筆試(共三部分100分)
第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1. 5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A 、B 、C 、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
When Gertrude Grew Great
Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At hme, she helped ut just enugh t slide by. At schl, she did just enugh hmewrk t stay ut f ___1___. She had straight C's in all f her classes.
One day Gertrude’s teacher stpped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the wrk yu d in class, and sme f it is ___2___.” Gertrude knew there were mments when she did try a little harder than what everyne ___3___, like when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she culd change. She had dne just enugh t ___4___ fr s lng. In fact, she was scared by the thught f having the pwer t becme whatever she wanted.
That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years int the future. She culd nt find an average jb, because even the average jbs were___5___ by abve-average wrkers. Gertrude wanted her wn place, her wn life. A vice spke in the dream:“The present is nthing mre than the___6___ f the chices made in the past.
“The future will nly be the results f the chices we make tday.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped ___7___ the wrld where she lived, and the chices she made had prduced the ptins she had.
The next day, she tried harder in schl, and she felt ___8___ than usual. She helped mre arund the huse, and she felt better than typical. Sn the pattern f Success ___9___ that f being nrmal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning frm her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized huse and she was just the average adult. But her ___10___ was abve average, because her life was hers.
1. A. rderB. trubleC. sightD. debt
2. A. challengingB. amusingC. amazingD. encuraging
3. A. learnedB. insistedC. expectedD. cmplained
4. A. get byB. give inC. shw upD. stand ut
5. A. filledB. fferedC. refusedD. valued
6. A. chanceB. riskC. rewardD. utcme
7. A. leadB. shapeC. betterD. prtect
8. A. smarterB. sadderC. calmerD. freer
9. A. fllwedB. cveredC. prducedD. replaced
10. A. independenceB. happinessC. cnfidenceD. gratitude
第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1. 5分，共15分)
A
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Jules Verne (1828-1905) is regarded as ne f the fathers f science fictin. He ___11___ (pen) 54 nvels as part f his “Extrardinary Vyages” series. Many f his stries feature a brilliant but mad scientist ___12___ inventins ultimately bring mre harm than gd. Captain Nem uses his submarine t vilently attack ships, while Dr. Sarrasin's utpian city ___13___ (becme) the target f a takever plt. Fr Verne, human nature was the factr that determined ___14___ technlgy wuld be a frce fr gd r a surce f destructin.
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The Internatinal Museum Day represents a unique mment fr the internatinal museum cmmunity. ___15___ (rganise) each year n 18 May, the celebratins can last a day, a weekend r a whle week. On this day, ___16___(participate) museums plan creative events and highlight the imprtance f the rle f museums as institutins. Nw, participatin in Internatinal Museum Day ___17___ (grw) amng museums all ver the wrld.
C
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The summers f my childhd were ___18___ (stick) ht. At night, we ran windw fans and hped fr cler air. But thse summer nights seem pleasant cmpared with the extrardinary heat waves nwadays. Till this summer, thusands f new recrds ___19___ (set) nt just fr daily high temperatures, but als fr warmest vernight lws. Ht nights are dangerus ___20___ they rb peple f the chance t cl dwn befre the next burning day.
第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Student Vlunteer Internships 2023-2024
A limited number f unpaid internships (實(shí)習(xí)) are available in Washingtn, D. C. within the U. S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency's (EPA) Office f Water. Yu must be a full-time undergraduate r graduate student. A diversity f candidates within varius fields f study are encuraged t apply, including degree candidates in the fllwing subjects:
·Hydrlgy, aquatic bilgy, marine science, envirnmental engineering, gelgy, meterlgy, sil science, etc
·Public health, txiclgy, sanitatin, envirnmental justice, etc
·Public administratin, finance, management, cmmunicatins, etc.
Candidates shuld have a demnstrated interest r career gals in a water-health r public-health related field, including sustainability and resilience. Demanded qualities include strng analytical, written and ral skills, the ability t wrk independently and n a team, and a strng desire t take initiative.
The vlunteer intern will wrk fr a minimum f 12 weeks n a full-time (40 hurs per week) r part-time (20 hurs per week) schedule. Participants will nt be paid, but are qualified t apply fr a travelling expense. Participants d nt becme EPA emplyees during their stay.
Applicatins will be accepted n a rlling basis; hwever, mst prjects will arise fr internship pprtunities during the Summer Semester. Please submit yur applicatin at least 2 mnths befre each semester begins. We recgnize that timeframes may vary due t class schedules and we will wrk with individual candidates t specify exact timing and duratin as necessary. The general timeframes by semester are as fllws:
Summer Semester (late May thrugh late August)
Fall Semester (September thrugh December)
Spring Semester (January thrugh April)
T apply, email a resume, cver letter, and a shrt writing sample (maximum 5 pages) t: braschayk. kelley@ epa. gv.
21. Accrding t the passage, applicants are required t
A. be full-time graduate students
B. speak freign language fluently
C. have the ability t wrk with teams
D. majr in a public-health related field
22. What will EPA prvide fr the vlunteer interns?
A. Financial supprt fr transprt.
B. Persnalized wrk schedules.
C. A letter f recmmendatin.
D. Emplyment pprtunities
23. What shuld candidates d t apply fr the internship?
A. Email yur intern timeframes.
B. Prvide the degree certificate.
C. Wrk in a team fr 12 weeks
D. Offer a shrt writing sample.
B
At an airprt I verheard an ld man and his daughter in their last mments tgether. They had annunced her plane’s departure and standing near the dr, he said t his daughter, “I lve yu, I wish yu enugh.”
She said, “Daddy, ur life tgether has been mre than enugh. Yur lve is all I ever needed. I wish yu enugh, t, Daddy. ” They kissed gd-bye and she left.
He walked ver tward the windw where I was seated. Standing there I culd see he wanted and needed t cry. I tried nt t intrude n his privacy, but he welcmed me in by asking, “Did yu ever say gd-bye t smene knwing it wuld be frever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied.
Saying that brught back memries I had f expressing my lve and appreciatin fr all my Dad had dne fr me. Recgnizing that his days were limited, I tk the time t tell him face t face hw much he meant t me. S I knew what this man was experiencing.
“Frgive me fr asking, but why is this a frever gd-bye?” I asked.
“I am ld and she lives much t far away. I have challenges ahead and the reality is, her next trip back will be fr my funeral,” he said.
“When yu were saying gd-bye I heard yu say, ‘I wish yu enugh. ‘May I ask what that means?”
He began t smile. “That’s a wish that has been handed dwn frm ther generatins. My parents used t say it t everyne. ”He paused fr a mment and lking up as if trying t remember it in detail, he smiled even mre.
“When we said ‘I wish yu enugh’, we were wanting the ther persn t have a life filled with enugh gd things t sustain them, ”he cntinued and then turning tward me, he shared the fllwing as if he were reciting it frm memry.
“I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright. I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre. I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive. I wish yu enugh pain s that the smallest jys in life appear much bigger. I wish yu enugh gain t satisfy yur wanting. I wish yu enugh lss t appreciate all that yu pssess. I wish enugh ‘Hells’ t get yu thrugh the final ‘Gd-bye’. ”
24. The ld man want t cry because _______
A. he was guilty fr nt lving his daughter enugh
B. his daughter didn’t care abut him as expected
C. he had a slim chance t see his daughter again
D. his daughter’s parting wrds made him sad
25. The authr mentined his Dad t shw________
A. his appreciatin fr his father’s devtin
B. his srrw fr his father leaving the wrld
C. his understanding f the ld man’s feeling
D. his cncern fr the ld man’s mental state
26. What message des the ld man’s wish cnvey?
A. Every mment is a blessing.
B. Great hpes make great men.
C. Happiness lies in cntentment.
D. T get time is t get everything.
27. Accrding t the passage, which can best describe the ld man?
A. Helpful and gentle.B. Wise and lving.
C. Mdest and thughtful.D. Kind and generus.
C
The vilence f shaking frm an earthquake is usually fcused in the directin the quake is traveling. But a bmerang quake may spread the intense shaking acrss a wider zne. The new study, published tday in the jurnal Nature Gescience, is a majr step tward clearing up the cmplex physics behind bmerang quakes and understanding their ptential damage.
The latest bmerang was recrded near the mid-cean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016. By examining the psitin f the epicenter (震中) and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismlgist at the Imperial Cllege Lndn and first authr f the new study, identified what seemed t be tw steps f the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. “This was weird, ”he says. This secnd leg f the quake mved remarkably quickly, at s-called supershear speeds. The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11, 000 miles per hur—fast enugh t dart frm New Yrk t Lndn in 18. 5 minutes, s fast that it caused the gelgic versin f a snic bm.
Hw ften des this happen?A bmerang quake at supershear speeds, as Hicks and his team bserved in the Atlantic, may be a fairly rare type. But wider evidence f bmerang quakes is munting. These back-tracking events have been studied in cmputer mdels as well as simulated in lab experiments. “The thery says that it’s there, but it’s quite difficult t see that [in the real wrld], ”says Hicks. The 2016 earthquake in Kumamt als seems t have ruptured (破裂) in a similar prcess. Fr that event, the initial shake triggered tw ther quakes, ne f which raced backward t partially verlap the initial break.
Understanding when and why these bmerang events happen is vital t grappling with risks earthquakes present. “Studies like this help us understand hw past earthquakes ruptured, hw future earthquakes may rupture, and hw that relates t the ptential impact fr faults (斷層) near ppulated areas, ”says Hicks.
These bmerangs maybe bscured by cnventinal appraches used t analyze quakes, which are based n an assumptin that a quake rushes in ne directin. “Naturally we’re nt lking fr it, we dn’t expect it t exist,” Hicks says. Yet fr earthquakes, it seems, cmplexities might be the nrm rather than the exceptin. As Hicks puts it: “The mre and mre we lk at earthquakes in mre detail, f curse we see stranger things.”
28. A bmerang earthquake differs frm ther quakes because ________.
A. it mves at a super-fast speed
B. it triggers several small quakes
C. it releases immeasurable energy
D. it shakes in tw ppsite directins
29. Frm the passage, we can learn that _________.
A. the cming f the next bmerang can be predicted
B. bmerangs are t cmplex t be fully understd
C. bmerang events are cmmnplace in the real wrld
D. cmmn methds are reliable in analyzing bmerangs
30. What des the underlined phrase “grappling with” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. putting ffB. cping with
C. bringing abutD. fighting against
D
All ver the wrld, frmal educatin supplies the ecnmy with wrkers wh will increase prductivity t fuel the ecnmic machine. But this machine nw threatens ur very survival. If the entire wrld reaches the levels f cnsumptin seen in high-incme cuntries tday, we’ll need multiple planet Earths t supply the resurces. The absurd (荒謬的) idea f infinite grwth within a finite territry is at the heart f ur ecnmic system.
T keep this machine running, frmal educatin generates ever mre efficient “human capital”. Increasing prductivity metrics (指標(biāo)) rather than the individuality f students drives ur civilizatin’s apprach t schling ur yung peple. Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it.
Grwing up, nne f my schling fstered my ability t imagine a wrld different frm what I saw arund me. Besides, I realize the suppressin (抑制) f children’s imaginatin desn’t take place nly in underresurced cmmunities, but in “elite” institutins that tut “critical thinking”. Schls want t see their graduates succeed, and success is t ften abut maintaining current structures — nt abut reimagining their fundatins.
Essentially, ur educatin systems shape children in the image f artificial intelligence. The perfect “wrker”, AI, cntinually imprves its wn prductivity but desn’t challenge the larger structures within which it perates. It is ne f the great paradxes f ur time that we invest s much int building supercmputers while marginalizing the imaginative ptential f millins f human brains. What’s mre, we even put ur hpe in slving the envirnmental crisis n AI. But AI, like ur ther technlgies, can nly treat the symptms f the envirnmental crisis, nt the causes
Thrughut histry, achievers f great change have relied n their imaginatins t address fundamental flaws in sciety. In my cuntry f birth, cmmunists kept their dreams f demcracy alive fr decades by imagining different futures. In Suth Africa, Nelsn Mandela’s fllwers had t be radical (激進(jìn)的) in their imaginatin t create a visin f a fairer sciety. Imagining demcracy when living under a ttalitarian regime (極權(quán)主義政權(quán)) isn’t that different frm imagining degrwth when living in a wrld f infinite grwth.
The kind f intelligence that Nelsn Mandela and such pssessed was nt artificial. The ability t reimagine the future and disrupt the current situatin remains a distinctly human quality. Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative and questin the premises f sciety. In my research, I have bserved that yunger children are ften the mst radical in imagining different futures.
As lng as ur imaginatin is curtailed, ideas like degrwth sund utpian (烏托邦的) t many, Cultivating imaginatin means learning frm histry’s disrupters wh made the impssible pssible. Instead f dismissing “childish” ideas abut the wrld’s future, it means seeing inspiratin in children’s imaginatins. In an educatin system that celebrates imaginatin, arts and creativity are as imprtant as math and science. Idealism cexists with pragmatism. The envirnmental crisis is nt a crisis f technlgy r science, it is a crisis f imaginatin. If we let children be ur guides, we might be able t imagine ur way t survival.
31. The authr hpes educatin can play its rle in ________.
A. develping human resurcesB. prmting sustainable develpment
C. increasing prductivityD. maximizing ecnmic grwth
32. Frm the passage, we can learn that _________.
A. imaginatin isn’t well develped in schls
B. AI helps explit the ptential f human brains
C. graduates’ success changes the scial structures
D. AI can address the rt cause f ecnmic crisis
33. Nelsn Mandela is mentined as _________.
A. a success in building a fair sciety
B. a leader wh had a great influence
C. a pineer pssessing the quality f AI
D. an inspiratin t slve scial prblems
34. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that _________.
A. children’s imaginatin ensures human’s survival
B. the envirnmental crisis results frm technlgy
C. imaginatin can help slve envirnmental crisis
D. the “childish” ideas will ruin the wrld’s future
第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
What Came First, the Chicken r the Egg?
Chickens are ne f the mst ecnmically imprtant animals in the wrld tday. ___35___, Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries, nce believed t be evidence f early chickens, actually belng t wild birds.
Nw, in a new publicatin, an internatinal team f archaelgists, histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin. Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years, the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. ___36___. It was this trait f prductive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the dmestic chicken s attractive t ancient peples
___37___. They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad. They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. ___38___ . In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窩). This is the earliest evidence fr the lss f seasnal egg laying yet identified in the archaelgical recrd. Meanwhile, it is an imprtant clue fr better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relatinships between humans and animals that resulted in dmesticatin
Taken tgether, the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the chicken and the egg. ___39___.
A. T reach these cnclusins, the team did a lt f wrk.
B. The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn.
C. Yet, the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear.
D. Research shws chickens were bred thrughut suthern Central Asia, and were spread alng the ancient Silk Rad.
E. The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr, the red jungle fwl
F. They argue that the lss f seasnal egg laying was the main drive fr the spread f dmestic chickens acrss Eurasia and nrtheast Africa
G. As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday.
第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。
What We Really Knw Abut ASMR
If yu spend time n YuTube r TikTk, yu may have cme acrss vides f smene whispering int a micrphne, carefully slicing stacks f slime, r slwly ripping strips f paper. These vides are designed t trigger an autnmus sensry meridian (經(jīng)絡(luò)) respnse, r ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine.
Watching vides that trigger ASMR is thught t lead t psitive respnses thrughut the bdy including enhanced md, relaxatin, and even pain relief. But can yu really achieve these benefits just by watching a shrt vide?A systematic review published seeks t answer that questin. German researchers cmbined the data frm 54 studies t better help us understand ASMR and its effects.
But first, where did this idea cme frm?There are references t feelings similar t ASMR in classic literature dating back t the early 1900s. The cntemprary definitins f ASMR sprang frm a discussin frum n a health-fcused website in2007. A YuTuber named Jennifer Allen cined the term in 2010.
Based n the previus studies, the researchers cncluded that examples f triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sunds, and it is imprtant t nte that specific triggers f ASMR and the intensity f the respnse vary widely by individuals. They als explred its benefits. Clear evidence shws that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data als shws that it can imprve shrt-term memry. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR vides had lwer heart rates and bld pressure, physical signals f relaxatin. In additin, they fund that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns assciated with relaxatin and stress relief.
Despite the encuraging results, the authrs nted that many f the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack f diversity amng participants; mre research is needed t truly understand the impacts f ASMR.
Luckily, it’s true that watching sensry vides f peple brushing their hair, whispering, and making sft repetitive nises can lead t relaxatin and stress relief. The best thing abut ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. S if yu’re feeling anxius r stressed, it might be wrth watching a few minutes f ASMR vides t see if they help!
40. What is an autnmus sensry meridian respnse (ASMR)?
_____________________________________
41. Accrding t the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us?
_____________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
>Althugh triggers f ASMR are different, they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng different peple.
_____________________________________
43. Besides watching ASMR vides, what else d yu d when feeling anxius r stressed?
_____________________________________
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。你的外國(guó)筆友Jim來(lái)信向你傾訴他的煩惱：學(xué)校藝術(shù)節(jié)展演在即，他任社長(zhǎng)的舞蹈社與朋友的音樂(lè)社都想在學(xué)校僅有的一間排練室（rehearsal rm）練習(xí)，導(dǎo)致兩個(gè)社團(tuán)都無(wú)法充分排練。請(qǐng)你給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 解決問(wèn)題的建議；
2. 給予安慰或鼓勵(lì)。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
參考答案
第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1. 5分，共15分)
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了曾經(jīng)格特魯?shù)轮皇且粋€(gè)過(guò)著普通生活的普通孩子，但是她逐漸意識(shí)到幫助塑造了她所生活的世界，她所做的選擇產(chǎn)生了她現(xiàn)在的選擇，所以她開始用成功的模式取代了正常的模式，讓自己更加幸福。
【1題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在學(xué)校，她只做了足夠的家庭作業(yè)以避免麻煩。A. rder命令；B. truble麻煩；C. sight視力；D. debt債務(wù)。根據(jù)上文“At hme, she helped ut just enugh t slide by.(在家里，她幫的忙只夠湊合)”以及“At schl, she did just enugh hmewrk t stay ut f”可知，在學(xué)校，她只做了足夠的家庭作業(yè)以避免麻煩。故選B。
【2題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“格特魯?shù)?，”他說(shuō)，“我看過(guò)你在課堂上做的作業(yè)，有些還很了不起?！盇. challenging挑戰(zhàn)的；B. amusing有趣的；C. amazing令人驚奇的；了不起的；D. encuraging鼓舞人心的。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)ike when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy”可知，老師夸獎(jiǎng)她的作業(yè)了不起。故選C。
【3題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：格特魯?shù)轮溃袝r(shí)候她確實(shí)比大家期望的要努力一些，比如她花額外的時(shí)間做作業(yè)，讓它看起來(lái)更漂亮。A. learned學(xué)習(xí)；B. insisted堅(jiān)持；C. expected期待；D. cmplained抱怨。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)ike when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy”可知，有時(shí)候格特魯?shù)麓_實(shí)比大家期望的要努力一些，故選C。
【4題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她所做的工作只夠維持這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。A. get by維持；B. give in屈服；C. shw up出現(xiàn)；D. stand ut突出。根據(jù)上文“she did just enugh hmewrk”指她所做的工作只夠維持這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。故選A。
【5題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她找不到一份普通的工作，因?yàn)榧词故瞧胀ǖ墓ぷ饕脖桓哂谄骄降墓と颂钛a(bǔ)了。A. filled裝滿；B. ffered提議；C. refused拒絕；D. valued重視。根據(jù)上文“She culd nt find an average jb, because even the average jbs were”可知，找不到普通的工作是因?yàn)榧词故瞧胀ǖ墓ぷ饕脖桓哂谄骄降墓と颂钛a(bǔ)了。故選A。
【6題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：夢(mèng)中有個(gè)聲音說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在只不過(guò)是過(guò)去所做選擇的結(jié)果。”A. chance機(jī)會(huì)；B. risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；C. reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D. utcme結(jié)果。根據(jù)后文“The future will nly be the results f the chices we make tday.”可知，現(xiàn)在只不過(guò)是過(guò)去所做選擇的結(jié)果，而未來(lái)只會(huì)是我們今天所做選擇的結(jié)果。故選D。
【7題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：格特魯?shù)驴蘖似饋?lái)，因?yàn)樗浪龓椭茉炝怂畹氖澜纾龅倪x擇產(chǎn)生了她現(xiàn)在的選擇。A. lead帶領(lǐng)；B. shape塑造；C. better勝過(guò)；D. prtect保護(hù)。根據(jù)后文“the wrld where she lived, and the chices she made had prduced the ptins she had”指她自己塑造了所生活的世界，她所做的選擇產(chǎn)生了她現(xiàn)在的選擇。故選B。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，她在學(xué)校更加努力了，她覺(jué)得自己比平時(shí)聰明了。A. smarter更聰明的；B. sadder更悲傷的；C. calmer更平靜的；D. freer更自由的。根據(jù)后文“She helped mre arund the huse, and she felt better than typical.(她在家里幫了更多的忙，感覺(jué)比平時(shí)好多了)”可知，事情在往好的方面發(fā)展，她在學(xué)校更加努力了，她覺(jué)得自己比平時(shí)聰明了。故選A。
【9題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，成功的模式取代了正常的模式，格特魯?shù)律踔磷兊蒙朴趶腻e(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。A. fllwed跟隨；B. cvered覆蓋；C. prduced產(chǎn)生；D. replaced取代。根據(jù)后文“that f being nrmal”可知，成功的模式取代了正常的模式，故選D。
【10題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是她的幸福高于平均水平，因?yàn)樗纳钍撬约旱?。A. independence獨(dú)立；B. happiness幸福；C. cnfidence自信；D. gratitude感激。根據(jù)上文“Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized huse and she was just the average adult.( 十年后，格特魯?shù)伦≡谝凰胀ù笮〉姆孔永?，她只是一個(gè)普通的成年人)”可知，她從成為普通人中收獲了更高的幸福感，故選B。
第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1. 5分，共15分)
【答案】11. penned
12. whse 13. becmes
14. whether##if
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了科幻小說(shuō)之父儒勒·凡爾納。
【11題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他寫了54部小說(shuō)，作為他的“非凡之旅”系列的一部分。描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填penned。
【12題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他的許多故事都描寫了一位才華橫溢但瘋狂的科學(xué)家，他的發(fā)明最終帶來(lái)的壞處大于好處。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞scientist，關(guān)系詞在從句作定語(yǔ)，故用whse。故填whse。
【13題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：尼莫船長(zhǎng)用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只，而薩拉辛博士的烏托邦城市成為了接管陰謀的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)上文uses可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為Dr. Sarrasin's utpian city，謂語(yǔ)用三單形式。故填becmes。
【14題詳解】
考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：凡爾納認(rèn)為，人性是決定技術(shù)是善的力量還是毀滅的源泉的因素。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句不缺少成分，表示“是否”應(yīng)用whether/if。故填whether/if。
【答案】15. Organised##Organized
16. participating
17. grws##has grwn/has been grwing
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了國(guó)際博物館日的意義。
【15題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：每年5月18日舉辦，慶?；顒?dòng)可以持續(xù)一天、一個(gè)周末或整整一周。此處rganise與celebratins構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，首字母大寫。故填Organised/Organized。
【16題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在這一天，參與的博物館將策劃創(chuàng)意活動(dòng)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)博物館作為機(jī)構(gòu)的重要性。作句子的主語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填participating。
【17題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，世界各地的博物館越來(lái)越多地參與國(guó)際博物館日活動(dòng)。此處可理解為說(shuō)明目前的情況用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，或理解為過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能持續(xù)下去，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為participatin in Internatinal Museum Day，謂語(yǔ)用三單形式。故填grws/has grwn/has been grwing。
【答案】18. sticky
19. have been set
20. because##since##as
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹的是與童年時(shí)期相比，現(xiàn)在的夏天異常炎熱，不僅白天高溫創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄，連夜晚的最低溫度也屢創(chuàng)新高。這種炎熱的夜晚很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼈儎儕Z了人們?cè)谙乱粋€(gè)炎熱日子之前降溫的機(jī)會(huì)。
【18題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：我童年的夏天又熱又粘。設(shè)空處使用stick的形容詞sticky作表語(yǔ)，意為“粘的，黏的”。故填sticky。
【19題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：直到今年夏天，成千上萬(wàn)的新記錄被創(chuàng)造出來(lái)，不僅是每天的最高溫度，還有最溫暖的夜間最低溫度。設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，句中till this summer為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間標(biāo)志，同時(shí)recrds與set之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填have been set。
【20題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：炎熱的夜晚是危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)樗鼈儎儕Z了人們?cè)谙乱粋€(gè)炎熱的白天到來(lái)之前降溫的機(jī)會(huì)。設(shè)空處使用連詞連接前后兩個(gè)句子，后句與前句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，表示“因?yàn)椤庇胊s/since/because。故填as/since/because。
第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇招募廣告。美國(guó)環(huán)保署華盛頓特區(qū)水質(zhì)辦公室提供2023-2024年度無(wú)薪實(shí)習(xí)生崗位。本文陳述了一些具體要求。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的“Demanded qualities include strng analytical, written and ral skills, the ability t wrk independently and n a team(要求的素質(zhì)包括強(qiáng)大的分析、寫作和口頭技能，獨(dú)立工作和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的能力)”可知，申請(qǐng)者需要具備很多能力包括團(tuán)隊(duì)合作能力，而C選項(xiàng)更具體地提到了團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的能力，這是在申請(qǐng)要求中明確指出的。故選C項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Participants will nt be paid, but are qualified t apply fr a travelling expense.(參與者不會(huì)得到報(bào)酬，但有資格申請(qǐng)旅行費(fèi)用)”可知，EPA將為志愿者實(shí)習(xí)生提供交通費(fèi)支持。故選A項(xiàng)。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“T apply, email a resume, cver letter, and a shrt writing sample (maximum 5 pages) t: braschayk.kelley@epa.gv.(要申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)將簡(jiǎn)歷、求職信和一份簡(jiǎn)短的寫作樣本（最多5頁(yè)）發(fā)送至braschayk.kelley@epa.gv)”可知，候選人需要提交一份簡(jiǎn)短的寫作樣本。故選D項(xiàng)。
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在機(jī)場(chǎng)一位老人與女兒告別的情景，通過(guò)他們的對(duì)話展現(xiàn)了親情、離別與祝愿的主題，同時(shí)也穿插了作者自身的回憶與感悟。
【24題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段““I am ld and she lives much t far away. I have challenges ahead and the reality is, her next trip back will be fr my funeral,” he said. (“我老了，她住得太遠(yuǎn)了。我面臨著挑戰(zhàn)，而現(xiàn)實(shí)是，她下次回來(lái)將是參加我的葬禮。”)”可知，老人知道自己可能無(wú)法活到女兒下次回來(lái)的時(shí)候，因此這可能是他們最后一次見(jiàn)面，所以老人想哭。故選C。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Standing there I culd see he wanted and needed t cry. I tried nt t intrude n his privacy, but he welcmed me in by asking, “Did yu ever say gd-bye t smene knwing it wuld be frever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied. (站在那里，我看得出他想哭，也需要哭。我盡量不去侵犯他的隱私，但他歡迎我，問(wèn)我：“你有沒(méi)有跟一個(gè)明知要永遠(yuǎn)再見(jiàn)的人說(shuō)再見(jiàn)？”我回答說(shuō)：“是的。”)”和第四段“Saying that brught back memries I had f expressing my lve and appreciatin fr all my Dad had dne fr me. Recgnizing that his days were limited, I tk the time t tell him face t face hw much he meant t me. S I knew what this man was experiencing. (這句話勾起了我對(duì)父親為我所做的一切表達(dá)愛(ài)和感激的回憶。意識(shí)到他的日子不多了，我花時(shí)間當(dāng)面告訴他，他對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有多重要。所以我知道這個(gè)人正在經(jīng)歷什么。)”可知，作者提到自己的父親是因?yàn)樗?jīng)也有過(guò)向父親表達(dá)愛(ài)與感激的經(jīng)歷，認(rèn)識(shí)到父親的日子有限，親自面對(duì)面地告訴父親他對(duì)自己的意義。這表明作者對(duì)老人的感受有著深刻的理解。故選C。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright. I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre. I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive. I wish yu enugh pain s that the smallest jys in life appear much bigger. I wish yu enugh gain t satisfy yur wanting. I wish yu enugh lss t appreciate all that yu pssess. I wish enugh ‘Hells’ t get yu thrugh the final ‘Gd-bye’. ” (“我希望你有足夠的陽(yáng)光，讓你的態(tài)度保持光明。愿你有足夠的雨水，讓你更欣賞陽(yáng)光。我希望你有足夠的快樂(lè)來(lái)保持你的精神活力。我希望你有足夠的痛苦，讓生活中最小的快樂(lè)也變得更大。我希望你有足夠的收獲來(lái)滿足你的需要。我希望你有足夠的損失來(lái)珍惜你所擁有的一切。我希望有足夠的‘你好’讓你度過(guò)最后的‘再見(jiàn)’。”)”可知，老人的愿望傳達(dá)了：每一刻都是一種祝福，都是幸福的時(shí)刻。故選A。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“At an airprt I verheard an ld man and his daughter in their last mments tgether. They had annunced her plane’s departure and standing near the dr, he said t his daughter, “I lve yu, I wish yu enugh.” (在機(jī)場(chǎng)，我無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到一位老人和他的女兒在一起的最后時(shí)刻。他們宣布了她的飛機(jī)起飛，他站在門口對(duì)女兒說(shuō)：“我愛(ài)你，我希望你足夠?！?”以及最后一段““I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright. I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre. I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive. I wish yu enugh pain s that the smallest jys in life appear much bigger. I wish yu enugh gain t satisfy yur wanting. I wish yu enugh lss t appreciate all that yu pssess. I wish enugh ‘Hells’ t get yu thrugh the final ‘Gd-bye’. ” (“我希望你有足夠的陽(yáng)光，讓你的態(tài)度保持光明。愿你有足夠的雨水，讓你更欣賞陽(yáng)光。我希望你有足夠的快樂(lè)來(lái)保持你的精神活力。我希望你有足夠的痛苦，讓生活中最小的快樂(lè)也變得更大。我希望你有足夠的收獲來(lái)滿足你的需要。我希望你有足夠的損失來(lái)珍惜你所擁有的一切。我希望有足夠的‘你好’讓你度過(guò)最后的‘再見(jiàn)’?！?”可知，老人充滿智慧并且深愛(ài)著他的家人。故選B。
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了“回旋鏢地震”的研究進(jìn)展和潛在危害。這種地震的特點(diǎn)是在傳播過(guò)程中會(huì)改變方向，產(chǎn)生更廣泛的強(qiáng)烈震動(dòng)。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“The vilence f shaking frm an earthquake is usually fcused in the directin the quake is traveling. But a bmerang quake may spread the intense shaking acrss a wider zne. (地震產(chǎn)生的強(qiáng)烈震動(dòng)通常集中在地震傳播的方向上。但回旋鏢地震可能會(huì)將強(qiáng)烈的震動(dòng)擴(kuò)散到更大的區(qū)域。)”同時(shí)根據(jù)第二段中“By examining the psitin f the epicenter(震中)and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismlgist at the Imperial Cllege Lndn and first authr f the new study, identified what seemed t be tw steps f the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. (倫敦帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院(Imperial Cllege Lndn)的地震學(xué)家、這項(xiàng)新研究的第一作者斯蒂芬·?？怂?Stephen Hicks)通過(guò)研究震中的位置和每個(gè)震動(dòng)階段釋放的能量，確定了地震的兩個(gè)步驟：地震最初向東移動(dòng)，但隨后又向西轉(zhuǎn)回。)”可知，一個(gè)回旋鏢地震可能將強(qiáng)烈的震動(dòng)傳播到更廣泛的區(qū)域，最新的回旋鏢地震先向東移動(dòng)，但隨后又向西轉(zhuǎn)回，因此回旋鏢地震的震動(dòng)方向會(huì)改變，先朝一個(gè)方向，然后轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。因此，回旋鏢地震與其他地震的主要區(qū)別在于它在兩個(gè)相反的方向上震動(dòng)。故選D。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Yet fr earthquakes, it seems, cmplexities might be the nrm rather than the exceptin. As Hicks puts it: “The mre and mre we lk at earthquakes in mre detail, f curse we see stranger things.”(然而，對(duì)于地震來(lái)說(shuō)，復(fù)雜性似乎是常態(tài)，而不是例外。正如?？怂顾f(shuō)：“我們對(duì)地震的觀察越細(xì)致，當(dāng)然就會(huì)看到更奇怪的東西?！?”可知，這表明回旋鏢地震非常復(fù)雜，難以完全理解。故選B。
【30題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Understanding when and why these bmerang events happen is vital t…(了解這些“回旋鏢地震”事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間和原因?qū)τ凇?”以及劃線詞后面的內(nèi)容“... risks earthquakes present.(……存在地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”以及后文中“Studies like this help us understand hw past earthquakes ruptured, hw future earthquakes may rupture, and hw that relates t the ptential impact fr faults (斷層) near ppulated areas(這樣的研究幫助我們了解過(guò)去的地震是如何破裂的，未來(lái)的地震可能會(huì)如何破裂，以及這與人口稠密地區(qū)附近斷層的潛在影響有何關(guān)系)”可知，研究回旋鏢地震幫助我們了解過(guò)去的地震是如何破裂的，未來(lái)的地震可能會(huì)如何破裂，以及這與人口稠密地區(qū)附近斷層的潛在影響有何關(guān)系即研究回旋鏢地震能夠有助于我們處理或者解決目前地震存在的危險(xiǎn)。故劃線詞與B選項(xiàng)“cping with(處理，解決)”為同義詞。故選B。
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞當(dāng)前教育系統(tǒng)如何影響人類應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境危機(jī)的能力展開討論，提出了對(duì)現(xiàn)有教育模式的批判，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了培養(yǎng)想象力和創(chuàng)新能力的重要性。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it. (雖然可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)呼吁將教育轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的力量，但事實(shí)往往恰恰相反：西方社會(huì)對(duì)教育的思考方式削弱了我們應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境危機(jī)的能力。為了度過(guò)這場(chǎng)危機(jī)，我們需要培養(yǎng)我們的想象力，而不是削弱它)”可推知，作者希望教育能在促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮作用。故選B。
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Grwing up, nne f my schling fstered my ability t imagine a wrld different frm what I saw arund me. Besides, I realize the suppressin (抑制) f children’s imaginatin desn’t take place nly in underresurced cmmunities, but in “elite” institutins that tut “critical thinking”. Schls want t see their graduates succeed, and success is t ften abut maintaining current structures — nt abut reimagining their fundatins. (從小到大，我所受的學(xué)校教育都沒(méi)有培養(yǎng)我想象一個(gè)不同于我所看到的世界的能力。此外，我意識(shí)到對(duì)兒童想象力的壓制不僅發(fā)生在資源匱乏的社區(qū)，也發(fā)生在鼓吹“批判性思維”的“精英”機(jī)構(gòu)。學(xué)校希望看到他們的畢業(yè)生成功，而成功往往是維持現(xiàn)有的結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是重新構(gòu)想他們的基礎(chǔ))”可推知，學(xué)校教育中想象力并未得到充分發(fā)展。故選A。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“In Suth Africa, Nelsn Mandela’s fllwers had t be radical (激進(jìn)的) in their imaginatin t create a visin f a fairer sciety. Imagining demcracy when living under a ttalitarian regime (極權(quán)主義政權(quán)) isn’t that different frm imagining degrwth when living in a wrld f infinite grwth. (在南非，Nelsn Mandela的追隨者必須在他們的想象中變得激進(jìn)，才能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更公平的社會(huì)。生活在極權(quán)主義政權(quán)下想象民主與生活在無(wú)限增長(zhǎng)的世界里想象去增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有什么不同)”可推知，提及Nelsn Mandela是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)其作為歷史變革者的角色，他擁有重新構(gòu)想未來(lái)的獨(dú)特人類特質(zhì)，從而激勵(lì)人們解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題，作為一個(gè)解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題的靈感來(lái)源。故選D。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it. (雖然可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)呼吁將教育轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的力量，但事實(shí)往往恰恰相反：西方社會(huì)對(duì)教育的思考方式削弱了我們應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境危機(jī)的能力。為了度過(guò)這場(chǎng)危機(jī)，我們需要培養(yǎng)我們的想象力，而不是削弱它)”和最后一段中的“The envirnmental crisis is nt a crisis f technlgy r science, it is a crisis f imaginatin. If we let children be ur guides, we might be able t imagine ur way t survival. (環(huán)境危機(jī)不是技術(shù)或科學(xué)的危機(jī)，而是想象力的危機(jī)。如果我們讓孩子成為我們的向?qū)В覀円苍S能夠想象我們的生存之路)”可知，作者認(rèn)為想象力是解決環(huán)境危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵，如果釋放孩子們的想象力并從中得到啟發(fā)，我們或許能夠想象出通往生存的道路。由此推知，作者同意想象力有助于解決環(huán)境危機(jī)的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。
第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)
【答案】35. C 36. B 37. A 38. E 39. G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文屬于說(shuō)明文。文章探討了關(guān)于雞與雞蛋的經(jīng)典問(wèn)題，并通過(guò)介紹一項(xiàng)新的考古研究成果，闡述了家雞馴化史中關(guān)于雞蛋生產(chǎn)的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，以及這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)理解家雞起源和傳播的意義。
【35題詳解】
由下文的“Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries, nce believed t be evidence f early chickens, actually belng t wild birds. (考古學(xué)方法的最新進(jìn)展揭示了許多曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是早期雞的證據(jù)的骨頭發(fā)現(xiàn)，實(shí)際上屬于野生鳥類，)”可知，下文則提到了關(guān)于雞的考古新發(fā)現(xiàn)，說(shuō)明對(duì)于雞如何起源和傳播的故事并不清晰。因此，C選項(xiàng)“Yet, the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear (然而，它們?nèi)绾纹鹪床⒃诠糯澜缰袀鞑サ墓适氯院艽蟪潭壬喜磺宄?”能引起下文，符合題意。故選C。
【36題詳解】
由上文的“Nw, in a new publicatin, an internatinal team f archaelgists, histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin. Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years, the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. (現(xiàn)在，在一份新的出版物中，一個(gè)由考古學(xué)家、歷史學(xué)家和生物分子科學(xué)家組成的國(guó)際團(tuán)隊(duì)提出了最早的明確證據(jù)，證明養(yǎng)雞是為了產(chǎn)蛋。研究人員從12個(gè)考古遺址收集了大約1500年的蛋殼碎片，研究人員表明，從公元前400年到公元1000年，雞在中亞被廣泛飼養(yǎng)，并可能沿著古絲綢之路傳播。)”可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的蛋殼，本空繼續(xù)談?wù)撨@些蛋殼的發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義。B選項(xiàng)“The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn. (大量蛋殼進(jìn)一步表明，這些鳥是在淡季產(chǎn)卵的。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選B。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)下文的“They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad. They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. (他們從絲綢之路中亞主要走廊沿線的遺址收集了數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的蛋殼碎片。然后，他們使用一種稱為ZMS的生物分子分析方法來(lái)確定卵子的來(lái)源。這些殼碎片被鑒定為雞，以及它們?cè)诿總€(gè)地點(diǎn)的豐度，使研究人員得出了一個(gè)重要的結(jié)論。)”可知，下文談?wù)摿藞F(tuán)隊(duì)做的工作，故本空也與團(tuán)隊(duì)做的工作有關(guān)。A選項(xiàng)“T reach these cnclusins, the team did a lt f wrk (為了得出這些結(jié)論，團(tuán)隊(duì)做了大量工作)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選A。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)上文的“The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. (這些殼碎片被鑒定為雞，以及它們?cè)诿總€(gè)地點(diǎn)的豐度，使研究人員得出了一個(gè)重要的結(jié)論。)”可知，本空要闡述這一結(jié)論，根據(jù)下文的“In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窩). (在野外，這種鳥每年筑巢一次，通常每窩產(chǎn)六個(gè)蛋)”可知，這種鳥下蛋更多，E選項(xiàng)“The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr, the red jungle fwl (這些鳥一定比它們的野生祖先紅原雞更頻繁地下蛋)”是對(duì)研究結(jié)果的直接闡述，能承上啟下，符合題意。故選E。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)上文的“Taken tgether, the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the chicken and the egg. (總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)新研究為古老的雞生蛋還是蛋生雞之謎提供了答案。)”可知，最后一個(gè)空格要求總結(jié)全文，總結(jié)研究的核心發(fā)現(xiàn)。G選項(xiàng)“As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday. (正如中亞的證據(jù)所表明的那樣，大量產(chǎn)蛋的能力使雞成為我們今天所知道的雞。)”既回應(yīng)了文章開頭的問(wèn)題，也總結(jié)了研究的核心發(fā)現(xiàn)，大量產(chǎn)蛋的能力使雞成為我們今天所知道的雞，能承接上文，符合題意。故選G。
第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
【答案】40. (ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine.
41. It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and imprve shrt-term memry.
42. Althugh triggers f ASMR are different, they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng peple. Accrding t the passage, the intensity f the respnse varies widely by individuals.
43. Pssible versin 1: Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attentin away frm what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my prblem mre readily. (41w)
Pssible versin 2: I may talk my prblem ut with my parents r friends. Thrugh an in-depth chat, I may clear my mind and wrk ut sme plausible ways t deal with the prblem causing my anxiety. (34w)
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文屬于說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了自主感官經(jīng)絡(luò)反應(yīng)（ASMR）的概念、其常見(jiàn)觸發(fā)因素、對(duì)身心健康的潛在益處，以及目前研究存在的局限性。
【40題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由文章第一段中“These vides are designed t trigger an autnmus sensry meridian (經(jīng)絡(luò)) respnse, r ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine. (這些視頻旨在觸發(fā)自主感覺(jué)經(jīng)絡(luò)反應(yīng)，即ASMR，一種愉快的感覺(jué)，從頭頂向下到頸部后部，再到脊柱上部。)”可知，自主感官經(jīng)絡(luò)反應(yīng)（ASMR）是一種令人愉快的感覺(jué)，從頭頂向下延伸至頸部后方，直至上脊柱。故答案為：(ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine.
【41題詳解】
考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Clear evidence shws that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data als shws that it can imprve shrt-term memry. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR vides had lwer heart rates and bld pressure, physical signals f relaxatin. In additin, they fund that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns assciated with relaxatin and stress relief. (明確的證據(jù)表明，ASMR可以減輕壓力和焦慮。數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，它可以改善短期記憶。在特定情況下，觀看ASMR視頻的參與者心率和血壓較低，這是放松的身體信號(hào)。此外，他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)ASMR會(huì)觸發(fā)與放松和減壓相關(guān)的大腦活動(dòng)模式。)”可知，ASMR可以減輕壓力和焦慮，改善短期記憶。故答案為：It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and imprve shrt-term memry.
【42題詳解】
考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Based n the previus studies, the researchers cncluded that examples f triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sunds, and it is imprtant t nte that specific triggers f ASMR and the intensity f the respnse vary widely by individuals. (基于之前的研究，研究人員得出結(jié)論，觸發(fā)因素包括耳語(yǔ)、敲擊聲和自然聲音，值得注意的是，ASMR的具體觸發(fā)因素和反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度因人而異。)”可知，不同人對(duì)相同觸發(fā)因素的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度可能不同，而非相似。因此，錯(cuò)誤部分為：“they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng different peple (它們可能會(huì)在不同人中引起相似強(qiáng)度的反應(yīng))”，因?yàn)閷?shí)際上反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度是因人而異的。故答案為：Althugh triggers f ASMR are different, they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng different peple. Accrding t the passage, the intensity f the respnse varies widely by individuals.
【43題詳解】
開放性問(wèn)題。如果時(shí)間允許，我可以到一個(gè)陌生的地方去城市散步。在一個(gè)新地方漫無(wú)目的地游蕩會(huì)讓我精神煥發(fā)，把我的注意力從導(dǎo)致我壓力的原因上轉(zhuǎn)移開。心情輕松，我可以更容易地面對(duì)我的問(wèn)題。故答案為：Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attentin away frm what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my prblem mre readily.
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 【答案】Dear Jim,
Hearing abut yur prblem in rehearsal, I’d like t prvide yu with sme suggestins.
I d understand that bth f yu want t make the perfrmance better. S, yu can list ut the available time perids fr the rehearsal rm, divide it equally int tw, and then decide n the right t use it thrugh negtiatin r drawing lts.
When the rehearsal rm is nt available, yu can arrange sme individual training in ther classrms r even n the playgrund. This way, yur practice in the rehearsal rm will be mre effective.
I hpe my suggestins can be helpful t yu and wish yu a successful perfrmance. Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。外國(guó)筆友Jim來(lái)信向你傾訴他的煩惱：學(xué)校藝術(shù)節(jié)展演在即，他任社長(zhǎng)的舞蹈社與朋友的音樂(lè)社都想在學(xué)校僅有的一間排練練習(xí)，導(dǎo)致兩個(gè)社團(tuán)都無(wú)法充分排練，要求考生按照要求給他寫一封電子郵件。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
建議：suggestin→ prpsal
理解：understand→ cmprehend
安排：arrange→ schedule
有效的：effective→ efficacius
2.句式拓展
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
原句：Hearing abut yur prblem in rehearsal, I’d like t prvide yu with sme suggestins.
拓展句：After hearing abut yur prblem in rehearsal, I’d like t prvide yu with sme suggestins.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Hearing abut yur prblem in rehearsal, I’d like t prvide yu with sme suggestins.（運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞Hearing作狀語(yǔ)）
【高分句型2】I d understand that bth f yu want t make the perfrmance better.（運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句）

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