The human vice is a delicate thing.Each persn’s distinctive vice is prduced when air frm the lungs causes the vcal crds (聲帶) t vibrate (震顫).These vcal crds can easily get damaged.Accrding t a 2005 study,30% f the ppulatin will experience a vice disrder at sme pint in their life.
In a study published in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins this week,a grup f biengineering researchers frm the University f Califrnia have put frward an attractive slutin.They have designed and tested a sft patch (小片) that can be stuck nt a persn’s neck,where it will pick up muscle mvements and,with the help f machine-learning algrithms (算法) that prcess the signals,translate them int speech.
When a persn lses their vice tday,the easiest fix is t turn t typing,texting,r writing ntes t cmmunicate.Typing can be slw and cnvenient,says Jun Chen,the paper’s lead authr,and writing ntes is nly pssible in gd lighting.The new slutin wuld therefre be able t clear all these hurdles.
Dr.Chen’s device wrks based n smething called the magnetelastic effect.Essentially,when tiny magnetic (磁性的) bits are placed int sft materials,their magnetic prperties can change as the material is stretched.
When the thrat muscles mve under the sft patch,the resulting magnetelastic effects can be changed int electrical signals.In a test with eight participants,the variatins can be changed by electrical signals.
Researchers recrded the signals as the subjects spke and muthed five different sentences.They then trained a machine-learning mdel which was then able t predict which f the five sentences the participants spke—whether alud r in silence—with mre than 90% accuracy.
There is a way t g yet,fr nw the device can nly recgnize the five phrases it was trained n.Plus,t make it practical at scale,the researchers will need t cllect a lt mre data.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)最新的科學(xué)研究成果,即一種可以貼在人脖子上的軟貼片,能夠通過捕捉肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為語言。
1.What des the authr mainly want t tell us in paragraph 1?
A.Lungs are easily damaged.
B.The human vice is unique.
C.Vcal crds vibrate t prduce sund.
D.Vice disrders are a prblem wrthy f attentin.
答案 D
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知,本段主要想告訴我們聲音障礙是一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問題。
2.Why des the authr mentin the magnetelastic effect?
A.T explain the wrking principle.
B.T present a slutin.
C.T intrduce the challenge.
D.T make a cmparisn.
答案 A
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“They have designed and tested a sft signals,translate them int speech.”、第三段和第四段的“Dr.Chen’s device wrks based n smething called the magnetelastic effect.”可知,作者提到magnetelastic effect是為了解釋貼片的工作原理。
3.What is the functin f the sft patch?
A. Predicting five different sentences.
B.Destrying the backgrund magnetic field.
C.Slwing the mvements f thrat muscles.
D.Helping turn muscle mvements int electrical signals.
答案 D
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Essentially,when tiny magnetic (磁性的) bits are placed int sft materials,their magnetic prperties can change as the material is stretched.”以及第五段的“When the thrat muscles mve under the sft patch,the resulting magnetelastic effects can be changed int electrical signals.”可知,軟貼片的功能是幫助將肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為電信號(hào)。
4.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A.Predicting the Imprtance f Vice Restratin
B.Using Algrithms in Biengineering Research
C. Overcming Vice Lss with an Innvative Patch
D.Finding the Principle f Cmmunicatin Devices
答案 C
解析 主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知,本文主要講述了一種可以貼在人脖子上的軟貼片,能夠通過捕捉肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為語言,所以C項(xiàng)“Overcming Vice Lss with an Innvative Patch(用創(chuàng)新的貼片克服失聲)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。
Passage 2 (2024福建莆田二模)
主題:刻意學(xué)習(xí) 詞數(shù):306 難度:★★★☆☆
The year is 1763,and a 7-year-ld Mzart is abut t set ff n a tur arund Eurpe that will jump-start the Mzart legend.Mzart had a trick up his sleeve.When yung Mzart heard a nte played—any nte—he culd immediately identify exactly which nte it was.It was an ability nw we knw as “perfect pitch”,and it seemed t be an example f the mysterius gifts that yung geniuses had been brn with.But is that really s?
Over my years f studying experts in varius fields,like Mzart,I have fund that there’s n such thing as a predefined ability.Actually,thse peple all develp their abilities thrugh “deliberate practice”,a purpseful and systematic type f practice that makes it pssible fr them t d things they therwise culd nt.In them,ptential is an expandable vessel,shaped by the varius things they d thrughut their lives.
One f my testimnies came frm Ray Allen,a ten-time All-Star in the NBA.Allen’s jump sht was nt nticeably better than his teammates’ back in high schl;in fact,it was pr.But with hard wrk and dedicatin,he transfrmed his jump sht int ne s graceful and natural that peple assumed he was brn with it.
But it desn’t mean “Just keep wrking at it,and yu’ll get there”.Heartfelt desire and hard wrk alne will nt lead t imprved perfrmance.The right srt f practice carried ut ver a sufficient perid f time will lead t imprvement.Nthing else.And this is true whether ur gal is t becme a cncert pianist r just play the pian well enugh t amuse urselves,t be the greatest three-pint shter r just build urselves up.Deliberate practice is the gld standard fr anyne in any field wh wishes t build new skills and abilities.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家似乎具有某種與生俱來的神秘能力,但作者通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這些人都是通過“刻意練習(xí)”來發(fā)展他們的能力的,刻意練習(xí)是任何人在任何領(lǐng)域希望建立新的技能和能力的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
5.Why is Mzart’s perfect pitch mentined in paragraph 1?
A.T intrduce an inbrn talent.
B.T explain reasns fr success.
C.T lead t reflectin n gifts.
D.T define a brilliant trick.
答案 C
解析 推理判斷題。第一段中的“It was an ability nw we knw as ‘perfect pitch’,and it seemed t be an example f the mysterius gifts that yung geniuses had been brn with.But is that really s?”提到年輕的莫扎特具有似乎是天生的神秘天賦——“絕對(duì)音高”的能力,接著提出一個(gè)問題,事實(shí)真的是這樣嗎?接著第二段中的“Actually,thse peple all develp their abilities thrugh ‘deliberate practice’”提到實(shí)際上這些人都是通過“刻意練習(xí)”來發(fā)展他們的能力的,故作者提到莫扎特的“絕對(duì)音高”能力是為了導(dǎo)入對(duì)天賦的思考。
6.Which is the mst imprtant in making an expert accrding t the writer?
A.Affectin. B.Experience.
C.Training.D.Gifts.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The right srt f practice carried t build new skills and abilities.”可知,在作者看來,成為專家最重要的是刻意練習(xí)。
7.What des the underlined wrd “testimnies” mean in paragraph 3?
A.Challenges.B.Prfs.
C.Cmments.D.Puzzles.
答案 B
解析 詞句猜測(cè)題。第二段中的“Actually,thse peple all develp their abilities thrugh ‘deliberate practice’,a purpseful and systematic type f practice that makes it pssible fr them t d things they therwise culd nt.”提到,這些非凡的能力并非天生,而是通過“刻意練習(xí)”來發(fā)展的,結(jié)合畫線詞下文可知,本段是通過Ray Allen的例子佐證上文的說法,由此推知畫線詞所在句意為“我的一個(gè)佐證來自Ray Allen,一個(gè)十次入選NBA全明星的球員”,testimnies意為“證據(jù)”。
8.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Secret f Great Talents
B.Brn t Stand Out
C.A Surprising Discvery
D.Start When Yung
答案 A
解析 主旨大意題。結(jié)合第一段中的“It was an ability nw we knw as ‘perfect pitch’,and it seemed t be an example f the mysterius gifts that yung geniuses had been brn with.But is that really s?”和最后一段中的“Deliberate practice is the gld standard fr anyne in any field wh wishes t build new skills and abilities.”可知,各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家似乎具有某種與生俱來的神秘能力,但作者通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這些人都是通過“刻意練習(xí)”來發(fā)展他們的能力的,刻意練習(xí)是任何人在任何領(lǐng)域希望建立新的技能和能力的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),A項(xiàng)“偉大天賦的秘訣”為最佳標(biāo)題。
Passage 3 (2024陜西渭南二模)
主題:研究新發(fā)現(xiàn) 詞數(shù):340 難度:★★★☆☆
D yu want t ensure yur child hits their expected develpmental milestnes? New UBC research suggests living in areas with high expsure t green space can help set them up fr success.
Fr the study,the researchers at UBC analyzed the develpmental scres f 27,372 children in Metr Vancuver wh attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amunt f green space arund each child’s residence frm birth t age five.They als assessed levels f traffic-related air pllutin and cmmunity nise.
The results highlight the fundamental imprtance f natural green spaces like street trees,parks and cmmunity gardens.“Mst f the children were ding well in their develpment,in terms f language skills,cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) capacity,scializatin and ther utcmes,” says Ingrid Jarvis,a PhD candidate in the department f frest and cnservatin sciences at UBC.“But what’s interesting is that thse children living in a residential lcatin with mre vegetatin and richer natural envirnments shwed better verall develpment than their peers with less green space.”
Accrding t the researchers,the reasn fr this is partly green spaces’ ability t reduce the harmful effects f air pllutin and nise-envirnmental challenges that have been shwn t adversely(不利地) affect children’s health and develpment thrugh increased stress,sleep disturbances and central nervus system damage.“Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and develpmental utcmes amng children,” adds Jarvis.
The researchers assessed early childhd develpment using the Early Develpment Instrument (EDI),a survey cmpleted by kindergarten teachers fr each child.The tl measures a child’s ability t meet age-apprpriate develpmental expectatins.
“Mre research is needed,but ur findings suggest that urban planning effrts t increase green space in residential neighburhds and arund schls are beneficial fr early childhd develpment,with ptential health benefits thrughut life,” says the study’s senir authr Matilda Bsch.“Time in nature can benefit everyne,but if we want ur children t have a gd head start,it’s imprtant t prvide an enriching envirnment thrugh nature cntact.”
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。加拿大一所大學(xué)研究所開展的一項(xiàng)研究表明,居住地環(huán)境的綠地面積對(duì)孩子們的學(xué)業(yè)水平以及未來事業(yè)成功都起到了重要的作用,并且會(huì)影響他們的一生。
9.Which is a key factr in the researchers’ study?
A.The kids’ scres frm schl exams.
B.The average IQ scre f the subjects.
C.The green space where the kids lived.
D.The air pllutin level f the whle city.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知,研究人員分析的關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)之一就是這些孩子們居住地的綠地面積。故選C項(xiàng)。
10.What’s the message implied in paragraph 4?
A.Air pllutin is largely t blame fr kids’ failures.
B.Kids living in a nisy area tend t feel mre stressed.
C.Pllutin harms kids’ nervus system mre than nise.
D.Greenspace is directly linked t kids’ mental develpment.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,居住地的噪聲會(huì)加大孩子們的心理壓力。故選B項(xiàng)。
11.What des Matilda Bsch stress in the last paragraph?
A.The imprtance f nature in kids’ grwth.
B.The rle f research in scientific wrk.
C.The prper way f giving a gd start t kids.
D.The urgency f expanding greenspace in cities.
答案 A
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Time in nature can benefit everyne,but if we want ur children t have a gd head start,it’s imprtant t prvide an enriching envirnment thrugh nature cntact.”可知,Matilda Bsch強(qiáng)調(diào)了大自然在孩子們的健康成長中所起到的重要作用。
12.What culd be a suitable title fr the text?
A.What Are the Health Effects f Nise Pllutin?
B.Green Spaces:A Guarantee fr Kids’ Future Success
C.Urban Green Space and Its Impact n Human Health
D.Time in Nature Aids Early Childhd Develpment
答案 D
解析 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講加拿大一所大學(xué)研究所開展的一項(xiàng)研究表明,居住地環(huán)境的綠地面積對(duì)孩子們的學(xué)業(yè)水平以及未來事業(yè)成功都起到了重要的作用,并且會(huì)影響他們的一生。D項(xiàng)“大自然中的時(shí)間有助于兒童早期發(fā)展”符合題意。

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