詞匯積淀·素養(yǎng)初探
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)語境寫出正確的單詞
1. the migratin (遷移) rutes f birds
2. a directry (電話號碼簿) f htels
3. explit (開發(fā)) ne’s talents
4. a 20-galln (加侖) fish tank
5. a murder (兇殺) case
6. a heart full f mercy (仁慈)
7. make public prperty ne’s private pssessin (擁有)
8. a plitical ppnent (反對者)
9. lgged (載入正式記錄的) 30, 000 air miles in April
10. marine (海的) explratin
11. the arrest (逮捕) f a criminal suspect
Ⅱ. 根據(jù)語境用恰當?shù)慕?、副詞填空
1. There was a mass migratin f pverty-struck farmers int the cities.
2. She appealed t the judge t have mercy n her husband.
3. The hme team was in pssessin during mst f the furth quarter.
4. She was stpped utside the shp and placed under arrest.
Ⅲ. 翻譯下列課文原句并觀察黑體部分
1. Plastic pllutin is als bad, killing many birds and fish, and has even been fund in ur tap water.
塑料污染也很嚴重, 殺死了許多鳥和魚, 甚至在我們的自來水中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了。
2. There are prbably vast amunts f resurces under the sea and ice, nt just il and gas but als valuable minerals.
海洋和冰下可能蘊藏著大量的資源, 不僅僅是石油和天然氣, 還有寶貴的礦物。
3. Hpefully, as technlgy imprves, we may have mre ptins fr managing this balance.
希望隨著技術(shù)的進步, 我們可以有更多的選擇來控制這種平衡。
閱讀精研·素養(yǎng)構(gòu)建
Ⅰ. 文本整體理解: 理清文章架構(gòu)
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Text 1
Text 2
2. What is the text type f the passage?
A. Narratin. (記敘文)
B. Argumentative essay. (議論文)
C. Expsitry writing. (說明文)
D. Practical writing (應用文)
答案: C
3. What’s the main idea f this passage?
Text 1 is mainly abut the prblems caused by sea explratin but Text 2 centers n the imprtance f sea explratin fr humans.
Ⅱ. 文本細節(jié)理解: 探尋語篇細節(jié)信息
1. Chse the best answer
(1)Why des the writer mentin the Deepwater Hrizn?
A. T shw it has mre gallns f il.
B. T explain its influence n animals.
C. T stress the bad effect f plastic.
D. T prve it has caused serius pllutin.
(2)What is the main idea f the third paragraph?
A. The speed f the melting ice in Arctic.
B. The discvery f fssil fuels in Arctic.
C. The damaging resurces in the Arctic.
D. The influence f climate n the Arctic.
(3)What des the first writer think f the sea?
A. It belngs t humans.
B. It is the habitat f life.
C. It is less sensitive actually.
D. It is the pssessins f future generatins.
(4)What makes it necessary fr us t explre seas?
A. The develpment f technlgy.
B. The value f minerals under the sea.
C. The rising number f ppulatin.
D. The ccurrence f earthquakes.
答案: (1)～(4)DDBC
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks
Ⅲ. 文本素養(yǎng)提升: 閱讀技能綜合運用
1. 根據(jù)課文語境與語句知識細致解構(gòu)語句
譯文: 由于氣候變化, 現(xiàn)在的冰減少了, 這意味著我們可以在更遠的北方尋找更多的化石燃料。
譯文: 我們需要了解我們的星球正在發(fā)生什么, 這樣我們才能采取行動。
2. 閱讀主題活動
(1)What is verfishing?
Overfishing is clsely tied t bycatch—the capture f unwanted sea life while fishing fr a different species. This, t, is a serius marine threat that causes the needless lss f billins f fish, alng with hundreds f thusands f sea turtles and cetaceans.
The damage dne by verfishing ges beynd the marine envirnment. Billins f peple rely n fish fr prtein, and fishing is the principal livelihd fr millins f peple arund the wrld.
(2)What did we learn frm the Deepwater Hrizn disaster?
The Deepwater Hrizn blwut caused gas and il t spill int the Gulf f Mexic fr 87 days. Years after this envirnmental disaster, scientists studying the spill better understand the cmplex prcesses that affect hw il transfrms and degrades in the water and just hw resilient ecsystems can be t such a disturbance. The disaster respnse als did nthing t clear up debates abut chemicals called dispersants that are ften used in spill cleanups. Researchers hpe that the technlgical advances ver the past decade—and the knwledge gained—will better prepare the wrld fr the next big spill.
(3)Hw d human activities affect the ceans?
Human activities affect nearly all parts f the cean. Lst and discarded fishing nets cntinue t lethally snare fish, seabirds, and marine mammals as they drift. Ships spill il and garbage; they als transprt critters t alien habitats unprepared fr their arrival, turning them int invasive species. Mangrve frests are cleared fr hmes and industry.
Climate change currently affecting the planet because f high greenhuse gas emissins frm humans is strikingly reflected in the ceans. The greenhuse gas carbn dixide is als turning cean waters acidic, and an influx f freshwater frm melting glaciers threatens t alter the weather-driving currents.
要點精研·素養(yǎng)奠基
1. mercy n. 仁慈; 寬恕; 恩惠
*Althugh this was banned in 1982, sme cuntries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures withut mercy.
盡管這在1982年被禁止, 但一些國家仍然毫不留情地“謀殺”這些聰明的生物。
*Having lst the engine’s pwer, the bat was nw at the mercy f the wind.
發(fā)動機壞了, 這艘船現(xiàn)在任由大風擺布。
*He was such a cruel man that he shwed n mercy t thers.
他是一個那么殘酷的人以至于他對別人毫無憐憫之情。
*They had mercy n their neighbr fr he suffered a lt. =They shwed mercy t their neighbr fr he suffered a lt.
他們對鄰居表示同情, 他受的苦難太多了。
shw mercy t sb. 憐憫某人
have mercy n對……表示憐憫
at the mercy f 任憑……的擺布; 在……的支配中
withut mercy殘忍地, 毫無同情心地
【即學活用】語法填空
(1)He will be generus and merciful (mercy) t thse wh are weaker than himself.
(2)S pitifully did she plead that the Barn grew calm and decided t have mercy n her.
(3)They shwed little mercy t the enemies.
(4)The plicemen sht the crcdile withut mercy.
(5)The bat was at the mercy f the rapid river.
2. pssessin n. 個人財產(chǎn); 擁有; 控制
*The sea is hme t life, nt human beings’ pssessins.
海洋是生命的家園, 而不是人類的財產(chǎn)。
*The cmpany that Tm is in pssessin f was nce in the pssessin f his uncle.
湯姆現(xiàn)在擁有的公司曾經(jīng)是他叔叔的。
*On her father’s death, she came int pssessin f a vast frtune. 父親死后, 她繼承了一大筆財產(chǎn)。
*We didn’t take pssessin f the car until a few days after the auctin. 拍賣會過后幾天, 我們才真正拿到了那輛車。
be in pssessin f sth. 擁有/占有某物
be in the pssessin f sb. /be in ne’s pssessin
為某人所有; 歸某人所有
have pssessin f擁有
cme int pssessin f占有某物
get/take pssessin f 占領; 奪取
【即學活用】語法填空
(1) He is in pssessin f the huse.
= The huse is in the pssessin f him.
(2)He tk pssessin f a lt f jewels frm Mr White.
(3)He had cme int pssessin f a large frtune.
(4)Des the yung man standing there have pssessin f the cmpany?
3. arrest n. 逮捕; 拘留; 中止 vt. 逮捕; 拘留; 阻止
*A $5 millin reward has been annunced fr infrmatin leading t the arrest f thse respnsible fr the murder.
一項500萬美元的懸賞已經(jīng)公布, 以獲得逮捕那些對這起謀殺事件負責的人的信息。
*He is said t be under arrest fr spreading nline rumrs.
據(jù)說他由于傳播網(wǎng)絡謠言被捕了。
*An unusual painting arrested his attentin.
一幅異乎尋常的畫引起了他的注意。
*After the match three yuths gt arrested.
比賽過后, 有三個青年被捕。
*He was arrested fr faking sme famus paintings.
他由于偽造一些名畫而被逮捕。
arrest sb. fr sth. 因……逮捕某人
get arrested (人)被逮捕
arrest ne’s attentin引起某人的注意
be under arrest被逮捕
make an arrest進行逮捕
【即學活用】
(1)She was arrested fr drug-related ffences.
她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。
(2)Yu shuldn’t d things like that. Yu culd get arrested!
你不應該做那樣的事。你會被捕的!
(3)The bright clurs f the flwers arrested the girl’s attentin.
花的艷麗色彩引起了那姑娘的注意。
(4)Yu’re under arrest. Yu’re here t assist my investigatin.
你已經(jīng)被捕了, 你來這里是協(xié)助我辦案的。
讀寫結(jié)合·表達升級
如何寫辯論性文章——海洋探測
辯論性文章屬于議論文。議論文主要針對某一觀點或問題(一般為有爭議的觀點或問題)發(fā)表議論和看法, 因此寫此類文章時要考慮的論據(jù)多為正反兩個方面。通過對有爭議的觀點或問題的不同看法進行比較, 然后進行分析和評論, 最后提出自己的看法, 表達自己支持或反對的態(tài)度并加以論證說明, 得出結(jié)論。
假如你是李華, 學校即將舉行以“Is it necessary fr humans t explre ceans? ”為題目的英語作文比賽, 請按照下列要求寫一篇80詞左右的議論文。要點如下:
1. 使海洋可持續(xù)發(fā)展
2. 了解海洋環(huán)境
3. 更好地了解氣候
完成句子
1. 它可以建立更好地理解環(huán)境變化所需的基本信息。
It can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change.
2. 這有助于科學家解決目前的情況。
It helps scientists t address current situatins.
3. 這有助于科學家預測未來可能出現(xiàn)的情況。
It helps scientists t predict the future situatins that may emerge.
4. 它還可以讓我們了解海洋中可利用的物質(zhì), 生命形式是如何生存的, 以及人類如何在海底生存或充分利用深海資源。
It can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces.
5. 海洋是我們賴以滿足食物、能源等需求的資源之一。
The sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc.
6. 它還可以幫助我們跟蹤發(fā)生在海洋上的氣候變化以及可能影響我們生活的因素。
It can help us keep track f the climate changes that happen t the cean and what might affect ur life.
7. 海洋探險對人類有很大的好處。
Sea explratin will be f great benefit t humans.
句式升級
8. 用which非限制性定語從句合并句1, 句2和句3
It can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change, which helps scientists t address bth current situatins and t predict the future situatins that may emerge.
9. 用because合并句4和句5
It can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces, because the sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc.
Is it necessary fr humans t explre ceans?
I agree with the view that it is necessary fr humans t explre seas.
First, it can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change, which helps scientists t address bth current situatins and t predict the future situatins that may emerge. Mrever, it can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces, because the sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc. In additin, it can help us keep track f the climate changes that happen t the cean and what might affect ur life.
In sum, sea explratin will be f great benefit t humans.
1. 話題詞匯
(1)mnster怪物
(2)attack襲擊
(3)creature生物
(4)sighting目擊
(5)hairy多毛的
(6)frightening嚇人的
(7)mysterius神秘的
2. 話題句式
(1)The Grey Man is a frightening creature that lives in Sctland.
灰人是生活在蘇格蘭的一種可怕的生物。
(2)They say that the lw-temperature sea is unlikely t be able t supprt such large living creatures.
他們說水溫這樣低的海里不可能有體型如此巨大的生物生存。
(3)He claims t have seen a rund black creature mving quickly thrugh the water.
他聲稱看見了一個圓的黑色生物在水中快速移動。
(4)The rich marine bilgical resurces, mineral resurces, chemical resurces and pwer resurces are an indispensable resurce treasure huse f human.
豐富的海洋生物資源, 礦產(chǎn)資源, 化學資源和電力資源是人類賴以生存的必不可少的資源寶庫。
(5)The main bjective f the current marine cnservatin is t prtect marine bilgical resurces. 當前海洋保護的主要目標是保護海洋生物資源。
(6)We shuld maintain the regeneratin ability f marine bilgical resurces and the natural purificatin capacity f water, preservatin f the marine eclgical balance in rder t ensure the sustainable human develpment and utilizatin f cean.
我們應該保持海洋生物資源的再生能力和水的自然凈化能力, 維護海洋生態(tài)平衡, 以確保人類的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和海洋的持續(xù)利用。
課時檢測·素養(yǎng)達標
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)語境及漢語提示寫出正確單詞
1. As a result f this westward migratin (遷移), Americans eventually ccupied the whle cntinent—frm the Atlantic t the Pacific.
2. Lk up their number in the telephne directry (目錄).
3. Carl’s starting cllege in September. Meanwhile (與此同時), he’s travelling arund Eurpe.
4. We need t make sure that we explit (開發(fā)) ur resurces as fully as pssible.
5. We drank gallns (加侖) f cffee t keep urselves awake.
6. Her husband was murdered (謀殺) by gunmen as she watched.
7. After the bat’s mtr failed, they were at the mercy (仁慈)f the weather.
8. The pssessin (擁有) f large amunts f mney des nt ensure happiness.
9. Leading ppnents (對手) f the prpsed cuts in defence spending will meet later tday.
10. Details f the crime are then lgged (記錄) in the cmputer.
11. Marine (海洋的) bilgists are cncerned abut the effects f untreated sewage that is flwing int castal waters.
12. The plice say seven peple were arrested (逮捕) fr minr ffences.
Ⅱ. 選詞填空
withut mercy, have pssessin f, be hme t, arrest ne’s attentin, as well as, take actin
1. The park is hme t bears, wlves, and ther wild animals.
2. Mark was mainly interested in sprt at schl, playing rugby as well as sccer.
3. It’s high time that we shuld take actin t prtect the water resurces.
4. At the first sign f mvement, they sht withut mercy.
5. The bright clrs f the flwers arrested his attentin.
6. Hw d human beings have pssessin f healthy physique and self-cntained mentality, when enjying affluent material life?
課時素養(yǎng)評價
九 Unit 3 Using Language
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. Change f climate must have had a pwerful influence n migratin (migrate).
2. I have in my pssessin (pssess) a letter which may be f interest t yu.
3. They have n mercy n the pr father and daughter.
4. A man is under arrest fllwing the suspicius death f his wife.
5. Fifteen millin trees had been blwn dwn by the high winds, blcking (blck) rads, paths and railway lines.
6. What makes his parents wrried is nt his grades but that he hasn’t any interest in learning.
7. Many chemicals have a damaging (damage) effect n the envirnment.
8. Bth f them have been thrugh an awful lt and hpefully (hpeful) nw I can help them rebuild their lives.
9. The audience applauded(applause) their favrite singer as she came n the stage.
10. There is nthing but criticism fr the untrue cverage(cver) f the ftball game n the website.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. They were lst at the sea, at the mercy f the wind and weather.
他們在海上迷了路, 任憑風和天氣的擺布。
2. We can’t take pssessin f the huse until all the papers have been signed.
所有的文件都簽字以后, 我們才能擁有這房子。
3. As I lked thrugh the bk, several printing mistakes arrested my sight.
我翻閱這本書時發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾個印刷錯誤。
4. They may be able t help with childcare s that yu can have a break.
他們可以幫忙照料孩子, 這樣你就可以歇一歇了。
5. Scientists have been explring space, and meanwhile manned submersibles are being imprved underwater.
科學家們一直在探索太空, 同時載人潛艇也在水下改進。
Ⅰ. 閱讀理解
A
We knw mre abut the surface f the planet Mars than we knw abut what is at the bttm f Earth’s ceans. Until recently, scientists had mapped nly abut 20 percent f the sea flr. But ur knwledge f the deep seas is changing because f infrmatin frm satellites. Scientists have prduced a new map that prvides a detailed picture f the ceans.
The new map is twice as detailed as the map made 20 years ag. David Sandwell is a gephysics prfessr at the Scripps Institutin f Oceangraphy at the University f Califrnia. He and ther scientists wrked n the mapping prject. He says they turned t space t lk deeper int the cean.
“The way we’re ding that is t use a satellite altimeter(測高儀), a radar t map the tpgraphy(地形) f the cean surface. That is because the cean surface tpgraphy is different because f gravitatinal(引力的) effects. ”
The scientists cllected and studied infrmatin frm tw satellites. One was the Eurpean Space Agency’s Cry-2 satellite that was placed in Earth’s rbit t watch sea ice. The ther satellite is the American space agency’s Jasn-1, studying the surface f the ceans. Scientists cmbined the satellite data with images gathered by equipment n ships. The equipment wrks by sending sund waves thrugh the water. When the sund waves hit an bject, its presence is cnfirmed.
The new map shws the sea flr as it has never been seen befre. It shws thusands f underwater muntains and places where cntinents pulled apart. It shws where earthquakes were active many years ag. In ne place, three muntain ridges(山脊) jin at the same area. “It’s called the Indian Ocean Triple Junctin. It’s ne f my favrite spts in the cean. Yu have three plates—the African plate, and the Ind-Australian plate and the Antarctic plate—all cnnected at this ne pint in the center f the Indian Ocean, ” says David Sandwell.
The map is a pwerful tl fr thse interested in prtecting the envirnment and fr il explratin. It als can help ships travel safely and imprve scientific prjects wrldwide. Of curse, scientists will make many mre discveries as they examine the new map and the infrmatin it prvides.
【文章大意】本文是說明文。講述科學家繪制了海底面積百分之二十的地圖, 得益于衛(wèi)星傳來的信息, 有助于我們對于深海的了解更加詳細。
1. We can we the success f the new mapping prject t .
A. the details f the ld map
B. Eurpe’s cperatin with America
C. scientists’ cntinual measuring wrk under the sea
D. the applicatin f radar and sund wave measuring equipment
【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的The way we’re ding that is t use a satellite altimeter, a radar t map the tpgraphy f the cean surface和第四段的The equipment wrks by sending sund waves thrugh the water. When the sund waves hit an bject, its presence is cnfirmed. 可知, 我們可以把新的繪圖項目的成功歸功于雷達和聲波測量設備的應用。故選D。
2. What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. They hped t use space technlgy t map the cean flr.
B. They wanted the satellite t prduce the map.
C. They had never explred the deeper cean.
D. They decided t search the uter space.
【解析】選A。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文David Sandwell教授說的The way we’re ding that is t use. . . different because f gravitatinal effects. 可知, 畫線部分說的是他們求助于太空來更深入地探索海洋, 也就是希望利用空間技術(shù)繪制海底地圖。故選A。
3. What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 4?
A. The functin f sund waves.
B. The differences f tw satellites.
C. The difficulties f mapping the ceans
D. The prcess f mapping the cean flr.
【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知, 本段講述科學家們從兩顆衛(wèi)星收集和研究信息?？茖W家將衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)與船上設備收集的圖像結(jié)合起來。因此推斷本段主要講述繪制海床的過程。故選D。
4. The fifth paragraph is used t .
A. shw the discvery thrugh the new map
B. prve the earthquakes were active under the cean
C. explain hw the cean flr develped
D. intrduce what the underwater muntains were like
【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的The new map shws the sea flr . . . many years ag. 可知, 本段被用來展示新地圖的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。
B
“Shine in the dark” dlphins may seem like smething straight ut f a science fictin mvie. Hwever, that is precisely what Newprt Castal Adventures’ Captain Ryan Lawler and prfessinal videgrapher Patrick Cyne witnessed, when they set ut t explre the spectacular blue tides that have been lighting up the waters ff Suthern Califrnia’s cast since mid-April.
The partner scanned the cean fr hurs and was returning t shre when they sptted the “electric” dlphins swimming thrugh the blm f shining planktn(浮游生物). The videgrapher, wh had seen the phenmenn nly nce befre in a Netflix shw, says catching the scenes prved t be a lt harder than he had expected. “Fr starters, the shining planktn has sweet spts t where it shws up and then fades away, s while n the water, it’s impssible t just find it, ” Cyne says. “Als, cnditins have t be abslutely perfect fr the shining planktn t shw and fr animals t swim thrugh it s we can film it. ”
Thugh witnessing shining sea life is rare, the electrifying blue cean scenery is a fairly cmmn sight arund Suthern Califrnia between February and September. The phenmenn can be attributed t the presence f millins f planktn, which tend t gather and reprduce in large quantities in the warm castal waters during this time.
Thugh a majrity f Califrnia’s red tides are caused by planktn species that d nt prduce deadly pisn, sme algal blms(藻花)can be dangerus fr sea animals, especially when they stay fr lng perids f time. In 2018, an almst year-lng “red tide” alng Flrida’s Gulf cast caused by the excessive grwth f micralgae Karenia Brevis, killed hundreds f fish and ther sea animals.
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了發(fā)光的浮游生物, 以及說明了浮游生物過度生長會導致海洋生物的死亡。
5. What des the underlined phrase “sweet spts” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. A sea plant.
B. A lst wrld.
C. A perfect mment.
D. A missing camera.
【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。由第二段中的“Fr starters, the shining planktn . . . it’s impssible t just find it, ”可知, 發(fā)光的浮游生物在它們出現(xiàn)和消失的地方都有自己的閃光點, “sweet spts”指的是浮游生物出現(xiàn)和消失的地方, 是一個完美的時刻。故選C項。
6. What is the main reasn fr the sea life shining?
A. They absrb the light in the cean and then reflect it.
B. They are surrunded by millins f shining planktn.
C. They swim thrugh the cean with electricity in large quantities.
D. They benefit frm the warm water t pwer themselves.
【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Thugh witnessing shining sea life is rare. . . during this time. ”可知, 海洋生物發(fā)光的主要原因是, 它們被數(shù)百萬閃亮的浮游生物包圍著。故選B項。
7. What caused the death f sme sea animals accrding t the text?
A. Red tides.
B. Human explratin.
C. Warm water.
D. Algal blms.
【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Thugh a majrity f Califrnia’s red tides. . . killed hundreds f fish and ther sea animals. ”可知, 造成海洋生物死亡的原因是藻類的繁殖。故選D項。
8. In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Science.
B. Health.
C. Entertainment.
D. Educatin.
【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知, 文章介紹了發(fā)光的浮游生物, 以及說明了浮游生物過度生長會導致海洋生物的死亡。可以推斷, 這篇說明文可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學版面。故選A項。
Ⅱ. 閱讀填句
Beginning with Chinese effrts t explre and cnnect with Central Asia, the Silk Rad cnsisted f massive small rutes and was named after the silk clth the Chinese prduced. 1 Thrugh these rutes, Chinese silk, prcelain, lacquer wrk and irnware were shipped t the West, while pepper, flax, spices, grape and pmegranate entered China.
2 They prmted flw f knwledge as well. Arab astrnmy, calendar and medicine fund their way t China, while China’s fur great inventins and silkwrm breeding spread t ther parts f the wrld. 3 Fr example, Buddhism riginated in India, blssmed in China and was enriched in Sutheast Asia. Cnfucianism, which was brn in China, gained appreciatin by Eurpean thinkers such as Leibniz and Vltaire. Herein lies the appeal f mutual (相互的) learning.
The ancient silk rutes witnessed the busy scenes f visits and trade ver land and ships calling at prts. Alng these majr rutes, capital, technlgy and peple flwed freely. 4 The ancient prsperus cities and prts develped, s did the Rman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdms. The Han and Tang Dynasties f China entered the glden age. The ancient silk rutes brught prsperity t these regins and cntributed t their develpment.
Sme regins alng the ancient Silk Rad used t be a land f milk and hney. Yet tday, these places are ften assciated with cnflict, crisis and challenge. 5 Nw, the Belt and Rad Initiative intends t build an pen platfrm f cperatin and a brad cmmunity f shared interests. It will nt nly achieve ecnmic grwth and balanced develpment, but als cnnect different civilizatins. Mutual understanding, mutual respect, and mutual trust amng different cuntries will be bsted.
A. Mre imprtantly, ideas were als exchanged.
B. The ancient silk rutes were nt nly fr trade.
C. Gds, resurces and benefits were widely shared.
D. Such state f affairs shuld nt be allwed t cntinue.
E. Hwever, silk was just ne f many gds traded n these rutes.
F. Large empires prvided stability and prtectin fr the trade rutes.
G. The Silk Rad was never an actual rad, r even a single massive trade rute.
【文章大意】本文是說明文, 介紹了絲綢之路的發(fā)展歷史和意義, 不僅有物資貿(mào)易, 也有知識傳播和觀念的交流?，F(xiàn)在的“一帶一路”提供了一個合作、均衡發(fā)展的平臺。
1. 【解析】選E。此處是詞匯復現(xiàn)線索。根據(jù)后一句“通過這些路線, 中國絲綢、瓷器、漆器和鐵器被運往西方, 而辣椒、亞麻、香料、葡萄和石榴進入中國”可知此段說的是絲綢之路上物資的貿(mào)易。silk是詞匯復現(xiàn)。選項E意為: 然而, 絲綢只是在這些路線上交易的許多商品之一。故選E項。
2. 【解析】選B。此處是邏輯線索和代詞指代。后一句as well 表示遞進關(guān)系, nt nly與as well 相關(guān)聯(lián)。選項B意為: 古代絲綢之路不僅是為了貿(mào)易。They指代the ancient silk rutes。故選B項。
3. 【解析】選A?？蘸笈e例“Buddhism佛教、Cnfucianism儒家思想”說明絲綢之路上觀念的交流。選項A引出下一句的話題, 意為: 更重要的是, 還交流了觀點。故選A項。
4. 【解析】選C。此處是詞匯線索。前一句“資本、技術(shù)和人員自由流動(flwed freely)”和選項C中were widely shared 意思相關(guān)聯(lián)。選項C意為: 商品、資源和利益被廣泛分享。故選C項。
5. 【解析】選D。此處是代詞指代線索。 空前一句“然而今天, 這些地方往往與沖突、危機和挑戰(zhàn)聯(lián)系在一起”。選項D中such state f affairs 指代上一句中陳述的狀況。選項D意為: 這種狀況不應繼續(xù)下去。故選D項。
主題活動·遷移應用
Ⅰ. 語用功能表達
描寫海洋的詞匯
sea海; pen sea遠海; cean大洋; inlet小灣; bay海灣, 灣; gulf海灣; cve灣; cape海角; prmntry, headland海角, 岬; cliff懸崖峭壁; prt, harbur(美作: harbr)港; bay, radstead碇泊; sandbank沙灘; beach海灘; strait海峽; isthmus地峽; reef礁石; key暗礁; sandbar沙洲; tide潮; wave浪; undertw回頭浪; tempest風暴; grund swell 涌浪; seaquake海震, 海嘯; lwwater最低水位; territrial waters領海, 領水; ice fle 冰川; ice berg冰山; shre海岸; bank河岸; estuary湖港區(qū); delta三角洲; muth 河口; current, watercurse水流; stream, brk小溪; trrent湍流山溪; rapids急流; surce源頭; spring泉; bed河床; fld洪水; flw泛濫; swelling, freshet河水猛漲, 漲水; basin流域; tributary支流; cnfluent匯合點; meander河曲; canal運河; waterfall, falls, cascade瀑布; cataract大瀑布
Ⅱ. 話題情景交流
Mark: S Srie, 1. firstly, talking abut cean sprts and being n the cean (首先, 我們來談談海上運動以及在海上游玩). Maybe yu culd talk abut yur cean swimming experience in Ogasawara.
Srie: Yeah, I lve swimming. It’s s peaceful t be there in the cean. And the cean in Ogasawara was very clear and 2. meanwhile yu culd see s many fishes (并且與此同時, 你可以看到很多魚類) and I’d lve t g swimming and immersed in the cean. It was like anther wrld. It was very beautiful. But later n.
Mark: What happened?
Srie: 3. It began when my friends had cme t visit and s, we went fishing (這件事發(fā)生在我朋友過來看我, 我們?nèi)メ烎~的時候). But befre they started fishing, I decided t g fr a swim. And I swam, and I culd see all the way t the bttm f the cean. 4. And at that time, I saw this fish but they were actually nt fish, they were sharks (在那時候我看到了一種魚, 其實那并不是魚, 那是鯊魚). They were white-tipped sharks.
Mark: Ww.
Srie: There were fur f them at the bttm f the cean. And I just remember that ne yu have t d is t keep calm. S I did that. After that I swam ut. 5. I tld my friends, “There are fur sharks dwn there, s get me ut f here” (我告訴我的朋友們, “海底有四只鯊魚, 快帶我離開這里”). S they gt me ut f there but my heart was beating s fast. I was s scared.
Mark: Were they dangerus? Thse sharks?
Srie: Well, they’re nt dangerus. They might be able t bite a finger ff but I didn’t want that t happen either. S as sn as I saw them, I came ut f the place. Yeah, but that was s scary.
Mark: Ww. Oh, it sunds beautiful and amazing and dangerus all the same time. (1)Sea explratin has caused many prblems
▲ Mre explratin means mre (2)pllutin.
▲ (3)Mining fr resurces is very damaging.
▲ (4)Overfishing is anther prblem.
Sea explratin is imprtant fr ur (5)future.
Mre research is (6)necessary.
We need new (7)resurces fr future develpment.
(8)Envirnmental risks shuld be balanced with ecnmic needs.
The prblems f explring sea
Mre explratin means mre
(1)pllutin
▲Gallns f il is spilled int the sea
▲Plastic pllutin
Mining fr resurces is very
(2)damaging
★Climate change makes (3)ice less
★Lk fr mre fssil fuels further nrth
★The ice will melt mre
(4)Overfishing is anther prblem
Sea explratin is imprtant fr ur future.
Help address imprtant issues such as (5)climate change
Understanding mre abut the sea
Help us manage its (6)resurces better
Lgging new (7)species
Imprve ur understanding f life n the earth.
Accessing the deep cean
Help us t predict (8)events such as earthquakes
◆New resurces fr grwing (9)ppulatin
◆Mre resurces under sea and ice
◆Balance the (10)ecnmic needs and envirnmental risks

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