②寒假預(yù)習(xí)-第07講閱讀理解(知識講解+名校新題練)2025年高二英語寒假銜接講練 (譯林版)-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

閱讀理解是高考試題中的重頭戲，因此閱讀理解試題的分數(shù)的得失成為高考英語成敗的關(guān)鍵。任何一位作者都會有自己的寫作意圖，任何一篇文章都會有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的寫作意圖，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的關(guān)鍵，也是閱讀水平高低的體現(xiàn)。為了考察考生對文章的理解程度和閱讀水平，出題者必然會以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進行考察。一般來說，文章的主旨經(jīng)常會被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點，因此高一的同學(xué)們應(yīng)格外注意英語閱讀理解的理解和應(yīng)用，注意其解題過程。
先看問題，再讀文章
做閱讀理解是先看問題，還是先看文章，這是很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常問的問題。我覺得這兩種方法各有利弊，應(yīng)視具體情況而定。就閱讀廣告而言，還是先看問題比較好，因為廣告類的試題絕大部分是尋找信息的題目，大可不必從頭讀到尾，帶著問題有針對性地去跳讀、略讀，這樣就可以節(jié)約不少時間。
抓住廣告的標題
如果廣告有標題，大標題下又有小標題，那么，快速尋找原文信息時，這些標題就成了很重要的線索，可以幫助我們快速準確地找到答案。有些題目考查的就是對廣告標題的理解。
逐項比較，得出最佳
做閱讀理解題，切不可憑主觀印象，想當然地確定答案。任何一道題目，均可以在原文中找到相關(guān)線索，這就如同破譯密碼一樣。做題人的思維過程和編題人的思維過程恰好相反，編題人先找好線索，然后設(shè)計問題和選項，解題人根據(jù)問題，再去文中找相關(guān)線索。因此，我們做題時要逐項比較，排除錯誤選項，得出最佳答案。
4.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想
任何一篇文章都會有一個主旨和中心。有時從文章的第一個段落，甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨大意，從這一段或這個句子，我們就會知道文章描述的是什么(即文章的主題)，也會了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。有時，文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間去濃縮去推斷。這類試題主要考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會駕馭大意的能力，它對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。
5.理解文中具體信息
文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細節(jié)信息的支持，這些細節(jié)對于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。命題人員往往會要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準確地尋求所需的細節(jié)。這類試題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。
6.根據(jù)上下文語境，準確推斷生詞的詞義
正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)，不懂單詞含義根本就談不上理解文章。但英語單詞的含義并非完全等同于詞典中所標注的漢語意思，其含義隨不同的語境會有所不同。能根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。此外，閱讀文章時，常常會遇到一些過去未見過的詞，但許多這類生詞的詞義可以通過上下文推斷出來。這種不使用詞典而通過閱讀上下文來推斷生詞含義的能力，是一個合格的讀者所必須具備的能力，因此也是閱讀測試中經(jīng)常檢測的一種能力。
7.作出簡單判斷和推理
閱讀文章的主要目的是獲取信息，即作者所要傳達的信息。在實際的閱讀活動中，有時需要根據(jù)文章提供的事實和線索，進行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實或某事發(fā)生的可能性等。
8.準確把握作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度
每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，去領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意?！?br>對英語閱讀能力的考查是英語高考的重中之重，除閱讀理解題外，其他各種題型從單項填空到書面表達尤其是完形填空和短文該錯都與我們的英語閱讀能力有密切的關(guān)系。難怪有的教師在分析高考英語試卷時得出這樣的結(jié)論“得閱讀者得天下”。

細節(jié)理解題
直接信息題
★解題方略
①認真閱讀題干，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞明確答題方向
②運用略讀及查讀技巧迅速找到文中與問題相關(guān)的信息
③仔細比較所給選項，與原文信息對應(yīng)，鎖定正確選項
設(shè)題方式
①When/Where did the stry happen?
②Which f the fllwing statements is (nt) crrect/wrng/false?
③Which f the fllwing statements is (nt) mentined/included in the passage?
④Wh wuld mst prbably enter fr Take a view?
⑤All the statements are true except ________.
⑥Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut ________？
⑦Which f the maps/diagrams shws the right psitin
2.間接信息題
★解題方略
①閱讀題干，有針對性地掃讀原文，鎖定相關(guān)詞句等信息
②仔細比較選項和原文信息，選擇正確或最佳的答案
③準確理解每個選項的意思，尋找與原文信息相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞或反義詞
設(shè)題方式
①Which is the right rder f the events given in the passage?
②By the first sentence f the passage, the authr means that…？
③What’s the right rder f the events related t…?
④In the passage, the authr states that…
⑤What was the reasn fr…?
⑥What can we learn abut the pet lizard …?
3.數(shù)字計算題
★解題方略
①明確題干要求，鎖定原文相關(guān)信息
②對相關(guān)信息和數(shù)字進行分析和理解
③利用加、減、乘、除等運算方法進行計算，確定答案
設(shè)題方式
①Which number shuld yu call if yu want t wrk with the elderly?
②Hw many/Hw
推理判斷題
1.隱含與預(yù)測推斷
★解題方略
①鎖定題干中infer，cnclude，suggest，imply，indicate，assume等詞，明確答題方向
②根據(jù)語篇，對事件可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進行推理
③瀏覽四個選項，首先排除與原文信息一樣的選項
④立足原文，結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進行合乎邏輯的推斷
設(shè)題方式
①It can be inferred frm the text that .
②Accrding t..., we can infer that .
③The stry implies that .
④Cmpared with ther similar prducts, the new design ________.
⑤It can be cncluded frm the passage that ________.
⑥The passage/writer/authr indicates/suggests/implies that ________.
⑦We can infer frm the (first/last) passage that ________.
⑧The underlined sentence indicates that ________.
⑨Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
2. 文章出處題
★解題方略
①原則：從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)判斷起出處
②方法對號入座——報紙：前面常會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱
廣告：格式特殊，容易辨認
產(chǎn)品說明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等
網(wǎng)頁：常還有網(wǎng)頁的典型用語
設(shè)題方式
①The text is mst likely t be taken frm ________.
②Where can we mst prbably read this text?
③The passage is likely t appear in _________.
④Where is the passage mst likely t have been taken frm?
⑤Where is this text mst likely frm?
⑥Where can the text be fund?
3. 觀點態(tài)度題——關(guān)鍵詞句法
★解題方略
①選項常用詞匯--subjective / bjective / neutral / indifferent / unclear?psitive / apprval / ptimistic / hpeful?negative / disapprval / critical / pessimistic / dubtful / skeptical
②關(guān)鍵詞句法——?全面理解文章的內(nèi)容和中心思想?抓住體現(xiàn)人物觀點態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵句或列舉的事例?注意流露作者思想傾向或感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞
設(shè)題方式
①It can be inferred frm the passage that ________.
②What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
③Frm the passage we can cnclude that ________.
④The attitude f the authr twards smebdy/smething is ________.
⑤The authr's attitude twards be best described as ________.
⑥The tne f this passage is best described as _______.
⑦What des the authr mst likely want t tell us?
⑧What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
詞句猜測題
1.詞(短語)義猜測題
★解題方略
①依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞(短語)義——合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化
②依據(jù)反義詞和對比關(guān)系猜測詞(短語)義——but / yet / hwever / nevertheless / while / whereas / therwise / r else / unlike / instead / rather than / by cntrast / cmpared t / n the cntrary / n the ther hand
③依據(jù)定義、解釋或同位關(guān)系猜測詞(短語)義——t be defined as / t be called / that is t be / t mean / t refer t / that is (t say) / in ther wrds / namely
④依據(jù)上下文猜測詞(短語義)——因果關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
設(shè)題方式
①Accrding t the passage, the wrd “…” prbably means _______.
②The underlined wrd “…” means _____.
③What des the wrd “…” mean in the secnd paragraph?
④Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the underlined part?
⑤As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests _______.
⑥The wrd... culd best be replaced by ________.
⑦The authr uses the wrd... t mean ________.
2.指代猜測題
★解題方略
①方法——?宏觀把握——充分把握代詞指代所在的段落或前面段落的整體意義
?微觀入手——抓住關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句，理清邏輯關(guān)系
②人稱代詞——it, they, them, he, she等
③不定代詞——smething, anything, smene, anyne等
④指示代詞——this, that, these, thse等
設(shè)題方式
What d yu think the expressin “...” stands fr?
The wrd... culd best be replaced by ________.
In the... paragraph, the wrd... means (refers t) ________.
Accrding t the passage，... prbably means ________.
主旨大意題
1. 歸納文章標題
★解題方略
①方法——?中心句法——根據(jù)文章中心句，提煉主題詞充當文章標題
?1=1——當文章的寫作對象特點較多時，常用寫作對象的名稱充當文章的題目
?1+1=1將文章的寫作對象和其主要特點、意義或影響整合充當文章的題目
②特點——?概括性——抽象、準確、簡短，常用一個短語或一句話
?針對性——標題外延恰當，與文章內(nèi)容相符，避免以偏概全
?醒目性——新穎奇特，激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣
設(shè)題方式
①The best title/headline fr this passage might be ________.
②The text/passage culd be entitled ________.
③What is the best title fr the passage?
④Which f the fllwing wuld be suitable as a title fr the passage?
⑤Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
⑥What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
⑦The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ________.
⑧What is the main theme f the passage?
2.概括文章大意(主旨大意)
★解題方略
①借助段落主題句歸納——常見位置——段首、段中、段末
②借助文章主題段歸納——常見位置——首段(新聞報道、議論文、說明文)、末段(記敘文、議論文)
③借助主題詞歸納——抓住文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的主題詞，然后對其進行概括和歸納，確定文章的主旨大意
設(shè)題方式
This passage chiefly deals with/is mainly cncerned abut ________.
②What's the tpic f the article?
③What is the subject discussed in the text?
④With what tpic is the passage chiefly cncerned?
⑤What's the main idea/pint f the passage?
⑥The subject discussed in this text is ________.
⑦Frm the passage we knw that ________.
⑧Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
⑨Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
⑩In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
3. 段落大意題
★解題方略
方法1：概括段落大意
要準確概括某段的大意，務(wù)必要知道該段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他句子對其進行具體論述，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句就在段首；如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾；如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的中間；如果對比各事物，那么它們的共同點或不同點就是該段大意。
方法2：揣摩段落大意
有時，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要讀者充分發(fā)揮想象力與判斷力，揣摩段落大意。
設(shè)題方式
①What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
②The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ______.
③The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
④Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
4.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題
★解題方略
(1)段落(篇章)論證方式——按照事物發(fā)展的順序、按照事件的先后順序、按照人物的活動內(nèi)容、按照地點和空間的變換
(2)四步解題法——
①抓文章中心句——重視文章首段和末段
②抓段落中心句——重視段落首句和尾句
③看段間邏輯關(guān)系——?總分式結(jié)構(gòu)：總——分；總——分——總；分——總?對照式結(jié)構(gòu)——一正一反并列式結(jié)構(gòu)——平行關(guān)系，相對獨立
④對比選項定答案
設(shè)題方式
①Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in this passage?
②Which f the fllwing shws the structure/rganizatin f the passage?
③The secnd paragraph is develped by?
④The passage is mainly develped/rganized by _______?
⑤Hw des the authr develp the passage?

閱讀理解
Passage 1
(2023上·湖北武漢·高二?？茧A段練習(xí))Mark Twain left schl when he was twelve. He had little schl educatin. In spite f this, he became the mst famus writer f his time. He made millins f dllars by writing. His real name was Samuel Langhrne Clemens, but he is better knwn all ver the wrld as Mark Twain, his pen name.
Mark Twain was brn in 1835 and he was nt a healthy baby. In fact, he was nt expected t live thrugh the first winter. But with his mther’s tender care, he managed t survive. As a by, he caused much truble fr his parents. He used t play jkes n all f his friends and neighburs. He didn’t like t g t schl, and he cnstantly ran away frm hme. He always went in the directin f the nearby Mississippi River. He was nearly drwned nine times.
After his father’s death in 1847, Mark Twain began t wrk fr a printer, wh nly prvided him with fd and clthing. Then, he wrked as a printer, a river-bat pilt and later jined the army. But shrtly after that he became a miner. During this perid, he started t write shrt stries. Afterwards he became a full-time writer.
In 1870, Mark Twain gt married. In the years that fllwed he wrte many bks including Tm Sawyer in 1876, and Huckleberry Finn in 1884, which made him famus, and brught him a great frtune.
Unfrtunately, Mark Twain gt int debts in bad investments(投資) and he had t write large numbers f stries t pay these debts. In 1904, his wife died, and then three f their children passed away.
At the age f 70, his hair was cmpletely white. He bught many white suits and neckties. He wre nthing but white frm head t ft until his death n April 21, 1910.
1. Mark Twain left schl at 12 t________.
A. wrk as a minerB. write striesC. jin the armyD. make a living
2. Which f the fllwing abut Mark Twain is NOT true?
A. He was nt a healthy by.B. He caused much truble fr his parents.
C. He gained lts f mney by writing.D. He had a happy childhd but a sad later life.
3. ________brught him fame and lts f mney.
A. His wrksB. His investments
C. His printingD. His family
4. The best title f this passage is________.
A. Mark Twain’s WrksB. Mark Twain’s Life
C. Mark Twain’s FameD. Mark Twain’s Success
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了馬克·吐溫的生平事跡和所取得的成就。
1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Mark Twain was brn in 1835 and he was nt a healthy baby.(馬克·吐溫出生于1835年，他不是一個健康的嬰兒。)”和文章第三段“After his father’s death in 1847, Mark Twain began t wrk fr a printer, wh nly prvided him with fd and clthing.(在他父親1847年去世后，馬克·吐溫開始在一家印刷公司工作，這家公司只給他提供食物和衣服。)”可知，馬克·吐溫在12歲離開學(xué)校是為了謀生。故選D。
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Mark Twain was brn in 1835 and he was nt a healthy baby. In fact, he was nt expected t live thrugh the first winter.(馬克·吐溫出生于1835年，他不是一個健康的嬰兒。事實上，人們認為他活不過第一個冬天。)”和“He always went in the directin f the nearby Mississippi River. He was nearly drwned nine times.(他總是朝附近密西西比河的方向走去。他有九次差點被淹死。)”和文章第三段“After his father’s death in 1847, Mark Twain began t wrk fr a printer, wh nly prvided him with fd and clthing. Then, he wrked as a printer, a river-bat pilt and later jined the army. But shrtly after that he became a miner (在他父親1847年去世后，馬克·吐溫開始在一家印刷公司工作，這家公司只給他提供食物和衣服。然后，他做過印刷工、河船領(lǐng)航員，后來參軍。但不久之后，他成為了一名礦工。)”可知，馬克·吐溫兒時患病，父親早逝，為了生計做工，可見他的童年并不快樂、幸福。故選D。
3. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“In the years that fllwed he wrte many bks including Tm Sawyer in 1876, and Huckleberry Finn in 1884, which made him famus, and brught him a great frtune.(在接下來的幾年里，他寫了許多書，包括1876年的《湯姆·索亞歷險記》和1884年的《哈克貝利·費恩歷險記》，這些書使他出名，并給他帶來了巨大的財富。)”可知，他的作品給他帶來聲譽和財富。故選A。
4. 主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了馬克·吐溫的生平事跡和所取得的成就。由此可知，B項：Mark Twain’s Life(馬克·吐溫的生平)是最好的標題。故選B。
Passage 2
(2023上·浙江嘉興·高二?？茧A段練習(xí))Digital Etiquette(禮節(jié)), r netiquette, is a set f rules fr hw t behave nline. It’s a lt like life etiquette, which is basically having gd manners and treating thers with respect. It’s just as imprtant in ur digital lives, including hw we act in nline games r hw we cmmunicate in emails, texts, instant messages and n scial netwrking websites. All f these platfrms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.
Unfrtunately, sme peple can lse cntrl the mment they jump nline. When they disagree with smene, r have strng feelings abut a tpic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in persn! They may send ruder emails and IMs r try t start arguments n message bards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead t full-n flame wars, insulting arguments between tw r mre users. On the Internet, it’s pretty easy t stay annymus, r unidentified. Having a secret identity t hide behind can make peple pretty brave. And when all they see f yu is screen name r a funny icn, they might frget that they’re dealing with a real human being!
The principle is simple: Just like in real life, yu shuld treat ther peple the way yu want t be treated. Yu wuldn’t want smebdy t be rude t yu, s dn’t be rude t anyne else.
Of curse, netiquette isn’t just abut being nice; it’s als abut cmmunicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and t the pint. It als means making yur messages easy t read and understand, which can depend n yur audience. Fr instance, sme abbreviatins(縮略詞)and emticns may be fine with friends. But they’re generally nt apprpriate in frmal cmmunicatin. And whatever yu d, dn’t write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like yu’re yelling.
Lastly, never pst anything abut yur friends n a blg r a scial netwrking site unless yu are allwed t. Peple’s persnal infrmatin is private, and yu can really ruin relatinships if yu pst smething that a friend r a friend’s parents dn’t want n the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is nt a private place; if yu wuldn’t want a parent, teacher r future emplyer t see smething yu pst, dn’t pst it!
5. Accrding t the passage, the users f scial media are advised ________.
A. t cause arguments n message bards
B. t apply abbreviatins and emticns as many as pssible
C. t be respectful f thers nline rather than ffline
D. t behave nline with cmmn etiquette
6. Why might an annymus Internet user feel bld enugh t say hrrible things in respnse t a blg pst?
A. Because he can insult thers withut wrrying abut revenge
B. Because he knws his friends will recgnize him and think better f him.
C. Because he can make mre friends if he says mean things. .
D. Because he can impress lder, smarter peple with his remarks.
7. Which f the fllwing is the best way t text yur uncle t say yu’ll be back in an hur?
A. b there in 60, cu 18r!B. BE THERE IN AN HOUR. SEE YOU LATER!
C. I’ll be hme in an hur. See yu later!D. im running late be there in an hur!
8. Which f the fllwing is a clear rule abut psting phts nline?
A. If yu take a phtgraph, yu can d whatever yu like abut it.
B. Infrmatin abut yur friends, including phtgraphs, is private.
C. It’s illegal t pst pictures nline if peple in the pictures dn’t like it.
D. Yu shuld always avid psting images n the internet.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要討論了在社交媒體上如何保持網(wǎng)絡(luò)禮儀。
5. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句“Digital Etiquette, r netiquette, is a set f rules fr hw t behave nline. It’s a lt like life etiquette, which is basically having gd manners and treating thers with respect.”(數(shù)字禮儀，或網(wǎng)絡(luò)禮儀，是一套關(guān)于如何在網(wǎng)上表現(xiàn)的規(guī)則。這很像生活禮儀，基本上就是要有禮貌，尊重他人。)及第三段第一句“The principle is simple: Just like in real life, yu shuld treat ther peple the way yu want t be treated.”(原則很簡單：就像在現(xiàn)實生活中一樣，你應(yīng)該以你希望被對待的方式對待別人。)可知，在社交媒體上，用戶也應(yīng)該遵守通常的禮儀規(guī)則。故選D項。
6. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段后三句“On the Internet, it’s pretty easy t stay annymus, r unidentified. Having a secret identity t hide behind can make peple pretty brave. And when all they see f yu is screen name r a funny icn, they might frget that they’re dealing with a real human being!”(在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，保持匿名或身份不明是很容易的。擁有一個可以隱藏的秘密身份可以讓人變得非常勇敢。當他們看到的只是你的網(wǎng)名或一個有趣的圖標時，他們可能會忘記他們在和一個真實的人打交道!)可知，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上人們可以隱藏身份，肆意發(fā)表評論而不用擔(dān)心被發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此一個匿名的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶有足夠的膽量說出可怕的話來回應(yīng)一篇博客文章是因為他可以侮辱別人而不用擔(dān)心報復(fù)，故選A項。
7. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and t the pint.”(這意味著郵件和即時通訊要清晰明了，切中要害。)及后四句“Fr instance, sme abbreviatins and emticns may be fine with friends. But they’re generally nt apprpriate in frmal cmmunicatin. And whatever yu d, dn’t write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like yu’re yelling.”(例如，一些縮寫和表情符號對朋友來說可能沒問題。但它們通常不適合在正式交流中使用。不管你做什么，不要全用大寫字母!用大寫字母寫會讓人覺得你在大喊大叫。)可知，在給叔叔留信時，要避免使用縮略語，避免全部使用大寫字母，還應(yīng)該清晰易懂。故選C項。
8. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“Lastly, never pst anything abut yur friends n a blg r a scial netwrking site unless yu are allwed t. Peple’s persnal infrmatin is private, and yu can really ruin relatinships if yu pst smething that a friend r a friend’s parents dn’t want n the web.”(最后，除非你被允許，否則不要在博客或社交網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布任何關(guān)于你朋友的事情。人們的個人信息是隱私的，如果你在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布了朋友或朋友的父母不希望看到的東西，你真的會破壞人際關(guān)系。)可知，你朋友的信息，包括照片，都是隱私，不能隨意發(fā)布。故選B項。
Passage 3
(2023上·福建泉州·高二?？茧A段練習(xí))Yung peple’s career expectatins have becme mre cncentrated in fewer ccupatins ver the past tw decades thugh scial media and technlgies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) are develping rapidly, accrding t a reprt frm the Organizatin fr Ecnmic C-peratin and Develpment (OECD). Traditinal ccupatins frm the 19th and 20th centuries, such as lawyers and plice fficers, cntinue t trap the imaginatins f yung peple arund the wrld as they did nearly 20 years ag.
The reprt, based n a latest survey f the 15-year-lds in 41 cuntries, said the career expectatins f yungsters may be “antiquated and unrealistic”. Nearly half f yung peple arund the wrld wish t wrk in just 10 f the mst cmmn prfessins. The surveys shw that t many teenagers are ignring, r dn’t knw, new types f jbs that are cming up, particularly as a result f digitalizatin(數(shù)字化). It is a cncern that mre yung peple than befre appear t be picking their dream jb frm a small list f the mst ppular, traditinal ccupatins, like teachers, lawyers r business managers.
The reprt fund that amng bys and girls wh perfrm similarly in science, bys are mre likely t expect t wrk in science and engineering. The tp 10 ccupatins preferred by bys have changed very little since 2000 but girls are nw mre likely t want t be architects, plice fficers, and designers rather than hairdressers r writers.
The reprt als fund a brader range f career expectatins in cuntries with strng and firm ccupatinal training fr teenagers. Fr example, in Germany teenagers shw a much wider range f career interests that better reflect patterns f labur market demands. Mre than a third f students in the UK reprt a lack f career advice at schls and clleges. Yung peple’s wishes are set as yung as age seven, and d nt change enugh ver time t meet demands.
9. What are the career expectatins amng yung peple like accrding t the reprt?
A. Outdated.B. Uncertain.C. Purpseful.D. Demanding.
10. Hw des the authr feel abut the yung’s jb interest?
A. Puzzled.B. Surprised.C. Satisfied.D. Wrried.
11. What measure can widen career interests f the yuth?
A. Strengthening the vcatinal training fr teenagers.
B. Offering mre new types f ccupatins with high pay.
C. Advertising new types f ccupatins n scial media.
D. Enriching the ccupatin imaginatins f yung peple.
12. What is the passage mainly talking abut?
A. New ccupatins fr yung peple.B. Yung peple’s career expectatins.
C. The ccupatinal training fr the yung.D. The difficult demands in labur market.
【答案】9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項針對年輕人的職業(yè)期望的報告顯示年輕人的職業(yè)期望存在越來越窄的問題，同時呈現(xiàn)了該期望在性別、國別上的差異，并建議通過加強職業(yè)培訓(xùn)拓寬年輕人的職業(yè)興趣。
9. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The reprt, based n a latest survey f the 15-year-lds in 41 cuntries, said the career expectatins f yungsters may be “antiquated and unrealistic”. (這份基于對41個國家15歲青少年的最新調(diào)查的報告稱，年輕人的職業(yè)期望可能“過時且不現(xiàn)實”)”可知，年輕人的職業(yè)期望已經(jīng)過時了。故選A項。
10. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“It is a cncern that mre yung peple than befre appear t be picking their dream jb frm a small list f the mst ppular, traditinal ccupatins, like teachers, lawyers r business managers. (令人擔(dān)憂的是，越來越多的年輕人似乎從教師、律師或商業(yè)經(jīng)理等少數(shù)最受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)中挑選自己的理想職業(yè))”可知，年輕人只對少數(shù)最受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)感興趣，這讓作者感到擔(dān)心。故選D項。
11. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The reprt als fund a brader range f career expectatins in cuntries with strng and firm ccupatinal training fr teenagers. Fr example, in Germany teenagers shw a much wider range f career interests that better reflect patterns f labur market demands. (該報告還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在對青少年進行強有力的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的國家，青少年的職業(yè)期望范圍更廣。例如，在德國，青少年表現(xiàn)出更廣泛的職業(yè)興趣，這更好地反映了勞動力市場需求的模式)”可知，在像德國這樣對青少年進行職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的國家，年輕人的職業(yè)期望范圍更廣。由此可知，加強對青少年的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)可以拓寬青少年的職業(yè)興趣。故選A項。
12. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Yung peple’s career expectatins have becme mre cncentrated in fewer ccupatins ver the past tw decades thugh scial media and technlgies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) are develping rapidly, accrding t a reprt frm the Organizatin fr Ecnmic C-peratin and Develpment (OECD). (經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織OECD的一份報告顯示，盡管社交媒體和人工智能等技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速，但在過去20年里，年輕人的職業(yè)期望越來越集中在更少的職業(yè)上)”可知，文章主要介紹了一項針對年輕人的職業(yè)期望的報告，該報告主要顯示出年輕人的職業(yè)期望存在越來越窄的問題，也呈現(xiàn)了該期望在性別、國別上的差異，并建議通過加強職業(yè)培訓(xùn)拓寬年輕人的職業(yè)興趣。因此，文章的主要內(nèi)容是年輕人的職業(yè)期望。故選B項。
Passage 4
(2023上·山東濰坊·高二山東省安丘市第一中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))Mre than 3,400 years after tw ancient Egyptians were laid t rest, the jars f fd left still smell sweet. A team f analytical chemists and archaelgists(考古學(xué)家) has analysed these smells t help identify the jars’ cntents. The study shws hw the explratin f smell can enrich ur understanding f the past.
The 1906 discvery f the undisturbed tmb(墓穴) f Kha and Merit symblized an imprtant stage in Egyptlgy. The tmb remains the mst cmplete nn-ryal ancient ne ever fund in Egypt, shwing imprtant infrmatin abut hw high-ranking individuals were treated after death.
Unusually fr the time, the archaelgist wh discvered the tmb resisted the temptatin t pen the sealed cntainers even after they were sent t the Egyptian Museum. The cntents f many f these cntainers are still unknwn, althugh there are sme clues, says analytical chemist Ilaria Degan. “Frm taking with the museum keeper we knew there were sme fruity smells in the display cases,” she says.
Degan and her clleagues placed varius artefacts(人工制品) inside plastic bags fr several days t cllect sme f the chemical substances they released. Then the team used a special machine t identify the cmpnents f the smells frm each artefact. They fund sme chemicals assciated with dried fish, and sme chemicals cmmn in fruits. The findings will feed int a larger prject t reanalyse the tmb’s cntents and prduce a mre cmprehensive picture f burial custms fr nn-ryals that existed when Kha and Merit died, abut 70 years befre Tutankhamun became the Egyptian ruler.
Aside frm shwing mre abut past civilizatins, ancient smells culd make museum visits mre inviting. Usually, peple admire exhibits with their eyes in museums. “Smell is a relatively unexplred gateway t the cllective past fr museum visitrs,” says Cecilia Bembibre at University Cllege Lndn. “It has the ptent alt allw us t experience the in a mre emtinal, persnal way, thrugh ur nse.”
13. What can we describe the 1906 discvery f Kha and Merit’ tmb as?
A. A landmark in Egyptlgy.B. A turning pint in human histry.
C. A breakthrugh in archaelgy.D. A mirrr f ancient nn-ryal life.
14. What des the underlined wrd “temptatin” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Pressure.B. Ambitin.C. Desire.D. Tendency.
15. Degan and her clleagues placed things inside plastic bags t .
A. prtect them frm harmB. gather their smells
C. test the special machineD. back up a larger prject
16. What can the ancient smells d fr museum visitrs accrding t Bembibre?
A. They bring them back t the past.
B. They give them emtinal supprt.
C. They change their view n civilizatins.
D. They add t their experience.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹一項對埃及古墓食物罐的研究，研究表明，對氣味的探索可以豐富我們對過去的理解。
13. 細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“The 1906 discvery f the undisturbed tmb (墓穴) f Kha and Merit symblized an imprtant stage in Egyptlgy. (1906年發(fā)現(xiàn)的未被破壞的Kha和Merit墓標志著埃及學(xué)的一個重要階段)”可知，1906年Kha和Merit墓的發(fā)現(xiàn)是埃及學(xué)的里程碑。故選A項。
14. 詞句猜測題。劃線詞句后文“The cntents f many f these cntainers are still unknwn, althugh there are sme clues, says analytical chemist Ilaria Degan. (分析化學(xué)家Ilaria Degan說，盡管有一些線索，但許多容器的內(nèi)容物仍然未知)”說明許多容器沒有被打開，不知道里面的內(nèi)容，從而推知劃線詞句“Unusually fr the time, the archaelgist wh discvered the tmb resisted the temptatin t pen the sealed cntainers even after they were sent t the Egyptian Museum. (在當時不同尋常的是，發(fā)現(xiàn)陵墓的考古學(xué)家抵制住了打開密封容器的temptatin，即使這些容器已經(jīng)被送往埃及博物館)”其中劃線詞匯意思是“想法，欲望”。故選C項。
15. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Degan and her clleagues placed varius artefacts (人工制品) inside plastic bags fr several days t cllect sme f the chemical substances they released. Then the team used a special machine t identify the cmpnents f the smells frm each artefact. (Degan和她的同事們把各種各樣的文物放在塑料袋里幾天，收集它們釋放的一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)。然后，該團隊使用一種特殊的機器來識別每個人工制品的氣味成分)”可知，Degan和她的同事們把東西放在塑料袋里是為了收集它們的氣味。故選B項。
16. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Bembibre所說“Smell is a relatively unexplred gateway t the cllective past fr museum visitrs. (對于博物館游客來說，嗅覺是通往集體過去的一扇相對未被探索的大門)”以及“It has the ptent alt allw us t experience the in a mre emtinal, persnal way, thrugh ur nse.(它有強大的中音，讓我們通過鼻子以一種更感性、更個人的方式體驗世界)”可推知，古老的氣味有增加博物館游客體驗的作用。故選D項。
Passage 5
(2023上·山東·高二校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))Millins f Britns are unaware what nutrients they need fr a healthy bdy, with a fifth believing vitamin C’s main rle is t make yu mre intelligent.
A study f 2,000 adults revealed 37% are unsure f what vitamins their families need, while 35% admit they dn’t really knw what different nutrients actually d. Nearly a third dn’t cnsider vitamin C t be essential fr a healthy bdy, with less than half aware that it helps t keep skin healthy, while 33% are unaware f the imprtance f vitamin D, and the same number think yu culd get it simply by eating rganic fruit r vegetable grwn in a sunny cuntry. As a result, 45% dn’t think they are getting all the vitamins and minerals they need frm their diets. It als fund that nly half f parents are cnfident they knw the nutrients their children shuld be cnsuming.
Mikelle McCin, Cnsultant Dietitian at the Gladstne Institute f Cardivascular Disease, said, “Humans need different vitamins and minerals fr their bdy t cntinue t functin healthily, but these can vary depending n yur age. Children knwn as picky eaters may benefit frm a mre cmprehensive vitamin supplement which includes irn and B vitamins, as these are particularly imprtant fr grwth and develpment. And when they are at schl age, brain functin and immunity are the mst imprtant fr parents. As they grw int teenagers, their nutritinal needs are high as they hit grwth and adlescence. But even as an adult, the cmpnents f yur needs can change—especially during pregnancy r as yu reach middle age r ld age.”
The study als fund less than half f thse surveyed cnsider magnesium t be an imprtant nutrient, with nly 40 percent aware that spinach(菠菜) is a gd fd t cnsume t bst intake. And althugh a quarter view cpper as essential, just 29% are aware part f its rle is t prduce red and white bld cells.
17. Which is crrect accrding t the secnd paragraph?
A. Half f adults dn’t knw the imprtance f vitamin C.
B. Abut ne third f the adults think vitamin D is essential.
C. Mst parents knw hw t guarantee their kids’ nutritinal intake.
D. All adults dn’t knw what vitamins are necessary fr their families.
18. What d Mikelle McCin’s wrds mean?
A. Pregnant wmen need the mst nutrients.
B. Vitamin and mineral requirements are the same fr all.
C. Peple shuld guarantee suitable nutrients at varius phases.
D. Cmprehensive vitamin supplements are vital fr the middle age r ld.
19. Hw des the authr feel abut the utcme?
A. Cnfused.B. Uncertain.C. Indifferent.D. Disappinted.
20. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T reveal British dietary habits.
B. T intrduce sme study findings.
C. T encurage rganic fd cnsumptin.
D. T shw ways f bsting nutrients’ intake.
【答案】17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了數(shù)百萬英國人不知道健康的身體需要哪些營養(yǎng)素，五分之一的人認為維生素C的主要作用是讓人更聰明。
17. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“A study f 2,000 adults revealed 37% are unsure f what vitamins their families need, while 35% admit they dn’t really knw what different nutrients actually d. Nearly a third dn’t cnsider vitamin C t be essential fr a healthy bdy(一項針對2000名成年人的研究顯示，37%的人不確定他們的家人需要什么維生素，35%的人承認他們不知道不同的營養(yǎng)素到底有什么作用。近三分之一的人不認為維生素C是健康身體所必需的)”可知，調(diào)查的結(jié)果顯示，并不是所有的成年人都知道他們的家庭需要哪些維生素。故選D。
18. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Humans need different vitamins and minerals fr their bdy t cntinue t functin healthily, but these can vary depending n yur age.(人類需要不同的維生素和礦物質(zhì)來保持身體的健康，但這些會隨著你的年齡而變化)”可知，人們應(yīng)該在不同的階段保證適當?shù)臓I養(yǎng)。故選C。
19. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The study als fund less than half f thse surveyed cnsider magnesium t be an imprtant nutrient, with nly 40 percent aware that spinach(菠菜) is a gd fd t cnsume t bst intake. And althugh a quarter view cpper as essential, just 29% are aware part f its rle is t prduce red and white bld cells.(研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，不到一半的受訪者認為鎂是一種重要的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，只有40%的人知道菠菜是一種可以增加鎂攝入量的好食物。盡管四分之一的人認為銅是必不可少的，但只有29%的人知道銅的部分作用是產(chǎn)生紅細胞和白細胞。)”可知，結(jié)果顯示，只有40%的人知道菠菜是一種可以增加鎂攝入量的好食物和只有29%的人知道銅的部分作用是產(chǎn)生紅細胞和白細胞。作者對于研究的結(jié)果是失望的。故選D。
20. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“A study f 2,000 adults revealed 37% are unsure f what vitamins their families need, while 35% admit they dn’t really knw what different nutrients actually d. Nearly a third dn’t cnsider vitamin C t be essential fr a healthy bdy(一項針對2000名成年人的研究顯示，37%的人不確定他們的家人需要什么維生素，35%的人承認他們不知道不同的營養(yǎng)素到底有什么作用。近三分之一的人不認為維生素C是健康身體所必需的)”可知，以及文章最后一段“The study als fund less than half f thse surveyed cnsider magnesium t be an imprtant nutrient, with nly 40 percent aware that spinach(菠菜) is a gd fd t cnsume t bst intake. And althugh a quarter view cpper as essential, just 29% are aware part f its rle is t prduce red and white bld cells.(研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，不到一半的受訪者認為鎂是一種重要的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，只有40%的人知道菠菜是一種可以增加鎂攝入量的好食物。盡管四分之一的人認為銅是必不可少的，但只有29%的人知道銅的部分作用是產(chǎn)生紅細胞和白細胞。)”可知，文章的目的是介紹一些研究結(jié)果。故選B。
Passage 6
(2023上·江蘇蘇州·高二?？茧A段練習(xí))When smene sets ut t imprve their health, they usually take a familiar path: starting a healthy diet, adpting a new wrkut plan, getting better sleep, r drinking mre water. Each f these behavirs is imprtant, f curse, but they all fcus n physical health and a grwing bdy f research suggests that scial health is just as, if nt mre, imprtant t verall well-being.
A recent study fund that the strength f a persn’s scial circle -- as measured by cell phne activity -- was a better predictr f self-reprted stress, happiness and well-being levels than fitness tracker data n physical activity, heart rate and sleep. That finding suggests that the “quantified self” presented by endless amunts f health data desn’t tell the whle stry, says study c-authr Nitesh Chawla.
“There’s a qualified self, which is wh I am, what my activities, my scial netwrk, my lifestyle, and my enjyment are. All f these aspects are nt reflected in any f these measurements,” Chawla says. “And they are strng determinants f my well-being.”
A 2019 study set ut t determine what’s driving thse high rates f lneliness and fund that scial media, when used s much that it ccupied face-t-face quality time, was tied t greater lneliness. Gender and incme didn’t seem t have a strng effect, but lneliness tended t decrease with age, perhaps because f the wisdm and perspective affrded by years f life lived, says Dr. Stuart Lustig, ne f the reprt’s authrs.
Lustig emphasizes that we shuld use technlgy “t seek ut meaningful cnnectins and peple that yu are able t keep in yur scial sphere(范圍). It’s easy enugh t find grups such as Meetups, which regularly rganize ffline gatherings, prviding members with pprtunities t interact, share, and participate in varius activities in real life. Or thrugh scial media, yu can find places t g where yu’ll find flks ding what yu want t d.” That advice is particularly imprtant fr yung peple, he says, fr whm heavy scial media use is cmmn.
Finally, Lustig stresses that even small scial changes can have a large impact. Striking up pst-meeting cnversatins with c-wrkers, r even engaging in micr-interactins with strangers, can make yur scial life feel mre rewarding.
21. What is the authr’s purpse in writing paragraph 1?
A. T shw scial health is ignred by sme peple.
B. T shw scial peple like t d wrkuts with thers.
C. T prve many peple tend t fllw suit t imprve their health.
D. T prve mre and mre peple have benefited frm physical exercise.
22. What d we learn abut fitness tracker data accrding t paragraph 2?
A. They are ut f date.
B. They are nt scientific.
C. They can help realize the “qualified self”.
D. They cannt reflect ne’s verall health.
23. What did the 2019 study find?
A. Females feel happy mre easily than males.
B. Old peple felt lnelier than yung peple.
C. The veruse f scial media culd lead t lneliness.
D. Incme had a great influence n peple’s well-being.
24. What advice des Dr. Stuart Lustig give?
A. Aviding talking t strangers.
B. Using scial media as little as pssible.
C. Using technlgy fr meaningful interactins.
D. Spending mre time with like-minded yung peple.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了社會健康與身體健康同等重要。
21. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Each f these behavirs is imprtant, f curse, but they all fcus n physical health and a grwing bdy f research suggests that scial health is just as, if nt mre, imprtant t verall well-being.”(當然，這些行為都很重要，但它們都關(guān)注身體健康，越來越多的研究表明，社會健康對整體健康同樣重要，如果不是更重要的話。)可知，人們更多地關(guān)注身體健康，沒有意識到社會健康的重要性。故選A項。
22. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“A recent study fund that the strength f a persn’s scial circle -- as measured by cell phne activity -- was a better predictr f self-reprted stress, happiness and well-being levels than fitness tracker data n physical activity, heart rate and sleep. That finding suggests that the “quantified self” presented by endless amunts f health data desn’t tell the whle stry, says study c-authr Nitesh Chawla.”(最近的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個人的社交圈的強度——通過手機活動來衡量——比健身追蹤器的體力活動、心率和睡眠數(shù)據(jù)更能預(yù)測自我報告的壓力、幸福和幸福水平。該研究的合著者Nitesh Chawla說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，由無數(shù)健康數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)的“量化自我”并不能說明問題的全部。)可知，健身追蹤器數(shù)據(jù)并不能全面地反映健康問題。故選D項。
23. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“A 2019 study set ut t determine what’s driving thse high rates f lneliness and fund that scial media, when used s much that it ccupied face-t-face quality time, was tied t greater lneliness.”(2019年的一項研究旨在確定是什么導(dǎo)致了如此高的孤獨感，并發(fā)現(xiàn)社交媒體使用過多，占用了面對面的高質(zhì)量時間，與更大的孤獨感有關(guān)。)說明過度使用社交媒體可能會導(dǎo)致孤獨。故選C項。
24. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Lustig emphasizes that we shuld use technlgy “t seek ut meaningful cnnectins and peple that yu are able t keep in yur scial sphere”(Lustig強調(diào)，我們應(yīng)該利用科技“尋找有意義的聯(lián)系，以及在你的社交圈子里能夠保持聯(lián)系的人。)可知，Dr. Stuart Lustig認為我們應(yīng)該利用科技進行有意義的互動。故選C項。
Passage 7
(2023上·江蘇徐州·高二統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí))The San Francisc-based cmpany, called Living Carbn, has created pplar(楊樹) trees that are genetically engineered(改變基因結(jié)構(gòu)) t grw larger and suck up mre carbn dixide frm the atmsphere than standard trees d. In February, wrkers planted rws f these pplars in suthern Gergia. The cmpany intends t plant 4 t 5 millins trees by the middle f next year, which they say will help with the wrsening climate crisis.
When plants phtsynthesize(進行光合作用), they cnvert carbn int sugar and nutrients that are eventually cnsumed by all living rganisms. But they als prduce a harmful byprduct, which must be brken dwn during the energy-intensive prcess f phtrespiratin(光呼吸), said Yumin Ta, the cmpany’s vice president f bitechnlgy.
“This is nt nly wastes energy but als lses much fixed carbn in the frm f CO2, which gets released int the air again,” Ta added. “It’s a wasteful prcess many plants d.” Living Carbn has reduced phtrespiratin in its pplars, instead channeling the energy int grwth, he says.
The trees have three genes inserted t achieve this, including ne frm squash and ne frm green algae. But the cmpany has yet t shw its mdified trees can capture mre carbn in a real — wrld setting. Its nly publicly available data cmes frm a study in a greenhuse that lasted fr nly a few mnths and has yet t be peer reviewed. “Their claims seen bld based n very limited real-wrld data,” says Andrew Newhuse, a cnservatin bilgist at the SUNY Cllege f Envirnmental Science and Frestry.
Still, the study reprted the mdified pplars grew as much as 53% larger in five mnths cmpared t the unmdified nes, capturing 27% mre carbn dixide. Nw, the cmpany hpes its ther field trials in lcatins like Oregn and Pennsylvania will shw similar successes. It’s currently fcused n planting n private lands, where fewer radblcks exist.
“We specially fcus n land where trees therwise wuldn’t be planted, like abandned mine lands-areas where there isn’t an existing, rich ecsystem that’s allwing fr a large amunt f carbn remval right nw,” says Maddie Hall, Living Carbn’s CEO.
25. Why des the cmpany want t plant genetically mdified pplars?
A. T help with the wrsening climate crisis.
B. T better study them t gain mre accurate data.
C. T replace rdinary pplars with genetically mdified pplars.
D. T find suitable places fr genetically mdified pplars t grw.
26. What is Andrew Newhuse’s attitude t the cmpany’s findings?
A. Disapprving.B. Ambiguus.C. Skeptical.D. Supprtive.
27. What can we learn abut the genetically-engineered pplars?
A. They are very resistant t carbn.B. They have a grwth advantage.
C. They have tw genes inserted.D. They phtsynthesize even faster.
28. What is the best title fr the text?
A. A Cmpany Is Trying t Engineer Trees Genetically
B. Pplar Trees Might Be Planted All Arund the Wrld
C. Genetically Mdified Trees Are Taking Rt t capture Carbn
D. Research Is Being Cnducted t Use Trees t Remve CO2
【答案】25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一家名為Living Carbn的公司培育出了轉(zhuǎn)基因楊樹，這種樹會長得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐治亞州南部，已經(jīng)種植了數(shù)排這種楊樹。
25. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The cmpany intends t plant 4 t 5 millins trees by the middle f next year, which they say will help with the wrsening climate crisis.(該公司打算在明年年中之前種植400萬到500萬棵樹，他們說這將有助于應(yīng)對日益惡化的氣候危機)”可知，這家公司種植轉(zhuǎn)基因楊樹是為了幫助應(yīng)對日益惡化的氣候危機。故選A。
26. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Their claims seen bld based n very limited real-wrld data(他們的說法基于非常有限的真實世界數(shù)據(jù))”可推知，安德魯·紐豪斯對該公司的調(diào)查結(jié)果持懷疑態(tài)度。故選C。
27. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Still, the study reprted the mdified pplars grew as much as 53% larger in five mnths cmpared t the unmdified nes, capturing 27% mre carbn dixide.(盡管如此，該研究報告稱，經(jīng)過基因改造的楊樹在5個月內(nèi)比未經(jīng)過基因改造的楊樹長了53%，多吸收了27%的二氧化碳)”可知，基因工程楊樹有增長優(yōu)勢。故選B。
28. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“The San Francisc-based cmpany, called Living Carbn, has created pplar (楊樹) trees that are genetically engineered (改變基因結(jié)構(gòu)) t grw larger and suck up mre carbn dixide frm the atmsphere than standard trees d. In February, wrkers planted rws f these pplars in suthern Gergia. The cmpany intends t plant 4 t 5 millins trees by the middle f next year, which they say will help with the wrsening climate crisis.(這家總部位于舊金山的公司名為“活碳”，它培育出的楊樹經(jīng)過基因工程改造，比普通樹木長得更大，從大氣中吸收更多的二氧化碳。今年2月，工人們在佐治亞州南部種植了成排的白楊樹。該公司打算在明年年中之前種植400萬到500萬棵樹，他們說這將有助于應(yīng)對日益惡化的氣候危機)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了一家名為Living Carbn的公司培育出了轉(zhuǎn)基因楊樹，這種樹會長得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐治亞州南部，已經(jīng)種植了數(shù)排這種楊樹。由此可知，C選項“轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木正在生根以捕獲碳”最符合文章標題。故選C。
Passage 8
(2023上·河北石家莊·高二?？茧A段練習(xí))The Battista family f New Yrk City was n vacatin in Ocean City, Maryland when their 2-year-ld Fisher went lst n July 4, 2020.
The Battistas immediately blanketed the area with missing psters, barraged(炮擊) scial media, and even gt Fisher face-time n a lcal flating billbard(廣告牌).
With n leads, the family decided t remain in the area fr an extended stay. They hired a tracker and even cnsulted with an “animal cmmunicatr” in hpes f tapping int Fisher’s whereabuts(行蹤) — all t n avail.
The family als set up a find-fisher Facebk page, which quickly gathered 8,000 fllwers, and launched an nline fundraiser t raise awareness and help them in their effrts t bring their belved fur baby hme.
“Signs have been psted, and we’ve extended ur stay in Ocean City and arranged t bring in a prfessinal dg tracker, in additin t making cntinuus searching trips in a car, n ft, and n a bike,” Matthew Battista wrte.
On April 20, 2021, 290 days after Fisher made his unauthrized Independence Day exit, Baltimre City resident Wayne Hrn was repairing his mtrcycle when he nticed a stray(走失的) dg in the rad. When a friend f Hrn’s psted picture f the fund dg t Facebk, the respnses f “That’s Fisher!” came back faster than a bmerang(回旋鏢).
Infrmed f the news, Elissa Battista recgnized Fisher immediately. “Frm the mment I saw the phts I knew it was him frm the markings and his little tngue sticking ut,” she psted t Facebk.
The reunin was quickly arranged. The Battistas had sme lcal friends pick him up frm the Hrns, and then Elissa made the five-hur trip t retrieve Fisher and bring him hme. Apart frm minr signs f pssible frstbite (凍傷), Fisher was in excellent shape.
29. What was described in detail in the text?
A. Battistas’ regret fr lsing their lved dg.
B. Online respnses t the Battistas’ request.
C. Different cmments n the tuching stry.
D. Effrts made t search fr the lst dg.
30. Hw did the Battistas find their lst dg?
A. Online viewers recgnized its phts psted nline.
B. One f family members discvered it in the rad.
C. Wayne Hrn sent it back shrtly after he fund it.
D. A prfessinal dg tracker brught it back sn.
31. What des the underlined wrd “retrieve” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Break dwn.B. Take apart.C. Pay back.D. Get back.
32. What message is the text intended t cnvey?
A. Chance favrs the prepared mind.B. Lyalty always cmes first.
C. Never giving up pays ff.D. Misfrtune may be an actual blessing.
【答案】29. D 30. A 31. D 32. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述Battista夫婦在狗狗Fisher丟失后堅持不放棄地尋找的故事，他們的不放棄最終得到了回應(yīng)——他們心愛的狗被找回來了。
29. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The Battistas immediately blanketed the area with missing psters, barraged (炮擊) scial media, and even gt Fisher face-time n a lcal flating billbard (廣告牌).(Battistas夫婦立即在該地區(qū)貼滿了失蹤的海報，在社交媒體上大肆攻擊，甚至讓Fisher在當?shù)氐囊粋€浮動廣告牌上露面)”、第三段中“They hired a tracker and even cnsulted with an “animal cmmunicatr” in hpes f tapping int Fisher’s whereabuts (行蹤)(他們雇了一個追蹤者，甚至咨詢了一個“動物通訊員”，希望能追蹤到費舍爾的下落)”和第四段中“The family als set up a find-fisher Facebk page, which quickly gathered 8,000 fllwers, and launched an nline fundraiser t raise awareness and help them in their effrts t bring their belved fur baby hme.(這家人還在Facebk上建立了一個‘尋找fisher’的頁面，很快就吸引了8000名粉絲，并發(fā)起了一項在線籌款活動，以提高人們的意識，幫助他們把心愛的毛絨寶寶帶回家)”可知，文章詳細描述了夫妻兩為尋找丟失的狗作出的努力，故選D。
30. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“On April 20, 2021, 290 days after Fisher made his unauthrized Independence Day exit, Baltimre City resident Wayne Hrn was repairing his mtrcycle when he nticed a stray (走失的) dg in the rad. When a friend f Hrn’s psted picture f the fund dg t Facebk, the respnses f ‘That’s Fisher!’ came back faster than a bmerang (回旋鏢).(2021年4月20日，也就是Fisher未經(jīng)授權(quán)離開獨立日290天后，巴爾的摩市居民Wayne Hrn正在修理他的摩托車，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)路上有一只流浪狗。當Hrn的一個朋友在Facebk上發(fā)布了這只發(fā)現(xiàn)的狗的照片時，網(wǎng)友們的反應(yīng)是‘那是Fisher！’的回復(fù)比回旋鏢還快)”可知，Hrn的一個朋友在Facebk上發(fā)布了這只發(fā)現(xiàn)的狗的照片，網(wǎng)友們在社交媒體上認出了這就是丟失的狗狗Fisher。故選A。
31. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前“The Battistas had sme lcal friends pick him up frm the Hrns(Battistas夫婦讓當?shù)氐呐笥寻阉麖腍rn家接走)”以及后面“and bring him hme(帶他回家)”可知，此處指“Battistas夫婦讓當?shù)氐呐笥寻阉麖腍rn家接走，然后Elissa花了五個小時去接回Fisher并帶他回家”，retrieve意為“帶回，取回”，故選D。
32. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其第二段“The Battistas immediately blanketed the area with missing psters, barraged (炮擊) scial media, and even gt Fisher face-time n a lcal flating billbard(廣告牌).(Battistas夫婦立即在該地區(qū)貼滿了失蹤的海報，在社交媒體上大肆攻擊，甚至讓Fisher在當?shù)氐囊粋€浮動廣告牌上露面)”和倒數(shù)第三段“On April 20, 2021, 290 days after Fisher made his unauthrized Independence Day exit, Baltimre City resident Wayne Hrn was repairing his mtrcycle when he nticed a stray (走失的) dg in the rad. When a friend f Hrn’s psted picture f the fund dg t Facebk, the respnses f ‘That’s Fisher!’ came back faster than a bmerang (回旋鏢).(2021年4月20日，也就是Fisher未經(jīng)授權(quán)離開美國獨立日290天后，巴爾的摩市居民Wayne Hrn正在修理他的摩托車，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)路上有一只流浪狗。當Hrn的一個朋友在Facebk上發(fā)布了這只發(fā)現(xiàn)的狗的照片時，網(wǎng)友們的反應(yīng)是‘那是Fisher！’的回復(fù)比回旋鏢還快)”可知，文章主要講述Battista夫婦在狗狗Fisher丟失后堅持不放棄地尋找的故事，他們的不放棄最終得到了回應(yīng)——他們心愛的狗被找回來了。由此可推斷，本文最想傳達的一個信息是：堅持不懈就會有所回報。故選C。
Passage 9
(2023上·湖南永州·高二永州市第一中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))It is well knwn that the American Suthwest, naturally ht and dry, is seriusly shrt f water. A new study that reveals climate change is ging t dry ut the regin even further is painting a serius picture f the future.
Accrding t the study, glbal warming culd increase the lng-term water shrtfall t the 1, 815 billin cubic metres by adding anther 439 millin cubic metres f water. Based n the price f adding reservir(水庫) capacities in Califrnia, meeting basic water shrtages culd cst $ 549 billin if climate change is factred in. Higher water prices wuld make the adaptatin even mre expensive if n water culd be fund at all in the drier future.
But even beynd the mere cst f creating mre reservirs, there’s n denying the fact that a htter, drier Suthwest will demand mre and mre energy fr cling. There’s anther fact that climate change will make cities in states like Nevada and New Mexic far less sustainable than they already are. There’s als the fact that a warmer climate will have a lng-lasting impact n the regin’s ecsystem. Previus study has nted that climate change may cnvert the American Suthwest int a permanent desert.
It’s certainly pssible that it will be t expensive t build reservirs fr sme suburbs and cmmunities and we culd see an exdus(大批人同時離開) frm the regin; but that’s almst suitable t change, because cmmunities pay fr the extremely inefficient prcesses f pumping in water frm ut f the states.
33. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Climate Change Will Make Water Shrtage Wrser
B. American Suthwest Is Shrt f Water
C. Califrnia Cuncil Pays Attentin t Water Shrtages
D. Water Shrtages Lead Experts t Predict Water Shrtfall
34. What is the authr’s attitude twards the situatin f the American Suthwest?
A. IndifferentB. Critical.C. Sympathetic.D. Wrried.
35. What can we infer frm the third paragraph?
A. The situatins f Nevada and New Mexic are nt bad yet.
B. Peple shuld cl the climate immediately.
C. There’s a relatinship between climate change and ecsystem.
D. The energy requirements needed fr cling will nt make water shrtage wrse.
36. Which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A. The high price f building reservirs is making the situatin wrse.
B. Glbal warming culd increase the lng-term water shrtfall t 1,815 billin cubic metres.
C. Ppulatin grwth is the main reasn fr water shrtages.
D. The American Suthwest may becme a desert ne day.
【答案】33. A 34. D 35. C 36. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述美國西南部本身炎熱干燥，嚴重缺水，一項新的研究表明，氣候變化將使該地區(qū)進一步干旱，未來形勢嚴峻。
33. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“A new study that reveals climate change is ging t dry ut the regin even further is painting a serius picture f the future. (一項新的研究表明，氣候變化將使該地區(qū)進一步干旱，這為未來描繪了一幅嚴峻的圖景)”可知，文章主要講述美國西南部嚴重缺水的問題，這里本身炎熱干燥，嚴重缺水，一項新的研究表明，氣候變化將使該地區(qū)進一步干旱，未來形勢嚴峻。故選A。
34. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It is well knwn that the American Suthwest, naturally ht and dry, is seriusly shrt f water. A new study that reveals climate change is ging t dry ut the regin even further is painting a serius picture f the future. (眾所周知，美國西南部自然炎熱干燥，嚴重缺水。一項新的研究表明，氣候變化將使該地區(qū)進一步干旱，這為未來描繪了一幅嚴峻的圖景)”可知，美國西南部地區(qū)嚴重缺水，情況日益惡化，由此可知，作者是擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。故選D。
35. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“There’s anther fact that climate change will make cities in states like Nevada and New Mexic far less sustainable than they already are. There’s als the fact that a warmer climate will have a lng-lasting impact n the regin’s ecsystem. (還有一個事實是，氣候變化將使內(nèi)華達州和新墨西哥州等州的城市的可持續(xù)性大大降低。還有一個事實是，氣候變暖將對該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生長期影響)”可知，氣候變化會影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，因此兩者之間是有關(guān)系的。故選C。
36. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“It is well knwn that the American Suthwest, naturally ht and dry, is seriusly shrt f water. A new study that reveals climate change is ging t dry ut the regin even further is painting a serius picture f the future. (眾所周知，美國西南部自然炎熱干燥，嚴重缺水。一項新的研究表明，氣候變化將使該地區(qū)進一步干旱，這為未來描繪了一幅嚴峻的圖景)”可知，氣候變化將使該地區(qū)進一步干旱，并沒說人口是缺水的主要因素，故C項“人口增長是水資源短缺的主要原因”錯誤。故選C。
Passage 10
(2023上·湖南長沙·高二長郡中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))Have yu ever felt the urge t input critical financial infrmatin n a nt-s-familiar business’s website? Wuld yu dare t entrust yur credit card details r passwrds t ptentially unsafe trading platfrms?
Researchers frm the University f Vienna have tackled this dilemma by designing an uncnditinally secure system fr cnducting trade in such situatins. This slutin is “quantum(量子)-digital payments” which cmbines cryptgraphic(加密的) methds with the prperties f quantum light.
In tday’s payment ecsystem, custmers’ sensitive data is replaced by sets f randm numbers, and the uniqueness f each trade is secured by a classical cryptgraphic methd. Hwever, cmpanies with pwerful cmputatinal resurces can break these cdes and recver the custmers’ private data, and fr example, make payments in their name.
A research team led by prfessr Philip Walther frm the University f Vienna has shwn hw the quantum prperties f light can ensure security fr digital payments. In an experiment, the researchers demnstrated that each trade cannt be cpied. They replaced classical cryptgraphic techniques with a quantum prtcl(協(xié)議) using single phtns, a unit f energy. During the curse f a classical digital payment trade, the client shares a classical cde called cryptgram with his payment prvider. This cryptgram is then passed n between the custmer, businessmen, and payment prvider. In the demnstrated quantum prtcl this cryptgram is generated by having the payment prvider sending particularly prepared single phtns t the client.
The researchers successfully cnducted quantum-digital payments, cnnecting tw university buildings in dwntwn Vienna. Digital payments currently perate within a few secnds. “At present, ur prtcl takes a few minutes f quantum cmmunicatin t cmplete a trade. This is t guarantee security in the presence f nise and lsses,” says Philip Walther. “Hwever, these time limitatins are nly f technlgical nature. We will witness that quantum-digital payments reach practical perfrmance in the very near future.”
37. It can be inferred frm the first tw paragraphs that ______.
A. the secure system “quantum-digital payments” have slved all the digital payment trubles
B. peple have fear abut false infrmatin
C. peple are urged t rely n business s website
D. peple have cncern abut digital payment safety
38. What is a disadvantage f the present payment system?
A. The cnvenience f payment can’t be enjyed.B. Custmers’ private data may be leaked.
C. The uniqueness f trade can’t be ensured.D. Custmer payment chices are limited.
39. What des paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A. Hw digital payment prves safer.B. Hw quantum-digital payment wrks.
C. Why single phtns are necessary.D. What is imprtant fr nline trade.
40. What is Philip’s attitude twards quantum-digital payment?
A. Cnfident.B. Dubtful.C. Unclear.D. Cnservative.
【答案】37. D 38. B 39. B 40. A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種解決平臺交易安全問題的方案——“量子數(shù)字支付”。
37. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Have yu ever felt the urge t input critical financial infrmatin n a nt-s-familiar business’s website? Wuld yu dare t entrust yur credit card details r passwrds t ptentially unsafe trading platfrms?(你是否曾經(jīng)想要在一個不太熟悉的企業(yè)網(wǎng)站上輸入重要的財務(wù)信息？你敢把你的信用卡信息或密碼委托給可能不安全的交易平臺嗎？)”可知，人們擔(dān)憂電子支付的安全性。故選D。
38. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In tday’s payment ecsystem, custmers’ sensitive data is replaced by sets f randm numbers, and the uniqueness f each trade is secured by a classical cryptgraphic methd. Hwever, cmpanies with pwerful cmputatinal resurces can break these cdes and recver the custmers’ private data, and fr example, make payments in their name.(在當今的支付生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，客戶的敏感數(shù)據(jù)被一組隨機數(shù)所取代，每筆交易的唯一性都由經(jīng)典的加密方法來保證。然而，擁有強大計算資源的公司可以破解這些代碼，恢復(fù)客戶的私人數(shù)據(jù)，例如，以客戶的名義付款)”可知，目前的支付系統(tǒng)的缺點是客戶的私人數(shù)據(jù)可能被泄露。故選B。
39. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“In an experiment, the researchers demnstrated that each trade cannt be cpied. They replaced classical crystallgraphic techniques with a quantum prtcl (協(xié)議) using single phtns, a unit f energy. (在一項實驗中，研究人員證明了每種交易都是不可復(fù)制的。他們用一種使用單光子(一種能量單位)的量子協(xié)議取代了經(jīng)典的晶體學(xué)技術(shù))”以及“In the demnstrated quantum prtcl this cryptgram is generated by having the payment prvider sending particularly prepared single phtns t the client. (在演示的量子協(xié)議中，通過讓支付提供者向客戶端發(fā)送特別準備的單光子來生成該密碼)”可知，本段主要講了量子數(shù)字支付是如何工作的。故選B。
40. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“We will witness that quantum-digital payments reach practical perfrmance in the very near future. (我們將在不久的將來見證量子數(shù)字支付達到實際應(yīng)用)”可知，Philip對量子數(shù)字支付的態(tài)度是有信心的。故選A。目錄
新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉題型、掌握知識脈絡(luò)
基礎(chǔ)知識：知識點全面梳理，掌握必備
重點記憶：關(guān)鍵點快速記憶，提升能力
小試牛刀：考點剖析+過關(guān)檢測，合理應(yīng)用

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