用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
題型一 形容詞后綴的考查
1.(23-24高三·福建漳州·階段練習(xí))S far, Shalin Kungfu has becme a windw f Chinese culture t the wrld, which als turns Shalin Temple int the mst (influence) “hly land” f martial arts in the wrld.
【答案】influential
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:至今,少林功夫已成為中國(guó)文化向世界展示的窗口,這也使少林寺成為世界上最具影響力的武術(shù)“圣地”??仗幦鄙傩稳菰~作定語(yǔ),influence對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞為influential“有影響力的”。故填influential。
2.(23-24高三·重慶·期中)The city’s task centers n the belief that its (star) skies have the ptential t inject energy int the cnventinal turism.
【答案】starry
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:這座城市的任務(wù)集中在相信它的星空有可能為傳統(tǒng)旅游業(yè)注入活力。修飾名詞skies應(yīng)用形容詞starry,故填starry。
3.(24-25高三·吉林長(zhǎng)春·期末)Brn in 1587, Xu Xiake grew up in a rich family. Yet he rejected the ___ (cmfrt) life t travel the lst wrld f imperial China.
【答案】cmfrtable
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:徐霞客生于1587年,在一個(gè)富有的家庭中長(zhǎng)大。然而,他毅然放棄了安逸的生活,選擇去探索那個(gè)鮮為人知的古代中國(guó)世界。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),空白處修飾名詞life,作定語(yǔ),應(yīng)用形容詞cmfrtable“安逸的”。故填cmfrtable。
4.(23-24高三·廣東·階段練習(xí))Tday, these yellwed pieces f mail have becme a (natin) cultural treasure.
【答案】natinal
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:今天,這些泛黃的郵件已經(jīng)成為國(guó)家的文化瑰寶。修飾名詞cultural treasure應(yīng)用形容詞。故填natinal。
5.(2024·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè))As China has mre than 297 millin peple (age) 60 and ver, accrding t the latest statistics, this day has grwn in ppularity ver the years.
【答案】aged
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:根據(jù)最新統(tǒng)計(jì),中國(guó)60歲及以上的人口超過(guò)2.97億,這一天多年來(lái)越來(lái)越受歡迎。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要形容詞,意為“年齡是……歲的”,作后置定語(yǔ)。故填aged。
6.(23-24高三·湖北·階段練習(xí))S it ges in China, where tea is (day) necessity.
【答案】daily
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:在茶是日常必需品的中國(guó)也是如此。分析句子可知,空處是修飾necessity的定語(yǔ),day的形容詞形式daily符合題意,意為“日常的”,daily necessity意為“日常必需品”。故填daily。
7.(2024·山東·模擬預(yù)測(cè))Nwadays, muttn htpt has becme ne f the favrite cuisines f the Chinese, with (technlgy) develpment in muttn prductin allwing fr year-rund supplies f fresh meat acrss the cuntry.
【答案】technlgical
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:如今,羊肉火鍋已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)人最喜歡的美食之一,隨著羊肉生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,全國(guó)各地全年都有新鮮的肉類供應(yīng)。修飾名詞develpment,應(yīng)用形容詞technlgical作定語(yǔ)。故填technlgical。
8.(23-24高三·河南鄭州·階段練習(xí)) Whether due t its lng histry r the strng (decrate) effect, silk flwers were cmmn accessries f the ancient wmen.
【答案】decrative
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:無(wú)論是由于其悠久的歷史,還是強(qiáng)烈的裝飾效果,絹花是古代婦女常用的飾物。修飾后面的名詞effect,使用形容詞作定語(yǔ),故填decrative。
9.(2024·山東·模擬預(yù)測(cè))The tray table is (adjust), s that passengers seated at different heights are able t use it.
【答案】adjustable
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:小桌板是可調(diào)節(jié)的,因此坐在不同高度的乘客都可以使用它。作表語(yǔ),表示“可調(diào)節(jié)的”應(yīng)用形容詞adjustable。故填adjustable。
10.(福建省廈門第二中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題)On the east bank f Chahu, China’s fifth-largest freshwater lake, rests a (mystery) ancient “kingdm” f jade called Lingjiatan.
【答案】mysterius
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:在中國(guó)第五大淡水湖巢湖東岸,坐落著一個(gè)神秘的古代玉石“王國(guó)”——凌家灘。修飾名詞kingdm應(yīng)用形容詞mysterius,作定語(yǔ)。故填mysterius。
題型二 副詞后綴的考查
1.(2024·江蘇泰州·模擬預(yù)測(cè))Mving frward, we’ll grasp the pprtunities t remain at the frefrnt f BRI’s jint cnstructin and prvide mre tp-level green energy (glbal).”
【答案】 glbally
【解析】考查副詞。句意:展望未來(lái),我們將抓住機(jī)遇,繼續(xù)走在共建“一帶一路”前列,為全球提供更多高水平綠色能源。分析句子可知,空處修飾動(dòng)詞prvide,用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填glbally。
(2024·浙江·二模)It is believed that by arranging things (apprpriate), ne can harnize the energies f the natural wrld.
【答案】 apprpriately
【解析】考查副詞。句意:人們相信,通過(guò)適當(dāng)布置事物,可以和諧自然界的能量。此處需要一個(gè)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞arranging,因此使用apprpriately“適當(dāng)?shù)亍?,作狀語(yǔ)。故填apprpriately。
3.(2024·遼寧六校聯(lián)考)Apart frm this, existing examples f ancient Chinese architecture are als (wide) praised fr its elegant utlines and varius features, such as verhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned rf crners, and different shapes f rfs.
【答案】widely
【解析】考查副詞。句意:除此之外,現(xiàn)存的中國(guó)古代建筑也因其優(yōu)美的外形和各種不同的特征而廣受贊譽(yù),如懸垂的屋檐、翹起的屋角和不同形狀的屋頂。修飾動(dòng)詞praise應(yīng)用副詞widely,表示“廣泛地”,wide作副詞時(shí)表示“寬地”不符合語(yǔ)境。故填widely。
4.(2023高三·河北秦皇島·階段練習(xí))“One wh hlds ffice shuld pl the ideas and wisdm f the peple and_________ (extensive) draw n all well-intended and useful views,” wrte Zhuge Liang in his article, “Instructins t Subjects and Officials.”
【答案】extensively
【解析】考查副詞。句意:諸葛亮在他的《教與軍師長(zhǎng)史參軍掾?qū)佟分袑懙溃骸盀楣僬呔褪且紡V益,廣泛吸取忠直有益的意見(jiàn)?!毙揎梽?dòng)詞詞組draw n“利用”應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填extensively。
5.(23-24·山東·階段練習(xí))The bat cmes ut (magnificent), and its shape and features are distinctive f the nrth f Fujian prvince.
【答案】magnificently
【解析】考查副詞。句意:這艘船出來(lái)時(shí)氣勢(shì)恢宏,其形狀和特征具有閩北特色。提示詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)cmes ut,用副詞magnificently作狀語(yǔ),意為“壯麗地,宏偉地”。故填magnificently。
6.(2024·江西九江·二模)In 2005, the pattern was (successful)selected as the symbl f China’s cultural heritage t shwcase the ancient Chinese peple’s wisdm and aspiratins.
【答案】successfully
【解析】考查副詞。句意:2005年,該圖案成功入選中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)標(biāo)志,展示了中國(guó)古代人民的智慧和愿望。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填successfully。
7.(2024·山東·模擬預(yù)測(cè))It was als (extrardinary) ppular amng many ryal families f the Qing Dynasty.
【答案】extrardinarily
【解析】考查副詞。句意:它在清朝的許多皇室中也非常流行。根據(jù)空后的形容詞可知,此處應(yīng)用extrardinary的副詞形式。故填extrardinarily。
8.(23-24高三·河南鄭州·階段練習(xí))Silk flwers are the flwers (typical) made with silk, satin and ther high-grade fabrics.
【答案】typically
【解析】考查副詞。句意:絹花是用絲綢、緞子等高檔面料制作的花。修飾動(dòng)詞made,使用副詞作狀語(yǔ),故填typically。
9.(2024·湖南高三模擬) (basic), medical incense can kill bacteria in the envirnment, prtecting peple against infectins.
【答案】Basically
【解析】考查副詞。句意:基本上,藥香可以殺死環(huán)境中的細(xì)菌,保護(hù)人們免受感染。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用basic的副詞basically作狀語(yǔ),修飾句子,意為“基本上地”,同時(shí)該空置于句首,開(kāi)頭單詞首字母大寫。故填Basically。
(2024·云南師大附中高三模擬) Saint-Exupéry wrte and drew n (extreme) thin paper, which made the task f transprting the pages f the manuscript even mre challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副詞。句意:圣-??颂K普海姆在極其薄的紙上書(shū)寫和繪圖,這使得運(yùn)送手稿的任務(wù)變得更加困難。修飾形容詞thin應(yīng)使用副詞,extremely意為“極其”,故填extremely。
題型三 名詞后綴的考查
1.(2024·浙江嘉興·模擬預(yù)測(cè))Unlike Qingzhi, Wan Yue, a mther f tw, became a hanfu (enthusiasm) fr the sense f cmmunity.
【答案】enthusiast
【解析】考查名詞。句意:與清芝不同的是,作為兩個(gè)孩子的母親,萬(wàn)悅成為了一名追求社區(qū)感的漢服愛(ài)好者。結(jié)合語(yǔ)義和不定冠詞a,用單數(shù)名詞enthusiast (愛(ài)好者)作表語(yǔ)。故填enthusiast。
2.(23-24高三·安徽·階段練習(xí)) It has als facilitated the (adpt) f clean energy in Africa, helping it avid the pllutin assciated with Western industrializatin.
【答案】adptin
【解析】考查名詞。句意:它還促進(jìn)了非洲采用清潔能源,幫助非洲避免了與西方工業(yè)化相關(guān)的污染。根據(jù)空前的the和空后的f可知此處應(yīng)該填名詞adptin作賓語(yǔ),為不可數(shù)名詞。故填adptin。
3.(2024·湖北十堰·模擬預(yù)測(cè))Have yu ever experienced ne f the earliest mvies? It basts star-studded ensembles (樂(lè)團(tuán)), underges rapid transfrmatins in the blink f an eye, and even includes special effects, music and (perfrm), all withut the aid f machines r cmputers.
【答案】perfrmances
【解析】考查名詞。句意:它擁有眾星云集的樂(lè)團(tuán),瞬息之間千變?nèi)f化,甚至包括特效、音樂(lè)和表演,所有這些都不需要機(jī)器或電腦的幫助。分析句子可知,空處和special effects以及music并列,作includes的賓語(yǔ),名詞perfrmance“表演”符合題意,且空前沒(méi)有表示單數(shù)概念的修飾語(yǔ),可數(shù)名詞perfrmance應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表泛指。故填perfrmances。
4.(2024·湖南·一模)Start yur (explre) frm Sichuan Cuisine Museum, enjy different aspects f Sichuan cuisine, satisfy yur curisity and taste buds and experience all fun fr “Playing with Chuancais”.
【答案】explratin
【解析】考查名詞。句意:從川菜博物館開(kāi)始,領(lǐng)略川菜的方方面面,滿足你的好奇心和味蕾,體驗(yàn)“玩川菜”的一切樂(lè)趣。分析句子可知,空處作start的賓語(yǔ),用名詞。故填explratin。
5.(23-24·湖北·沙市中學(xué)模擬)Nw as Hangzhu has grabbed the wrld's attentin, turists frm varius places have gathered t this heavenly city t enjy its slw life temp and beautiful natural __ (surrund) .
【答案】surrundings
【解析】考查名詞。句意:同上。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用surrund的名詞surrundings作賓語(yǔ),意為“周圍環(huán)境”,其通常使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填surrundings。
(23-24·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·雅禮中學(xué)模擬)In sme parts f China, this ceremny is experiencing a____ (revive).
【答案】revival
【解析】考查名詞。句意:在中國(guó)的一些地區(qū),這個(gè)儀式正在復(fù)興。作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),結(jié)合不定冠詞可知應(yīng)用單數(shù)名詞revival,故填revival。
7.(24-25高三·吉林長(zhǎng)春·期末)“On the surface, Xu's travel can neither be classified as great affairs f state nr great undertakings that changed the curse f histry.” writes the cultural histrian Zheng Peikai. “Xu traveled t satisfy his wn______ (curius) — he traveled fr the sake f traveling.”
【答案】curisity
【解析】考查名詞。句意:徐旅行是為了滿足自己的好奇心——他旅行是為了旅行。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),空白處在句子中作賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用名詞curisity“好奇心”,不可數(shù)名詞。故填curisity。
8.(23-24·山東·階段練習(xí))During the early hurs f the Lantern Festival, abut 60 t 70 villagers gather t burn the midnight il at the lcal ancestral hall t finish the making f the giant bat,which is abut 6 t 8 meters lng and 3 t 4 meters in (high), in ne g.
【答案】height
【解析】考查名詞。句意:在元宵節(jié)的凌晨,大約60到70名村民聚集在當(dāng)?shù)氐撵籼美?,點(diǎn)燃午夜的油,一口氣完成巨型船的制作,這艘船長(zhǎng)約6到8米,高約3到4米。提示詞作介詞賓語(yǔ),用名詞height;in height“有……高”。故填height。
9.(23-24高三·廣東珠海·階段練習(xí))It’s believed that recgnizing the cultural value f the custm matters in the ____ (prmte) f Chinese traditins.
【答案】prmtin
【解析】考查名詞。句意:人們認(rèn)為,認(rèn)識(shí)到這種習(xí)俗的文化價(jià)值對(duì)于弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)很重要。分析句子成分可知,空處為名詞形式。故填prmtin。
10.(23-24高三·山東威?!るA段練習(xí))It is just ne example f ancient wrks f art that nt nly tells the (wise) f ur ancestrs, but als is a witness t the pursuit f beauty by Chinese craftsmen thrughut centuries.
【答案】wisdm
【解析】考查名詞。句意:它只是古代藝術(shù)作品的一個(gè)例子,它不僅講述了我們祖先的智慧,也見(jiàn)證了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)中國(guó)工匠對(duì)美的追求。根據(jù)空前的the和空后的f可知,空處應(yīng)用名詞在句中作賓語(yǔ),wise的名詞是wisdm意為“智慧”,是不可數(shù)名詞。故填wisdm。
題型四 動(dòng)詞后綴的考查
1.T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surface, d exercises t (strength) yur leg muscles.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:為了避免膝蓋疼痛,你可以在柔軟的地面上跑步,做一些鍛煉來(lái)加強(qiáng)你的腿部肌肉。由句意及空前的yu can run n sft surface, d exercises t及空后的yur leg muscles可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形,不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填strengthen。
2.Knwing sme tips will help (sure) that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
【答案】ensure
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)。句意:了解一些技巧將有助于確保你與朋友或家人一起享受愉快的晚餐,無(wú)論你在世界的哪個(gè)地方。help d sth.意思為:有助于做某事,空處之后that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,此處表示“確?!庇脛?dòng)詞ensure。故填ensure。
3.Fr a beginner f sprts, it is highly recmmendable that the time fr training (length) little by little.
【答案】be lengthened
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:對(duì)于剛開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō),強(qiáng)烈建議慢慢延長(zhǎng)訓(xùn)練時(shí)間。分析句子,句中it is recmmendable that sb (shuld)d為虛擬語(yǔ)氣,意為“推薦某人應(yīng)該做某事”,該結(jié)構(gòu)中shuld可以省略。故設(shè)空處使用該使用length的動(dòng)詞lengthen作主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,意為“延長(zhǎng)”。同時(shí)the time 與lengthen之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填be lengthened。
4.The lcal elephant ppulatin (threat) by paching until stricter law enfrcement was implemented.
【答案】was threatened
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:在實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)法之前,當(dāng)?shù)氐拇笙髷?shù)量受到偷獵的威脅。由was可知,句子時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí),由by可知,句子用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因此空格處是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主語(yǔ)The lcal elephant ppulatin是不可數(shù)名詞,因此空格處是was threatened。故填was threatened。
5.Fields f flwers, tile-rfed villages and tasty meals (rich) this wnderful experience.
【答案】enrich
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:鮮花的田野、瓦房的村莊和美味的食物豐富了這一美妙的體驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ),rich的動(dòng)詞是enrich,句子描述客觀事實(shí),時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)“Fields f flwers, tile-rfed villages and tasty meals”是復(fù)數(shù)概念,因此空格處用動(dòng)詞原形,故填enrich。
題型五 前綴的考查
1.(2024·湖北十堰·模擬預(yù)測(cè))The challenge f mastering this millennia-ld technique within such a shrt time initially seemed like missin (pssible).
【答案】impssible
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握這一千年歷史的技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)最初似乎是不可能完成的任務(wù)。分析句子可知,空處作修飾missin的定語(yǔ),結(jié)合“The challenge f mastering this millennia-ld technique within such a shrt time”可知,此處指“不可能完成的任務(wù)”,應(yīng)用pssible的反義詞impssible,意為“不可能的”。
2.(2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·階段練習(xí))I shall never frget watching the sunrise ver the sea-it was (frget)!
【答案】unfrgettable
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在海上看日出——它是令人難以忘記的??崭袂啊皐as”是系動(dòng)詞,后面接形容詞。括號(hào)中給出的提示詞動(dòng)詞“frget”,對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞是“frgettable”意思是“易被忘記的”。但根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該使用反義“難以忘記的”,需要添加否定前綴。故填unfrgettable。
3.Many stars, which are ut f the slar system, are (visible) withut a telescpe.
【答案】invisible
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:太陽(yáng)系外的許多恒星不用望遠(yuǎn)鏡是看不見(jiàn)的。由句意可知,此處應(yīng)用visible的反義詞invisible(看不見(jiàn)的),形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填invisible。
4.If ne is late fr a jb interview, it is (likely) that he will get the jb.
【答案】unlikely
【解析】考查形容詞和構(gòu)詞法。句意:如果一個(gè)人面試遲到,他就不太可能得到工作。由If ne is late fr a jb interview(如果一個(gè)人面試遲到)可知,如果一個(gè)人面試遲到,他就不太可能得到工作,因此空格處為“不可能的”,is后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ),“不可能的”的形容詞為unlikely,故填unlikely。
5.He is a gd teacher wh never expresses the least (patience) with slw learners.
【答案】impatience
【解析】考查構(gòu)詞法。句意:他是一位好老師,對(duì)學(xué)得慢的學(xué)生從不表現(xiàn)出絲毫不耐煩的。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)是“不耐煩,沒(méi)耐心”;patience是名詞“耐心”,前面加上否定前綴im-,構(gòu)成其反義詞impatience“不耐煩”。故填impatience。
6.It is (legal) t emply smene under the age f sixteen.
【答案】illegal
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:雇用16歲以下的人是違法的。根據(jù)背景知識(shí),“emply smene under the age f sixteen(雇傭16歲以下的人)”應(yīng)該是違法的;legal是“合法的”,應(yīng)加否定前綴il-, 構(gòu)成形容詞illegal,意思為“非法的”。故填illegal。
題型一 閱讀理解
閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法理解文中加黑字)
The US Institute f Electrical and Electrnics Engineers (IEEE) recently asked scientists, lawyers, scial scientists and ther experts t cnsider sme f these ethical dimensin. T give tw examples: n privacy, as we let mre listening devices int ur hmes, hw d we prevent the data they cllect falling int the wrng hands thrugh hacking (黑客) r simply being sld between cmpanies withut us receiving any mney? Anther example: mixed reality, including virtual reality, will becme pervasive in the next few years. As we mve frm headsets t what the IEEE cmmittee describes as “mre delicate sensry enhancements” we will use technlgy t live in an illusry wrld in many aspects f ur lives. Hw d we balance the rights f the individual, cntrl ver ur virtual identity, and the need t live and interact n a face-t-face basis while being empwered t live rich lives in mixed reality?
There is, f curse, always a tensin between innvatin and regulatin. But it can ften seem that giant steps are taken in technlgy with minimal public discussin. Take the self-driving car: althugh it may be safer than human drivers and is likely t save mre than a millin lives a year wrldwide, it will als take jbs frm drivers, traffic plice, sign-makers, car-repair cmpanies, carmakers and mre. Is this a bargain we want t make? In taking that decisin, have we given thught t a car that knws everywhere we g, decides rutes, perhaps, based n paid advertisement frm shps alng the way—and listens and sees everything we d n bard? What will happen t that data and can it be kept safe?
Additinally, while sme wrry abut the uncmmn “trlley prblem” f whm the car shuld chse t hit in a strange accident—an ld lady r a mther and baby—perhaps the mre frequent issue will be hw we find ut what the algrithm (運(yùn)算程序) was thinking at the time f an accident, because AIs (Artificial Intelligence) are self-learning and devise their wn strategies.
Similar cncerns are emerging ver the internet f things. Rbt vacuum-cleaners already plt cleaning cycles using cmputer-aided visin that, fr sme mdels, is relayed t their manufacturers. As mre things at hme becme cnnected, they will be hackable and the data they cllect saleable.
It’s time fr sme messy, demcratic discussins abut the future f AI.
1.Tw examples in paragraph 1 are used t________.
A.shed sme light n hacking in ur mdern life
B.lead the reader t think f ethical issues brught by hi-tech
C.lead in the fllwing example cncerning the self-driving car
D.list the existing prblems that caught the attentin f experts
2.The wrd “pervasive” in paragraph 1 prbably means “________”.
A.intelligentB.pwerfulC.widespreadD.skillful
3.We can infer frm the passage that________.
A.innvatin shuld be accmpanied by guidelines t relieve tensin
B.mre giant innvative steps will lead t fewer public discussin
C.disadvantages f the self-driving car will utweigh its advantages
D.a(chǎn)rtificial intelligence fails t have a prmising and bright future
4.In the passage, the authr intends t ________.
A.expse sme underlying prblems in high-technlgy
B.call n prfessinals t enfrce law and rder
C.illustrate AI’s abilities in self-devising and self-learning strategies
D.display ur inter-cnnected cmputer-aided life in future
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章以自動(dòng)駕駛車輛以及機(jī)器人吸塵器可能帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題為例,揭露高科技的潛在問(wèn)題,呼吁人們考慮高科技帶來(lái)的一些倫理問(wèn)題。
1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“The US Institute f Electrical and Electrnics Engineers (IEEE) recently asked scientists, lawyers, scial scientists and ther experts t cnsider sme f these ethical dimensin. (美國(guó)電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會(huì)(IEEE)最近要求科學(xué)家、律師、社會(huì)科學(xué)家和其他專家考慮其中一些道德層面)”推知,第一段的兩個(gè)例子是為了引導(dǎo)讀者思考高科技帶來(lái)的倫理問(wèn)題。故選B。
2.詞句猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合常識(shí)和第一段“in the next few years(未來(lái)幾年)”可知,隨著時(shí)間的發(fā)展,新興事物之后會(huì)變得普遍,劃線詞所在句子意為“混合現(xiàn)實(shí),包括虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí),將在未來(lái)幾年變得普遍”,即pervasive意為“普遍的”,與widespread同義。故選C。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“There is, f curse, always a tensin between innvatin and regulatin. But it can ften seem that giant steps are taken in technlgy with minimal public discussin. (當(dāng)然,創(chuàng)新和監(jiān)管之間總是存在矛盾。但在科技領(lǐng)域取得巨大進(jìn)展時(shí),公眾的討論往往很少)”和最后一段“It’s time fr sme messy, demcratic discussins abut the future f AI.(是時(shí)候?qū)θ斯ぶ悄艿奈磥?lái)進(jìn)行一些混亂、民主的討論了)”可知,科技發(fā)展,公眾需要進(jìn)行一些相關(guān)討論去明確方向,可得出創(chuàng)新應(yīng)伴隨著緩解緊張局勢(shì)的指導(dǎo)方針。故選A。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“T give tw examples: n privacy, as we let mre listening devices int ur hmes, hw d we prevent the data they cllect falling int the wrng hands thrugh hacking(黑客)r simply being sld between cmpanies withut us receiving any mney? Anther example: mixed reality, including virtual reality, will becme pervasive in the next few years. As we mve frm headsets t what the IEEE cmmittee describes as “mre delicate sensry enhancements” we will use technlgy t live in an illusry wrld in many aspects f ur lives. Hw d we balance the rights f the individual, cntrl ver ur virtual identity, and the need t live and interact n a face-t-face basis while being empwered t live rich lives in mixed reality?(舉兩個(gè)例子:關(guān)于隱私,當(dāng)我們讓更多的監(jiān)聽(tīng)設(shè)備進(jìn)入我們的家庭時(shí),我們?nèi)绾畏乐顾鼈兪占臄?shù)據(jù)通過(guò)黑客攻擊落入壞人手中,或者僅僅在公司之間出售而我們沒(méi)有收到任何錢?另一個(gè)例子:混合現(xiàn)實(shí),包括虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí),將在未來(lái)幾年變得普遍。隨著我們從耳機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向IEEE委員會(huì)所描述的“更精細(xì)的感官增強(qiáng)”,我們將在生活的許多方面使用技術(shù)生活在一個(gè)虛幻的世界中。我們?nèi)绾纹胶鈧€(gè)人的權(quán)利、對(duì)虛擬身份的控制,以及在面對(duì)面的基礎(chǔ)上生活和互動(dòng)的需要,同時(shí)有權(quán)在混合現(xiàn)實(shí)中過(guò)上豐富的生活?)”以及下文提到的自動(dòng)駕駛車輛以及機(jī)器人吸塵器可能帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題推知,作者寫作本文的目的是暴露一些高科技的潛在問(wèn)題。故選A。
題型二 語(yǔ)法填空
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
(23-24高三·山東濟(jì)南·開(kāi)學(xué)考試)Silk, a kind f light, delicate and sft fabric, has pushed its way thrughut China’s histry. One cannt be certain f its rigin, but the ancient Chinese peple credited their wn wisdm 5 Leizu, the wife f the Yellw Emperr, as the 6 (invent) f sericulture(養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)).
Amng the varius styles and materials f silk, Nanjing Yunjin is a fancy fabric ften 7 (use) fr ryal cstumes, representing China’s highest level f silk knitting(編織) technique. Yunjin is best made by hand in a cmplex prcedure, 8 cnsists f mre than a hundred steps. Even the mst skilled craftsmen can nly knit a few centimeters a day. Time, patience 9 skillfulness all play critical rles in its rare beauty. In the Western Han Dynasty, explrer Zhang Qian 10 (pen) up the rutes t the western regins. Silk, 11 (play) a critical rle in the ancient rutes, beautified cuntries in Central Asia and then ther parts f Eurasia and beynd.
In the hands f Chinese artists, the 12 (thin) threads can knit enrmus pssibilities, and the sftest material can pass thrugh thusands f years. As ne f the many 13 (wnder) f ancient China, silk is nt merely a type f fabric. It is a cultural symbl as well as 14 expressin f elegance.
【答案】
5.t 6.inventr 7.used 8.which 9.a(chǎn)nd 10.pened 11.playing 12.thinnest 13.wnders 14.a(chǎn)n
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了中國(guó)絲綢的歷史、表現(xiàn)形式、地位和意義。
5.考查介詞。句意:人們不能確定它的起源,但古代中國(guó)人將自己的智慧歸功于黃帝的妻子嫘祖,她是養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)的發(fā)明者。credit sth. t sb.意為“將……歸功于某人”,為固定搭配。故填t。
6.考查名詞。句意參考上題。根據(jù)空前的the可知,空處應(yīng)用名詞,inventr意為“發(fā)明者,發(fā)明家”,為可數(shù)名詞,這里特指嫘祖是養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)的發(fā)明者,應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)。故填inventr。
7.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在各種風(fēng)格和材料的絲綢中,南京云錦是皇室服飾中常用的一種精致面料,代表著中國(guó)絲綢編織技術(shù)的最高水平。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語(yǔ)a fancy fabric和use之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填used。
8.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:云錦經(jīng)過(guò)復(fù)雜程序用最好的手工制作而成,這種程序包括一百多個(gè)步驟。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代先行詞a cmplex prcedure,指物,且在從句中作主語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)用which。故填which。
9.考查連詞。句意:時(shí)間、耐心和技巧都在其罕見(jiàn)的美麗中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),Time, patience和skillfulness之間是并列關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用and連接。故填and。
10.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:西漢時(shí)期,探險(xiǎn)家張騫開(kāi)辟了西域之路。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“In the Western Han Dynasty”可知,這里表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填pened。
11.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:絲綢在古代路線中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,美化了中亞國(guó)家,然后美化了歐亞大陸其他地區(qū)和其他地區(qū)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語(yǔ)Silk和play之間是主謂關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,作后置定語(yǔ)。故填playing。
12.考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。句意:在中國(guó)藝術(shù)家的手中,最細(xì)的線可以編織出巨大的可能性,最柔軟的材料可以穿越數(shù)千年。根據(jù)空前的the和下文中的“the sftest material”可知,這里表示最高級(jí),意為最細(xì)的線,應(yīng)用thin的最高級(jí)形式thinnest。故填thinnest。
13.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:作為中國(guó)古代眾多奇跡之一,絲綢不僅僅是一種織物。wnder意為“奇跡”,為可數(shù)名詞,其前有many修飾,所以應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填wnders。
14.考查冠詞。句意:它是一種文化象征,也是優(yōu)雅的表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)空后的“expressin f elegance”可知,這里泛指一種優(yōu)雅的表現(xiàn),且expressin的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭,所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。故填an。
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出最佳答案。
1.(2024年1月浙江卷閱讀理解C篇)
On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm (花暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary’s suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be cusing drught.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龍卷風(fēng)) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
8. What des the prject aim t d?
A. Cnserve misture in the sil.B. Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.
C. Frecast disastrus hailstrms.D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Wh are ppsed t the prject?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.B. Managers f insurance cmpanies.
C. Prvincial gvernment fficials.D. Residents f Calgary and Edmntn
10. Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999?
A. T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C. T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
D. T shw the link between strms and misture.
11. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.
D. Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了1991年9月7日,加拿大歷史上損失最大的冰雹襲擊了卡爾加里的南郊。因此,自1996年以來(lái),一組保險(xiǎn)公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制項(xiàng)目上花費(fèi)約200萬(wàn)美元。飛機(jī)在有威脅的風(fēng)暴中心中播撒一種化學(xué)物質(zhì),使小冰晶在變成危險(xiǎn)的冰雹之前像雨一樣落下。但是,在艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民們擔(dān)心,“冰雹計(jì)劃”飛行的下風(fēng)處,寶貴的水分正被人工降雨從他們干渴的土地上偷走。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes.(因此,自1996年以來(lái),一組保險(xiǎn)公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制項(xiàng)目上花費(fèi)約200萬(wàn)美元。飛機(jī)在有威脅的風(fēng)暴中心中播撒一種化學(xué)物質(zhì),使小冰晶在變成危險(xiǎn)的冰雹之前像雨一樣落下)”可知,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是防止冰雹的形成。故選B項(xiàng)。
【9題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.(但是,在艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民們擔(dān)心,“冰雹計(jì)劃”飛行的下風(fēng)處,寶貴的水分正被人工降雨從他們干渴的土地上偷走)”可知,艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民反對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選A項(xiàng)。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龍卷風(fēng)) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”(查克·多斯韋爾是一位剛剛從俄克拉何馬大學(xué)退休的研究科學(xué)家,他對(duì)人工降雨的安全性持懷疑態(tài)度。“1999年,我在堪薩斯州親眼目睹了由種子風(fēng)暴細(xì)胞形成的重大龍卷風(fēng),”多斯韋爾博士說(shuō)?!叭斯そ涤陼?huì)制造致命風(fēng)暴還是減少順風(fēng)處的水分?當(dāng)然,沒(méi)有人真正知道,但是播種還在繼續(xù)?!?”可推知,多斯韋爾博士提到他在1999年看到的龍卷風(fēng)是為了提示人工降雨可能帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.(考慮到質(zhì)疑的程度,斯廷旺德建議,“停止人工降雨是明智的?!痹趯?shí)踐中,懷疑產(chǎn)生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有關(guān)其影響的科學(xué)證據(jù),沒(méi)有人成功地贏得了對(duì)人工降雨公司的訴訟。因此,私人氣候工程可以在相對(duì)合法的安全條件下進(jìn)行)”可推知,從最后一段我們能推斷出人工降雨公司將繼續(xù)存在。故選D項(xiàng)。
2.(2023年新高考II卷閱讀理解D篇)
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (編碼) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “l(fā)istening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
12. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
13. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
14. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
15. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。城市化讓人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接觸到自然,但一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)城市中的野生自然對(duì)人類健康和幸福感具有重要影響。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)一座大型城市公園的游客進(jìn)行調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)與野生自然的互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造出一種可用的語(yǔ)言,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)和參與最令人滿意和有意義的活動(dòng)。該研究呼吁保護(hù)城市中的野生自然。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.(隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展,生活在城市地區(qū)的人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接近大自然。如果你幸運(yùn)的話,你住的地方附近可能會(huì)有一個(gè)袖珍公園,但在城市里找到相對(duì)天然的地方是罕見(jiàn)的)”可知,文章開(kāi)頭作者講述了一種現(xiàn)象,在城市里,人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (編碼) experiences int different categries. (他們調(diào)查了數(shù)百名公園游客,要求他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上提交一份書(shū)面總結(jié),描述他們?cè)诠珗@里與大自然有意義的互動(dòng)。然后,研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息,將體驗(yàn)分為不同的類別)”可知,研究人員按照公園游客提交的在公園里與大自然互動(dòng)的活動(dòng)把游客分類,再根據(jù)第四段“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. (在這320份提交的作品中,一種被研究人員稱為“自然語(yǔ)言”的分類模式開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)。在對(duì)所有提交的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編碼后,有六個(gè)類別被認(rèn)為對(duì)游客最重要)”可推斷,給游客分類是為了區(qū)分不同的游客類別。故選A。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break. (命名每一種自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語(yǔ)言,這有助于人們認(rèn)識(shí)并參與到對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意和最有意義的活動(dòng)中。例如,沿著水邊散步的經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)讓一個(gè)年輕的專業(yè)人士在周末去公園徒步旅行時(shí)感到滿意。在工作日回到市中心,他們可以在午休時(shí)沿著噴泉散步,享受一種更居家的互動(dòng)方式)”可知,本段講述了自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造一種可用的語(yǔ)言,有助于人們識(shí)別并參與對(duì)自己來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意最有意義的活動(dòng),接下來(lái)以一個(gè)年輕的專業(yè)人士參與自然的方式舉例說(shuō)明,去公園時(shí)沿著水邊散步讓他感到滿意,回到市中心工作時(shí)他可以通過(guò)沿著噴泉散步獲得滿足。因此推知,從第五段的例子中我們可以知道一樣的自然體驗(yàn)可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式。故選C。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study. (“我們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種語(yǔ)言,幫助將人類與自然的互動(dòng)帶回我們的日常生活中。要做到這一點(diǎn),我們還需要保護(hù)自然,這樣我們才能與它互動(dòng),”該研究的資深作者彼得·卡恩說(shuō)。)”可推斷,彼得·卡恩認(rèn)為在我們與大自然互動(dòng)之前我們應(yīng)該先要保護(hù)自然。故選B。
目錄
01 模擬基礎(chǔ)練
【題型一】形容詞后綴的考查
【題型二】副詞后綴的考查
【題型三】名詞后綴的考查
【題型四】動(dòng)詞后綴的考查
【題型五】前綴的考查
02 重難創(chuàng)新練
03 真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練

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