
介詞是一種虛詞,用來(lái)表示詞與詞之間,詞與句之間的關(guān)系,在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。 中考對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在: (1)表示時(shí)間的介詞; (2)表示方位和運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞; (3)常用介詞用法辨析; (4)介詞與其他詞類的搭配。
1. in(1) 在……時(shí)間內(nèi)(星期、月、季節(jié)、年份;上午,下午,晚上): in March, in Spring, in the mrning(2) 在大地點(diǎn)范圍內(nèi): in China, in the wrld(3) 在一段時(shí)間后: I will return t my hmetwn in a week.(4) 用……語(yǔ)言: Can yu say it in English?(5) 穿……衣服: The wman in blue is my mther.(6) 在某方面:His brther des well in maths.
考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法
2. n(1) 在……上方(與物體有接觸): There is a bk n my desk.(2) 在……時(shí)間(具體某一天): n Mnday, n May Day, n a spring mrning(3) 關(guān)于……: This lecture is n science.(4) 在……一邊: n the left, n the right3. at(1) 在……地點(diǎn)(較小的地方): at the airprt, at hme, at schl
(2) 在……時(shí)間點(diǎn): at 4 ’clck, at this time(3) 在…… 方面: She is gd at dancing.(4) 朝……方向: pint at the tree(5) 表示速度與價(jià)格: Yu shuld drive a car at a high speed.(6) 對(duì)……感到(情緒): He is surprised at the news.4. by乘坐交通工具: We ften g t wrk by bus.(2) 用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): The cake is made by myself.
(3) 通過(guò)……方式: We imprve ur English by speaking as much as pssibly.(4) 在……附近: The lady is sitting by the windw.(5) 用…… 時(shí)間之前: They had finished the task by ten last night. (6) 從……旁邊經(jīng)過(guò): Lauran passes by the pst ffice every day.5. fr(1) 一段時(shí)間: We have stayed here fr a week.
(2) 為,給,適合于(對(duì)象): These bks are suitable fr children.(3) 由于,表示原因: Plar bears can’t feel cld fr its warm cat.(4) 對(duì)于……: Swimming is gd fr ur bdy.(5) 前往某地: They will leave fr Lndn tmrrw.6. f(1) 表從屬關(guān)系,屬于……: a friend f his
(2) 由于,因?yàn)椋?die f disease/because f her illness (3) 某部分,或全部: Every f them passed this exam.(4) 表示某種性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容: a basket f apples(5) 表示數(shù)量和種類: all kinds f flwers, a cup f tea(6) 關(guān)于,對(duì)于: hear f(7) 表示同位: a city f Beijing
7. abut (1) 大約: It is abut 100 meters high.(2) 關(guān)于: The film is abut scientists.8. ver(1) 在……上方: There is a bridge ver the river.(2) 超過(guò): Over 10 students g t schl by bike in ur class.(3) 越過(guò): climb ver the high muntain(4) 遍布于: all ver the wrld
9. t(1) 給……: Please give histry bk t me.(2) 對(duì)……: be kind t sb.(3) 到……: g t the z(4) 差多少時(shí)間: twenty t five10. with (1) 和……一起: My brther smetimes plays ftball with me.(2) 有……: (表伴隨狀態(tài)): a girl with a pair f glasses/a huse with three rms
(3) 用……工具: cut watermelns with knives(4) 隨著: With these wrds, the man came int the rm.11. withut沒(méi)有: I went t wrk withut breakfast this mrning.12. 穿過(guò),通過(guò),經(jīng)過(guò):(1) acrss (表面通過(guò)): The dg swam acrss the ther side f river.
(2) thrugh (空間中穿過(guò)): The red car ges fast thrugh the tunnel.(3) past (路過(guò),經(jīng)過(guò)): half past nine13. since(1) 自從……以來(lái): since then, since 1949(2) 由于,既然: He was late fr schl since he gt a cld.
14.除了……(1) besides (包含在內(nèi),除……之外還有): We are all here besides Tm. (包括Tm在內(nèi)大家都到了。)(2) except (除外): We are all here except Tm. (除了Tm之外,大家都到了。)(3) but: 相當(dāng)于except,但but通常與表示否定的不定代詞連用。There is a nthing in the rm but a bed.
(4) except fr (表示整體除去其中的一部分): Her cmpsitin is gd except fr a few spelling mistakes.15. after(1) 在……之后:After schl, Simn jined the army.(2) 跟隨: run after16. befre(1) 在……地點(diǎn)之前: He std befre me.
(2) 在……時(shí)間之前: I didn’t g t bed befre I finished the hmewrk.17.behind (在……后面):a blm behind the dr18.beside (在……旁邊):a park beside my huse19.在……之間(1) between (兩者之間): I sit between Lucy and Lily.(2) amng (三者或以上之間): I am sitting amng the trees.
20. arund(1)大約: She is arund 30 years ld.(2)在……周圍,環(huán)繞著: The mn ges arund the earth.21. as 作為: As a student, I shuld bey the schl rules.22. under 在……下方: a ball under the table
1.與動(dòng)詞搭配:cnsist f 由……組成 dream f 夢(mèng)想 get rid f 擺脫 think f (abut)思考 instead f 代替; 而不是 be made f (r frm) 由……制成receive frm 接到 suffer frm 生……(?。? separate frm 把……分開(kāi) believe in 相信 be interested in 有興趣 base n 在……基礎(chǔ)上 depend n 依靠 rely n 依靠 belng t屬于
考點(diǎn)2 常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配
challenge t 向……挑戰(zhàn) cmpare with 與……比較 listen t 聽(tīng) prefer t 更喜歡 arrive at (in) 到達(dá) lk at 看 stare at 盯……看 ask fr 請(qǐng)求 aplgize fr 因……道歉lk fr 尋找 pay fr 為……付款 prepare fr 準(zhǔn)備 search fr 尋求 thank fr 感謝 wait fr 等候agree with 同意 cmmunicate with 與……交流
考點(diǎn) 2 常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配
2.與名詞搭配:at first 首先 at last 最后 at that mment 在那時(shí)刻 at table 在吃飯 at mst 至多 at least 至少at hme 在家 at schl 在學(xué)校 by accident 偶然;意外地by bus 乘坐公交車 all kinds f 各種各樣的 by the way順便提一下in the end 最后;終于 in fact事實(shí)上 in time 及時(shí) in surprise 驚訝地
in all 總共 in truble 處于困境in a hurry 匆忙地 in the pen air 在戶外 in line 排成一行 in bed 在床上 in hspital 在醫(yī)院 n ft步行n the way t 在去……的途中 n duty 值日 n hlidays 在假期里n shw 展出;展覽 n ne’s wn 獨(dú)自地 n time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)with the help f在……的幫助下t ne’s surprise 使……驚訝的是
3.與其他詞搭配:be angry with 生某人的氣 be keen n 喜愛(ài) be fnd f 喜歡be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣 be happy with 對(duì)……感到滿意be famus fr 因……而聞名 be busy with 忙于……be amazed at 對(duì)……感到驚異 be made f 由……制成(可看到原材料)be made frm由……制成(不能看到原材料)
be made by 由……制造be made int 被制造成…… be made up f 由……組成be made in 在……制造 be late fr 遲到 be prud f 為……感到驕傲be strict abut/with 對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格 be different frm 與……不同be shrt f 缺乏…… be sure f 確信
be ashamed f 感到羞恥 lk after 照顧 take care f 照顧 d well in 在某方面做得好cme up with 想出 catch up with 趕上;追上 get n well with 與……相處融洽
1. in the mrning/afternn/evening 在早上/下午/晚上n a cld mrning 在某個(gè)寒冷的早上 (某天的早上)2. in frnt f 在(范圍外的)前面in the frnt f 在(范圍內(nèi)的)前面3. in 和after 接一段時(shí)間表示“在……之后”,前者用將來(lái)時(shí),后者用過(guò)去時(shí)。The bys will return t hmetwn in an hur.The bys went t the hmetwn after an hur.
考點(diǎn) 3 介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)
4. by, in和with 表示“用”, by表示用“手段、方法”; in表示用“語(yǔ)言”; with表示用“工具”。We can cmmunicate by bdy language.He can read it in English.Cpy dwn these with pens.5. acrss指從物體表面通過(guò); thrugh指從物體空間穿過(guò)。They walked acrss the rad quickly.They walked thrugh the frest safely.
6. except 除外……; besides 除……之外,還有……Students g t schl every day except Saturday and Sunday.Besides swimming, I like jgging.7. between (兩者之間); amng (三者或以上之間)There is a bridge between Lndn and Paris.The ld man is sitting amng the kids.
8. in, n, t 表示方位,但含義不同。Shenzhen lies in the suth f Guangdng prvince.Guangdng lies n the suth f Hunan.Japan lies t the east f China.9. fr 接時(shí)間段,since 接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。He has been in the city fr a lng time.He has been in the city since tw days ag.
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