?青浦區(qū) 2019 學(xué)年高三年級第二次學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量調(diào)研測試
英語學(xué)科 試卷
2020.05
(時間 120 分鐘，滿分 140 分)
考生注意:
1. 本試卷共 14 頁。
2. 答題前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡(紙)上用鋼筆或水筆清楚填寫姓名、準考證號，并用鉛筆正確涂寫準考證號。
3. 答案必須全部涂寫在答題卡(紙)上。如用鉛筆答題，或?qū)懺谠嚲砩弦惨宦刹唤o分。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. $200. B. $250. C. $300. D. $350.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: This room is fantastic. How much is the rent?
M: It’s $250 a month unfurnished or $300 furnished. Utilities are 50 extra.
Q: How much will it cost the man to rent a furnished room including utilities?
2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. In July. B. In August. C. In September. D. In October.
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】M: Hey, Mandy, aren’t you and Jeff going to Korea in July?
W: We had thought to go there in August, but the travel agency gave us a discount if we go there in October.
Q: When will Mandy probably go to Korea?
3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. The woman needs to see the doctor. B. The woman should pretend to be a patient.
C. The woman needs to put in extra efforts. D. The woman should take magic tablets.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you have some magic tablets? I have an exam to pass tomorrow.
M: In such an emergency, you need injections.
Q: What does the man mean?
4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. Mechanic and customer. B. Advertiser and designer.
C. Advertising agent and client. D. Manager and salesperson.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Excuse me. I’d like to place an advertisement for a used car in your paper.
M: OK, but you have to run your advertisement all week.
Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?
5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. She can’t make herself understood when whispering.
B. She’d better avoid speaking even in a low voice.
C. She will probably go to see a doctor.
D. She has refused to take medicine.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Emily’s voice sounds awful. I could barely hear her.
M: Yes. She’s got a terrible sore throat. The doctor said she shouldn’t even attempt to whisper.
Q: What can we learn about Emily from the conversation?
6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. It is full of nonsense. B. It is appealing to him.
C. It should be lent to more people. D. It can hardly arouse the woman’s interest.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I wasn’t sure whether the book I lent you was the kind you would have any interest in.
M: Nonsense. I can hardly tear myself away from it.
Q: What does the man think of the book?
7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. The lecture was very successful. B. She felt thirsty at the lecture.
C. The students were not polite at the lecture. D. The young people have great wisdom.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: How did the lecture go?
W: Oh, you should have seen those young people. Thirsty for knowledge, drinking in my wisdom.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. The woman is now working in a kindergarten.
B. The man will soon start a business of his own.
C. The man would like to be a high school teacher.
D. The woman is going to major in child education.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in business administration.
W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. They have forgot to change their cars. B. The woman’s car has run out of electricity.
C. The man is good at telling jokes. D. The park is within five minutes’ walk.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Walk to the park? You must be kidding! It takes only five minutes to drive there.
W: If I had remembered to charge my car.
Q: What can be learned from the conversation?
10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A. She would like to have the typewriter removed.
B. Someone else may need the typewriter.
C. She does not like the spare desk.
D. The office is dusty and old.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: This old typewriter has been sitting on the spare desk all semester. It’s just gathering dust from what I can see.
W: We’d better ask someone to get rid of it so that we can use this space.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions are based on the following passage.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

11.
A. Bank clerk. B. Restaurant servant.
C. Baby sitter. D. Campus gardener.
12.
A. Write a sound resume. B. Select appropriate courses.
C. Arrange their work schedules. D. Improve their interviewing techniques.
13.
A. To inform students of a university program.
B. To interest students in a career in counseling.
C. To get counselors to work in the placement office.
D. To convince local organizations to hire college students.
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. A
【解析】
【原文】As a result of rising university costs, many students are finding it necessary to take on part- time jobs. To make finding those jobs easier, the placement services put together a listing of what’s available locally. For some students, these part-time jobs could lead to full time work after graduation, as they may offer experience in their own fields, whether it is finance, marketing or even management.
For example, National Saving Bank offers a job on a half time basis. That’s twenty hours a week. Stores and restaurants have positions requiring fewer hours. Even less time is expected of those providing child-care. We have a number of families registered with us who were looking for baby sitters for as few as 4 hours a week. For students who prefer outdoor work, there are seasonal positions right on campus, working with the gardening and landscaping teams. These often require the most time and are the least flexible in terms of scheduling.
To see a complete list of these and other available jobs, including the salary offered and the hours required, stop by our office. Oh, and be sure to bring a resume with you. When you find something that interests you, we’ll put you in touch with the person offering it. In addition, our counselors will give you hints about successful interviewing.
Questions:
Which of the following position requires the fewest working hours?
What will the counselors at the office help students do?
What is the purpose of the speech?
Questions are based on the following passage.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

14.
A. To find out what happened to the atmosphere and water of our planet.
B. To explore what occurred to the natural environment on Mars.
C. To confirm that Mars has a much thicker atmosphere now.
D. To have access to an orbit to circle around the Red Planet.
15.
A. Robots that can operate on batteries.
B. Robots that are less expensive to build.
C. Robots that can run quickly on four legs.
D. Robots that have greater load capacity.
16.
A. Its influence on U.S. movies and TV shows.
B. Its tough demands on overseas students.
C. Its attempt to spread American culture.
D. Its exclusion of American values.
【答案】14. B 15. D 16. C
【解析】
【原文】This is Radiolab. Here are the short news items.
In September, the U.S. scientific satellite MAVEN entered an orbit around Mars, with the mission of learning what happened on the Red Planet’s atmosphere and water. MAVEN’s principal investigator Bruce Jakosky says scientists now know that Mars once had a much denser atmosphere and that it has changed significantly over the last few billion years. What they still don’t know is how and why that happened.
Scientists have been experimenting with four-legged robots for years, trying to see if they could be used as pack animals for carrying heavy loads over a difficult terrain. But the machine’s power requirements limited their potential. That’s changed, with a running robot designed by a group of engineers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology that operates on batteries rather than heavy gasoline-powered engines.
People often blame Hollywood movies, U.S. television shows and fast food for spreading American culture around the world. But a college entrance exam? Some people are criticizing planned changes to the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT, as an attempt to spread American values to students overseas. Since 2016, the SAT has required test-takers to read from parts of the U.S. Constitution, the Declaration of Independence or other historical documents.
Questions:
Why was scientific satellite MAVEN sent to space?
What is scientists’ latest research on robots?
What is the SAT accused of?
Questions are based on the following passage.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

17.
A. He feels lonely living all by himself.
B. He finds it hard to afford the rent all by himself.
C. He wants to get help with his courses from his roommate.
D. He need to find somebody to make the apartment more comfortable.
18.
A. The fridge is broken by a heavy box.
B. The carpet in the living room is old and dirty.
C. The toilet is blocked and the sink has a few leaks.
D. The windows in the bathroom can keep the heat up.
19.
A. Attractive price. B. Convenient location.
C. Relaxing atmosphere. D. Furnished bedroom.
20.
A. Offer a loan to the man. B. Find a job for the man.
C. Help the man fix up the house. D. Look for another place.
【答案】17. B 18. B 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Catherine. Come on in.
W: Uh, yeah, I stopped by to see if you were still looking for a roommate to share your house.
M: Yep, I sure am. Ever since I reduce on my working hours to go to school, I have been really short on cash. Hey, let me show you around the place. Uh, here’s the living room.
W: Oh, It looks like you could use a new carpet…and those stains?
M: Well. I’ve had a few problems with some former roommates. I know it needs to be cleaned, but I just don’t have the money to do it right now.
W: Oh. And what about the kitchen?
M: Right this way. Look. It’s completely furnished with all the latest appliances except…Well, the refrigerator door is broken…a little bit…and it won’t shut all the way. It needs fixing, but don’t worry. I’ve pushed a box against it to keep it shut.
W: Hmm. Great. Well, how about the bathroom? No, no. Don’t tell me. The toilet is blocked or the sink has a few leaks.
M: No, those work well. Well, there’s another slight problem — the windows. I’ve put up a piece of cardboard to keep out the rain and snow, and if it gets a little cold, you can always turn up the heat.
W: Hey, I think I’ve seen enough. I can’t believe you’ve survived under these conditions.
M: So what do you think? You really can’t beat a place like this for $450 a month. So it has its problems, but we can fix those.
W: Oh, no, thank you. I think I will pass.
Questions:
Why does the man need to share his apartment with a roommate?
Which of the following statements is true about the man’s house?
What advantage does the man think his apartment has?
What will the woman probably do after she has seen the place?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Luxembourg makes all public transport free
One square meter Luxembourg makes all public transport free. With a population of 602,000, Luxembourg is one of Europe’s ___21___ (small) countries - yet it suffers from major traffic jams. But that could be about to change. As of March 1, 2020 all public transport - trains, trams and buses - in the country is now free. The government hopes the move ___22___ (ease) heavy crowding and bring environmental benefits.
Tiny country, big traffic ___23___ (landlock) Luxembourg which is surrounded by three countries is one of the richest countries in Europe. ___24___ (take) up 2,586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island. From the capital of Luxembourg City, Belgium, France and Germany ___25___ all be reached by car in half an hour.
High housing costs, especially in Luxembourg City, mean more than 180,000 of the country’s workforce make regular journeys from those neighboring countries every day. Luxembourg is a very attractive place for jobs. But ___26___ “booming economy” and high concentration of jobs have led to crowding issues.
In 2016, Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1,000 people, and driving is a “primary means of transportation” for people. That year, drivers in Luxembourg City spent an average of 33 hours in traffic jams. It fared worse than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki, ___27___ have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg - yet drivers in both only spent an average of 24 hours in traffic. Park and rides around Luxembourg’s borders in the three neighboring countries, however, will encourage commuters to use free mass transit.
Free transport for all Luxembourg’s public transport system covers the whole country and costs $562 million per year to run. The government is putting up the cost of it free so that the people can benefit from the good economy. People still hold the concern ___28___making transport free may unintentionally prevent people who would normally walk or cycle in urban areas. ___29___walking 500 meters, people see a bus coming and they say, “we can get on and travel 500 meters ____30____it’s free”.However, the new scheme can signal important changes ahead when it comes to Luxembourg’s reliance on driving.
The government might say, “It’s important that you throw away your car, and look, we made public transport free” - and maybe this is helpful given the enormous cultural shift we need.”
【答案】21. smallest
22. will ease
23. landlocked
24. Taking 25. can
26. its 27. which
28. that 29. Instead of
30. because/ since / as
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為緩解日益加劇的交通擁擠問題。盧森堡成為全球首個乘坐公共交通免費的國家。
【21題詳解】
考查形容詞最高級。句意：盧森堡有60.2萬人口，是歐洲最小的國家之一，但它卻飽受嚴重的交通堵塞之苦。分析句子，small所處的句子中有one of (其中之一)，要求形容詞用最高級。故填smallest。
【22題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：政府希望此舉能緩解過度擁擠并帶來環(huán)境效益。分析句子，ease所在的從句無其他動詞，故要填時態(tài)。且和主語 the move表示主動關(guān)系。主句表示“政府的希望”，說明從句的動詞還未發(fā)生。所用用將來時。故填will ease。
【23題詳解】
考查形容詞。分析句子，此處需將landlock改為形容詞，用來修飾后面的名詞“盧森堡”。landlocked譯為“被陸地包圍的，內(nèi)陸的”。故填landlocked。
【24題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：盧森堡占地2586平方公里，大致相當于羅德島的面積。分析句子，Take up的邏輯主語為后句的Luxembourg。兩者之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填Taking。
【25題詳解】
考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：從盧森堡的首都，比利時，法國和德國都可以在半小時內(nèi)到達。分析句子，劃線后面的be動詞用了原形。且根據(jù)句意，此處少了表示“能夠”之意的情態(tài)動詞。又因文章的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。故填can。
【26題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：但其“蓬勃發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟”和工作的高度集中導(dǎo)致了擁擠問題。分析句意，此處缺了代詞指代前句提到了“盧森堡”。又因劃線后面有名詞---經(jīng)濟。故需填形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。
【27題詳解】
考查非限制性定語從句。句意：歐洲城市哥本哈根和赫爾辛基的人口規(guī)模堪比整個盧森堡，但這兩個城市的司機平均只花了24小時在路上。分析句子，劃線部分充當了主語。且前面有“逗號”。故該空需填入非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞?！胺窍蕖钡南刃性~為“哥本哈根和赫爾辛基”，先行詞指物。故填which。
【28題詳解】
考查同位語從句。句意：人們?nèi)匀粨?dān)心免費交通可能會無意中阻止人們在城市地區(qū)正常步行或騎自行車。分析句子，劃線后面的句子為主句抽象名詞concern的內(nèi)容，故從句為同位語從句。且此處不缺成分，句意完整。故填that。
【29題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：人們不會走500米距離，看到一輛公交車開過來，他們會說，這段路我可以搭公交，因為公交免費。根據(jù)句意可知，并此處表示instead of“而不是，代替”。故填I(lǐng)nstead of。
【30題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：人們不會走500米的距離，看到一輛公交車開過來，他們會說，這段路我可以搭公交，因為公交免費。分析句意可知，本句為because/ since / as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。故填because/ since / as。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

At the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture History
At Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.
For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He___31___ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of his career, ___32___.
And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the film was___33___ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award. The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) ___34___ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the___35___ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was___36___ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more___37___ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom___38___ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.
The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s___39___ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the_____40_____ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.
【答案】31. G 32. F
33. K 34. A
35. H 36. J
37. C 38. B
39. D 40. I
【解析】
本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹了在92屆奧斯卡頒獎典禮上，韓國電影《寄生蟲》獲得最佳影片，創(chuàng)造了歷史。
【31題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：他發(fā)表了三次熱情洋溢的演講，其中一次是他因?qū)а荻@獎，并分別感謝另外兩名提名者馬丁·斯科塞斯和昆汀·塔倫蒂諾對他的激勵以及為他事業(yè)的進步做出的貢獻。此處缺少動詞作謂語，根據(jù)“three warm and generous speeches”可知此處表示“發(fā)表（演講）”，故填G。
【32題詳解】
考查副詞。句意同上，此處缺少副詞在句中作狀語，根據(jù)“thanked fellow nominees Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of his career”可知此處表示“分別地”，故填F。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：每每提到這部電影，人們對它的喜愛都是顯而易見的，它在激烈的獎項競爭中亦是如此。此處缺少形容詞作表語，根據(jù)上文中的“For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.”可知，《寄生蟲》獲得了奧斯卡最佳外語片、最佳導(dǎo)演和最佳原創(chuàng)劇本等三項大獎，因此人們對這部影片的喜愛是顯而易見的，故填K。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：頒獎典禮在三個半小時前就開始了，以一種新老結(jié)合的形式：這種以唱歌跳舞為主題的表演，過去是奧斯卡頒獎典禮的典型開場，但在沒有傳統(tǒng)主持人的情況下，由完全現(xiàn)代的加奈爾·莫奈表演。作介詞with的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)“of the old and the new”可知此處表示“結(jié)合”，故填A(yù)。
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意同上。修飾名詞Oscars opening用形容詞，根據(jù)“the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be”可知此處表示“典型的”，故填H。
【36題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：她演唱歌曲《動起來》時，身著服裝的舞者為她伴舞，表達對黑人電影制作人的敬意。根據(jù)空前的“was”及空后的“by”可知用的是被動語態(tài)，此處需要填過去分詞，根據(jù)“by dancers dressed in costumes”可知此處表示“伴唱、伴舞”，故填J。
【37題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：盡管克里斯·洛克和史蒂夫·馬丁盡了最大努力，但接下來的演講卻令人更加尷尬和不快。此處缺少形容詞作表語，根據(jù)“unpleasant”可知此處表示“令人尷尬的”，故填C。
【38題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：遺憾的是，后者（史蒂夫·馬?。┑难葜v讓獲得最佳女演員提名的辛西婭·埃里沃名落孫山。修飾動詞blew用副詞，根據(jù)“blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo”可知此處表示“遺憾地”，故填B。
【39題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：電影學(xué)院對這種批評的不適似乎是顯而易見的：在被提名者中的有色人種寥寥無幾，但在頒獎?wù)摺⒀葜v者和表演者中卻有很多。此處缺少名詞作主語，根據(jù)“with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers.”可知此處表示“不適”，故填D。
【40題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：幾位演講者提到了問題的局限性，即當人們被置于一種他們不想忽視但又不能挑戰(zhàn)太多的時候，就會發(fā)生這種情況。作動詞短語made mention of的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)“which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.”可知此處表示“局限性”，故填I(lǐng)。
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Facial-Recognition Technology Cannot Read Emotions
Do not believe claims that facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions, advised several scientists at the 2020 AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.
Such claims that a photo of a face can be easily___41___are based on a flawed theory that we smile when we are happy and scowl (沉下臉) when angry, said Professor Aleix Martinez. “There’s no way that technology will ever be able to detect___42___ that you’re experiencing following that approach,” Martinez said.
Research shows that, on average, people scowl only 30% of the time that they are angry, said Lisa Feldman Barrett, professor of psychology at Northeastern University. The rest of the time, they make other faces when they are angry, she said.___43___, people may scowl for other reasons — “when they’re concentrating, when someone tells them a bad joke,” she said. “Any AI that is claiming to detect a scowl and interpreting it as anger has some real___44___.”
So much goes into communicating our emotions beyond our___45___ movements. Other factors involving little use of language include our body pose, body movement and hormone responses like those that cause one’s face to go red from embarrassment or___46___, said Martinez.
Martinez offered an example of the importance of having enough information. For instance, when he showed people a photo of a ____47____ man with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly closed, most thought the man was extremely angry, his research showed. Yet anyone viewing the context — that the subject was a soccer player — could____48____ that he was displaying excitement while celebrating a goal.
A mistake like this may not matter much, but so-called emotion-recognition technology has a larger reach. The technology’s ____49____ to incorporate facial movements could have serious, even dangerous outcomes, said Martinez. AI is sometimes used in classrooms, in the judicial (司法的) system and in hiring for jobs, he noted. Many of these systems learn from U.S. and European data _______50_______ by white people. Such inputs could negatively impact, for instance, the hiring of candidates of other races, Martinez said. “I think we have to take seriously the_______51_______ in which this AI is being used,” said Barrett.
Seth Pollak, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shared research about the______52______ of our ability to understand facial expressions and emotions. For several decades, scientists thought that infants arrived into the world with a little understanding about emotions, Pollak said. To the contrary, babies do not express______53______ emotions. They have a distress system that broadcasts whether they are OK or not. Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad, and research shows that even with incredibly brief levels of exposure to contextual information, very young children start to change how they______54______ their inferences about other people’s emotions. “Human brains are actually able to______55______ patterns and make inferences about what might be happening at a sophisticated computational level with actually very little experience.” he said.
41. A. recognized B. interpreted C. noticed D. realized
42. A. emotions B. experiences C. incidents D. impacts
43. A. Therefore B. However C. Anyway D. Additionally
44. A. outlooks B. problems C. results D. mysteries
45. A. body B. brain C. facial D. gesture
46. A. disappointment B. unemotionality C. excitement D. shock
47. A. red-faced B. long-eyed C. round-shouldered D. short-haired
48. A. propose B. ensure C. indicate D. infer
49. A. failure B. capability C. fight D. initiative
50. A. dominated B. calculated C. concluded D. preserved
51. A. approach B. direction C. context D. contest
52. A. varieties B. differences C. resources D. origins
53. A. specific B. internal C. strong D. uncomfortable
54. A. pick B. categorize C. express D. expect
55. A. take out B. bring out C. carry out D. figure out
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是說明文。研究表明面部識別技術(shù)無法準確地讀取人的情緒。
【41題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：阿萊克斯·馬丁內(nèi)斯教授說，這種聲稱可以輕松解釋一張臉部照片的說法是基于一種有缺陷的理論的，即當我們感到高興時就會微笑，而在生氣時會皺著眉頭。A. recognized公認；B. interpreted解釋；C. noticed注意到；D. realized 實現(xiàn)，意識到。由上文的“identify people’s emotions”可知，面部識別技術(shù)“解讀”人的情緒。故選B。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：馬丁內(nèi)斯說：“采用這種方法，技術(shù)永遠無法檢測到你正在經(jīng)歷的情緒?！盇. emotions情緒；B. experiences經(jīng)歷；C. incidents事件；D. impacts影響。由上文的“identify people’s emotions”可知，面部識別技術(shù)解讀人的“情緒”。故選A。
【43題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：另外，人們可能會因為其他原因而皺眉：“當他們專心時，當有人給他們講惡作劇的時候”，她說。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Anyway無論如何；D.?Additionally另外。前后兩句話的內(nèi)容在邏輯關(guān)系上是遞進的，前面講生氣時并不都是皺眉頭，后面講人們出于其他的原因也會皺眉。故選D。
【44題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：任何聲稱發(fā)現(xiàn)皺眉并將其解釋為憤怒的人工智能技術(shù)都存在一些實際問題。A. outlooks觀點，見解；B. problems問題；C. results結(jié)果；D. mysteries未解之謎。由上一題的分析可知，人在皺眉時未必是生氣的。因此，人工智能技術(shù)將皺眉解釋為憤怒是存在問題的。故選B。
【45題詳解】
考查名詞及形容詞詞義辨析。句意：除了面部動作以外，交流情感的方法也很多。A. body身體；B. brain腦；C. facial面部的；D. gesture姿勢。下文提到的身體姿勢，身體運動和激素反應(yīng)的因素并不是前文提到的“面部”表情的變化。故選C。
【46題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：馬丁內(nèi)斯說，其他很少使用語言的因素包括我們的身體姿勢，身體運動和激素反應(yīng)，例如使人的臉由于尷尬或興奮而發(fā)紅的因素。A. disappointment失望；B. unemotionality冷漠；C. excitement激動；D. shock震驚。下文提到的例子中對excitement這個因素進行了說明，這個詞在下一段中是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，他的研究顯示，當他向人們展示一張紅臉的男人的照片時，照片中的人嘴大張著并幾乎閉著眼睛，大多數(shù)人認為這名男子非常生氣。A. red-faced紅臉的；B. long-eyed長眼的；C. round-shouldered?曲背的；D. short-haired?短發(fā)的。上一段中提到了導(dǎo)致臉色變紅的因素，此處是在舉例分析說明臉紅并不能夠肯定這個人在生氣。故選A。
【48題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，任何看過此照片的人（照片中的人是足球運動員）都可以推斷出他是在慶祝進球時表現(xiàn)出了興奮。A. propose提出；B. ensure確保；C. indicate表明；D. infer推斷。此處表示人看著照片進行推斷的結(jié)果和人工智能技術(shù)的判斷是不同的。故選D。
【49題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：馬丁內(nèi)斯說，這項技術(shù)將面部動作與人的情緒結(jié)合起來的功能可能會導(dǎo)致嚴重甚至危險的后果。A. failure失??；B. capability能力；C. fight斗爭；D. initiative倡議。前文提到過“facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions(面部識別技術(shù)可能夠準確識別人們的情緒)”的說法。故選B。
【50題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：其中許多系統(tǒng)都是從白人主導(dǎo)的美國和歐洲的數(shù)據(jù)做出推斷。 A. dominated占主導(dǎo)地位；B. calculated計算；C. concluded推斷出；D.?preserved保護，保留。下文提到“這樣的數(shù)據(jù)輸入可能會對雇用其他種族的候選人產(chǎn)生負面影響”，因此人工智能技術(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)采集是以白人為基礎(chǔ)的，即白人提供了占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的數(shù)據(jù)。故選A。
【51題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我認為我們必須認真考慮使用這種人工智能技術(shù)的環(huán)境”，Barrett說。A. approach方法；B. direction方向；C. context語境，環(huán)境；D. contest測試。由上文的分析可知，人工智能技術(shù)的使用必須注意使用的場合和環(huán)境。context這個詞在上一段中出現(xiàn)了。故選C。
【52題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：威斯康星大學(xué)麥迪遜分校的心理學(xué)教授Seth Pollak分享了有關(guān)我們理解面部表情和情緒之間關(guān)系的能力來源的研究。A. varieties品種；B. differences差異；C. resources資源；D. origins起源。下文提到的是理解面部表情和情緒之間關(guān)系的能力來源的例子。故選D。
【53題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，嬰兒不表達特定的情感。A. specific具體的；B. internal內(nèi)部的；C. strong強大的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。他們有一個呼救系統(tǒng)，可以表明他們是否處于好的狀態(tài)中。因此，孩子們并不表露出具體特定的感受，只是宏觀上的好與壞。故選A。
【54題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，即使是在極其短暫的接觸背景信息的情況下，非常年幼的孩子也開始改變他們對他人情緒進行推斷的分類方式。A. pick挑選；B. categorize分類；C. express表達；D. expect期望。由前文的“Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad(孩子們了解他人的情緒不僅僅是好或壞而已)”可知，此處表示孩子對他人的感受做出區(qū)別判斷，即分類（categorize）。故選B。
【55題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：人類大腦實際上能夠在一個復(fù)雜的計算水平上在沒有什么實際經(jīng)驗的情況下找出思維模式，并對可能發(fā)生的事情做出推斷。A. take out去除，帶……出去（吃飯、看電影等）；B. bring out生產(chǎn)，出版；C. carry out執(zhí)行；D. figure out想出，理解，弄清楚。大腦在做出推斷之前需要弄清楚模式，選擇figure out合乎語意。故選D。
【點睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要根據(jù)上下文來學(xué)會“推理”出最佳選項。同學(xué)們要遵循“上下求索”的原則來查找信息。例如，第11小題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我認為我們必須認真考慮使用這種人工智能技術(shù)的環(huán)境”，Barrett說。A. approach方法；B. direction方向；C. context語境，環(huán)境；D. contest測試。由上文的分析可知，人工智能技術(shù)的使用必須注意使用的場合和環(huán)境。context這個詞在上一段中出現(xiàn)了。故選C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
　Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up. “There’s a cyclone coming, Em,” he called to his wife. “I’ll go look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept.
Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glance told her of the danger close at hand. “Quick, Dorothy!” she screamed. “Run for the cellar!” Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed, and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway across the room there came a great roar from the wind, and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor.
Then a strange thing happened. The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. It was very dark, and the wind blew horribly around her, but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few twists and turns, and one other time when the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle (搖籃). Toto did not like it. He ran about the room, now here, now there, barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen.
At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.
56. What does the underlined word “cyclone” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. deadline B. flood C. monster D. tornado
57. Why did Aunt Em go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached?
A. To find the puppy Toto. B. To find shelter from the cyclone.
C. To protect their fortune. D. To get tools to help Henry.
58. Which of the following is True about Dorothy?
A. She managed to control the house. B. She found herself flying in a balloon.
C She turned baby crying loudly. D. She remained undisturbed with Toto.
59. Which words can be used to describe Dorothy in the emergency?
A. Afraid and brave. B. Curious and tired.
C. Flexible and calm. D. Excited and thrilled.
【答案】56. D 57. B 58. D 59. C
【解析】
本文是記敘文。文章講述了當風(fēng)暴來臨時一家人對風(fēng)暴不同的反應(yīng)。Em姨媽快速地尋找庇護所，Henry急忙去看家畜而Dorothy并沒有慌張而是靈活鎮(zhèn)定地應(yīng)對這場風(fēng)暴。
【56題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段和第三段中提到的“the wind”以及第三段中的“the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle.”可知，房屋嚴重傾斜以及Dorothy覺得自己好像被輕輕搖動了，就像搖籃里的嬰兒一樣，這是風(fēng)暴導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，因此劃線詞指的是tornado（風(fēng)暴，旋風(fēng)）。故選D。
【57題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole.”可知，Em姨媽嚇壞了，把地板上的活板門打開了，順著梯子爬進了一個小黑洞中。由此可知，旋風(fēng)接近時， Em姨媽鉆進地板下面的洞中是為了在風(fēng)暴來臨時尋找庇護所。故選B。
【58題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.”可知，最后，她爬過擺動的地板到了床上。Toto跟著她在旁邊躺下。盡管房子在搖晃，風(fēng)聲很大，但Dorothy很快還是閉上了眼睛睡著了。由此可知，Dorothy和Toto并沒有受到打擾。故選D。
【59題詳解】
推理判斷題。由上一題的分析可知，Dorothy在風(fēng)暴來臨后，并沒有慌張而是靈活鎮(zhèn)定地應(yīng)對這場風(fēng)暴。因此C項能夠描述Dorothy。故選C。
(B)
The Apollo Missions

“That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.”
— Neil Armstrong
Apollo’s Goals
The national effort that enabled Astronaut Neil Armstrong to speak those words as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity. Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.
Apollo 13

Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship. When the associated heater was turned on during flight, the tank exploded depleting almost all of the power from the command module and forcing the crew to use the lunar module as a lifeboat. Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert came home safely thanks to the mission control team’s improvised procedures and their own ability to implement them.(Launch: April 11, 1970; splashdown: April 17)
Apollo 14

Notable for the return of America’s first astronaut, Alan Shepard, to space, Apollo 14 also was probably the smoothest lunar landing to that point. The crew spent more than nine hours outside the lunar module and set up a number of experiments. Shepard set a new distance record by walking more than 9,000 feet on the lunar surface, pulling a hand cart to carry their tools and samples.(Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9)
Apollo 15

For the first time, humans drove a car on the Moon. The first of the Apollo “J” Missions-designed for longer stays on the Moon - the mission carried a lunar rover, which Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin used while they were on the surface for more than I8 hours. They traveled more than 17 miles in the rover, setting up experiments and collecting 170 pounds of samples. Before leaving the lunar surface, Scott conducted an experiment to test Galileo’s theory that objects in vacuum, without air resistance, would fall at the same rate. He dropped a geological hammer and a feather, which hit the ground at the same time, proving Galileo right.(Launch: July 26, 1971, lunar landing: July 30: splashdown: Aug. 7)
60. Why has Apollo 13 been called a “successful failure”?
A. Apollo 13 finally exploded as planned in space.
B. All the crew succeeded in landing on the Moon.
C. The crew managed to escape from a severe accident and returned to Earth.
D. The crew finished the experiment although they failed to land on the Moon.
61. Which of the following is True according to the passage?
A. It took five days for Apollo 14 to reach the Moon.
B. The lunar rover was used as a lifeboat for space travel.
C. Shepard tested Galileo’s theory successfully on the Moon.
D. Apollo 15 remained in space for the shortest period of time.
62. Which of the following column is this article most likely to be found?
A. Booming Science B. Exploring the Unknown
C. Mechanical World D. Transforming Moon
【答案】60. C 61. A 62. B
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。文章簡要地講述了，阿波羅登月計劃任務(wù)的目標及阿波羅的幾次太空登月任務(wù)。
【60題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞successful failure可將答案定位于第三段。由第三段第一句“Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship.”（阿波羅13號被稱為“成功的失敗”，因為機組人員從未登上過月球，但在爆炸使他們的飛船癱瘓后，他們安全地返回了月球。），可知“成功的失敗”是因為船員們設(shè)法從一次嚴重事故中逃脫，返回了地球。故選C項。
【61題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句的斜體字部分“Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9”（發(fā)射：1971年1月31日：登月：2月5日：濺落，2月9日），可知阿波羅14號花了五天時間到達月球。故選A項。
【62題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第一段的““That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.”— Neil Armstrong”（“這對一個男人來說是一小步。對人類來說是一個巨大的飛躍?！薄釥枴ぐ⒛匪固乩剩?，第二段最后一句“Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.”（阿波羅計劃的目標不僅僅是讓美國人登上月球，還要讓他們安全返回地球。）和各段小標題Apollo’s Goals、Apollo 13、Apollo 14和Apollo 15，可知本文講的是阿波羅太空登月計劃，去探索未知的月球，推斷出在文章的“探索未知”欄出現(xiàn)。故選B項。
【點睛】在高考中，細節(jié)理解題為頻繁?？碱}型，集中考查文中細節(jié)。在做此類題型時，同學(xué)們可以先從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運用略讀和查閱技巧迅速在文中找到這一細節(jié)，把這部分內(nèi)容仔細讀一遍，比較所給選項與文中細節(jié)的細微差別。如在第1小題中，分析問題，得到關(guān)鍵詞successful failure，迅速定位到第三段，找到句子“Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship.”可知，“成功的失敗”是因為船員們設(shè)法從一次嚴重事故中逃脫，返回了地球。故選C項。
(C)
The story of chocolate begins with the discovery of America in 1492. Columbus was the first European to come into contact with cacao. Columbus was struck by how much value the Indians placed on them as he did not know the beans were used by currency. It is unlikely that Columbus brought any of these beans back to Spain and it was not until about 25 years later that Cortez grasped the commercial possibilities when he found the Aztecs using the beans to make the royal drink “chocolate”.
The Spanish, in general, were not fond of the bitter drink so Cortez and his followers made it more palatable by adding cane sugar and later cinnamon and vanilla were added. Spanish monks let the secret out back home and, although the Spanish hid it from their neighbors for a hundred years, finally chocolate’s popularity grew until it was their fashionable drink at the French court and the wise choice of customers at London meeting houses.
The cacao tree is strictly a tropical plant only in hot, rainy climates. Thus, its cultivation is limited to countries not more than 20 degrees north or south of the equator (赤道). The cacao tree is very delicate and sensitive. It needs protection from the wind and requires a fair amount of shade under most conditions. This is true especially in its first two or three years of growth. A newly planted young cacao tree is often sheltered by a different type of trees. It is normal to plant food crops for shade such as bananas, plantain, coconuts or cocoyams. Rubber trees and forest trees are also used for shade. Once established, however, cacao trees can grow in full sunlight, provided there are fertile soil conditions and intensive farming. With cutting and careful cultivation, the trees of strains will begin bearing fruit in the fifth year. With extreme care, some strains can be stimulated to produce good crops in the third and fourth year.
The process of turning cacao into chocolate hasn’t changed much since the Swiss made the major breakthroughs in the process in the late 1800s. First the beans go through a process of fermentation ( 發(fā)酵 ) and drying. They are then sorted by hand before cleaning and then roasting. Winnowing ( 風(fēng) 揚 ) follows which removes the hard outer layers and leaves what is as the “grains”. A crushing and heating process known as Hunte’s Process is then used to remove nearly half of the cocoa butter from the nibs. This makes unsweetened chocolate. Basic eating chocolate is made from a mixture of the unsweetened chocolate with some of the cocoa butter along with other ingredients such as sugar and vanilla. The resulting product is then “purified” and this purifying gives chocolate the silky texture that we know so well. The finished result is then shaped, cooled, packaged by machine, distributed, sold and of course, eaten!
63. Why didn’t Columbus bring beans back to Spain at once when he found cacao?
A. Because he couldn’t afford to buy the cacao bean.
B. Because he didn’t know how to turn cacao bean into chocolate.
C. Because he was not aware of the monetary value of cacao bean then.
D. Because Spaniards then didn’t favour the chocolate that the Aztecs originally drank.
64. The underlined word “palatable” in paragraph 2 probably means .
A. affordable B. agreeable C. patent D. portable
65. Which of the following is correct about cacao tree?
A. Cacao trees need a lot of looking after to be used commercially.
B. Cacao trees require hot, rainy climates and adequate sunlight.
C. Cacao trees won’t produce fruit until the fifth year.
D. Cacao trees can grow well in all continents.
66. Which is the correct order of turning cocoa into chocolate?
① The chocolate is reheated to melt it, put into patterns and then cooled to make its final shapes.
② The beans are harvested on the farm.
③ Some cocoa butter is then obtained using Hunte’s Process to make cooking chocolate.
④ The cooking chocolate is then mixed with other ingredients to make the various types of eating chocolate available today.
⑤ The beans are winnowed after fermentation and drying and these two processes produce the grains.
⑥ The finished product is wrapped, sent to shops and then sold.
A. ②①③④⑤⑥ B. ②③①⑤④⑥ C. ②④⑤①③⑥ D. ②⑤③④①⑥
【答案】63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D
【解析】
本文是一篇說明文。講述了可可傳入歐洲的歷史，可可樹的種植，巧克力和可可飲料的制作過程。
【63題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的It is unlikely that Columbus brought any of these beans back to Spain and it was not until about 25 years later that Cortez grasped the commercial possibilities when he found the Aztecs using the beans to make the royal drink “chocolate”. (哥倫布不太可能把這些豆子帶回西班牙，直到大約25年后，科特茲才掌握了商業(yè)可能性，當時他發(fā)現(xiàn)阿茲特克人用豆子做皇家飲料“巧克力”。)可推斷，因為他那時候不知道可可豆的貨幣價值，因此沒有把可可豆帶回西班牙。故選C。
【64題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文The Spanish, in general, were not fond of the bitter drink(西班牙人不喜歡這種苦飲)和下文by adding cane sugar and later cinnamon and vanilla were added(加入蔗糖，然后加入肉桂和香草)可推斷，因為西班牙人不喜歡苦飲，因此科特茲和他的追隨者通過添加蔗糖讓它更容易接受，因此推斷劃線詞與agreeable“接受的”意思相同。故選B。
【65題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的The cacao tree is strictly a tropical plant only in hot, rainy climates. (可可樹嚴格來說是熱帶植物，僅在炎熱多雨的氣候下。)和The cacao tree is very delicate and sensitive. It needs protection from the wind and requires a fair amount of shade under most conditions.(可可樹非常細膩敏感的。它需要防風(fēng)，在大多數(shù)情況下需要相當多的陰影)可推斷，可可樹需要得到大量的照顧才能被商業(yè)使用，故選A。
【66題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的First the beans go through a process of fermentation ( 發(fā)酵 ) and drying. They are then sorted by hand before cleaning and then roasting. Winnowing ( 風(fēng) 揚 ) follows which removes the hard outer layers and leaves what is as the “grains”. A crushing and heating process known as Hunte’s Process is then used to remove nearly half of the cocoa butter from the nibs.(首先豆類經(jīng)過發(fā)酵和干燥的過程，然后，在清洗和烘焙之前，用手對它們進行分類。隨后進行風(fēng)楊，移除堅硬的外層，留下所謂的“谷物”。一種被稱為Hunte破碎和加熱過程被用來從豆中去除近一半的可可油。)可知，首先要收獲可可豆，豆經(jīng)發(fā)酵和干燥后簸揚，這兩個過程產(chǎn)生谷物；然后，用Hunte的過程獲得一些可可油來制作烹飪巧克力，在結(jié)合第四段下文可知，故選D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
New sense discovered in dog noses: the ability to detect heat
Dogs’ noses are amazing. Not only are they up to 100 million times more sensitive than ours, they can sense weak thermal radiation- the body heat of mammalian (哺乳動物的) prey, a new study reveals. The find helps explain how dogs with damaged sight, hearing, or smell can still hunt successfully.
“It’s a fascinating discovery,” says Marc Bekoff, an expert on dog sniffing (嗅探). “It provides yet another window into the sensory worlds of dogs’ highly evolved cold noses.” The ability to sense weak, radiating heat is known in only some animals: black fire beetles, certain snakes, and one species of mammal, the common vampire bat, all of which use it to hunt prey.___67___ But the tips of dogs’ noses are moist, colder than the surrounding temperature, and richly endowed with nerves-all of which suggests an ability to detect not just smell, but heat.
To test the idea, researchers at Lund University trained three pet dogs to choose between a warm (31°C) and a surrounding-temperature object, each placed 1.6 meters away.___68___ (Scientists could only detect the difference by touching the surfaces.) After training, the dogs were tested on their skill in double-blind experiments; all three successfully detected the objects emitting weak thermal radiation.
Next, the researchers scanned the brains of 13 pet dogs of various breeds while presenting the dogs with objects emitting neutral or weak thermal radiation. The left somatosensory cortex in dogs’ brains, was more responsive to the warm thermal stimulus than to the neutral one. The scientists identified a group of 14 voxels (體素) in this region of the dogs’ left brains , but didn’t find any in the right, and none in any part of the dogs’ brains in response to the neutral stimulus.
___69___ Also, a specific region of their brains is activated by this infrared (relating to a type of light) radiation, the scientists say. They suspect dogs inherited the ability from their ancestor, the gray wolf, who may use it to sniff out warm bodies during a hunt.
“The study is consistent with other research that describes the combined dog nose and brain as a highly complicated platform for processing a broad range of signals,” says Gary Settles, a professor of mechanical engineering at Pennsylvania State University. “The dog nose can distinguish patterns of hot and cold objects at a distance,” he said. “___70___ That needs further study.”
A. If nothing else, the work suggests the extraordinary skills of the dog.
B. The dogs weren’t able to see or smell the difference between these objects.
C. But dogs’ thermal detection skills may not be useful for long distance hunting.
D. Most mammals have naked, smooth skin on the tips of their noses around the nostrils (鼻孔).
E. Dogs track prey “not by sight or sound or smell, but by some other and subtler sense”.
F. Together, the two experiments show that dogs, like vampire bats, can sense weak hot spots.
【答案】67. D 68. B 69. F 70. C
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了最新研究表明：在狗的鼻子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的感覺——感知熱度的能力。
【67題詳解】
上文The ability to sense weak, radiating heat is known in only some animals: black fire beetles, certain snakes, and one species of mammal, the common vampire bat, all of which use it to hunt prey.說 只有一些動物才有感知微弱輻射熱量的能力:黑火甲蟲、某些蛇和一種哺乳動物——普通吸血蝙蝠，所有這些動物都用它來捕食。下文But the tips of dogs’ noses are moist, colder than the surrounding temperature, and richly endowed with nerves-all of which suggests an ability to detect not just smell, but heat.說但是狗的鼻尖是潮濕的，比周圍的溫度還要冷，并且有豐富的神經(jīng)——所有這些都表明它們不僅有嗅覺的能力，而且還有感覺熱度的能力。該空承上啟下，D選項“大多數(shù)哺乳動物的鼻孔周圍都有裸露光滑的皮膚”切題。故選D。
【68題詳解】
上文To test the idea, researchers at Lund University trained three pet dogs to choose between a warm (31°C) and a surrounding-temperature object, each placed 1.6 meters away.說為了測試這一想法，隆德大學(xué)的研究人員訓(xùn)練了三只寵物狗，讓它們在一個溫暖的(31°C)和一個周圍溫度的物體之間做出選擇，每個物體放置在1.6米遠的地方。下文After training, the dogs were tested on their skill in double-blind experiments說訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后，對犬進行雙盲實驗技能測試。該空承上啟下，B選項“狗無法看到或聞到這些物體之間的區(qū)別”切題。故選B。
【69題詳解】
下文Also, a specific region of their brains is activated by this infrared (relating to a type of light) radiation, the scientists say.（此外，科學(xué)家說，他們大腦的一個特定區(qū)域被這種紅外輻射(與一種光有關(guān))激活。）得出了一種實驗結(jié)論，上文也應(yīng)該是一種實驗結(jié)論。F選項“這兩個實驗共同表明，狗和吸血蝙蝠一樣，能夠感知微弱的熱點”切題。故選F。
【70題詳解】
上文 “The dog nose can distinguish patterns of hot and cold objects at a distance,” he said.說他說:“狗的鼻子可以分辨出遠處物體的冷熱模式?！痹摽粘薪由衔模珻選項“但是狗的熱探測技能可能對遠距離狩獵沒有用處”切題。故選C。
IV. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Do Our Phones Affect Our Parenting?
As a pediatrician (兒科醫(yī)生), I have researched how mobile phone use affects family dynamics. The parent-child relationship is central to children’s social and emotional health and life success — yet I also see how more and more family interactions interrupted by mobile devices … including my own.
My interest in the topic began in 2010. I worked for a year as a pediatrician in the suburbs outside of Seattle. Many of the parents bringing in their sick kids worked at tech companies and were early adopters of mobile devices. During my training, I had gotten used to children playing with handheld gaming devices, but this was different: parents texted during health-related conversations (were they really processing what I was saying?); looked up medical information online to check my accuracy (was this a sign of parent anxiety?); and used videos to stop children from crying (this was pretty helpful during ear exams, but is it OK other times, I wondered?).
I was fascinated by the cultural change America was experiencing with the rapid adoption of mobile devices. But as a pediatrician, I had no idea what to do about it. So when I moved to Boston for training in Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, I decided to explore the topic in more depth.
I started my research by observing families in fast food restaurants and the results were pretty eye-opening: when parents’ attention was highly absorbed in their smartphones, parents talked less to children; responded slower (or not at all) to child bids for attention; and sometimes overreacted to child behavior.
Our more recent studies show that in the long-run, parent technology use during parent-child activities leads to more difficult child behavior — which in turn leads to more parent technology usage. It’s a vicious cycle: when kids stress us out, we often go to our phones for escape or to avoid interaction, and this interrupts time with kids or makes them annoyed, and they might react with difficult behavior, and so on.
As a working mom of two young boys, I knew how this child-phone multitasking felt to me, but I wanted to hear what others thought. So I interviewed 35 parents from diverse backgrounds in Boston to understand their experiences. They told me they have never felt their brains split in so many directions — like all the matters of the world could intrude upon home time and “l(fā)and in their lap”. They expressed both relief and despair when their phones were broken or lost, because while this made it easier to “single-task” on their kids again, they also felt cut off from friends and information.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My experience as a pediatrician aroused my interest in the effects of smart-phones on parenting. My further research and interviews reveal it is difficult to balance both children and phones. Parents may overlook their children when focusing on their phones and cause their children’s difficult behavior while they may feel isolated when looking after their children without phones.
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇概要寫作。要求概括出，作者兒科醫(yī)生的經(jīng)歷讓她對“智能手機如何影響子女養(yǎng)育”產(chǎn)生了興趣并進行了研究，取得了相關(guān)發(fā)現(xiàn)：父母在關(guān)注手機時可能會忽視孩子，導(dǎo)致孩子行為困難，而在沒有手機照看孩子時可能會感到孤立。
【詳解】寫作步驟：
1 )細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。閱讀文章可知，作者對“智能手機如何影響子女養(yǎng)育”產(chǎn)生了興趣，并進行了研究且取得了相關(guān)發(fā)現(xiàn)：父母在關(guān)注孩子的手機時可能會忽視孩子，導(dǎo)致孩子行為困難，而在照看沒有手機的孩子時可能會感到孤立。
2 )弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點，要綜合每段段意或每部分大意概括出文章大意。本文第一段講作者研究了智能手機對子女養(yǎng)育的影響，第二和三段講作者兒科醫(yī)生的經(jīng)歷讓她對“智能手機如何影響子女養(yǎng)育”產(chǎn)生了興趣致使她對其進行研究，第四至六段講作者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：父母在關(guān)注手機時可能會忽視孩子，導(dǎo)致孩子行為困難，而在沒有手機照看孩子時可能會感到孤立。
3 )列出原文要點。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。
4 )在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點:
(1 )概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細節(jié)。
(2 )安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。
(3 )注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。
(4 )不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。
(5)計算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。
【點睛】范文內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。作者在范文中使用了較多高級表達方式，如reveal后接了一個賓語從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that，賓語從句it is difficult to balance both children and phones中用it作形式主語代替真正主語to balance both children and phones；使用了非常好的短語，如interest in, focus on, feel isolated等。全文中沒有中國式英語的句式，顯示了很高的駕馭英語的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、層次分明，上下句轉(zhuǎn)換自然，為文章增色添彩。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 研學(xué)的興起讓公共文化服務(wù)成為新亮點。 (rise)
___________________________
73. 不出所料，這個養(yǎng)身講座吸引了社區(qū)眾多老年居民。 (expect)
___________________________
74. “線上音樂會”不受時空的局限，為劇場未來發(fā)展提供了新機遇。 (break)
___________________________
75. 該是時候民眾在日常生活中通過具體行動表達對自然的敬畏與呵護了，比如節(jié)約能源、保 護野生動物等。 (It)
___________________________
【答案】72. The rise of research and learning has made public cultural services a new highlight.
73. As was expected, the lecture on health care attracted many elderly community residents.
74. “Online concert” has broken the limitation of time and space, thus providing a new opportunity for the future development of theaters.
75. It’s time for people to express their respect and care for nature through specific actions in their daily life, such as saving/conserving energy and protecting wild animals.
【解析】
【72題詳解】
考查詞匯和時態(tài)。描述主語現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時。該句中rise用作名詞，作句子主語。主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。所以填The rise of research and learning has made public cultural services a new highlight.
【73題詳解】
考查詞匯和時態(tài)。描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，用一般過去時。As was expected不出所料，該短語是固定短語。所以填A(yù)s was expected, the lecture on health care attracted many elderly community residents.
74題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和非謂語動詞。表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且已經(jīng)完成或可能持續(xù)下去，用現(xiàn)在完成時。“線上音樂會”和“提供”之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。所以填“Online concert” has broken the limitation of time and space, thus providing a new opportunity for the future development of theaters.
【75題詳解】
考查固定句型。It’s time for sb. to do sth. 某人是時候做某事了，該句型是固定句型。所以填I(lǐng)t’s time for people to express their respect and care for nature through specific actions in their daily life, such as saving/conserving energy and protecting wild animals.
VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李青。史上最長的”寒假”結(jié)束后，?？e辦主題征文活動，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于學(xué)生在這個”寒假”里發(fā)生的一個變化。請你結(jié)合自己的實際寫一篇文章投稿。你的文章必須包括:
? 簡述該變化的具體內(nèi)容；
? 闡述該變化對你的意義。
(注意:文中請不要出現(xiàn)真實的校名和人名)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Because of novel Coronavirus, the students had the longest winter holiday on record.
During the holiday, On the one hand, I paid close attention to the epidemic situation through watching CCTV news or surfing the Internet; on the other hand I insisted on studying. Not only did I read classics, but also I had online courses given by my teachers. Besides, I took exercise every day to keep healthy. Faced with the disaster, many people including doctors, nurses and scientists acted bravely and spared no effort to fight against it. They are real heroes. I was moved, so my dream changed a lot. In the past, I wanted to be a musician, but now I want to be a doctor. I hope I can help more people live healthy and happy lives!
I will study harder to realize my dream
【解析】
【分析】
這篇書面表達是一篇話題類作文。假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李青。史上最長的”寒假”結(jié)束后，?？e辦主題征文活動，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于學(xué)生在這個”寒假”里發(fā)生的一個變化。請你結(jié)合自己的實際寫一篇文章投稿。
【詳解】假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李青。史上最長的”寒假”結(jié)束后，?？e辦主題征文活動，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于學(xué)生在這個”寒假”里發(fā)生的一個變化。請你結(jié)合自己的實際寫一篇文章投稿。你的文章必須包括: 簡述該變化的具體內(nèi)容；闡述該變化對你的意義。分析可知，應(yīng)該以第一人稱為主，一般過去時和現(xiàn)在時進行寫作?？忌认牒脤懩膸c，運用合適的語法規(guī)則和詞匯把各要點都準確表述出。描述要盡量選擇簡潔的語言，難點在于選擇詞匯和句型，可以靈活運用高級詞匯和固定短語準確表述。還要用適當?shù)倪B接詞把句子連接起來，這樣文章顯得更連貫。
【點睛】這篇書面表達的關(guān)鍵在于句子內(nèi)容的準確表述，同時注意謀篇布局的順序，運用合適的連接詞連接全文，同時選擇高級的詞匯和語法項目讓文章更有文采。Not only did I read classics, but also I had online courses given by my teachers.中g(shù)iven by my teachers是過去分詞作定語，還應(yīng)用了倒裝句。I hope I can help more people live healthy and happy lives! 賓語從句的運用。




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