非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高考必考點(diǎn),《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試大綱》附錄語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表中對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞列了三項(xiàng):動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。
2015年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ第68題和70題(語(yǔ)法填空)分別考查了過去分詞cnducted和現(xiàn)在分詞living做后置定語(yǔ)。
2016年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ第66題和67題(語(yǔ)法填空)分別考查了過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。
2017年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ第63題和68題(語(yǔ)法填空)分別考查了動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)和動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞,其中分詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以充當(dāng)除了謂語(yǔ)之外的其他成分,如下表:
動(dòng)詞不定式
一、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式
動(dòng)詞不定式的用法
動(dòng)詞不定式可以充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)之外的所有句子成分,動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。
1.作主語(yǔ)
(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ),一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①T see is t believe.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②T master English is f great imprtance.
(2)不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成“It is + adj+fr sb.+t d”結(jié)構(gòu),或It is +adj+fr sth +t be dne。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is impssible fr him t give up smking.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is nt easy t find yur way in the muntain.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It is difficult fr the prblem t be slved.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④It is impssible fr my questin t be answered in his absence.
2.作賓語(yǔ)
(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常跟在某些及物動(dòng)詞后面,常見的有:agree,dare,decide,expect,help,hpe,learn,manage,ffer,pretend,prmise,refuse,want, intend, fail, wish, chse等。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I mean t g there at nce.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We must learn t tell friends frm enemies.
(2)不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),往往把不定式短語(yǔ)放在賓補(bǔ)之后,而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。句型為“主語(yǔ)+find (feel, think, believe, cnsider,etc) +it+形容詞/名詞+t d sth”。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I think it necessary t reprt the thing t the teacher.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I find it interesting t wrk with him.
(3)動(dòng)詞不定式還可以用作介詞except、but和besides的賓語(yǔ),如果介詞前為動(dòng)詞d的某種形式,則后面接不帶t的不定式,否則帶t。cannt chse but、cannt help but和cannt but后的不定式也省略t。常用句型有:
There is nthing t d but+d 例如:
There is nthing t d but wait.
d nthing but/except+d 例如:
We can d nthing but wait.
cannt help/chse but+d 例如:
We cannt chse but wait.
have n chice but t d 例如:
We have n chice but t wait.
3.作表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ),常放在系動(dòng)詞之后,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,主語(yǔ)常常是表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞,如wish,task,purpse,duty,jb等。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①T teach is t learn.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②My jb is t help the patient.
【注意】如果在主語(yǔ)中(通常在主語(yǔ)從句或修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句中)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞d時(shí),作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式省略t。例如:
All I want t d nw (What I want t d nw) is fill my stmach.
4.作定語(yǔ)
不定式可以放在名詞、代詞、序數(shù)詞、the nly和形容詞最高級(jí)等后面作定語(yǔ)。常被不定式修飾的名詞有:chance,need,prmise,time,pprtunity,way等。不定式常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
(1)不定式與被修飾的名詞往往構(gòu)成邏輯上的關(guān)系。如果不定式與該句的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,則不定式用主動(dòng)形式;如果不定式與該句的主語(yǔ)不構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,則不定式用被動(dòng)形式。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is nt a man t tell lies.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There will nt be enugh space t stand in n the earth.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③--- I will g hme tmrrw,d yu have anything t be taken t yur parents?
---N,thanks.
(2)作定語(yǔ)的不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 而且不定式動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),應(yīng)在該動(dòng)詞上加上一個(gè)介詞。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He has a nice pen t write with.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He is lking fr a rm t live in.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It is said that the best way t travel by is n ft.
5.作狀語(yǔ)
不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。例如:
I’m very glad t hear the news. (原因)
不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常可構(gòu)成in rder t, s as t 例如:
He gt up early s as nt t be late.
不定式可以跟在表語(yǔ)的形容詞之后作狀語(yǔ)。例如:
The questin is difficult t answer.
有些不定式短語(yǔ)可以做獨(dú)立成份,通常放在句首,有時(shí)置于句中或句未,須用逗號(hào)的開,如:t begin with,t be hnest,t tell yu the truth等。例如:
T be hnest,my English is pr.
不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用如下句型:
T + 形容詞/副詞 + t d sth 例如:
He is t yung t g t schl.
形容詞/副詞 + enugh + t d sth 例如:
He is ld enugh t dress himself.
enugh+名詞 +t d sth 例如:
I have enugh mney t buy a car.
such +(形容詞)名詞 +as t d sth 例如:
He is such a clever by as t wrk ut the questin quickly.
s + 形容詞/副詞 + as t d sth 例如:
He is s clever a by as t wrk ut the questin quickly.
【注意】不定式作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)必須一致。
【注意】不定式可以放在nly后面表示未曾預(yù)料的結(jié)果。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He hurried t the railway statin,nly t find that the train had left.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I gt t his huse ,nly t be tld that he wasn’t in.
6.作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)),有兩種情況:
(1)接帶t的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:ask, tell, invite, frce, get, beg, allw, help, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, expect, encurage, advise, persuade, instruct, permit, request, rder, warn, cause, urge, call n, depend n, lng fr, wait fr等,構(gòu)成V+sb.+t d結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I didn’t mean yu t hear it.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are lnging fr the new term t begin.
(2)在感官動(dòng)詞(see, hear, feel, listen t , ntice, watch, bserve等)和使役動(dòng)詞(let, have,make )后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中,不定式不帶t。但這類句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),必須帶t。(注意:let, have不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I saw him play in the park.
→He was seen t play in the park.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The bss made thse men wrk day and night.
→Thse men were made t wrk day and night.
注意:tell、advise等動(dòng)詞后面可以接“連接代詞或連接副詞+t d”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:
Yu did nt tell me hw t prnunce the wrd.
動(dòng)名詞
動(dòng)名詞的基本形式是由動(dòng)詞末尾加-ing形式構(gòu)成,動(dòng)名詞具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化;名詞的特點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在它可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
一、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和否定形式
動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)有一般式和完成式;語(yǔ)態(tài)有主動(dòng)和語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);動(dòng)名詞的否定式是直接在其前面加上nt。以d為例,列表說(shuō)明如下:
動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常是一般性的動(dòng)作,即不是明確地發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作,或者是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I am interested in playing basketball.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He didn’t mentin having met yu at the meeting.
動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果句子的主語(yǔ)是該動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者,即句子的主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)形式。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She didn’t mind being left at hme.(句子的主語(yǔ)she與動(dòng)詞leave構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且動(dòng)作基本同時(shí)發(fā)生。)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I frgt having been tld abut it. (句子的主語(yǔ)I與動(dòng)詞tell構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。)
二、動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)法功能
1.作主語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)可以放在句首,有時(shí)候也可以用it做形式主語(yǔ),常常構(gòu)成一些固定句型,如:It’s a waste f time ding...;It’s n use/gd ding...例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Teaching is my full-time jb.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Writing an English cmpsitin is nt easy.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It’s a waste f time arguing with him.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④It’s n use taking this kind f medicine.
2.作賓語(yǔ):
(1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有:resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep、lk frward t、enjy、include、appreciate、imagine、practice、finish、succeed in、cnsider、can’t help、miss等。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have just finished ding my hme wrk.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I suggested asking his brther fr sme mney.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He keeps buying expensive maps.
【注意】以下幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)和跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)意義不同:mean,remember,stp,frget,regret,try,g n。
frgeteq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.忘記要做某事,ding sth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事))
regreteq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾?未做?,ding sth.對(duì)做過的事表示后悔?已做?))
tryeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.盡力去做某事,ding sth.試著做某事))
g neq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事,ding sth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事))
remembereq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.記著去做某事?未做?,ding sth.記著做了某事?已做?))
meaneq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.打算做某事,ding sth. 意味著做某事))
t d sth.停下來(lái)去做某事
stp
ding sth.停止做某事
例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Please stp talking.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Let’s stp t have a rest.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I regret telling him the secret.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④I regret t tell yu that yu have missed the exam.
(2)作介詞的賓語(yǔ),常用于固定短語(yǔ)和句型中。如:be/get used t,,lk frward t,pay attentin t,get dwn t,think f,be prud f,,,be engaged in,feel like以及have sme/n/any difficulty(truble) in, have fun(pleasure) in, have a gd(hard) time,there is n need/use/gd/harm/hurry(in)等。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We are thinking f making a new plan fr the next term.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There is n need arguing with him.
3.作表語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的主語(yǔ)常常是表示無(wú)生命的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等關(guān)系,表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)可互換位置。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①M(fèi)y jb is teaching. = Teaching is my jb.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Her full-time jb is laying eggs.
=Laying eggs is her full-time jb.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③What I hate mst is being laughed at.
4.作定語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示性質(zhì)或用途。
a washing machine = a machine fr washing
a swimming pl = a pl fr swimming
分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)
過去分詞只有一種形式,即dne,沒有其他變化形式,而現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。如下表所示(以d為例)。
分詞的語(yǔ)法功能:
1. 作定語(yǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ),可以表示名詞的用途,也可以表示主動(dòng)意義或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài),此時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。過去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成。一般而言,單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)要放在被修飾詞之前,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞之后。例如:
a develping cuntry = a cuntry which is develping
a sleeping by= a by wh is sleeping
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The man standing at the windw is ur teacher.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② Plluted air and water are harmful t peple's health.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The building built last year was a hspital.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④The meeting being held nw is very imprtant.
【注意】如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞有先后,一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ),而用定語(yǔ)從句,即現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動(dòng)式having dne以及完成被動(dòng)式having been dne不能作定語(yǔ)。如,我們不能說(shuō):
I have heard f the accident having happened yesterday.而是用定語(yǔ)從句代替:I have heard f the accident that happened yesterday.
再如,我們不能說(shuō):
I didn’t find my wallet having been stlen.而用定語(yǔ)從句:
I didn’t find my wallet which had been stlen.
2. 作狀語(yǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。表時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨(方式)等。
特點(diǎn):1.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致. 2. 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while 或when 引導(dǎo)。3.如果主語(yǔ)不一致,要采用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式ding和完成主動(dòng)式having dne作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。ding表示的動(dòng)作和句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作基本同時(shí)發(fā)生或現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生;having dne則表示其動(dòng)作先于句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Hearing the bell,the students entered the classrm.(時(shí)間)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Hearing the cry fr help, he rushed ut.(時(shí)間)
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③While reading the bk, he ndded frm time t time.(時(shí)間)
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Having finished his wrk,he went hme.(時(shí)間)
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Seeing frm the hill, yu can get the whle twn.(條件)
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Nt having received an answer,he decided t write anther letter.(原因)
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦The students ran ut f the classrm, talking and laughing .(伴隨)
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧Ftball is played all arund the wrld, making it the mst ppular sprt.(結(jié)果)
過去分詞dne和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式having been dne作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。而且表示的動(dòng)作在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Given(=Having been given)a wrng number,I culdn’t cntact him ver the phne.(原因)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Having been warned many times,they became mre and mre careful in ding the jb.(時(shí)間)
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Seen frm the hill, the whle twn is beautiful.(條件)
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Nt satisfied with the result, we decided t d the experiment again.(原因)
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤He entered the rm,fllwed by his girlfriend .(伴隨)
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥If allwed, he wuld eat all the fd in the huse.(條件)
【注意】分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如果分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致,則通常在它前面加上它的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),即“n. + -ed/-ing”。(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)前面帶有邏輯主語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)的代詞又是主格,故常稱為“獨(dú)立主格”。)例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Her wrk finished(=After her wrk had been finished), she sat dwn fr a cup f tea.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There being n taxis(=Because there was n taxis), we had t walk.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will g n an uting tmrrw.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④An imprtant lecture t be given tmrrw (=Because an imprtant lecture will be given tmrrw), the prfessr has t stay up late int the night.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤He was lying n the grass,his hands crssed under his head(=and his hands were crssed under his head)
有時(shí)也用"with(withut)+名詞(或代詞賓格)+分詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
補(bǔ)充:其他形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(n. +不定式; n. +介詞短語(yǔ); n. +形容詞; n. +副詞)例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is ging t make a mdel plane, sme ld parts t help.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The by ges t the classrm,bk in hand.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③S many peple absent, the meeting had t be called ff.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④The meeting ver, they all went hme.
作賓補(bǔ):
現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征:一是賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞之間與主語(yǔ)之間有主謂關(guān)系;二是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有:make、let、have、lk at、see、watch、hear、listen t、ntice、feel。(三讓、三看、兩聽、注意感覺)。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I heard the girl singing in the classrm.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I saw a lng queue utside the bank waiting fr it t pen.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The baby watched his dad shaving his face with interest.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We saw the teacher making the experiment .
過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征:一是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;二是不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有主謂關(guān)系,多用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。能借過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有:have,make,see,hear,find,leave,want等。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I've never heard the sng sung in English.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I saw the hrse tied t a tree.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Peple fund the thief escaped.
4.作表語(yǔ):分詞放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)指物,過去分詞作表語(yǔ)指人。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The mvie is inspiring.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He is inspired by the mvie.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The stry he tld us was very interesting.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④He is interested in English.
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)及語(yǔ)法填空分析與訓(xùn)練·非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析:短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要涉及不定式符號(hào) t 的有無(wú),介詞后該使用動(dòng)詞的什么形式(用動(dòng)名詞),并列結(jié)構(gòu)中幾個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否一致,動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用何種形式(可用動(dòng)名詞或不定式,但不能用動(dòng)詞原形)等。語(yǔ)法填空主要涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式選擇。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單句改錯(cuò)之真題訓(xùn)練:
1. David and I wanted g ff t find help but Bill insisted n staying near the car.
2. …rather than g int the frest and getting lst.
3.David pinted t a path which he thught wuld prbably leading t a village.
4. I went back t get David and helped him t std up.
5.Charles and Linda Masn d all f these things as well as climbed building.
6.Mdern peple knw mre abut health, have better fd, and t live in clearer surrundings.
7.The Wrld Health Organizatin and ther rganizatins are wrking imprve health all ver the wrld.
8.…yu pay the cst f send a pstcard, the librarian will write t yu.
let yu t knw when the bk yu want has returned.
10. I want t thank yu again fr have me in yur hme fr the summer hlidays.
11. I had always wanted return t the village after mving away.
12.It was very kind f them t meet me at the railway statin and drve me t their hme.
13.I lk frward t hear frm yu sn.
14. Play ftball nt nly makes us grw up tall and strng but als gives us a sense f fair play and team spirit.
15. I was ften a little tired after a day’s wrk and watch TV demands very little effrt.
16.I’d like very much cme but I have an examinatin n Mnday mrning.
17. I’ll spend the whle weekend reading and prepare fr it.
18. But then there is always mre mysteries lk int.
19.After learn the basics f the subject, nthing else seemed very practical t me.
20. My parents lve me dearly f curse and will d all they can make sure that I get a gd educatin.
21.He did nt want share things with ther peple.
22.That is, a game f tennis making him very busy.
23. As we climbed the muntain, we fed mnkeys, visiting temples and tld stries.
24. But his parents think g t cllege is mre imprtant than playing sprts.
25. …children may nt develp the habit f read and the ability t enjy themselves.
26.…t make children t want things that they dn’t really need.
27. Sn I began t enjy talk t myself n paper as I was learning t express myself in simple English.
28. Shake her head, she said,“It isn’t a gd time t d that, dear.”
29.It’s like ging t a huge library withut have t walk arund t find yur bks.
30. I am thinking f making a trip t Lndn, and visit the British Museum and sme parks.
31. I have sme recrds giving t me as birthday gifts.
32. I dream f standing n the platfrm in the classrm and give lessns t lvely bys and girls.
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單句改錯(cuò)之模擬訓(xùn)練:
1. In thse days we were frced wrk twelve hurs a day.
2. It’s very difficult fr a freigner learn Chinese.
3. It was silly f yu believe what he said.
4. He was made wash the bss’s car nce a day.
5. I’ll let yu t knw as sn as I hear frm her.
6. I waved t her but failed attract her attentin.
7. I have already seen the film twice. I dn’t want see it any mre.
8. What I want knw is when all this happened.
9. It was clear that he wanted be alne.
10.Mst children are interested in listen t stries.
11.Walk quickly is difficult fr an ld man.
12. Be careful in crss the street.
13. The film is very interesting. It is wrth see twice.
14.Find wrk is very difficult these days.
15. Mst f us students enjy ask questins in English.
16. Lk, sme f my classmates are practising speak English.
17. Teach a child t sing and dance is very interesting.
18. Learn t speak English is mre difficult than t write it.
19. My friend Jim is very gd at making things and repair things.
20. He decided t g t the suth, find a gd jb and living there.
21. It was very kind f yu t buy us s much fruit and seeing us at the statin.
22. Excuse me, wuld yu t tell me the way t the z?
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單句改錯(cuò)之提升訓(xùn)練:
1. A lt f mney has been spent t buy the bk.
2. Yu will have t pay the cst f send a pstcard.
3. What he did was puzzled.
4. I will spend a week reading and prepare fr the examinatin.
5. Charles and Linda d all f these things as well as climbed buildings.
6. Yesterday I had my bad tth pulling ut.
7. I heard her singing a sng which mved me t tears.
8. I made a terrible mistake. I regretted nt t taking yur advice.
9. When we reached the tp f the muntain, we stpped t having a rest befre we went dwn the muntain.
10. There’ll be a gd film tnight, remember t seeing it n time!
11. The game was ver, she went hme.
12. When speaking, yu must make yurself hear.
13. She pretended nt t seeing me when I came in.
14. Abraham Lincln was cnsidered t being ne f the greatest f all American presidents.
15. Fllwing by the fficers, the general inspected the army.
16. There’s smething wrng with my car, and it needs repaired.
17. Dn’t burn the falling leaves n the grund.
18. Lsing in thught, he almst ran int a car in frnt f him.
19. I enjy listen t the classic music.
20. Judge by what he wears, he is a farmer.
學(xué)習(xí)札記:
_______________________________________________________
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單句改錯(cuò)之真題訓(xùn)練:
1.wanted 后加 t,因?yàn)閣ant 后要接不定式
2. getting 改 get,因?yàn)?get 與其前的g 并列
3. leading 改為 lead,因?yàn)槠淝坝兄鷦?dòng)詞 wuld
4.std 改為 stand,因?yàn)?t stand up 在此為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
5.climbed 改為 climb / climbing,若將 as well as 視為連詞,則將 climbed 改為 climb,因?yàn)樗c其前的 d 并列;若將 as well as 視為介詞,則 climbing,因?yàn)榻樵~后動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞
6.去掉live 前的 t,因?yàn)?live 與其前的 knw, have 并列
7. imprve前加t,t imprve…為表目的的不定式短語(yǔ)
8.send改為sending,因?yàn)榻樵~后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
9.去掉 knw 前的 t,因?yàn)槠淝坝袆?dòng)詞 let
10.have改為having,因?yàn)榻樵~后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
11.return前加 t,因?yàn)?want 后要接不定式
12. drve改為 drive,因?yàn)?drive 與其前的 t meet 并列,此處的 drive 為省略 t 的不定式
13. hear改為 hearing,因?yàn)槠淝暗?t 是介詞
14. 第一個(gè)play改為 playing,因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞原形不能用作主語(yǔ)
15. watch改為 watching,因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞原形不能用作主語(yǔ)
16. cme 前加 t,因?yàn)?wuld like 后接不定式
17.prepare 改為 preparing,因?yàn)樗c其前的 reading 并列,與其前所用的動(dòng)詞 spend 有關(guān)
18.lk 前加 t,此處為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)
19.learn 改為learning,因?yàn)榻樵~后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
20.make 前加 t,因?yàn)?t make… 在此用作目的狀語(yǔ),注意句型 d all ne can t d sth
21.want 后加 t,因?yàn)閣ant 后要接不定式
22. making 改為made,因?yàn)槿敝^語(yǔ),不能用非謂語(yǔ)形式,根據(jù)上下文用一般過去時(shí)
23.visiting 改為 visited,因?yàn)樗c其前的 fed 和其后的 tld 并列
24.g 改為 ging,因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞原形不能用作主語(yǔ)
25.read 改為 reading,因?yàn)榻樵~后要接動(dòng)名詞
26.去掉 want 前的 t,因?yàn)?want…在此用作使役動(dòng)詞 make 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
27.talk 改為 talking,因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞 enjy 后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
28.Shake 改為 Shaking,現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨
29.have 改為 having,介詞后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
30.visit 改為 visiting,因visit與making并列,作介詞f的賓語(yǔ)
31.giving 改為 given,“把某物給某人”是give sth t sb;句中recrds與give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞
32. give改為giving,因它與standing并列,作dream f的賓語(yǔ)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單句改錯(cuò)之模擬訓(xùn)練:
1. wrk 前加 t,此句為 frce sb t d sth 的被動(dòng)形式。
2. learn 前加 t,此句用的是 it’s difficult fr sb t d sth 句型。
3. believe 前加 t,此句用的是 it’s silly f sb t d sth 句型。
4.wash 前加 t,make sb d sth 中的 d 不能帶t,但若 make 用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則其后的 d 要帶 t。
5. 去掉 t,因?yàn)?let 后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不能帶 t。
6. attract 前加 t,fail t d sth 意為“未能做某事”。
7.see 前加 t,want(想要)后接動(dòng)詞要用不定式。
8. knw 前加 t,want(想要)后接動(dòng)詞要用不定式。
9.be 前加 t,want(想要)后接動(dòng)詞要用不定式。
10. listen 改為 listening,介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
11. Walk 改為 Walking,用作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞,不用動(dòng)詞原形。注意不能將 walk 視為名詞,因?yàn)槠浜笥懈痹~修飾語(yǔ) quickly。
12. crss 改為 crssing,介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
13. see 改為 seeing,wrth 后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
14. Find 改為 Finding,用作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞,不用動(dòng)詞原形。
15. ask 改為 asking,enjy 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
16. speak 改為 speaking,practise 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
17. Teach 改為 Teaching,用作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞,不用動(dòng)詞原形。
18. Learn 改為 Learning,用作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞,不用動(dòng)詞原形。
19. repair 改為 repairing,因它與 making 并列,一起用作介詞 at 的賓語(yǔ)。
20. living 改為 live,因它與其前的 g t…, find… 并列。
21. seeing 改為 see,因它與 t buy 并列,see 為省略 t 的不定式。
22. 去掉 tell 前的 t,因 wuld yu… 后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形,不接不定式。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單句改錯(cuò)之提升訓(xùn)練:
1. t buy改為buying。
2. send改為sending。介詞f后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
3. puzzled改為puzzling。puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”意思。
4. prepare改為preparing。preparing和前面的 reading是并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
5. climbed改為climbing。as well as是介詞短語(yǔ),后面接動(dòng)名詞或名詞。
6. pulling改為pulled。have the tth pulled ut表示“請(qǐng)人拔牙”的意思。
7. singing改為sing。從后面可以看出來(lái),“我”聽完了整首歌曲,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程,用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。
8. 去掉t,用動(dòng)名詞表示對(duì)已發(fā)生過的事情的后悔。
9. having改為have。stp的目的是have a rest。
10. seeing改為 see。還未看電影。
11. was改為being。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
12. hear改為heard。make neself heard意為“使別人聽到自己的話”。
13. seeing改為 see。pretend后面要求接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
14. being改為be。cnsider后用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。
15. fllwing改為fllwed。過去分詞表被動(dòng)。
16. repaired 改為repairing。動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式,表被動(dòng)意義。
17. falling改為fallen。過去分詞作定語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成。
18. lsing改為lst。be lst in thught 表示“陷入深思”。
19. listen改為listening。enjy后面用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
20. Judge改為Judging。Judging by…為一固定說(shuō)法。
主語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
表語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)
狀語(yǔ)
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
不定式






動(dòng)名詞




分 詞




主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
一般式
t d
t be dne
否定式
nt t d
nt t be dne
完成時(shí)
t have dne
t have been dne
進(jìn)行式
t be ding
無(wú)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
否定式
nt ding
nt having dne
nt being dne
nt having been dne
及 物 動(dòng) 詞
不及物動(dòng)詞
主 動(dòng)
被 動(dòng)
主 動(dòng)
一般式
ding
being dne
ding
完成式
having dne
having been dne
having dne

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高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題二:代詞 Word版含解析:

這是一份高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題二:代詞 Word版含解析,共8頁(yè)。試卷主要包含了 ne, sme與any, each和every, nne和n, ther和anther等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。

英語(yǔ)朗讀寶

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高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題二:代詞 Word版含解析

高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題二:代詞 Word版含解析

高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題三:冠詞 Word版含解析

高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題三:冠詞 Word版含解析

高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題六:連詞 Word版含解析

高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題六:連詞 Word版含解析

高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題四:介詞 Word版含解析

高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練專題四:介詞 Word版含解析

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