一、閱讀理解
The Schl f Arts at Oxfrd Brkes University brings tgether filmmakers, fine artists, musicians, phtgraphers, news reprters and many mre t frm an inspiring, dynamic place f creatives.
Research
The Schl f Arts prvides an energetic envirnment fr teachers and students t develp their research and fcuses n building research excellence by imprving present and future strengths. We have a research center cvering the fields f Art & Design, Digital Media, Film, Music, and Phtgraphy. We als have a series f research grups acrss all f ur fields, where teachers wrk tgether and share their research prjects.
Curses
The Schl f Arts ffers a wide range f curses, frm fine art t music digital media prductin, film studies and the news reprting. Aiming t help yu frm yur wn practice r get ready fr future jbs, ur curses use bth classrm learning and creative practice t develp yur interests. They build independent thinkers wh think ut f the bx and prduce creative wrks. Our arts students are well placed t get ready fr different types f jbs in the creative industries.
Student Life
While yur studies are a tp thing, yu will still want t make the mst f everything else student life ffers. Within the schl, there are always prjects yu can wrk n utside f yur chsen field f study. It culd be that yu wish t wrk with students learning ther subjects, creating the music fr a film r filming a piece f perfrmance art. This might be part f yur study r just smething yu wuld like t d fr fun. Wrking tgether with ther students acrss different subjects is a gd way t make mre friends. The Schl f Arts is prud t run university wide scieties such as The Dcumentary Club and the University Orchestra and Chir.
Please find us at query@brkes. ac. uk.
1． What can the Schl f Arts prvide fr students in their research?
A.Varius resurces beynd art fields.
B.Chances t learn in a dynamic envirnment.
C.Different grups that fcus n creating art wrks.
D.A center where teachers and students wrk tgether.
2． After learning the curses in the Schl f Art, students will _________.
A.develp their creative skills
B.be ready fr classrm learning
C.need t hand in their art wrks
D.be ffered a jb in the art industries
3． Besides subject learning, students at the Schl f Art can _________.
A.receive jb training
B.manage all schl clubs
C.build friendships with famus artists
D.wrk n prjects acrss different fields
One Saturday night in the spring f 2023, while mst f her friends were relaxing, Elizabeth Smart, then 16, was studying in an undergrund rm in her parents’ huse. She was trying t wrk ut hw patients with bld cancers respnd t CAR T-cell therapy, ne f the newest and mst hpeful treatments fr bld cancers.
Elizabeth was drawn t cancer research fr tw reasns： stries f children with cancer, like "Penn the Brave," and her grandmther’s death frm cancer. She hped t relieve the pain f peple like them. S when Elizabeth was lking fr a science-prject tpic and her father emailed her a news reprt abut CAR T-cell therapy, she decided t explre further.
Elizabeth used the results frm a 2022 Yale University study explaining what causes the failure f CAR T-cell treatment and tried t identify genetic bimarkers （遺傳生物標(biāo)志物） that wuld tell a patient’s respnse t the treatment in rder t make it mre effective. She even develped a way t study genetic infrmatin thrugh specialized sftware instead f traditinal lab wrk.
Thrugh late nights f uplading infrmatin and analyzing RNA sequences （序列）, Elizabeth discvered certain genetic infrmatin in RNA sequences — which decides everything frm hair clur t hw yur immune system fights diseases — culd tell a patient’s respnse t CAR T-cell therapy, and culd ne day help develp mre effective treatment and fewer side effects. Starting the prject tw years ag, Elizabeth fund reading riginal research papers t difficult, s she taught herself by reading bks, pen-surce papers and watching YuTube
vides fr nn-prfessinal peple. "I thught abut giving up s many times," says Elizabeth. Instead she turned t nline grups, where prfessinal and nn-prfessinal scientists alike shared tips n similar challenges.
Her research paper, titled "Optimizatin f CAR T-Cell therapy Using RNA-Sequencing Analysis fr Bimarker Identificatin", made Elizabeth nt nly a natinal science-fair champin but als wn her first place at the annual Eurpean Unin Cntest fr Yung Scientists in Brussels this past fall.
As she graduates frm high schl this year and starts preparing fr university, Elizabeth is lking frward t wrking in a lab — nt just in her parents’ huse.
4． Why did Elizabeth want t d research n CAR T-Cell therapy?
A.Because she had heard a lt abut it.
B.Because it was her science prject tpic.
C.Because her father asked her t wrk n it.
D.Because she wanted t help peple with cancer.
5． What challenge did Elizabeth cme acrss during her research?
A.Lack f prfessinal backgrund.
B.Limited access t traditinal labratry.
C.Difficulty in getting prfessinal guidance.
D.Heavy wrk f uplading genetic infrmatin.
6． Which wrd wuld best describe Elizabeth?
A.Hnest.
B.Hardwrking.
C.Strict.
D.Cnfident.
7． What can we learn frm this passage?
A.Many hands make light wrk.
B.A new way is better than sweat.
C.Yung peple can make a difference.
D.Lve and understanding is priceless.
We can struggle t maintain wrking relatinships when ur scial grup grws t large, but Artificial Intelligence （AI） mdels may nt face the same limitatin.
What is Artificial Intelligence Dating back t the 1990s, the scientist Rbin Dunbar presented that the number f relatinships we can maintain is typically abut 150 due t the size f ur brains. Nw, researchers have applied this idea, knwn as Dunbar’s number, t AI mdels and fund that the mst pwerful nes with the largest "brains" can manage grups f up t 1000.
Girdan De Marz and his clleagues at the University f Knstanz experimented whether AI mdels like ChatGPT act like humans when "talking" t each ther in grups. They ran many cpies f the same AI mdel at nce, giving each an pinin n a prblem withut bvius answers. At each step f the experiment, they chse ne cpy by chance and tld it what pinin all the ther cpies held and why, and then asked if it wuld like t update its wn.
The team fund that the high-end AI mdels like GPT-4 Turb reached agreement every time. Yet cpies f smaller and less pwerful mdels like GPT-3.5 Turb never reached agreement. The results shwed that althugh the mdels in each test were the same, there was n inbrn system fr agreement, at least until they became capable enugh.
The researchers then tried t find an upper limit n each mdel’s ability t reach agreement — their wn Dunbar’s number. Fr sme mdels, like Llama 370b, the agreement prcess became increasingly slw as the grup size grew, ending up with a Dunbar’s number f 50. But fr ther mdels, like GPT-4 Turb, this ability never slwed dwn even nce 1000 cpies were wrking tgether.
"I was very surprised," says De Marz. "We were able t simulate （模擬） up t thusands f mdels and there was n sign at all f a breaking f the ability t frm a cmmunity." He adds that memry is key. While we may struggle t recall facts, faces and pinins at a certain pint, AI is limited nly by its hardware.
Philip Feldman at the University f Maryland, hwever, says AI mdels with a high Dunbar number may be able t reach agreement n a prblem, but that desn’t necessarily mean they will find a gd slutin. He believes diversity （多樣性） is key t prblem-slving, which is hard in grups made up f the same AI mdel. A larger cncern is whether it even makes sense t talk abut cpies f an AI mdel as a grup f individuals, says Michael Rvatss at the University f Edinburgh. "The mdels dn’t understand what they are, hw they are separate frm ther mdels r what the experiment’s purpse is."

8． Researchers applied Dunbar’s number t AI mdels t _________.
A.test their memry cmpetence
B.bserve their scial behaviur in grups
C.recrd the wrking speed f different AI mdels
D.find the limit f AI mdels t maintain relatinships
9． What can be inferred frm the research f Girdan De Marz’s team?
A.AI mdels have the ability t take ver larger grups than humans.
B.AI mdels’ ability t frm cmmunities is limited by human memry.
C.AI mdels can replace humans in managing difficult scial interactins.
D.AI mdels’ perfrmance in reaching agreement depends n their capabilities.
10． What can we learn frm this passage?
A.AI mdels with a high Dunbar number slve prblems better.
B.Cpies f the same AI mdel lack the ability t think independently.
C.AI mdels with large "brains" have an inbrn system fr agreement.
D.Cpies f the same AI mdel update their pinins withut extra infrmatin.
11． As fr the use f AI mdels in scial activities, the authr is _________.
A.supprtive
B.puzzled
C.careful
D.uncncerned
Since the early days f ppular culture, fans have been viewed with a dubtful reputatin, ften labeled as unreasnable r aberrant, presenting a threat t the scial rder r suggesting a kind f mental illness. Hwever, scial psychlgists ffer a different view n fan culture.
Frm within, fandms （fan grups） lk surprisingly nrmal. Our scial lives are defined by ur tendency t seek ut thers wh share ur persnalities, backgrund, interests r utlk. We are natural t live in grups, a reality that shapes almst everything we d. This simple act f partnership and belnging can be pwerful.
Fr many fans, being part f a fandm can be life-changing. One fan f Jane Austen, fr instance, described hw cnnecting with thers wh shared her lve f Jane Austen and perid dramas helped her thrugh a difficult time, saying, "I’ve finally fund my peple."
Fandms als differ frm ther scial grups in that they bring tgether peple frm different backgrunds. Fans are drawn in by a cmmn interest, but they stay fr a hst f reasns： t be entertained, t braden their view, t experience a particular reality, t cnnect with like-minded thers r t trade theries abut their favrite tpics.
It might seem surprising that sharing an interest can lead t such enriching experiences, but this kind f "minimal grup" effect is well knwn in scial psychlgy. Henri Tajfel, a pineer in this field, fund that peple culd be encuraged t frm lyal grups n the simplest reasns, such as a preference fr a particular artist. Tajfel believed grup membership gives peple their wn scial identities, prviding meaning t an therwise empty situatin.
A scial identity gives us a sense f urselves in relatin t thers： we are wh we are because f what we share with them. Scial identity is separate frm persnal identity, which reflects individual traits such as physical appearance and persnality. During thse mments when yu feel like an imprtant part f a grup like watching a ftball match, yur scial identity is mre utstanding than yur persnal ne.
Tajfel’s theries help explain why fandms are s pwerful and widespread. Grups like Swifties may lk different in their tastes and attitudes, but the dynamics behind them all are very similar. There is little t fear in the passin f these fans, and much t celebrate.
12．
What des the underlined wrd “aberrant” in Paragraph I mst prbably mean?
A.Creative.
B.Organized.
C.Abnrmal.
D.Traditinal
13． What can be inferred frm the passage?
A.Fandms prmte cnnectin and belnging.
B.There are reasnable cncerns abut fandm passin.
C.Fandms prvide individuals with a persnal identity.
D.Peple prefer grups that share cmmn scial backgrunds.
14． What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A.Fans as Scial Grups： Fandms and Madness
B.Fandms Uncvered： The Dangerus Side f Fandms
C.The Influence f Fandms： Fans and Their Unusual Behaviurs
D.Frm Misunderstd t Empwered： The True Impact f Fandms
When I tell friends I’ve written a bk abut scial cnnectin, ne f the mst cmmn questins I get is abut "lst" friendships, the relatinships with peple whm smene has lst tuch with ver time. Shuld we recnnect r let them stay in the past? Tw recent papers suggest that we can all be a bit braver abut reaching ut.
The first cmes frm Peggy Liu at the University f Pittsburgh and her clleagues. The team asked sme peple t prvide infrmatin f a persn with whm they hadn’t been in tuch fr a while. They then wrte a nte t that persn and answered sme questins abut hw much they thught the friend wuld value the gesture. The researchers frwarded the nte t the named persn alng with a questinnaire abut their feelings. It was fund that the receivers welcmed the ntes far mre than the authrs had expected, but it’s a pity that the desire t recnnect was ften balanced by a fear f being rejected.
The secnd paper is by Lara Aknin at Simn Fraser University and Gillian Sandstrm at the University f Sussex. They fund that as many as 90 percent f peple have lst tuch with at least ne ld friend, but many are nw unwilling t make the first mve — even when researchers gave them the time t d s. Explring further, they fund that it arse frm sme cncerns： the peple wrried abut what t say, and they feared that the friend had changed.
The ld friends had started t feel like strangers, and this made Aknin and Sandstrm wnder whether a little practice at building new ties might give peple the cnfidence t strengthen their lder nes t. Sure enugh, they fund that asking peple t start a cnversatin with strangers increased the chances f reaching ut t their ldest friends. Our scial cnfidence seems like a muscle — the mre we use it, the strnger it becmes. We just need t have the curage t start.
15． What are the "lst" friendships?
___________________________________________________________
16． Based n the tw papers, why d peple hesitate t recnnect with ld friends?
___________________________________________________________
17． Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t Aknin and Sandstrm, asking peple t engage with strangers reduced the chances fr them t reach ut t their ldest friends.
___________________________________________________________
18．
What can yu d t vercme the fear f reaching ut t ld friends? (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________
二、七選五
19．
Future astrnauts culd ptentially rely n fd made frm bacteria (細菌) that feed n minr planets, t prduce a kind f ygurt. While astrnauts n the Internatinal Space Statin have experimented with grwing salad leaves, the vast majrity f fd cnsumed in space is transprted frm Earth.① That’s why Jshua Pearce at Western University in Ontari, Canada, decided t try using bacteria t change carbn-cntaining (含碳的) material frm minr planets int eatable fd.
This prcess has nt been carried ut yet n real minr planets. But Pearce’s team has perfrmed similar experiments using bacteria t break dwn plastic frm leftver in army fd supply bags.② The cllective bacteria end up lking smething like a brwn milkshake and the team has als experimented with drying ut this material t prduce smething like ygurt r even a pwder.
③ “We did a nutritinal (營養(yǎng)) research and it turned ut t be almst a perfect fd,” he says. “It turned ut that the bacteria mixture that we were using, mre r less, has a third each fr the three majr nutrients peple need.”
If the idea is sund, a 500-metre-wide minr planet similar t Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, culd feed between 600 and 17,000 astrnauts fr a year, says Pearce.④
A fully wrking minr planets fd prject wuld require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This wuld take a lng time t get everything in place.⑤ They plan t start ff with cal and then mving t space rcks that have fallen t Earth.
A. It wuld be impssible fr mre distant, lnger-lasting tasks.
B. S the researchers hpe t test the idea n a lwer level in the cming year.
C. Future astrnauts culd sn enjy a nutritinally perfect diet made frm bacteria.
D. While that might nt sund delicius, Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited fr human needs.
E. They heated the plastic withut xygen and then fed this t a mixture f bacteria that eat carbn.
F. Althugh there is certainly hpe, it is still a very futuristic idea that needs t be thught thrugh.
G. The exact number depends n hw effectively the bacteria can break dwn the minr planet’s carbn materials.
三、完形填空
Jsé is the caring directr f a schl in Nicaragua. And nthing brings him mre satisfactin than giving t the students he cares abut mst. Hwever, living n a lw-incme 1 Jsé’s ability t shw his genersity. He lnged fr a way t prvide fd and a jyful future fr the children at his schl but lacked the 2 t make it happen.
Everything 3 when Cnvy f Hpe brught agricultural training t his village. Jsé learned new techniques abut garden management. His previus methds were replaced by mre 4 nes, like setting up a water-saving irrigatin (灌溉) system fr the dry seasns. With his new skills, Jsé 5 planted a garden at his schl. The prduce frm the garden nt nly prvided fresh snacks fr the students but als became a hands-n learning pprtunity.
“Smething that fills me with great jy is when the children get excited and can’t wait t 6 activities in the garden.” Jsé said. The garden prvides Jsé with a 7 frm daily stresses. “Maybe I had sme difficulties in the day, but when I start t water the plants, I 8 the prblems.”
Strengthening individuals’ skills sets all arund the wrld, Cnvy f Hpe’s agricultural prgram 9 peple t prvide fr their families and give back t their cmmunities. But this prject is mre than teaching knwledge. Just as Jsé said, “It has managed t put a smile n children, and they feel a(n) 10 t mve frward.”
20．
A.prved
B.develped
C.suggested
D.limited
21．
A.time
B.means
C.plan
D.drive
22．
A.appeared
B.stpped
C.changed
D.remained
23．
A.expensive
B.effective
C.difficult
D.basic
24．
A.successfully
B.quietly
C.suddenly
D.nearly
25．
A.give up
B.put ff
C.carry ut
D.pay fr
26．
A.break
B.challenge
C.tip
D.chice
27．
A.repeat
B.value
C.present
D.frget
28．
A.hires
B.frces
C.equips
D.reminds
29．
A.cncern
B.hpe
C.hnur
D.weight
四、語法填空
30．It is imprtant fr us （have） a balanced, healthy diet.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
31．We had t take a different path because the rad （repair）. （所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空）
32． FORMTEXT (enjy) a grander sight, yu must climb t a greater height. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
33．My friend called me last night and said he （cme） t see me this weekend. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
34．Yu wrk hard n yur lessns and yur effrts （reward） with success in the end. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
35．They traveled with a famus scientist name ften appears in the newspaper. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
36．The canal played an imprtant rle in ancient China is nw being widened. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
37．One f the purpse f educatin is （develp） a fine persnality in children. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
38．Reading a gd bk is like （talk） with a wise persn. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
39．This is the best decisin I have ever made. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
五、書面表達
40．假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高一學(xué)生李華。你的外國筆友Jim聽說中國的"春節(jié)"申遺成功,他發(fā)來郵件表示祝賀并希望了解更多。請你用英文給他回復(fù),內(nèi)容包括：
1.介紹中國人過春節(jié)的習(xí)俗；
2.說明春節(jié)的意義。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
六、選詞填空
41．
1. Technlgy changes s fast that it’s hard t FORMTEXT it.
2. We FORMTEXT the warm weather and did sme yard wrk.
3. He FORMTEXT playing nline games last year, which seriusly affected his studies.
4. There are FORMTEXT bks in the library, s yu can always find smething interesting t read.
5. Every year, they FORMTEXT sme hliday pictures in the living rm t welcme the New Year.
6. The rm lks a bit crwded because the large sfa FORMTEXT t much f the living rm.
7. I FORMTEXT a jb at that famus cmpany yesterday and is nw waiting fr the reply.
8. She FORMTEXT her Granny’s bad cugh and she hpes it isn’t smething serius.
9. Recent studies shw that girls FORMTEXT be better at languages than bys.
10. It tk me an hur t FORMTEXT after the argument.
參考答案
1．答案： B
解析： 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Research"部分第一句"The Schl f Arts prvides an energetic envirnment fr teachers and students t develp their research and fcuses n building research excellence by imprving present and future strengths."可知,藝術(shù)學(xué)院為師生開展研究提供了充滿活力的環(huán)境,所以學(xué)生在研究中能獲得在充滿活力的環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)的機會,B選項正確。A選項"藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域之外的各種資源",文中未提及；C選項"專注于創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品的不同團體",研究團體是教師一起分享研究項目,并非專注創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品,C錯誤；D選項"一個師生共同工作的中心",研究中心覆蓋多個領(lǐng)域,未強調(diào)師生共同工作,D錯誤。
2．答案： A
解析： 推理判斷題。由"Curses"部分"Our curses use bth classrm learning and creative practice t develp yur interests. They build independent thinkers wh think ut f the bx and prduce creative wrks."可知,課程通過課堂學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)意實踐來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生興趣,塑造有創(chuàng)造性思維的獨立思考者,能創(chuàng)作出有創(chuàng)意的作品,由此可推斷學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)這些課程后會發(fā)展他們的創(chuàng)作技能,A選項正確。B選項"為課堂學(xué)習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備",課程是利用課堂學(xué)習(xí),并非為課堂學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備；C選項"需要上交他們的藝術(shù)作品",文中未提及；D選項"在藝術(shù)行業(yè)獲得一份工作",只是說學(xué)生能為創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)的不同工作做好準(zhǔn)備,并非一定會獲得工作。
3．答案： D
解析： 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Student Life"部分"Within the schl, there are always prjects yu can wrk n utside f yur chsen field f study. It culd be that yu wish t wrk with students learning ther subjects..."可知,在學(xué)院里,學(xué)生除了學(xué)習(xí)本專業(yè)課程,還可以參與其他領(lǐng)域的項目,與學(xué)習(xí)其他學(xué)科的學(xué)生合作,D選項正確。A選項"接受工作培訓(xùn)",文中未提及；B選項"管理所有學(xué)校俱樂部",文中說學(xué)院負責(zé)運營一些社團,并非學(xué)生管理所有俱樂部；C選項"與著名藝術(shù)家建立友誼",文中說的是與不同學(xué)科的學(xué)生建立友誼,并非著名藝術(shù)家。
4．答案： D
解析： 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Elizabeth was drawn t cancer research fr tw reasns： stries f children with cancer, like ‘Penn the Brave,’and her grandmther’s death frm cancer. She hped t relieve the pain f peple like them."可知,伊麗莎白從事癌癥研究是因為看到患癌兒童的故事以及祖母因癌癥去世,她希望減輕像他們這樣的人的痛苦,即幫助癌癥患者,所以選D。A選項"她聽聞了很多關(guān)于它的事",文中未提及；B選項"因為這是她的科學(xué)項目主題",這是她研究的契機,并非原因；C選項"因為她父親讓她研究這個",父親只是給她發(fā)了相關(guān)新聞報道,并非要求她研究。
5．答案： A
解析： 推理判斷題。從第四段"Starting the prject tw years ag, Elizabeth fund reading riginal research papers t difficult, s she taught herself by reading bks, pen - surce papers and watching YuTube vides fr nn - prfessinal peple."可知,伊麗莎白開始項目時覺得閱讀原始研究論文太難,只能通過面向非專業(yè)人士的書籍、開源論文和YuTube視頻自學(xué),這表明她面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是缺乏專業(yè)背景知識,所以選A。B選項"使用傳統(tǒng)實驗室受限",文中她是自己開發(fā)了通過軟件研究遺傳信息的方法,并非因為使用實驗室受限；C選項"難以獲得專業(yè)指導(dǎo)",她可以向在線小組求助,說明并非難以獲得指導(dǎo)；D選項"上傳遺傳信息的繁重工作",這并非她遇到的主要挑戰(zhàn)。
6．答案： B
解析： 推理判斷題。文章提到伊麗莎白在朋友們放松時仍在研究,經(jīng)歷無數(shù)個深夜上傳信息和分析RNA序列,面對困難多次想放棄但仍堅持,這些都體現(xiàn)了她的勤奮努力,所以選B。A選項"誠實的",文中未體現(xiàn)她這方面的品質(zhì)；C選項"嚴(yán)格的",沒有相關(guān)內(nèi)容表明她對自己或他人嚴(yán)格；D選項"自信的",文章重點強調(diào)的是她的努力,而非自信。
7．答案： C
解析： 主旨大意題。文章講述了16歲的伊麗莎白通過自己的努力在癌癥研究方面取得成果,獲得全國科學(xué)競賽冠軍和歐洲青年科學(xué)家競賽一等獎,證明了年輕人也能有所作為,所以選C。A選項"眾人拾柴火焰高",文章重點強調(diào)伊麗莎白個人的努力和成就,并非團隊合作；B選項"新方法勝于汗水",文中重點不是強調(diào)新方法和汗水的對比；D選項"愛與理解是無價的",與文章主要內(nèi)容不符。
8．答案： D
解析： 細節(jié)理解題。第二段"Nw, researchers have applied this idea, knwn as Dunbar’s number, t AI mdels and fund that the mst pwerful nes with the largest ‘brains’can manage grups f up t 1000.（現(xiàn)在,研究人員將被稱為鄧巴數(shù)字的這個概念應(yīng)用于人工智能模型,并且發(fā)現(xiàn)那些擁有最大‘大腦’（最強大）的模型能夠管理多達1000個的群體。）",可以看出應(yīng)用鄧巴數(shù)字是為了找出人工智能模型維持關(guān)系的限度,所以選D。
9．答案： D
解析： 推理判斷題。第四段"The team fund that the high - end AI mdels like GPT - 4 Turb reached agreement every time. Yet cpies f smaller and less pwerful mdels like GPT - 3.5 Turb never reached agreement.（這個團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)像GPT - 4 Turb這樣的高端人工智能模型每次都能達成一致。然而,像GPT - 3.5 Turb這種較小且能力較弱的模型的副本從來沒有達成過一致。）",表明人工智能模型在達成共識方面的表現(xiàn)和它們自身的能力有關(guān),所以選D。
10．答案： B
解析： 推理判斷題。第三段"They ran many cpies f the same AI mdel at nce, giving each an pinin n a prblem withut bvius answers. At each step f the experiment, they chse ne cpy by chance and tld it what pinin all the ther cpies held and why, and then asked if it wuld like t update its wn.（他們同時運行同一人工智能模型的許多副本,針對一個沒有明顯答案的問題給每個副本一個觀點。在實驗的每一步,他們隨機選擇一個副本,并告訴它所有其他副本的觀點以及原因,然后詢問它是否想要更新自己的觀點。）",從這個實驗過程可以推斷出同一人工智能模型的副本缺乏獨立思考的能力,所以選B。
11．答案： C
解析： 觀點態(tài)度題。文章介紹了人工智能模型在群體互動中的表現(xiàn),同時也提到了其他學(xué)者對于人工智能模型在解決問題等方面存在問題的觀點,如"Philip Feldman at the University f Maryland, hwever, says AI mdels with a high Dunbar number may be able t reach agreement n a prblem, but that desn’t necessarily mean they will find a gd slutin.（然而,馬里蘭大學(xué)的菲利普·費爾德曼說,鄧巴數(shù)字高的人工智能模型也許能夠就一個問題達成一致,但這并不一定意味著它們會找到一個好的解決方案。）",說明作者對于人工智能模型在社會活動中的應(yīng)用是比較謹(jǐn)慎的,所以選C。
12．答案： C
解析： 詞義猜測題。第一段中"Since the early days f ppular culture, fans have been viewed with a dubtful reputatin, ften labeled as unreasnable r aberrant, presenting a threat t the scial rder r suggesting a kind f mental illness.（自流行文化早期以來,粉絲們就背負著可疑的名聲,常常被貼上不合理或aberrant的標(biāo)簽,被認為對社會秩序構(gòu)成威脅,或者暗示著某種精神疾病。）",根據(jù)"不合理""對社會秩序構(gòu)成威脅""暗示精神疾病"等表述可推測,"aberrant"意思是"異常的,反常的",所以選C。
13．答案： A
解析： 推理判斷題。從第三段"Fr many fans, being part f a fandm can be life - changing. One fan f Jane Austen, fr instance, described hw cnnecting with thers wh shared her lve f Jane Austen and perid dramas helped her thrugh a difficult time, saying, ‘I’ve finally fund my peple.’（對許多粉絲來說,成為粉絲群體的一員可能會改變?nèi)松?。例?一位簡·奧斯汀的粉絲描述了與其他同樣熱愛簡·奧斯汀和古裝劇的人建立聯(lián)系是如何幫助她度過一段艱難時期的,她說：‘我終于找到了志同道合的人?！?以及第四段"Fans are drawn in by a cmmn interest, but they stay fr a hst f reasns： t be entertained, t braden their view, t experience a particular reality, t cnnect with like - minded thers...（粉絲們因共同的興趣而被吸引,但他們留下來有很多原因：為了娛樂,為了拓寬視野,為了體驗特定的現(xiàn)實,為了與志同道合的人建立聯(lián)系……）"可知,粉絲群體促進了粉絲之間的聯(lián)系和歸屬感,所以選A。
14．答案： D
解析： 標(biāo)題歸納題。文章開篇提到粉絲群體早期被誤解,名聲不佳,之后闡述社會心理學(xué)家對粉絲文化的不同看法,表明粉絲群體能帶來改變?nèi)松捏w驗,促進聯(lián)系和歸屬感等積極影響,即從被誤解到展現(xiàn)出積極力量,"Frm Misunderstd t Empwered： The True Impact f Fandms（從被誤解到被賦予力量：粉絲群體的真正影響）"最能概括文章內(nèi)容,所以選D。
15．答案： The relatinships with peple whm smene has lst tuch with ver time.
解析： 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"the relatinships with peple whm smene has lst tuch with ver time"可知,"lst"friendships指的是與隨著時間推移而失去聯(lián)系的人的關(guān)系,故答案為：The relatinships with peple whm smene has lst tuch with ver time.
16．答案： They had a fear f being rejected, wrried abut what t say, and feared that their friends had changed.
解析： 細節(jié)歸納題。從第二段"the desire t recnnect was ften balanced by a fear f being rejected"以及第三段"the peple wrried abut what t say, and they feared that the friend had changed"可知,人們猶豫與老朋友重新聯(lián)系,是因為害怕被拒絕、擔(dān)心不知說什么以及害怕朋友已經(jīng)改變,故答案為They had a fear f being rejected, wrried abut what t say, and feared that their friends had changed.
17．答案：
Accrding t Aknin and Sandstrm, asking peple t engage with strangersreduced the chancesfr them t reach ut t their ldest friends.
Asking peple t start a cnversatin with strangers increased the chances f reaching ut t their ldest friends.
解析： 考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Sureenugh, theyfund thatasking peple t start a cnversatinwith strangers increased the chances f reachingut t their ldest friends.（果然,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)讓人們與陌生人開始交談增加了與老朋友重新聯(lián)系的機會）"可知,原句中"reduced the chances（減少機會）"表述錯誤,應(yīng)將其下劃線,原因就是文中明確表明讓人們與陌生人開始交談是增加了與老朋友重新聯(lián)系的機會,故答案為：Accrding t Aknin and Sandstrm, asking peple t engage with strangersreduced the chancesfr them t reach ut t their ldest friends.
Asking peple t start a cnversatin with strangers increased the chances f reaching ut t their ldest friends.
18．答案： T ease the nervusness f initiating a meet-up,I can start by cntacting them thrugh scial media.I can fllw up n ne f their mst recent psts t spark cnversatin abut what they're up t, gradually building the relatinship in a way that feels natural t me.
解析： 考查閱讀表達。根據(jù)最后一段"Our scial cnfidenceseems like a muscle—the mre we use it, thestrnger it becmes. Wejust need t have thecurage t start（我們的社交自信就像肌肉一樣,用得越多就越強壯,我們只需要有開始的勇氣）""可知,社交自信就像肌肉一樣,用得越多就越強壯,我們只需要有開始的勇氣。因此,為了克服聯(lián)系老朋友的恐懼,可以從增加社交自信入手,比如通過社交媒體聯(lián)系對方,或者回憶過去美好的時光來增加信心等。故答案為T ease the nervusness f initiating a meet-up,I can start by cntacting them thrugh scial media.I can fllw up n ne f their mst recent psts t spark cnversatin abut what they're up t, gradually building the relatinship in a way that feels natural t me.
19．答案： talking； E； D； G； B
解析： ① 聯(lián)系上文題。上文提到"While astrnauts n the Internatinal Space Statin have experimented with grwing salad leaves, the vast majrity f fd cnsumed in space is transprted frm Earth."（雖然國際空間站上的宇航員已經(jīng)嘗試種植生菜葉,但在太空中消耗的絕大多數(shù)食物都是從地球運來的。）,A選項"It wuld be impssible fr mre distant, lnger - lasting tasks."（對于更遙遠、更持久的任務(wù)來說,這是不可能的。）,說明從地球運輸食物對于遠距離、長時間的太空任務(wù)不可行,這就是需要尋找新食物來源的原因,與上文銜接緊密,所以選A。
② 聯(lián)系上文題。上文提到"But Pearce’s team has perfrmed similar experiments using bacteria t break dwn plastic frm leftver in army fd supply bags."（但皮爾斯的團隊已經(jīng)進行了類似的實驗,利用細菌分解軍隊食品供應(yīng)袋中的剩余塑料。）,E選項"They heated the plastic withut xygen and then fed this t a mixture f bacteria that eat carbn."（他們在無氧的情況下加熱塑料,然后將其喂給一種食碳細菌的混合物。）詳細說明了實驗的具體操作步驟,與上文緊密相連,所以選E。
③ 聯(lián)系下文題。下文提到"‘We did a nutritinal （營養(yǎng) ） research and it turned ut t be almst a perfect fd,’ he says. ‘It turned ut that the bacteria mixture that we were using, mre r less, has a third each fr the three majr nutrients peple need.’"（"我們做了一項營養(yǎng)研究,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它幾乎是一種完美的食物,"他說。"結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),我們使用的細菌混合物,或多或少,對人類所需的三種主要營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)各占三分之一。"）,D選項"While that might nt sund delicius, Pearce says the bacteria are well - suited fr human needs."（雖然這聽起來可能不太美味,但皮爾斯說這種細菌很適合人類的需求。）引出下文對細菌營養(yǎng)價值的闡述,所以選D。
④ 聯(lián)系上文題。上文提到"If the idea is sund, a 500 - metre - wide minr planet similar t Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, culd feed between 600 and 17,000 astrnauts fr a year, says Pearce."（皮爾斯說,如果這個想法可行,一個與美國國家航空航天局2020年訪問過的貝努小行星類似的500米寬的小行星,可以為600到17000名宇航員提供一年的食物。）,G選項"The exact number depends n hw effectively the bacteria can break dwn the minr planet’s carbn materials."（確切的數(shù)字取決于細菌分解小行星碳物質(zhì)的效率。）解釋了為什么提供食物的宇航員數(shù)量是一個范圍,與上文銜接緊密,所以選G。
⑤ 聯(lián)系上下文題。上文提到"A fully wrking minr planets fd prject wuld require an ‘industrial - sized smart machine’ in space. This wuld take a lng time t get everything in place."（一個完全可行的小行星食物項目需要在太空中有一臺"工業(yè)規(guī)模的智能機器"。這需要很長時間才能把一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。）,下文提到"They plan t start ff with cal and then mving t space rcks that have fallen t Earth."（他們計劃從煤炭開始,然后轉(zhuǎn)向落到地球上的太空巖石。）,B選項"S the researchers hpe t test the idea n a lwer level in the cming year."（所以研究人員希望在明年在較低水平上測試這個想法。）起到承上啟下的作用,表明鑒于全面實施有難度,所以先進行低水平測試,所以選B。
20．答案： D
解析： 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而,靠低薪生活限制了何塞展現(xiàn)慷慨的能力。A. prved證明；B. develped發(fā)展；C. suggested建議；D. limited限制。由"living n a lw - incme"可知,收入低使得他在幫助學(xué)生方面心有余而力不足,即限制了他展現(xiàn)慷慨的能力,所以選D。
21．答案： B
解析： 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他渴望為學(xué)校的孩子們提供食物和快樂的未來,但缺乏實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的手段。A. time時間；B. means手段,方法；C. plan計劃；D. drive驅(qū)動力。根據(jù)前文"lacked"以及"t make it happen"可知,他沒有實現(xiàn)愿望的途徑、方法,means符合語境,故選B。
22．答案： C
解析： 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)"希望車隊"把農(nóng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)帶到他的村莊時,一切都改變了。A. appeared出現(xiàn)；B. stpped停止；C. changed改變；D. remained保持。從后文何塞學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)并帶來積極改變可知,"希望車隊"到來后,情況發(fā)生了變化,changed符合語境,故選C。
23．答案： B
解析： 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他以前的方法被更有效的方法所取代,比如為旱季建立節(jié)水灌溉系統(tǒng)。A. expensive昂貴的；B. effective有效的；C. difficult困難的；D. basic基本的。由"replaced"以及"like setting up a water - saving irrigatin system fr the dry seasns"可知,新方法如節(jié)水灌溉系統(tǒng)等更有效,所以選B。
24．答案： A
解析： 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：憑借新技能,何塞成功地在學(xué)校種了一個花園。A. successfully成功地；B. quietly安靜地；C. suddenly突然地；D. nearly幾乎。結(jié)合后文花園產(chǎn)出農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等可知,他成功種出了花園,successfully符合語境,故選A。
25．答案： C
解析： 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：何塞說："讓我非常高興的是,孩子們興奮不已,迫不及待地要在花園里開展活動。"A. give up放棄；B. put ff推遲；C. carry ut開展,實施；D. pay fr支付。這里指孩子們急于在花園里進行相關(guān)活動,carry ut符合語境,故選C。
26．答案： A
解析： 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：花園讓何塞從日常壓力中得到了喘息。A. break休息,喘息；B. challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C. tip提示；D. chice選擇。根據(jù)后文"frm daily stresses"以及"Maybe I had sme difficulties in the day, but when I start t water the plants"可知,在花園勞作能讓他從壓力中解脫出來,得到休息,a break frm...表示"從……中解脫出來",所以選A。
27．答案： D
解析： 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：也許我白天遇到了一些困難,但當(dāng)我開始給植物澆水時,我就忘記了這些問題。A. repeat重復(fù)；B. value重視；C. present呈現(xiàn)；D. frget忘記。由前文"a break frm daily stresses"可知,在花園的活動能讓他暫時忘卻煩惱,frget符合語境,故選D。
28．答案： C
解析： 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意："希望車隊"的農(nóng)業(yè)項目通過強化世界各地個人的技能,使人們有能力養(yǎng)活家人并回饋社區(qū)。A. hires雇傭；B. frces強迫；C. equips使具備能力；D. reminds提醒。通過培訓(xùn)農(nóng)業(yè)技能,讓人們有能力做這些事,equip sb. t d sth.表示"使某人具備做某事的能力",符合語境,故選C。
29．答案： B
解析： 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正如何塞所說："它成功地讓孩子們露出了笑容,他們感受到了前進的希望。"A. cncern擔(dān)憂；B. hpe希望；C. hnur榮譽；D. weight重量。結(jié)合前文"put a smile n children"可知,這一項目給孩子們帶來積極影響,讓他們有了前進的希望,hpe符合語境,故選B。
30．答案： t have
解析： 考查動詞不定式的用法。"It is + adj. + fr sb. + t d sth."是一個常用的句型,其中it 作形式主語,真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式短語。在這個句子中,"t have a balanced, healthy diet"是真正的主語,表示"擁有均衡、健康的飲食"這件事,對于我們來說是重要的。故填t have。
31．答案： was being repaired
解析： 考查過去進行時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子"We had t take a different path because the rad..."可知,這里表示因為道路正在被修理,所以我們不得不走另一條路。"was being repaired"是過去進行時的被動語態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為"was/were being + 過去分詞",表示過去某個時刻正在進行的被動動作,在此處強調(diào)當(dāng)時道路正在被修理的狀態(tài)。故填was being repaired。
32．答案： T enjy
解析： 考查動詞不定式作目的狀語。"T enjy a grander sight"在這里作目的狀語,意為"為了欣賞更壯觀的景色",不定式短語置于句首,用來表明主句動作"yu must climb t a greater height"的目的,即你必須爬到更高的高度是為了欣賞更壯觀的景色。故填T enjy。
33．答案： wuld cme
解析： 考查過去將來時。根據(jù)句子"My friend called me last night and said he..."可知,這里是一個賓語從句,主句用了一般過去時,從句表示過去某個時間（last night）之后的將來（this weekend）要發(fā)生的動作,所以要用過去將來時,其結(jié)構(gòu)為"wuld + 動詞原形"。故填wuld cme。
34．答案： will be rewarded
解析： 考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子"Yu wrk hard n yur lessns and yur effrts..."可知,這里表示你努力學(xué)習(xí),你的努力最終將會得到成功的回報。"will be rewarded"是一般將來時的被動語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為"will be + 過去分詞",強調(diào)努力會被回報,且是在將來發(fā)生的動作。故填will be rewarded。
35．答案： whse
解析： 考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。在定語從句"whse name ften appears in the newspaper"中,"whse"引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作定語,修飾先行詞"a famus scientist",表示"這位著名科學(xué)家的名字",相當(dāng)于"the famus scientist's"。故填whse。
36．答案： which/that
解析： 考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。在句子"The canal... played an imprtant rle in ancient China is nw being widened."中,"which/that"引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語,先行詞是"the canal",指代運河,該定語從句修飾先行詞,說明是在古代中國發(fā)揮重要作用的那條運河。故填which/that。
37．答案： t develp
解析： 考查非謂語動詞。句意：教育的目的之一是培養(yǎng)孩子們良好的個性。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處位于be動詞后,作表語,此處表目的,應(yīng)用t d不定式。故填t develp。
38．答案： talking
解析： 考查動名詞作賓語。"like"是介詞,其后接動名詞作賓語,"talking with a wise persn"表示"與一個智者交談",整個短語作like 的賓語,意為"讀一本好書就像和一個智者交談一樣"。故填talking。
39．答案： that
解析： 考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。"This is the best decisin... I have ever made."中,"that"引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞"the best decisin",當(dāng)先行詞被最高級修飾時,通常用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作賓語（可省略）。故填that。
40．答案： Dear Jim,
Thank yu fr yur cngratulatins！ I’m excited t share mre abut Chunjiewith yu.
During the festival, it is a must t have a family reunin dinner n New Year’s Eve, where family members gather t enjy a feast featuring dishes like dumplings and fish. Besides, peple decrate huses with paper cuts and red lanterns t invite gd frtune. It is als a custm t set ff firewrks t scare away evil spirits and welcme the New Yearwith jy.
The meaning f Chunjieges beynd just celebratins. It’s a time t ring ut the ld and ring in the new. Mst imprtantly, it embdies the traditinal Chinese virtue f respecting ancestrs and emphasizing family unity.
I hpe this helps yu understand Chunjiebetter. Jin us in celebrating it if yu can！
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析： 本篇書面表達為一篇應(yīng)用文。要求學(xué)生給外國筆友Jim寫一封回信,向他介紹中國人過春節(jié)的習(xí)俗以及春節(jié)的意義。
1.詞匯積累：
激動的：excited→thrilled
而且：besides→what's mre/additinally/in additin
強調(diào)：emphasize→put emphasis n/stress
高興：jy→happiness/pleasure/delight
2.句式拓展：
原句：Mst imprtantly, it embdies the traditinal Chinese virtue f respecting ancestrs and emphasizing family unity.
拓展句：What is imprtant is that it embdies the traditinal Chinese virtue f respecting ancestrs and emphasizing family unity.
【高分句型1】During the festival, it is a must t have a family reunin dinner n New Year's Eve, where family members gather t enjy a feast featuring dishes like dumplings and fish. （運用了where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句以及現(xiàn)在分詞作定語）
【高分句型2】It is als a custm t set ff firewrks t scare away evil spirits and welcme the new year with jy. （運用了it作形式主語和不定式作目的狀語）
41．答案： keep up with； tk advantage f； was addicted t； avariety f； put up； takes up； applied fr； is cncerned abut； tend t； calm dwn
解析： 1. 考查短語辨析。句意：技術(shù)變化如此之快,很難跟上它。"keep up with"意思是"跟上,不落后",此處表示難以跟上技術(shù)快速變化的節(jié)奏,符合語境。
2. 考查短語辨析及時態(tài)。句意：我們利用溫暖的天氣,做了一些庭院工作。"take advantage f"意為"利用",結(jié)合后文"did sme yard wrk"可知,動作發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用一般過去時,所以用tk advantage f。
3. 考查短語辨析及時態(tài)。句意：去年他沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲,這嚴(yán)重影響了他的學(xué)業(yè)。"be addicted t"表示"對……上癮,沉迷于",由"last year"可知時態(tài)為一般過去時,主語he是第三人稱單數(shù),所以用was addicted t。
4. 考查短語辨析。句意：圖書館里有各種各樣的書,所以你總能找到有趣的東西來讀。"a variety f"意為"各種各樣的",用于修飾"bks",表示書的種類繁多。
5. 考查短語辨析及時態(tài)。句意：每年,他們都會在客廳張貼一些節(jié)日圖片來迎接新年。"put up"有"張貼"之意,根據(jù)"Every year"可知,描述的是經(jīng)常性的動作,用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是they,所以用put up。
6. 考查短語辨析及時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這個房間看起來有點擁擠,因為這個大沙發(fā)占據(jù)了客廳太多空間。"take up"有"占據(jù)（空間、時間等）"的含義,句子描述的是一般情況,用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語"the large sfa"是第三人稱單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用takes up。
7. 考查短語辨析及時態(tài)。句意：昨天我向那家著名的公司申請了一份工作,現(xiàn)在正在等待回復(fù)。"apply fr"表示"申請",由"yesterday"可知,時態(tài)為一般過去時,所以用applied fr。
8. 考查短語辨析及時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：她擔(dān)心她奶奶嚴(yán)重的咳嗽,希望不是什么嚴(yán)重的問題。"be cncerned abut"意思是"擔(dān)心,關(guān)心",句子描述的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),主語"She"是第三人稱單數(shù),所以用is cncerned abut。
9. 考查短語辨析及時態(tài)。句意：最近的研究表明,女孩往往比男孩更擅長語言。"tend t"表示"往往會,傾向于",這里陳述客觀事實,用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語"girls"是復(fù)數(shù),所以用tend t。
10. 考查短語辨析。句意：爭吵之后我花了一個小時才平靜下來。"calm dwn"意為"平靜下來","It takes sb. + 時間 + t d sth."為固定句型,表示"做某事花費某人多長時間",t后接動詞原形,所以用calm dwn。
apply fr calm dwn a variety f take up be cncerned abut
tend t keep up with take advantage f put up be addicted t

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