河南省鄭州外國語學校2025屆高三下學期3月調研考試（八）英語試卷（Word版附答案）-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

（120分鐘 150分）
聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. What des the wman plan t purchase?
A. A curtain.B. Clth.C. Paint.
2. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. What life is like in the UK.
B. Their favrite dragns in films.
C. The meanings f dragn in different cultures.
3. What des the man ask the wman t d?
A. Put n mre clthes.B. Buy sme scks fr him.C. Pay her energy bill.
4. Hw sn will the wman prbably cllect the man?
A. In an hur.B. In tw hurs.C. In fifteen minutes.
5. Where are the speakers prbably?
A. In a classrm.B. In the wild.C. In a hspital.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. What d we knw abut the Pallas's cat?
A. It is very friendly.B. It is expert at hunting.C. It lks nthing like a cat.
7. What mainly causes the decrease f Pallas's cats?
A. Human factrs.B. Being killed by wlves.C. Sme unknwn diseases.
聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。
8. What is the man's jb prbably?
A. A tur guide.B. A ship captain.C. A seaprt manager.
9. Which cuntry is the wman frm?
A. China.B. Singapre.C. Italy.
聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
10. What type f play have the speakers prbably seen?
A. A dramatic cmedy.B. A serius drama.C. A light-hearted cmedy.
11. What des the wman say abut the play?
A. It made her laugh.
B. It met her expectatin.
C. It asked sme silly and shallw questins.
12. What did the sheet represent accrding t the speakers?
A. The main character's lss f mrals.
B. The cuple's relatinship.
C. The certainty f death.
聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
13. Hw des the wman prbably feel in the beginning?
A. Angry.B. Anxius.C. Sad.
14. Why des the wman need t rest?
A. She is sick.B. She hurt her knee.C. She can't sleep.
15. What is the man ging t d this afternn?
A. D sme wrk.B. Visit his parents.C. Take the kids t the park.
16. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Dctr and patient.
B. Bss and secretary.
C. Husband and wife.
聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
17. What is the purpse f the talk?
A. T explain why the flight is delayed.
B. T explain hw t find cheap flights.
C. T explain safety instructins n an airplane.
18. Which cuntry is the flight flying t?
A. France.B. The UK.C. Canada.
19. What is the first rule fr the listeners t fllw?
A. Putting ut cigarettes befre barding.
B. Keeping seated as the plane takes ff.
C. Wearing their seat belts n the jurney.
20. Hw lng will peple get banned frm the airline fr smking n an airplane?
A. At least ne year.B. At least five mnths.C. At least three mnths.
第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
Nrth Rim t repen n June 2 with limited services available
News Release Date: May 17, 2023
Cntact: J?lle Baird, 928-606-3154
Grand Canyn, Ariz
The Nrth Rim f Grand Canyn Natinal Park will pen as scheduled, n June 2, with limited visitr services and water cnservatin measures due t a break in the Nrth Rim water pipeline. A landslide frm winter strms destryed mre than 300 feet f the Nrth Rim water pipeline.
Visitr Services
The Grand Canyn Ldge will perate day-use services with limited fd and beverage service beginning n June 2. N vernight accmmdatins will be available until at least July 23, 2023.
The Nrth Rim Campgrund, managed by the Natinal Park Service, will perate as scheduled beginning n June 9 with ptable drinking water and tilets available. The public laundry and shwer facilities will nt be pen at least thrugh July 23, 2023.
The Nrth Rim Visitr Center and Grand Canyn Cnservancy’s bkstre pen as usual, 8 am t 6 pm daily, with a variety f ranger prgrams ffered.
Visitrs explring the Nrth Rim this summer shuld be self-sufficient and shuld bring adequate fd and water fr the day as services are limited and may be subject t change. Nearby, accmmdating is available at the Kaibab Ldge and fd services and fuel at the Nrth Rim Cuntry Stre. Year-rund accmmdating, fd services and fuel are lcated 45 miles nrth f the Nrth Rim at Jacb Lake. As a result f substantial winter rckfall and landslides, trail repair wrk n the Nrth Kaibab Trail cntinues. There is a trail clsure in effect n the Nrth Kaibab Trail and it will fficially repen n June 16, 2023.
21. Which was nt affected and pens as usual?
A. The public laundry. B. The Grand Canyn Ldge.
C. The Nrth Kaibab Trail. D. The Nrth Rim Visitr Center.
22. What can we learn abut the Nrth Kaibab Trail frm the text?
A. It ffers fd service.B. It is arund Jacb Lake.
C. It is under repair nw.D. It pens all the year arund.
23. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T warn visitrs f the ncming landslide.
B. T infrm visitrs f schedules f sme attractins.
C. T appeal t mre visitrs t the Grand Canyn Natinal Park.
D. T advertise the prducts f the Grand Canyn Natinal Park.
B
In Hindman, Kentucky, a grup f wmen, knwn as the "bk wmen", usually set ff n hrseback at dawn, t pick their way alng snwy hillsides and thrugh muddy streams with a simple gal: t deliver reading materials t remte muntain cmmunities.
The Pack Hrse Library initiative was part f President Franklin Rsevelt's Wrks Prgress Administratin (WPA), created t help lift America ut f the Great Depressin, during which, by 1933, unemplyment had risen t 40 percent in Appalachia. This initiative was an pprtunity t bst bth emplyment and literacy at the same time.
The WPA paid the bk carriers salaries. Cunties had t have their wn base libraries frm which the hrse-riding librarians wuld travel. Lcal schls helped cver thse csts, and the reading materials — bks, magazines, and newspapers — were all dnated.
The bk wmen rde 100 t 120 miles a week, n their wn hrses r mules, alng planned rutes, regardless f the weather. If the destinatin was t remte even fr hrses, they dismunted and went n ft.
In mst cases, the bk wmen were hired lcally — accrding t histrian Dnald C. Byd, "a familiar face t therwise distrustful muntain flk." By the end f 1938, there were 274 librarians riding ut acrss 29 cunties. In ttal, the prgram emplyed nearly 1,000 riding librarians.
In additin t prviding reading materials, the bk wmen served as tuchstnes fr these cmmunities. They tried t fill bk requests, smetimes stpped t read t thse wh culdn't, and helped develp lcal pride. As ne recipient said, "The bks yu brught us have saved ur lives. It s ur duty t visit the library and t help in every way that we can, s that we may keep it as an active actr in ur cmmunity."
24. What did the Pack Hrse Library initiative aim t d?
A. Link remte cmmunities. B. Enrich life in the cuntry.
C. Supprt the lcal schls. D. Prvide jb pprtunities.
25. Which aspect f the initiative is presented in paragraph 3?
A. The peratin mde. B. The librarian selectin.
C. The histrical backgrund.D. The cmmunity engagement.
26. What was the main reasn fr mst f the bk wmen being hired lcally?
A. They were excellent hrse riders.B. They were familiar with the rutes.
C. They culd be trusted mre easily.D. They culd be hired at a lw cst.
27. What can the bk wmen be regarded as accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Scial activists. B. Cmmunity facilitatrs.
C. Infrmatin prviders. D. Bk reviewers.
C
Recent research reveals that the adptin f generative artificial intelligence (AI) by cmpanies in the US has a disprprtinate impact n wmen. Accrding t a recent analysis, apprximately 79% f the jbs lst t AI were held by wmen. This difference can be due t several factrs.
Wmen are mre likely t wrk in industries that are highly be influenced by autmatin, such as retail, hspitality, and administrative supprt. These sectrs ften invlve repetitive tasks that can be easily autmated by AI technlgies. Cnsequently, wmen emplyed in these industries face a higher risk f jb displacement.
Gender biases in AI algrithms (運算法則) can wrsen the situatin fr wmen. AI systems are trained n histrical data, which may reflect existing gender biases in hiring and prmtin practices. This can result in biased decisin-making during recruitment and perfrmance evaluatins, putting wmen at a disadvantage in the wrkplace.
The lack f diversity in the develpment f AI technlgies cntributes t the gender difference. The underrepresentatin f wmen in the field f AI means that their perspectives and experiences are nt adequately cnsidered during the design and develpment prcess. As a result, AI systems may nt fully understand r cater t the needs f wmen, cntinuusly leading t gender inequalities.
T address these challenges, it is crucial t priritize diversity and inclusin in the develpment and deplyment f AI technlgies. This invlves increasing the representatin f wmen in AI-related fields and ensuring diverse perspectives are cnsidered during the design and testing phases. Additinally, cmpanies shuld actively wrk twards eliminating gender biases in AI algrithms and regularly assess their impact n different demgraphic grups.
In cnclusin, althugh men currently dminate the labr market, wmen bear a disprprtinate burden due t the adptin f generative AI. The cmbinatin f industry cmpsitin, gender biases in algrithms, and lack f diversity in AI develpment cntribute t this disparity. T relieve these effects, it is essential t priritize diversity and inclusin in AI develpment and address gender biases in algrithms. Only thrugh these effrts can we ensure that the benefits f AI are distributed equitably amng all individuals, regardless f gender.
28. Why are wmen in the US wrkfrce mre influenced by the adptin f generative AI than men?
Wmen are less adaptable t technlgical changes.
Wmen have a lwer level f educatin cmpared t men.
Wmen are generally less skilled in technlgy and AI-related fields.
Wmen are mre likely t wrk in industries that are highly autmatable.
29. Which f the fllwing strategies can reduce the ptential negative impact n wmen?
A. Increasing gender prprtin in AI develpment teams.
B. Prviding targeted training and prgrams fr wmen and giving them mre chances in AI-related fields.
C. Encuraging wmen t pursue careers in nn-autmatable industries.
D. Offering financial supprts t cmpanies that priritize gender diversity in AI prgrammes.
30. Why is it imprtant t priritize diversity and inclusin in AI develpment?
A. It ensures equal pprtunities fr wmen in the wrkfrce.
B. It prmtes innvatin and creativity in AI slutins.
C. It reduces the risk f biased algrithms that perpetuate gender inequalities.
D. It imprves the verall perfrmance and effectiveness f AI systems.
31. What is the main idea f the article?
A. The impact f AI n jb lsses in the US.
B. The rle f wmen in AI-related fields.
C. Gender biases in AI algrithms and their effects n wmen.
D. Slutins t address challenges faced by wmen due t generative AI.
D
Peple vary in hw well they discriminate and identify fds. The variatin is explained by a general ability t recgnize bjects. We researchers riginally therized the variability might als be assciated with peple's attitude tward new fds. Thse wh endrse statements like "I am particular abut what I eat" have fd nephbia — refusal f fd nvelty. Sure enugh, ur study did find picky eaters scred wrst n ur tests f fd recgnitin: Fd nephbia is negatively crrelated with fd recgnitin ability.
While we were publishing ur finding, scientists were debating new findings abut hw the brain reacts t fd and clr. Different research grups had identified brain areas in the visual system that respnded preferentially t images f fd. Fr instance,lking at a bwl f ndles wuld activate these brain areas, but nt lking at a pile f string.The scientific disagreement was abut what it meant t identify a selectivity fr fd in brain areas already knwn fr their respnsiveness t clr.
We repeated ur initial study with gray-scale images f fd. The result shwed withut clr, peple unsurprisingly made mre errrs, mistaking different dishes as the same, but the pattern f variatin acrss peple was therwise unchanged. Thse with a higher general visual ability did better with fd. We als fund ne effect f remving clr: Fd nephbia was n lnger crrelated with fd recgnitin ability. It was as if whatever advantage the adventurus eaters had gained ver picky nes was all dependent n clr.
We then made an entirely new predictin: Wuld peple with clr blindness be less fd nephbic than thse with nrmal clr perceptin? Because the clrblind experience fd in a restricted range f clr,certain signals that raise flags abut freshness, safety, r therwise drive anxiety abut nvel fd culd be limited.
We invited participants nline, based n hw they answered ne questin abut clr blindness buried in a lng screening questinnaire.The survey suggested clrblind peple were indeed less fd nephbic than the nn- clrblind. Seeing the wrld with a narrw clr range seems t ease an emtin-based resistance t nvel fds.
Our findings pave the way fr addressing extreme cases f fd nephbia. As researchers learn mre abut the cmplicated relevance between clr perceptin and fd, we might develp targeted interventins t imprve dietary habits.
What des the underlined wrd "endrse " mean in paragraph 1?
A. Cmment n.B. Apprve f.C. Wrry abut.D. Argue against.
33. What's the purpse f writing paragraph 2?
A. T illustrate an argument.
B. T emphasize the value f science.
C. T explain the backgrund f later tests.
D. T indicate a psitive academic atmsphere
34. Why are clrblind peple less fd nephbic accrding t the study?
A. They're brn with a bigger appetite.
B. They're mre expert at recgnizing fd.
C. They prefer t take risks and try fresh things.
D. They fail t perceive sme fd signs causing tensin.
35. Hw did the authr uncver the effect f clr n emtinal respnses t fd?
A. By experiencing fd diversity firsthand.
B. By analyzing feedback frm respndents.
C. By testing brains' reactin t clrful fds.
D. By mnitring picky eaters' dietary variatins.
第二節(jié) 七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）
閱讀短文內容, 從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。
In sme wrkplaces like Mysin Marketing in Austin, Texas, an unusual activity takes place at the start f grup emplyee meetings. 36 At first, emplyees thught it was strange, but later they fund it beneficial as it helped them relax.
Studies shw that deep breathing can effectively reduce stress at wrk. Hwever, many wrkers dn't pay attentin t their breathing while wrking. Fr example, thse sitting at cmputers fr lng hurs ften take shallw breaths, and thse n their feet all day might be t busy. 37
Deep breathing has multiple benefits. Firstly, it's free and can be dne anywhere. 38 Als, fcusing n breathing can calm the mind by getting rid f racing thughts.
Different peple have their wn ways t practice deep breathing. Lisa Marie Deleveaux, wh lst her jb and is lking fr a new ne, des it early in the mrning. 39 Anther example is Lindsay Carlisle, a sales representative, wh des breathing exercises with her daughter during the drive t schl and finds it calming.
Mrever, there are varius breathing exercises with different techniques. Fr instance, there's a 16-secnd breathing exercise called bx breathing. 40 Emplyers like Cca-Cla, Mattel and Netflix have als recgnized the value f such breathing r meditatin practices and used relevant services fr their emplyees.
It desn't cst much time cmpared t a lng meditatin sessin.
B. She uses a specific way t breathe in and ut thrugh different nstrils.
C. They d it because they have nthing else t d during wrk.
D. Emplyees gather n Zm and d a deep-breathing exercise led by the bss.
E. It requires peple t have prfessinal guidance when ding it.
F. Peple shuld d it nly when they are feeling extremely stressed.
G. It can help peple calm dwn befre facing challenging situatins at wrk.
第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題；每小題1分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
As a graduate student in Chicag, Andria was given the much exhausting jb f cllecting survey data as part f an academic research prject. Each time she apprached a passer-by, she thught she wuld be tld hw annyed they were. Yet the bad respnses 41 came. Many mre peple were
42 t answer the questinnaires than she had 43 .
Was it pssible, she wndered, that mst f us are wrng abut whether peple want t respnd t ur requests? Over the fllwing decade, she cnducted multiple studies that 44 this was indeed the case: under many circumstances, peple are ften mre likely t 45 than we assume.
46 , it seemed that the results prvided a refreshingly 47 view f human nature. “It is
48 t knw that peple are mre likely t d things fr yu than expected.” Hwever, with time ging by and mre reflectins n the results, Andria has cme t 49 that her results reflect a brader tendency that we usually 50 hw much influence ur wrds can have n thers, whether we’re asking them t 51 gd r bad actins. Peple ften agree t d what they are asked because they find it t 52 t say n, even smetimes feeling uncmfrtable with ur
53 .
Knwing this can help us understand hw ur demands might 54 ther peple particularly in the wrkplace, helping us adjust ur needs accrdingly in ways that respect peple’s 55 and withut taking what they have dne fr us fr granted.
A. frequentlyB. eventuallyC. rarelyD. tentatively
A. reluctantB. readyC. accessibleD. hesitant
A. recgnizedB. transferredC. cmmittedD. anticipated
A. made frB. marked utC. made utD. made sure
A. ignreB. cperateC. rejectD. cmplain
A. On the surfaceB. On the whleC. On the cntraryD. On the g
A. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. ptimistic
A. ridiculusB. awesmeC. discuragingD. influential
A. denyB. dubtC. appreciateD. subscribe
A. undervalueB. verstateC. misleadD. crrelate
A. imitateB. perceiveC. measureD. perfrm
A. awkwardB. deliberateC. trublesmeD. amused
A. recmmendatins B. requestsC. questsD. annuncements
A. distinguishB. impressC. emergeD. impact
A. defenseB. assumptinsC. bundariesD. cnfusin
第二節(jié) （共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Vlha Halpyarvich, a Belarusian native, first experienced the healing pwer f traditinal Chinese medicine (TCM) during her childhd. “When I had a cld, my mm wuld make a cupping (拔火罐), a technique 56 (invlve) placing cups n the skin t create suctin (吸力),” shared Halpyarvich, nw in her 57 (thirty). Her fascinatin with Chinese medicine 58 (grw) even mre since she mved t China ver twelve years ag.
Living in a cmmunity with a lcal drugstre stcked with Chinese herbs, Halpyarvich had the pprtunity 59 (cnsult) an experienced TCM dctr. This wise ld gentleman began with a thrugh diagnsis, after 60 he accurately identified her health issues, prviding a direct treatment fr her bdy. “I was really surprised that he culd tailr a medicinal recipe specifically fr me even 61 asking many questins,” she recalled.
TCM, accrding t Halpyarvich, views the bdy as 62 universe cnnected with nature, fcusing n enhancing circulatin and remving blcks fr imprved well-being, which she fund 63 (benefit) after underging treatment.
Fr Halpyarvich, TCM isn’t merely a treatment 64 a lifestyle that includes diet, sleep patterns, and ther life-related aspects. Frm cupping t persnalized herbal treatments, she encurages thers t explre 65 Chinese traditinal medicine has t ffer.
第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié), 滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
假定你是李華，上學期你校發(fā)起了一項活動，倡議每個班級都養(yǎng)綠植(greenery )。請你給曾經(jīng)的外教Linda寫一封郵件介紹相關情況，內容包括：
1.活動內容；
2. 活動的效果和反響。
注意:
寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Dear Linda,
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的文章。
Next t ur huse lived an ld cuple, wh, accustmed t cuntry life, were unwilling t mve t the city t live with their sn and stuck in a lnely existence fr many years. It seemed that they didn’t feel like making any new cnnectins with thers, including their next-dr neighburs.
The neighbrhd kids nicknamed the strange ld cuple Crazy Jack and Ruby Rednse. Rumr was that they sat inside and drank tea all day. The nly wrds we ever heard frm them were “Keep ut f ur rsebushes!” The rsebushes crawled alng the fence. Or rather, they served as a fence between ur huse and theirs, vergrwing the supprt.
I was eleven at the time and the ldest f ur family girls. A suitable playing curt was a headache prblem fr us when we felt like playing sftball games, which was ur favurite sprt then. We shuld have played ur sftball games elsewhere t avid hurting the rses, but we secretly enjyed annying Crazy Jack and Ruby Rednse.
One day, we had a sftball game in ur yard. Mary was trying t catch a fly ball. She stumbled (絆倒) ver ne f Ruby Rednse’s rsebushes and fell n tp f several mre. Just at that mment, Ruby Rednse sprang ut and ran tward Mary. She screamed angrily, “Lk at what yu’ve dne t ur family’s rses! Yu’ve always been a truble. Yu have n idea what this rsebush means t me!”
Hearing this, my sisters and I ran int ur huse. Breathlessly, we tld Mm what had happened. “Girls, I have tld yu nt t play sftball near thse bushes. Cme utside right nw and help me fix them.” “Mm, we thught yu didn’t like the cuple,” we prtested. “They’re mean t us.” Mm just glared at us. We fllwed her utside t help repair the rse fence. While Mm was examining the damaged rses, Ruby slwly walked ut. She lked sad. And it wasn’t her nse that was red, but her eyes.
注意：
續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150字左右。
請按如下格式在答題卡相應位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Ruby walked ver t my mther, we girls hlding ur breath._____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
A few weeks later, the plants all came back t life. _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
英語調研八參考答案
聽力理解：1-5 BCACB 6-10. BACBB 11-15. ABBAA 16-20. CCACA
閱讀理解：21-23. DCB 24-27. DACB 28-31. DBCC 32-35. BCDB 36-40. DGABE
完形填空：41-45. CBDDB 46-50.ADBCA 51-55. DABDC
語篇填空： 56．invlving 57．thirties 58．has grwn/has been grwing 59．t cnsult 60．which 61．withut 62．a 63．beneficial 64．but 65．what
應用文范文：
Dear Linda,
I’m delighted t share with yu an exciting initiative we’ve launched at ur schl—“Greenery in Every Classrm.”
The prject kicked ff with each class selecting a variety f plants t cultivate. We began with a special planting sessin where students enthusiastically ptted seeds and saplings. The subsequent weeks were filled with a shared respnsibility as we watered ur tiny green friends. This hands-n experience with nature has nt nly brightened ur classrms but als sparked a genuine interest in btany and envirnmental cnservatin. The initiative has been met with widespread enthusiasm and even made the headlines in the lcal newspaper.
I’m eager t hear yur thughts n this prject. Yur insights wuld be greatly appreciated.
Yurs,
Li Hua
讀后續(xù)寫答案
Ruby walked ver t my mther, we girls hlding ur breath. We waited t see wh wuld shut first and what terrible things wuld be said. “We are srry abut the flwers. The girls will fix them and help weed the rses.” said Mm. My sisters and I lked at each ther in hrrr, but Ruby smiled thrugh her tears. “I knw we’re particular abut these rses, but they’re very special because they remind me f my mther.” Sn bth wmen were dwn n their knees examining the damaged bushes tgether.
A few weeks later, the plants all came back t life. My mther and Ruby wrked tgether n the rses all summer and many summers t fllw. S did my sisters and I. A friendship was frmed between the families. Ruby became part f ur family, spending many happy hurs at ur huse, especially during cuntless birthdays, graduatins and weddings. And the rse fence wasn’t a fence any lnger. My mther had turned it int a bridge.

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