考點09情態(tài)動詞命題趨勢
 情態(tài)動詞是初中英語里的一個重要的語法項目,也是全國各省市中考試題的考查熱點。在備戰(zhàn)中考時,考生要牢記情態(tài)動詞的結構和意義以及其表示推測時的用法。考查題型從命題形式來看,情態(tài)動詞多以單項選擇、完形填空為主。考查重點從近年的中考試題來看,情態(tài)動詞有以下考查重點。1. 情態(tài)動詞的意義;2. 情態(tài)動詞的基本句型;3. 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。概述:情態(tài)動詞態(tài)動詞(Modal verbs)本身有一定的詞義,但不完整,不能獨立作謂語,只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語。情態(tài)動詞用在行為動詞前,它們表示說話人的能力、說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞雖然數(shù)量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must等。情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,情態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞須用原形,否定式構成是在情態(tài)動詞后面加 "not"。個別情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式,過去式用來表達更加客氣,委婉的語氣,時態(tài)性不強,可用于過去,現(xiàn)在或將來。情態(tài)動詞屬非及物動詞,故沒有被動語態(tài)。例如:I can dance.(我會跳舞。)can, , He can’t walk because he is a baby.(因為他是個嬰兒,不會走路。)can’t, 不必May I come in?(我可以進來嗎?)may, 可以情態(tài)動詞用法詳解情態(tài)動詞用法例句can/could表示能力,意為"能,會"I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英語讀這句話。表示許可時,意為"可以,能夠",相當于mayShe said that I could use her computer. 她說我可以使用她的電腦。用于推測,表示可能性,意為"可能",couldcan更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑問句The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那個男人不可能是我們的老師,他去北京了。There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是誰呢?may/might表示允許或許可,意為"可以"May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的電話嗎?表示征詢許可時,mightmay的語氣委婉—Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一張你小女兒的照片嗎?—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。用于表推測時,是"可能,或許"之意,might語氣更加不肯定,多用于肯定句He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也許他錯了,但我也不確定。She might be very busy now. 她現(xiàn)在可能非常忙。must表示必須,一定要,指說話人的主觀語氣You must obey the school rules. 你必須遵守校規(guī)。mustn’t表示禁止,意為"千萬不要,禁止",是說話人強有力的勸告You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否則你可能會傷到自己。表示推測時,用于肯定句,意為"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t來代替This must be your room. 這一定是你的房間。He must be eighty now. 他現(xiàn)在想必有八十歲了。will表示意志、愿望和決心,常譯為"愿意"If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意幫助我們,我們將不勝感激。用于第二人稱疑問句,表示請求或建議等Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃飯好嗎?表示習慣性動作或某種傾向,多用于現(xiàn)在時,常譯為"總是"Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凱特總是坐在那兒等女兒回來。would作為will的過去式,可表示過去的意志、愿望或決心等,意為"愿意"He promised he would never smoke again. 他承諾他再也不吸煙了。表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他們的英語老師總是在課后用英語給他們講故事。用于第二人稱疑問句中,表示現(xiàn)在的請求、建議,比will的語氣委婉Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 請把這本英漢詞典傳給瑪麗好嗎? shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句,表示征求對方意見Shall we begin now? 我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎?’Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 湯姆正在門外等著,可以讓他進來嗎,先生?用于第二、三人稱陳述句時,表示命令、警告、允諾或威脅等Yon shall fail if you don’’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就會失敗。shouldshall的過去式,用于第一、三人稱,多用于間接引語中,以征求對方意見I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我問經(jīng)理我是否可以請幾天假。表示義務,職責時,意為"應當,應該",往往表示說話者的觀點You should go to school on time,你應當按時到校。表示驚訝、遺憾等,意為"竟然,居然" need表示"需要,必須",多用于疑問句和否定句Need you go so soon? 你需要這么早走嗎?You needn’t come so early. 你不必來這么早。have to表示不得不,說明客觀條件只能如此;有時態(tài)形式的變化;否定式don’t have to意為"不必"(=needn’t)My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上沒帶錢,只好向朋友借點了。情態(tài)動詞用法歸納1.表推測及可能性。may,mightcan, could, will, would表示可能預測;, shall, should用于表示必定must用于表示必定,必會;ought to應該為2.與時態(tài)相關。can為現(xiàn)在式,其過去式 couldmay為現(xiàn)在式,其過去式 might;shall為現(xiàn)在式,其過去式 should;will為現(xiàn)在式,其過去式 would.3.表示能力的用法。can表示能力,意思是"能,會",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在過去時中用couldcouldn't。be able to可以表示能力用于各種時態(tài)。4.意愿,打算,常用詞為will, would, shall, should.在這里,wouldshould要比willshall更委婉,更客氣。need需要dare表示。5.表示請求,許可,常用詞為can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must。6.態(tài)度may ,can,couldshall, should, may, might, must, ought to用于表示禁止,不準;應該、必須”“可以。例如:might可以表示委婉的批評或責備。You might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信嗎。7.祝愿“.May you + 動詞原形 ...”,意為祝愿……”。如:May you succeed! 祝你成功!8.情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣.常見于should+動詞原形;情態(tài)動詞+have 過去分詞。備注:Should 在虛擬語氣中要省略,為情態(tài)動詞要保持。 【知識拓展】一1. can的一般疑問句,肯定回答用Yes, ...can;否定回答用No, ...can’t。—Can you play the piano? 你會彈鋼琴嗎?—Yes, I can. 是的,我會。/No, I can’t 不,我不會。2. can,couldbe able to的區(qū)別:can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式,而be able to可以用于各種時態(tài);can( could)表示能力時,可用be able to代替。I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能買得起這輛小汽車。She has been able to come to school. 她已經(jīng)能去學校了I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 畢業(yè)前我就會開車。【知識拓展】二1.may的一般疑問句,肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly;否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。—Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在這間屋子里抽煙嗎?—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不,不可以。2. 用于表示推測時,maymight一般不用于疑問句,而在疑問句中,常使用can;在否定句中,may not/might not意為"可能不",而can’t/couldn’t意為"不可能"。The young people might not like the idea. 年輕人可能不喜歡這個主意。It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我們校長。他已經(jīng)去美國了。【知識拓展】三1. must的一般疑問句,肯定回答為Yes, ...must.;否定回答為No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to.—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必須現(xiàn)在打掃教室嗎?—Yes, you must. 是的,你必須。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。2. musthave to的區(qū)別:must表示"必須"的意思時,通常著重于說話者的主觀看法,認為有必要去做某事;而have to著重于客觀需要,含有"不得不"的意思。We must study English hard. 我們必須努力學習英語。You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看醫(yī)生。must表示"必須",只有現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的形式,如果要表示過去時或將來時的"必須",就要用have to的相應形式。You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必須開車開快點來趕時間。They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他們必須明天早晨起程。【知識拓展】四would like意為"愿意,想要";would like/love to do sth 意為"愿意/想要做某事";would like sb to do sth意為"想要某人做某事"。Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶嗎?Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌嗎?I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想讓你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。【知識拓展】五need的一般疑問句,肯定回答為Yes, ... must.;否定回答為No, ... needn’t.—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成這篇文章嗎?—Yes, he must. 是的,他必須完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。情態(tài)動詞的用法口訣:情態(tài)動詞兩要點,動詞原形跟后邊,說話語氣較委婉。can表“能力”,may“許可”,must“責任”或“義務”。否定答語neednt換,“需要”need, dare“敢”,should“應該”,would“愿”,have to“被迫”表客觀。1.2020 ?山東)—Mum, it’s too hot. ____________ I swim in the lake?  —No, you ___________. That’s too dangerous!  A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; mustn’t2.2020 ?湖南)May I take the magazine out of the reading room?  No, you ____________. Please read it here  A. mustn’t    B. wouldn’t     C. needn’t    D. cant 3.2020 ?甘肅)Whose cap is this? Is it Cindy’s?   It ____________ be hers. Don’t you remember she even didn’t come to the party?  A. can’t B. might C. may not D. must4.2020 ?江蘇)Will you stay here for dinner with us?  Sorry, I ____________. My mother is waiting for me at home.  A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t5.2020 ?甘肅)The magazine ____________ Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover.  A. mustn’t be B. can’t be C. must be D. needn’t be6. Jean     have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.A. must    B. should      C. need       D. would7.2020 ?江蘇)According to the notice, guests at this hotel ____________ use the sports center at no extra cost.  A. can B. should C. must D. need8. Jane       have come to the party, but she         not find the exact time.A. could; could  B. might; could  C. should; could  D. should; would9.2020 ?四川)Mum, may I play computer games this evening?  No way, you ____________ finish your homework.  A. can B. must C. may D. will10.2020 ?山東)As middle school students, we ____________ follow the public rules wherever we go.   A. would B. should C. might D. could11.2020 ?江蘇)Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.   I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven.   A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t12.2020 ?泰州)This task is really beyond me.    Well, if you _________ solve it, you won’t get paid.   A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t13.2020 ?溫州)We don’t allow taking magazines out, but you ____________ copy the article you need on the  machine over there.   A. can B. must C. should D. would14.2020 ?湖北?。?/span>Try this soupyou ____________ like it,   Wow! This is delicious!   A. must B. will C. shall D. can15.2020 ?湖北)May I join the art club, Dad?   If you have interest, you ____________.   A. should B. can C. have to D. must16.2020 ?江蘇)Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin?   You ____________ go if you have finished your homework.   A. must B. need C. should D. can17.2020 ?北京)—Lily, ____________ you finish the letter in ten minutes?    —Yes, I can.    A. must         B. should        C. need         D. can18.2020 ?廣東)Dirty air and water are harmful. They ____________ kill plants, and even people.    A. can      B. can’t     C. should     D. shouldn’t19.2020 ?河南)Jerry didn’t pay me back, but he promised that he ____________ this Sunday.   A. must    B. could     C. would     D. should20.2020 ?廣東) So many mistakes in your homework! You     more careful.A. may be  B. had to  C. would be  D. should have been21.2020 ?江蘇)I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It ________ . A. may be stolen    B. must be stolenC. must have been stolen  D. must have stolen22.2020 ?河南)Dirty air and water are harmful. They ____________ kill plants, and even people.    A. can      B. can’t     C. should     D. shouldn’t1.(湖北省)—Do you know where Colin is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.   —He             have gone far. His coat is still here.A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t2.(天津)—I’m a little tired. Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.—We             take a taxi. It’s not far from here.A. can’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t3.(江蘇)—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, Dad?—No, you            , son. You’re free to make your own decision.A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t4.(河南)Nowadays, some robots are very humanlike. They        even dance.A. can B. must C. need D. have to5.(北京)—Must we leave the library before 5 o’clock?—No, you            . You can stay here until 5:30.A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t6.(天津)—Look! The man at the gate             be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning.—No, it             be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.A. must; can’t B. must; mustn’t C. can’t; can’t D. can’t; mustn’t7.(山東)The dictionary at the Lost and Found office             be Tim’s, because his name is on its corner.A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t8. (廣東)            I return the book today, Mr. Lin?—No, you ________. You can keep it for two days.A. May; mustn’t B. Must; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Can; shouldn’t9. (海南)—Is Tony knocking at the door?—No, it           be Tony. He has gone to Sanya.A. mustn’t  B. can’t    C. won’t10. (山西)—Must I bring my student card every time I enter the library? —I’m afraid you            . The library is open only to teachers and students in our school.A. have to B. mustn’t C. need D. don’t have to 

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