2021版新高考地區(qū)選考化學(xué)（人教版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)教師用書：本章必刷題——易錯題排查落實(shí)重要化學(xué)方程式的書寫

本章必刷題——易錯題排查落實(shí)重要化學(xué)方程式的書寫(是離子反應(yīng)的寫離子方程式)1．碳及其化合物(1)SiO2和C的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(2)Mg在CO2中燃燒________________________________________________________________________；(3)向澄清石灰水中通入過量CO2氣體________________________________________________________________________；(4)CO2與C反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(5)C與H2O(g)反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)SiO2＋2CSi＋2CO↑(2)2Mg＋CO22MgO＋C(3)OH－＋CO2===HCO(4)CO2＋C2CO(5)C＋H2O(g)CO＋H22．氯及其化合物(1)Cl2和H2O的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(2)Cl2和NaOH溶液的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(3)Cl2和石灰乳的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(4)將Cl2通入Na2SO3溶液中________________________________________________________________________；(5)將Cl2和SO2混合通入水中________________________________________________________________________；(6)將Cl2通入氫硫酸溶液中________________________________________________________________________；(7)將濃鹽酸和MnO2混合加熱________________________________________________________________________；(8)電解飽和食鹽水________________________________________________________________________；(9)將濃鹽酸與漂白液混合________________________________________________________________________；(10)向KMnO4固體中滴加濃鹽酸________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)Cl2＋H2OH＋＋Cl－＋HClO(2)Cl2＋2OH－===Cl－＋ClO－＋H2O(3)Cl2＋Ca(OH)2===Ca2＋＋Cl－＋ClO－＋H2O(4)Cl2＋SO＋H2O===SO＋2H＋＋2Cl－(5)SO2＋Cl2＋2H2O===4H＋＋2Cl－＋SO(6)Cl2＋H2S===S↓＋2H＋＋2Cl－(7)MnO2＋4H＋＋2Cl－Mn2＋＋Cl2↑＋2H2O(8)2Cl－＋2H2OCl2↑＋H2↑＋2OH－(9)Cl－＋ClO－＋2H＋===Cl2↑＋H2O(10)2MnO＋16H＋＋10Cl－===2Mn2＋＋5Cl2↑＋8H2O3．硫及其化合物(1)S溶于熱的燒堿溶液________________________________________________________________________；(2)將H2S氣體通入CuSO4溶液中________________________________________________________________________；(3)Na2S溶液在空氣中放置變渾濁________________________________________________________________________；(4)銅和硫單質(zhì)的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(5)將SO2氣體通入氫硫酸中________________________________________________________________________；(6)將少量H2S氣體通入FeCl3溶液中________________________________________________________________________；(7)SO2通入溴水中，使溴水褪色________________________________________________________________________；(8)用足量氨水吸收SO2尾氣________________________________________________________________________；(9)Cu和濃硫酸的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(10)C和濃硫酸的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(11)固體Na2SO3和70%的濃硫酸的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)3S＋6OH－2S2－＋SO＋3H2O(2)H2S＋Cu2＋===CuS↓＋2H＋(3)2S2－＋O2＋2H2O===2S↓＋4OH－(4)2Cu＋SCu2S(5)SO2＋2H2S===3S↓＋2H2O(6)H2S＋2Fe3＋===S↓＋2Fe2＋＋2H＋(7)SO2＋Br2＋2H2O===SO＋2Br－＋4H＋(8)2NH3·H2O＋SO2===2NH＋SO＋H2O(9)Cu＋2H2SO4(濃)CuSO4＋SO2↑＋2H2O(10)C＋2H2SO4(濃)CO2↑＋2SO2↑＋2H2O(11)Na2SO3＋H2SO4(濃)===Na2SO4＋H2O＋SO2↑4．氮及其化合物(1)N2和H2的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(2)將NH3通入水中________________________________________________________________________；(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)室利用NH4Cl和Ca(OH)2固體混合加熱制備NH3________________________________________________________________________；(4)NH3的催化氧化________________________________________________________________________；(5)向NH4HCO3溶液中加入過量稀NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________；(6)NO2溶于水________________________________________________________________________；(7)NO2被燒堿溶液吸收生成兩種鈉鹽________________________________________________________________________；(8)物質(zhì)的量之比為1∶1的NO和NO2混合氣體恰好被燒堿溶液吸收生成一種鈉鹽________________________________________________________________________；(9)C和濃硝酸的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(10)濃硝酸見光分解(寫化學(xué)方程式)________________________________________________________________________；(11)Fe與過量稀硝酸反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)N2＋3H22NH3(2)NH3＋H2ONH3·H2O(3)2NH4Cl＋Ca(OH)22NH3↑＋2H2O＋CaCl2(4)4NH3＋5O24NO＋6H2O(5)NH＋HCO＋2OH－===NH3·H2O＋CO＋H2O(6)3NO2＋H2O===2H＋＋2NO＋NO(7)2NO2＋2OH－===NO＋NO＋H2O(8)NO＋NO2＋2OH－===2NO＋H2O(9)C＋4H＋＋4NOCO2↑＋4NO2↑＋2H2O(10)4HNO3(濃)4NO2↑＋O2↑＋2H2O(11)Fe＋4H＋＋NO===Fe3＋＋NO↑＋2H2O