過去的事情，故基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)；“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”表達(dá)為run across，作句子謂語；“一本舊日記”表達(dá)為an old dairy，作run across的賓語；“整理”表達(dá)為sort out；“在整理書籍時(shí)”可用while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略，還原為：while he was sorting out the books。主從句主語相同且從句的動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞，主語和be動(dòng)詞省略。再結(jié)合其他漢語提示，故翻譯為He ran across an old dairy while sorting out the books.。
53. 過度使用手機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)我們的身體造成不良影響。(impact) (漢譯英)
【答案】Overuse of mobile phones can make a negative impact on our health.
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞和固定短語。根據(jù)句意“過度使用手機(jī)”可知短語為overuse of mobile phones，作主語；表示“對(duì)……造成不良影響”短語為make a negative impact on sth.，此處作謂語，can后跟動(dòng)詞原形；表示“健康”應(yīng)用不可數(shù)名詞health，作賓語。故翻譯為Overuse of mobile phones can make a negative impact on our health.
54. 不可否認(rèn)這種疾病的危害性已經(jīng)引起了公眾的廣泛關(guān)注和高度重視。(There) (漢譯英)
【答案】There is no denying that the harmfulness of this disease has aroused/brought widespread concern/ attention.
【解析】
【詳解】考查同位語從句和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。There is no denying that…為固定句型，意為“不可否認(rèn)……”，此處為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；the harmfulness of this disease意為“這種疾病的危害性”，是從句的主語，arise/bring引起，是謂語動(dòng)詞，此處表示過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；widespread concern/attention意為“廣泛關(guān)注和高度重視”，是賓語。故答案是There is no denying that the harmfulness of this disease has aroused/brought widespread concern/ attention.。
55. 你希望同學(xué)怎么對(duì)待你，你就怎么對(duì)待他們。無論相交深淺，都應(yīng)尊重他們。(Whatever) (漢譯英)
【答案】Treat your classmates like you’d like/want to be treated/ Treat your classmates as you want them to.
Whatever your relationship/depth of the relationship is, treat them with respect/they should be respected.
【解析】
【詳解】考查連詞和固定短語。Treat your classmates 對(duì)待你的同學(xué)，作主句，as/like如，后接從句，從句的主語是you，would like to do /want to do sth.此處表示被對(duì)待，所以此處需用to be treated作賓語，后一句也可以用 want them to作謂語；Whatever無論什么，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句的主語是your relationship/depth of the relationship“相交深淺”，表示事實(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞需用is，主句使用祈使句treat them “對(duì)待他們”, with respect尊重地，作狀語，此處也可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)they should be respected“他們應(yīng)該被尊重，句首單詞首字母需大寫。故翻譯為Treat your classmates like you’d like/want to be treated/ Treat your classmates as you want them to. Whatever your relationship/depth of the relationship is, treat them with respect/they should be respected.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假設(shè)你校正在舉行一個(gè)“Donate an Hour Every Day”的主題征文活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你據(jù)此用英語寫一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容要傳遞正能量，具體需包括：
.你對(duì)此主題的理解；
.你的具體做法及理由。
【答案】 Donate an Hour Every Day
An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight. However, “Donate an hour every day” highlights the impact of accumulation and joint efforts.
As for me, daily voluntary work may suit the hour best. I’m going to sign up for the position as a school library assistant. Being very willing to sacrifice my resting and entertainment hours after lunch, I’ll place books on shelves in order and help students look for a certain book or do check-ins and outs for them. I consider it meaningful to give them a hand.
Despite the saying “An hour saved is an hour earned”, it’s necessary for us to donate an hour to others unselfishly. When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction. In a nutshell, this kind of mutual benefit deserves the hour spent.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇書面表達(dá)屬于說明文，要求考生就“Donate an Hour Every Day”為主題，寫一篇英語短文參賽，文章要包含考生對(duì)此主題的理解以及具體做法和理由。
【詳解】第一步：審題
體裁：說明文
時(shí)態(tài)：根據(jù)提示，時(shí)態(tài)主要為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。
結(jié)構(gòu)：總分法
總分法指把主題句作為總說，把支持句作為分說，并以這種方式安排所寫內(nèi)容。
要求：
.你對(duì)此主題的理解；
.你的具體做法及理由。
第二步:列提綱 （重點(diǎn)詞組）
a small proportion of; lead to; highlight; accumulation; joint efforts; as for; sign up for; be willing to; place sth. in order; look for; meaningful; give sb. a hand; necessary; make contributions; in a nutshell
第三步：連詞成句
1. An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight.
2. However, “Donate an hour every day” highlights the impact of accumulation and joint efforts.
3. As for me, daily voluntary work may suit the hour best.
4. I’m going to sign up for the position as a school library assistant.
5. Being very willing to sacrifice my resting and entertainment hours after lunch, I’ll place books on shelves in order and help students look for a certain book or do check-ins and outs for them.
6. I consider it meaningful to give them a hand.
7. Despite the saying “An hour saved is an hour earned”, it’s necessary for us to donate an hour to others unselfishly.
8. When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction.
9. In a nutshell, this kind of mutual benefit deserves the hour spent.
根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞（組）進(jìn)行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)問題。
第四步：連句成篇（銜接詞）
1.表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系：However
2.表因果關(guān)系： Thus
連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進(jìn)行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰。
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight. (運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)
[高分句型2] When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction. (運(yùn)用了when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)

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