
1.掌握八大句子成分2.掌握五大基本句型
英語句子由多個部分構(gòu)成,各部分在句子中起著不同的作用,這些構(gòu)成句子的不同部分被稱為句子成分。正確分析句子成分是英語成績得高分的至關(guān)要素。
概念和位置:句子要說明的人或事物,是句子的主體,通常位于句首。充當:通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等充當。語序:正常:主語+謂語; 全部倒裝:謂語+主語; 部分倒裝:情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語+實義動詞
What he said is nt true.
1)名詞或名詞短語作主語
2)代詞或代詞短語作主語
3)動詞不定式短語作主語
4)動詞ing短語作主語(動名詞)
5)數(shù)詞或數(shù)詞短語作主語
6)名詞化的形容詞短語作主語
7)疑問詞+不定式短語作主語
David arrived last night.
That's OK.
T d mrning exercises is gd fr ur health.
Seeing is believing.
Tw will be enugh.
The blind and the lame are well cared fr in ur cuntry.
Hw t d well is an imprtant questin.
出現(xiàn)形式主語it的常見句型一:
It is nt difficult t learn English well.It was his jb t clean the yard.It tk me a lt f time t finish the task.It is against the law t steal.
it + be + 表語 +fr sb + 不定式,作表語的形容詞是用來描述事情的特征或情況的。如:hard, easy, difficult, likely,imprtant ,necessary, impssible等。
不定式作真正主語的句型中要注意:介詞f和fr的使用
It is nt clever f yu t d this.
It is difficult fr yu t finish the wrk n time.
it + be + 表語 +f sb + 不定式,作表語的形容詞是用來描述sb的特征或品質(zhì)的。如: fl, kind, wise,clever,brave,smart,bright等
2) it + be + 形容詞 + 動詞ing短語
1) it + be + 名詞+ 動詞ing短語
出現(xiàn)形式主語it的常見句型二:
It's n use spending a lt f time n the jb.
這個句型中常見名詞:n gd(沒好處), n use(沒用), a waste(浪費), a wnder(奇跡) 等
It was very hard getting alng well with thse men .
概念和位置: 表示主語的動作或狀態(tài)、謂語由動詞充當,由簡單謂語動詞和復(fù)合謂語動詞之分。一般位于主語之后。充當:一般由動詞短語、系動詞、動詞、“情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+實義動詞”結(jié)構(gòu) 等充當,謂語有時態(tài)與語態(tài)的變化,同時受到句子主語的單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱的制約,如果主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。
說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。
Yu lk smart.
He takes care f the baby.
情態(tài)動詞+ 動詞或動詞短語
助動詞+ 動詞或動詞短語
He will g t Shanghai.
He didn't g t Shanghai.
He has gne t Shanghai.
Yu are students.
He must d the wrk.
將兩個或以上單謂語用并列連詞連接在一起叫并列謂語。
概念:表示及物動詞和及物動詞短語的動作對象或內(nèi)容,或用于介詞后構(gòu)成介詞短語;有的動詞后可以跟兩個賓語,其中表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語,把表示物的賓語稱為直接賓語。位置: 位于及物動詞或介詞之后。充當:通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等充當。
6.動名詞或動名詞短語
1.名詞或相當于名詞的短語
2.代詞或相當于代詞的短語
I accepted yur wise advice.
This bk is wrth reading.
All f us like him.
5.不定式或不定式短語
Give me fur.
He began t learn English a year ag.
He is used t wrking at night.
He did nt knw what t say.
They teach the blind t read.
I wnder if yu'd like t g with us.
4. the + 形容詞表示一類人
I think that he is right.
概念: 說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份,與系動詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。位置:位于系動詞之后。充當:通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞或從句等充當。
I feel much better tday.
The bk is mine.
They are in truble.
My dream is t g t cllege.
They are ver there.
His telephne number is 88888888.
His hbby is cllecting stamps.
My camera is brken.
The truth is what he said just nw.
They are my students.
概念:修飾或限定名詞或代詞的成分叫定語;位置: 定語有前置定語和后置定語。形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、名詞等作定語時一般放于被修飾詞之前,但是在修飾any-,sme-,n, every-等構(gòu)成的單詞,如smething 等時,應(yīng)放于這些復(fù)合不定代詞之后進行修飾。動詞不定式、副詞、介詞短語、從句等作定語時一般放于被修飾詞之后。充當:定語通常由形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞或名詞所有格、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞或從句充當。
1.形容詞或相同于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)
The by there needs a pen.
The by t write this letter needs a pen.
The smiling by needs a pen.
The by needs a pen bught by his mther.
He is a kind-hearted man.
He bught a cffee cup yesterday.
He is a 15-year-ld student.
This bk is Mine.
My father was washing his car.
He is Tm's father.
In the fall we can see a lt f fallen leaves.
Hrses are grass-eating animals.
Let me tell yu a mving stry.
D yu knw the by in the first rw?
I have a lt f wrk t d.
Three bys are running alng the bank.
Yu are the first ne here.
The meeting that yu have missed yesterday was very imprtant.
He is n his way hme.
The girl in a dress is his sister.
The by was Tm.
概念:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,可表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、伴隨、條件、程度、讓步等。狀語位置靈活。位置: 修飾整個句子時放于句首;修飾形容詞或副詞時放于其后;表時間、目的、地點狀語時常放于主句之前或之后,若強調(diào)時則應(yīng)放于主句之前;頻度副詞如almst、ften 等作狀語常放于be 動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后,放于實義動詞之前。充當:通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞、形容詞和從句等充當。
1.副詞或副詞短語作狀語
He speaks English very well.
Ten years ag, she began t live here.
The by was praised fr his bravery.
When she was 12 years ld, she began t play the pian.
They used t play ftball under the tree.
If I am nt busy tmrrw, I will play ftball with yu.
Wearing a pair f sunglasses, he went ut .
She is very weak in physics.
The bx is t heavy fr me t lift.
In rder t get int a gd schl, I must study even harder.
After finishing the wrk he left.
一個句子可以有多個狀語。
Written in a hurry, the article was nt s gd.
概念和位置:有些及物動詞的賓語后需要添加部分內(nèi)容對賓語進行補充說明,補語有兩種,分別是主語補足語、賓語補足語,用來對主語或賓語進行補充說明。充當:常由形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞、副詞等充當。高考英語試題主要考查非謂語動詞作補足語的語法。
1.Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre meaningful.(形容詞做賓補)2. We sincerely wish yu a quick recvery and an early return t China.(名詞短語作賓補)3. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better knwn t British students. (過去分詞短語作賓補)
概念和位置:對句子中某一名詞(詞組)做進一步解釋、說明,與前面的名詞在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語。充當:同位語可用名詞、代詞、名詞短語、同位語從句等充當。
1. humans are.2. This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland's best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. (名詞)
My friend, Mary, bught a beautiful dress in the department last weekend. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓主語 同位語 謂語 定語 賓語 地點狀語 時間狀語
N. 1 主+謂:S+V
謂語動詞為不及物動詞。
1. The sun rises. (rise-rse-risen 是vi,不能帶O.)2. The man died peacefully.3. The first impressin cunts/matters. 4. Class activities will vary frm day?t?day.(2022年新高考I卷)5. Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn in the past ten years.
N. 2 主語+謂語+賓語(S.+V. + O. )
謂語動詞必須是vt或vt的動詞詞組;賓語必須是名詞或相當于名詞的成分。
She brke the vase. I like swimming.I want t buy a huse.They have carried ut the plan successfully.
易混點 1 :只帶 V-ing 做賓語的動詞有:
suggest, advise, stp, resist, enjy, imagine,finish, admit, excuse, delay, practise, cnsider, keep, mind, understand, avid, miss, risk ,succeed in, be busy,be wrth, be used t, give up, lk frward t
易混點 2 :帶 t d 做賓語的動詞有:
ffer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, prmise, help,prepare,decide, determine,refuse, dare,manage,wish, hpe, want, expect, fail,pretend,chse, seem,agree, etc.
N. 3 主語+謂語+雙賓(S. + V. + O.+O. )
此句型中常見的謂語動詞:give buy bring tell send leave pass write take shw get teach pay hand 等。
可借助t的: bring, give, lend, pass, pay, prmise, return, send, shw, teach, tell, write, ask等;可借助fr的:buy, call, ck, chse, draw, find, get, make, rder, sing, save等。
1.He brings me ckies every day.2. Mr Jhnsn taught us German last year. 3. Grandma tld us an interesting stry last night. 4. Pass me the bk,please 5. He shwed the ticket t the cnductr.
N. 4 :主+系+表
N. 4 :主+系+表
1.The car is in gd cnditin2.He lked ftball match is wrk is teaching questin is wh can really repair the flwer smells pleasant.7.A pair f sunglasses prves useful.
N. 5 主謂賓賓補: S+Vt.+O+O.C
The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.Yu must get yur hair cut. They made Tm mnitr.
注意:用 it 做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面,以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即:主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如:find/think/cnsider it +賓補+t d..
I fund it very pleasant t be with yur family.Bth sides cnsider it desirable t further the understanding between the tw peples.
1.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考二模)The wman with a baby in her arms is my sister.A.賓語B.狀語C.表語D.定語【答案】D【詳解】句意:那個懷里抱著一個嬰兒的女人是我的妹妹/姐姐??疾榫渥映煞帧V髡Z是The wman;系動詞是is;表語是my sister;with a baby in her arms介詞短語,作定語,修飾主語The wman。 故選D。
2.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考二模)The teacher said that he wuld g there n time.A.賓語B.主語C.表語D.謂語【答案】A【詳解】句意:老師說他會準時去那里。考查句子成分。這個句子的主干是“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。The teacher(老師)作主語, said(說)作謂語, that he wuld g there n time(他會準時去那里)是賓語從句充當賓語。故這句話的劃線部分是賓語。 故選A。
3.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考二模)His father wrks in a factry.A.謂語B.賓語C.主語D.狀語【答案】A【詳解】句意:他的父親在一個工廠工作??疾榫渥映煞帧is father作主語;wrks不及物動詞作謂語;in a factry作地點狀語。故選A。
4.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考二模)Eating t much is bad fr yur health.A.表語B.主語C.賓語D.謂語【答案】B【詳解】句意:吃得太多對你的健康有害??疾榫渥映煞帧ating t much“吃得太多”;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,劃線部分是動名詞短語在句中作主語,因此B選項符合題意。故選B。
5.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·四川省內(nèi)江市第六中學(xué)校考二模)It is difficult fr me t drive a car.A.真正主語B.形式主語C.狀語D.定語【答案】A【詳解】句意:對我來說開車很難??疾榫渥映煞?。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是it +形容詞+fr sb. +t d sth.,it是形式主語,動詞不定式是真正的主語。故選A。
6.(2023·甘肅天水·天水市逸夫?qū)嶒炛袑W(xué)??寄M預(yù)測)The sentence structure f “Miss Sun lked happily at her lvely sn” is _________.A.S+V+OB.S+VC.S+V+PD.S+V+IO+DO【答案】A【詳解】句意:“孫小姐高興地看著她可愛的兒子”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+謂語+賓語。 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)“Miss Sun lked happily at her lvely sn”可知,Miss Sun是主語;lked happily at是謂語;her lvely sn是賓語。因此句子結(jié)構(gòu)是S+V+O。故選A。
7.(2023·甘肅武威·校考模擬預(yù)測)What is the sentence pattern f “The little by lks s smart.” ?A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+O+OCD.S+V+P【答案】D【詳解】句意:“這個小男孩看起來很聰明”的句型是什么?考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)。The little by主語;lks系動詞;smart表語,所以本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),即S+V+P。故選D。
8.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·四川省內(nèi)江市第六中學(xué)??级#¦e must keep ur classrm clean.A.主語B.謂語C.定語D.賓語補足語【答案】D【詳解】句意:我們必須讓我們的教室保持干凈??疾榫渥映煞??!発eep...+形容詞”意為“讓……保持某種狀態(tài)”,句中“clean”作賓語補足語,故選D。
1.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Jim’s father bught him a schlbag n his birthday.A.表語B.直接賓語C.間接賓語D.主語【答案】C【詳解】句意:吉姆的爸爸在他生日那天給他買了一個書包??疾榫渥映煞帧uy sb sth“給某人買某物”,人作間接賓語,物作直接賓語。故選C。
2.(2020·甘肅·統(tǒng)考中考真題)The sentence pattern f " I enjy living in Gansu." is ________.A.S+V+OB.S+V+PC.S+V +IO+ DOD.S+V +DO+ OC【答案】A【詳解】句意:“I enjy living in Gansu.我喜歡住在甘肅”的句型是主語+謂語+賓語??疾榛揪湫汀+V+O主語+謂語+賓語;S+V+P主語+連系動詞+表語;S+V+IO+DO主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語;S+V+DO+OC主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語?!癐 enjy living in Gansu”這句話中,I作主語,enjy作謂語,動名詞living in Gansu作賓語,故本句為“S+V+O”句型。故選A。
3.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)If yu feel unhappy, yu can ask yur parents r teachers fr help.A.表語B.狀語C.賓語D.主語【答案】B【詳解】句意:如果你感到不開心,你可以向你的父母或老師尋求幫助??疾榫渥映煞?。根據(jù)“If yu feel unhappy”可知這是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,屬于狀語。故選B。
4.(2023·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)I have had the dictinary fr many years.A.狀語B.表語C.定語D.謂語【答案】D【詳解】句意:這本字典我已經(jīng)用了很多年了。考查句子成分。I作主語,have had作謂語,the dictinary作賓語,fr many years作狀語。故選D。
這是一份中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測課件 第15講 代詞,共55頁。PPT課件主要包含了復(fù)習(xí)目標,網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建,知識梳理題型歸納,真題感悟,內(nèi)容索引,PART ONE,考點分析等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測課件 第13講 介詞和介詞短語,共1頁。
這是一份中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測課件 第12講 數(shù)詞,共33頁。PPT課件主要包含了PART ONE,網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建,什么是數(shù)詞, 4~19, 21~99,in?one,s?+,整十的復(fù)數(shù)形式,真題感悟等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
注冊成功