一、思維導(dǎo)圖
二、方法點(diǎn)撥
1. 設(shè)問方式
The underlined wrd “ … ” refers t/ (prbably) means .
“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…
What d yu think the expressin “…” stands fr?
What des the underlined wrd “…” refer t in the last paragraph?
Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f the wrd “ … ”?
The underlined wrd “…” culd best be replaced by…
Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t the wrd “ … ”?
What des the authr mean by “…” in paragraph 2?
2. 七大技巧
1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如逗號(hào)后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號(hào)后的解釋、括號(hào)內(nèi)的解釋等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：
例子1
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
29．Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Cmplex. B．Advanced.
C．Pwerful. D．Mdern.
[分析] 根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子可知，人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的很多因素導(dǎo)致許多語言消失，而逐漸被英語、西班牙語、漢語等語言取代，畫線詞前后的解釋暗示了這些語言逐漸占主導(dǎo)地位，故選C項(xiàng)pwerful (強(qiáng)大的，有影響力的)。
【真題小練 】 (浙江2019.6 閱讀理解B）
Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin
Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with
pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need."
( )What des the expressin "mney with n strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Mney spent withut hesitatin. B.Mney nt legally made.
C.Mney ffered withut cnditins. D.Mney nt tied tgether.
2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時(shí)后面緊跟一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，因此可利用同位關(guān)系對(duì)前面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。例如：
例子2
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem cell curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips — f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干細(xì)胞) in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr (捐獻(xiàn)者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
29．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “curier” in Paragraph 1?
A．prvider B．delivery man
C．cllectr D．medical dctr
[分析] “a vlunteer stem cell curier”是“Peter Hdes”的同位語；根據(jù)文中“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干細(xì)胞) in my little bx”可知，Peter Hdes的任務(wù)就是將捐獻(xiàn)者捐獻(xiàn)的干細(xì)胞運(yùn)送給需要的病人，即作者是干細(xì)胞遞送員。故選擇B項(xiàng)。
3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來，這個(gè)詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed fr children 2 t 10，” Anacleri said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense f drama based n a subject.”
文中interactive是由前綴inter-(相互的)和active(活動(dòng)的，活躍的)構(gòu)成的，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應(yīng)是“互動(dòng)的”。
②Perhaps, we can see sme pssibilities fr next fifty years. But the next hundred?
pssibility是pssible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷pssibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness, uneasiness,_r wrry.
[分析] 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可猜測(cè)uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。
(全國(guó)II 2014 閱讀理解A）
My husband rushed t their hme t find a kind family hlding all papers and dcuments. Their yung daughter had gne t the trash can and fund a pile f unfamiliar last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephne number t a friend. That family nt nly returned the imprtant dcuments t us that day, but als restred ur faith and trust in peple. We still remember their kindness and ften send a warm wish their way.
( )What des the underlined wrd “restred” in the last paragraph mean?
shwed. B. sent ut. C. delivered. D. gave back
4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如：
例子4
If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sftserve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A cntainer. D．A machine.
[分析] 該段第一句含有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，若滿足該條件，則產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是第一句的后半句和第二句， “yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a ‘sft-serve’ creamy dessert, t be eaten right away.” 即“將冰凍香蕉和其他莓類、水果片放進(jìn)去，出來的是奶油狀甜品”。由此因果關(guān)系可推知juicer指的是榨汁機(jī)。故選擇D項(xiàng)。
5.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
文章中的代詞it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)也需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物。例如：
例子5
[2]Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S.the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
[3]It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
[分析] 根據(jù)語境可知，畫線詞that指代第二段“Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.”的內(nèi)容，即爵士樂聽眾的數(shù)量減少并且趨于老齡化，不受年輕人喜歡的現(xiàn)狀。故選C。
6.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時(shí)會(huì)使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個(gè)詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個(gè)詞的意思。
[例] (2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀D節(jié)選)
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre_is_mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
例子6…
32．What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．The mre, the better.
B．Enugh is enugh.
C．Mre mney, mre wrries.
D．Earn mre and spend mre.
[分析] 根據(jù)該段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects.”可知，作者認(rèn)為成年人都理解物質(zhì)過剩的那種感覺，后面又用反問句提出了問題：但是，說到孩子們和他們的物品，我們?yōu)槭裁赐ǔＳ终J(rèn)定mre is mre呢？由此推知，這里的 mre is mre與前面的 flded with為近義呼應(yīng)，指“越多越好”。故選A。
7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but, hwever, therwise等可以推斷上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而可以依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。例如：
①A child's birthday party desn't have t be a hassle;_it can be a basket f fun.
從分號(hào)前后兩句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket f fun是相反的意義，所以不難判斷hassle的意思是“困難，麻煩”。
②She is usually prmpt fr all her class, but tday she arrived in the middle f her first class.
but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根據(jù)后半句的意思“她今天第一節(jié)課上了一半才來”，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。
③The players in the Wrld Cup are prfessinals, while thse wh play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于轉(zhuǎn)折詞“while”引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)分句前后意義相反，我們可推測(cè)出amateurs是prfessinals(專業(yè)人士)的反義詞，意思為“業(yè)余人士，業(yè)余選手”。
例子7…
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Frced ut. D．Tracked dwn.
[分析] 畫線詞的前句說明在黃石公園和美洲大部分地區(qū)曾有許多的灰狼，連詞but轉(zhuǎn)折了句子意義，后來由于人類的發(fā)展，灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少，幾乎消失，由此可推斷出畫線詞的意思為“被迫離開”，故選擇C項(xiàng)。
三、高考真題
2022年6月新高考1卷C篇
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況的項(xiàng)目。
【30題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin (開始)”含義相近。故選C。
2022年6月全國(guó)甲卷 C篇
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鵝) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
【答案】28. A
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了71歲的Ginni Balintn從小就對(duì)旅行有著深深的熱愛，渴望探險(xiǎn)，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開始周游世界，并在2008年開始了前往南極洲的旅程。
【28題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Thrughut her career(職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國(guó)巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest (當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組take the plunge與try challenging things“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。
2022年6月全國(guó)乙卷C篇
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
【答案】 29. C
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。
【29題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和 C項(xiàng)：Inspectin and repair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。
2022年6月北京卷D篇
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open. B. Cl. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
【答案 33. A
【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。
33.【解析】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.”（ 但約翰遜表明，量子計(jì)算的某些方面使得它特別 prne被炒作，可能是因?yàn)椤傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西?！保笨芍?，本句中含有一個(gè)原因狀語從句，因?yàn)椤啊傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prne意為“易于……的”。A. Open.開放的；易受損害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故選A。
2022年6月浙江卷 C
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情緒) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
9. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.
B. Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C. A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.
D. Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
【答案】 9. C
【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了許多人認(rèn)為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果。所以要適度工作，工作時(shí)要有積極的情緒，這會(huì)讓自己在工作中更有效率。
【8題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.(而他那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事會(huì)得到別人不屑的目光，即被認(rèn)為不努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個(gè)努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，劃線單詞g-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B。
2022年1月浙江卷 A
Fr nearly a decade nw,Merebeth has been a self-emplyed pet transprt specialist. Her pet transprt jb was brn f the financial crisis（危機(jī)）in the late 2000s．The dwnturn hit the real estate（房地產(chǎn)）firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager.The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb.One day,while driving near her hme,she saw a dg wandering n the rad, clearly lst. She tk it hme,and her sister in Denver agreed t take it. This was a lving hme fr sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take lng fr Merebeth t decide t drive the dg there herself. It was her first rad trip t her new jb.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana,Washingtn and Oregn,she says prudly.If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven thrugh 55 mph winds in Wyming , heavy flding and strms in Alabama and ttal whiteut cnditins in Kansas.
22.The wrd “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire t ?
A.make mney. B.try varius jbs.
C.be clse t nature. D.travel t different places.
【答案】22. D
【解析】：本文是一篇記敘文，主要敘述了Merebeth 由于公司破產(chǎn)失業(yè)后，在機(jī)緣巧合下成為寵物運(yùn)送員，不僅幫助了動(dòng)物，而且收獲了旅行帶來的精神自由。
第22題 猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第一段It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. 意思為：她很驕傲的說,這個(gè)工作帶她到了全美國(guó)除蒙大拿,華盛頓,俄勒岡以外的所有的州?？芍芟矚g到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited frm her father, she says. He mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld, because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. 遺傳自她的父親也喜歡探索新地方。故答案選D。
2021年6月北京卷 C
Hundreds f scientists, writers and academics sunded a warning t humanity in an pen letter published last December: Plicymakers and the rest f us must engage penly with the risk f glbal cllapse. Researchers in many areas have prjected the widespread cllapse as "a credible scenari（情景）this century".
A survey f scientists fund that extreme weather events, fd insecurity, and freshwater shrtages might create glbal cllapse. Of curse, if yu are a nn-human species, cllapse is well underway.
The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins. Nt very lng ag, it was als unthinkable that a virus wuld shut dwn natins and that safety nets wuld be prven s disastrusly lacking in flexibility.
The internatinal schlars' warning letter desn't say exactly what cllapse will lk like r when it might happen. Cllapselgy, the study f cllapse, is mre cncerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers f everyday civilizatin. Amng the signatries（簽署者）f the warning was Bb Jhnsn, the riginatr f the "eclgical ftprint" cncept, which measures the ttal amunt f envirnmental input needed t maintain a given lifestyle. With the current ftprint f humanity, "it seems that glbal cllapse is certain t happen in sme frm, pssibly within a decade, certainly within this century, " Jhnsn said in an email.
Only if we discuss the cnsequences f ur biphysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hpe t reduce their "speed, severity and harm". And yet messengers f the cming disturbance are likely t be ignred. We all want t hpe things will turn ut fine. As a pet wrte,
Man is a victim f dpe（麻醉品）
In the incurable frm f hpe.
The hundreds f schlars wh signed the letter are intent（執(zhí)著）n quieting hpe that ignres preparedness. "Let's lk directly int the issue f cllapse, " they say, "and deal with the terrible pssibilities f what we see there t make the best f a trubling future."
1.What des the underlined wrd "germane" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant.
2.As fr the public awareness f glbal cllapse, the authr is .
A.wrried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared
答案1D 2A 3B
解析：本文介紹了在這個(gè)世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家仍然無法控制的流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的時(shí)刻，呼吁公眾參與不可思議的事情顯得尤為密切相關(guān)。作者同時(shí)也表達(dá)了對(duì)全球崩潰的認(rèn)識(shí)的擔(dān)憂。
1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)原文第三段 "The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins."在這個(gè)世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家仍然無法控制的流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的時(shí)刻，呼吁公眾參與不可思議的事情顯得尤為密切相關(guān)?？芍?段中帶下劃線的單詞"germane"可能是 "相關(guān)的" 意思。A.scientific科學(xué)的；B.credible可信的；C.riginal原件的；D.relevant相關(guān)的。故選D。
2觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文第五段 "And yet messengers f the cming disturbance are likely t be ignred. We all want t hpe things will turn ut fine." 然而，即將到來的動(dòng)亂的信息很可能被忽視。我們都希望事情會(huì)好起來?？芍劣诠妼?duì)全球崩潰的認(rèn)識(shí)，作者是擔(dān)心的。A.wrried擔(dān)心的；B.puzzled擔(dān)心的；C.surprised困惑的；D.scared害怕的。故選A。
2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans have taken care f these precius natural resurses wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl（水禽）were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat（棲息地）.
2.What des the underlined wrd "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Exprt. C.Destry. D.Distribute.
【答案】2.C
【文章大意】本文為說明文，講述了美國(guó)為了保護(hù)“水禽”頒布了一項(xiàng)政策，狩獵者需要購(gòu)買相關(guān)水禽類郵票，然后政府把售賣所得款撥給候鳥保護(hù)基金組織。
2詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. 根據(jù)Unfrtunately（不幸地是）可知，此處與前文 "taken care f" 形成對(duì)比，故此處應(yīng)表示 "損害、毀壞" 。原文譯為：不幸地是，這些探險(xiǎn)者和定居者只花了幾十年的時(shí)間就毀掉了這些資源的很大一部分。故選C。
2021年6月新高考二卷B篇
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
5. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.
C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
【答案】5. A
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了保證兩只老虎幼崽的存活，決定在家里全天候照顧它們。介紹了老虎在作者家生活的情況以及作者照顧老虎的感受。
【5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（隨著它們的活動(dòng)越來越多，我們白天讓它們?cè)诜孔永镒杂苫顒?dòng)，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們會(huì)）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我們?cè)缟舷聵菚r(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們?cè)谝粋€(gè)大房間里，否則它們就會(huì)調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。
2021年6月全國(guó)甲卷（C篇）
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫桿）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
2.What d the underlined wrds "Safe! Safe! Safe!" prbably mean?
A.Be careful! B.Well dne! C.N way! D.Dn't wrry.
【答案】 2B
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，作者會(huì)議小時(shí)候在英國(guó)南岸這個(gè)倫敦滑板手們段圣地以及和他們一塊度過的美好時(shí)光。
2詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 "Safe! Safe! Safe! " 定位在原文第三段 "And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. 這就是重要的著陸技巧，成為一名優(yōu)秀的滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員。" 表示做得好，所以應(yīng)該是鼓勵(lì)的話語。故選B項(xiàng)。
2021.6全國(guó)乙卷B篇
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes, accrding t a survey（調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
2What des the underlined wrd "cncede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干信息cncede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme… Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary…。分析可知，雖然55%的人的家中都還有座機(jī)，但他們中的三分之一的人認(rèn)為座機(jī)其實(shí)并不十分必要。由此我們可以推測(cè)，這些人在說it's nt necessary的時(shí)候是在承認(rèn)這件事。故選A。
2021年6月浙江卷B篇
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
3.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "charts" in paragraph 2?
A.recrds B.predicts C.delays D.cnfirms
【答案】3.A
【文章大意】本文作者以自己的孩子為例存在著長(zhǎng)時(shí)間盯著電子屏幕的問題，從而引出了電影導(dǎo)演 David Bnd怎樣激勵(lì)自己的孩子們養(yǎng)成戶外活動(dòng)、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣的做法。
3.猜詞題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話句意”結(jié)果是 Prject Wild Thing，一部描繪了 Wild Netwrk 誕生的電影，Wild Netwrk 是一組以讓孩子們?nèi)谌氪笞匀粸楣餐繕?biāo)的組織?！翱芍揪渲饕U述作者拍攝的紀(jì)錄片Prject Wild Thing記錄下了組織Wild Netwrk的誕生，因此recrd（記錄、記載）與所猜詞匯最為接近，故選A。
2021年3月天津卷B篇
The pignancy（酸楚）f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
Humans d nt shed skin（蛻皮）as easily as ther animals. The beginning f change is upsetting. The prcess is tiring. Damage changes us befre we are ready. I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends, it starts with hpe. With ur tender, hpeful skin, that is where we begin.
4.The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understd as .
A.letting g f the past B.lking fr a new jb
C.getting rid f a bad habit D.giving up an pprtunity
【答案】4.A
【解析】文章大意：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者的丈夫剛剛丟了工作，這種不確定性開始影響到家人，直到作者看到家里的寵物蜥蜴換皮和觀看了Michael Jrdan的紀(jì)錄片《最后的舞蹈》后，領(lǐng)悟到我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過去拋在腦后，像蜥蜴一樣，用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點(diǎn)。
4.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文 "Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them…Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.（他們都沒有選擇那個(gè)改變了他們的時(shí)刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因?yàn)橐磺卸甲兞?。就像我們一樣。我意識(shí)到我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過去拋在腦后）" 可知，作者看著喬丹脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時(shí)，意識(shí)到看到他放開了過去，把過去拋在腦后了。即畫線詞意思是 "放D開過去"。故選：A。
2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling: "Climb n me." The yungster immediately jumps n t its mther's back and they travel ff tgether. "The big message frm this study is that there is anther species（物種）ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that's nt unique t humans, " said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins, " she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains."
3.What des the underlined wrd "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A.Difference. B.Cnflict.
C.Balance. D.Cnnectin.
【答案】3.A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了黑猩猩的語言：使用手勢(shì)來傳遞信息，以及相關(guān)研究和結(jié)論。
3.詞義猜測(cè)題。 首先找到詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容 "S, it seems the gulf remains", 根據(jù)這句話中的s可以判斷前后句是因果關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前句的句意可以推斷出選項(xiàng)中最接近gulf詞義的單詞為A選項(xiàng)Difference。故答案為A。
2021 全國(guó)乙卷 B篇
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座機(jī)）?
These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes, accrding t a survey（調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
2.What des the underlined wrd "cncede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
【答案】2A
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。當(dāng)今世界上幾乎所有人都有手機(jī)，但一半以上澳大利亞家庭仍然擁有座機(jī)，本文說明了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。
2詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干信息cncede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme… Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary…。分析可知，雖然55%的人的家中都還有座機(jī)，但他們中的三分之一的人認(rèn)為座機(jī)其實(shí)并不十分必要。由此我們可以推測(cè)，這些人在說it's nt necessary的時(shí)候是在承認(rèn)這件事。故選A。
2021新高考1卷C篇
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans have taken care f these precius natural resurses wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl（水禽）were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat（棲息地）.
2.What des the underlined wrd "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Exprt. C.Destry. D.Distribute.
【答案】2.C
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. 根據(jù)Unfrtunately（不幸地是）可知，此處與前文 "taken care f" 形成對(duì)比，故此處應(yīng)表示 "損害、毀壞" 。原文譯為：不幸地是，這些探險(xiǎn)者和定居者只花了幾十年的時(shí)間就毀掉了這些資源的很大一部分。故選C。
2020全國(guó)卷I卷 B 篇
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity — but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的 ), an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble ( 隨 筆 ) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtázar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtázar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
26. ( )What des the underlined wrd “currency” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allwance. D. Face value.
【答案】26.B
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句的內(nèi)容 "But I imagine that, while mney is… is the highest currency a reader can pay them." 可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然金錢確實(shí)是美好的，也是必要的，但是重讀作家的作品是讀者能夠支付給他們的最高currency。A. debt 借款；B. reward 報(bào)酬；C. allwance 津貼；D. face value（郵票、錢幣、票等的）票面價(jià)值。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，B選項(xiàng)的reward符合語境，指 "支付給他們的最高報(bào)酬" 。故選：B。
2020北京卷D篇
Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus. Fr example, algrithms（算法）carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther. These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are. But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems have been designed. That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t change.
1.What des the underlined wrd "ubiquitus" in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A.Enrmus in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.B4.A
【解析】（文章大意）這是一篇說明文。人工智能雖然正在變得無處不在，但是仍然存在著一些局限性。本文主要圍繞著AGI，即通用人工智能進(jìn)行了介紹。
1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面舉的例子"algrithms（算法）carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, … and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther."可知，算法在金融市場(chǎng)上執(zhí)行大量交易，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車出現(xiàn)在城市街道上，智能手機(jī)正在從一種語言翻譯成另一種語言，這都是人工智能無處不在的表現(xiàn)，"ubiquitus" 意為 "無處不在的" 。故答案選：D。
2020全國(guó)2. C篇
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. "The ecsystem dwn there can't handle this nn-native species（物種）. It's destrying the envirnment. It's them r us, " says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it's nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn's jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
3.What des the underlined wrd "cllapsed" in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A.Bmed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
【答案】3.D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要講述了海貍鼠這種動(dòng)物對(duì)環(huán)境造成了破壞，因此環(huán)保主義者和時(shí)尚愛好者正在試圖把海貍鼠的皮毛投入市場(chǎng)中。
3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段"but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海貍鼠市場(chǎng)倒閉或者崩潰之后，海貍鼠才開始瘋狂擴(kuò)大數(shù)量，cllapse為崩潰的意思。故選D。
2020全國(guó)3. B篇
Yet "Apes" is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2, 000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants", "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper", have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated prperly.
3.What des the underlined phrase "keeping tabs n" in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Listing cmpletely. B.Directing prfessinally.
C.Prmting successfully. D.Watching carefully.
【答案3.D
【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了電影 "猩球崛起" 上個(gè)月首次與公眾見面。動(dòng)物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時(shí)，沒有使用真的類人猿。現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)物拍攝使用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造技術(shù)，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動(dòng)物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個(gè)非盈利的組織密切關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測(cè)到的。
3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子"One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment"（一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，監(jiān)控動(dòng)物在電影娛樂中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, … them haven't been treated prperly.（許多電影，包括 "大象的眼淚" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理員" , 引起了動(dòng)物保護(hù)人士的憤怒，他們說影片中的動(dòng)物沒有遭到很好的對(duì)待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動(dòng)物待遇的非營(yíng)利組織，今年正密切關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是 "密切關(guān)注" 。故選D項(xiàng)。
2020.7浙江卷（B篇）
The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33 am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37 am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.
1.What des the underlined wrd "that" in paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Increased length f green lights. B.Shrtened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing f traffic signals. D.Smth traffic flw n the rad.
【答案】1.C
【解析】文章大意：本文主要講了華盛頓Bellevue信號(hào)燈時(shí)間調(diào)整的原因以及研究過程。
1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句"Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes"可知that指代的是信號(hào)燈時(shí)間的靈活變化，故選C。
2020.5天津卷（C篇）
Making the skies electric isn't just gd fr the envirnment, it als makes sund financial sense: a small aircraft uses ＄400 n cnventinal fuel fr a 100-mile flight, while an electric ne csts ＄8—12 fr the same distance, and that's befre yu factr in the higher maintenance csts f a traditinal engine. There's als the added bnus that electric planes are just much mre pleasant t fly in. N lud engine nise, n smell f fuel, just envirnmentally friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real prgress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyne's feet firmly n the grund. A battery, even a lithium ne, nly prvides 250 watt-hurs per kilgram; cmpare this t liquid fuel, which has a specific energy f 11, 890 watt-hurs per kilgram. Carrying adequate batteries, hwever, wuld make the plane t heavy t get ff the grund. In aircraft, where every bit f weight cunts, this can't just be ignred.
3.The expressin "added bnus" refers t the fact that electric planes .
A.give passengers mre pleasant views B.bring airlines mre financial benefits
C.ffer mre enjyable flying experiences D.cst less in maintenance than traditinal nes
【答案】3.C
【解析】1.本文是一篇說明文。主要談及了綠色航空的現(xiàn)狀并展望了未來。
3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句"electric planes are just much mre pleasant t fly in."和第三句"N lud engine nise, n smell f fuel, just envirnmentally friendly peace and quiet."可知電動(dòng)飛機(jī)駕駛起來會(huì)更加愉快。沒有響亮的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪音，沒有燃油味，只有環(huán)境友好的和平與寧?kù)o，即令人愉快的飛行經(jīng)歷。故答案為：C。
2020.5天津卷（D篇）
Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant" is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥） int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag. Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）. Studying histry can give us insight（洞察力） int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance（無知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. What's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means .
A.the turning pint in ur histry B.the present state f ur natin
C.the lcatin f ur hmeland D.the ttal area f ur cuntry
【答案】 1.B
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了歷史是人類文明的重要組成部分，從5個(gè)方面說明了學(xué)習(xí)歷史的重要性。
1.詞義猜測(cè)題。本句句意：了解我們祖國(guó)的歷史可以讓我們更深入、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去，以及我們是如何走到今天這一步的。可知此處是指我們國(guó)家的現(xiàn)狀之意。故答案為：B。
2020全國(guó)卷II C 篇
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin (時(shí)裝) enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria (海貍鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur — unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species (物種). It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. ( )What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.
【答案】30.D
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段"but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海貍鼠市場(chǎng)倒閉或者崩潰之后，海貍鼠才開始瘋狂擴(kuò)大數(shù)量，cllapse為崩潰的意思。故選D。
2020全國(guó)卷III B 篇
When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin-capture (動(dòng)作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (圖像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants,” “The Hangver Part II” and “Zkeeper,” have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
26. ( )What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Listing cmpletely.B. Directing prfessinally.
C. Prmting successfully.D. Watching carefully.
【答案】26.D
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子"One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment"（一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，監(jiān)控動(dòng)物在電影娛樂中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, … them haven't been treated prperly.（許多電影，包括 "大象的眼淚" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理員" , 引起了動(dòng)物保護(hù)人士的憤怒，他們說影片中的動(dòng)物沒有遭到很好的對(duì)待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動(dòng)物待遇的非營(yíng)利組織，今年正密切關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是 "密切關(guān)注" 。故選D項(xiàng)。
2020江蘇卷 C 篇
Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have lng knwn that meal timing affects perfrmance. Hwever, far less has been knwn abut hw meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
T find ut, British scientists cnducted a study. They first fund 10 verweight and inactive but therwise healthy yung men, whse lifestyles are, fr better and wrse, representative f thse f mst f us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metablic (新陳代謝的) rates and tk samples (樣品) f their bld and fat tissue.
Then, n tw separate mrning visits t the scientists’ lab, each man walked fr an hur at an average speed that, in thery, shuld allw his bdy t rely mainly n fat fr fuel. Befre ne f these wrkuts, the man skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised n a cmpletely empty stmach after a lng vernight fast (禁食). On the ther ccasin, they ate a rich mrning meal abut tw hurs befre they started walking.
61. ( ) The underlined expressin “stmach it” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably means “ ”.
A. digest the meal easilyB. manage withut breakfast
C. decide wisely what t eatD. eat whatever is ffered
【答案】61.B
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯?jiān)馘憻捀】担芍?，這里說的是那些不吃早飯先鍛煉的人，因此推測(cè)畫線詞部分與B項(xiàng)“不吃早飯能應(yīng)付”意思相近。故選B。
2020年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷(山東卷） C 篇
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral (葬禮) fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
9. ( )What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease. B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【答案】9.D
代詞指代題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.（幾年后，仍然被這個(gè)國(guó)家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章）可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事。故選D。
2020年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷(山東卷）D篇
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
2.What des the underlined wrd "beanples" in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persns.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persns.
【答案】2.D
【解析】
2.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前半句And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認(rèn)為，你應(yīng)該避免和體重較重、點(diǎn)大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認(rèn)為，你真正應(yīng)該避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推斷出，畫線詞和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，D選項(xiàng)（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple相反。故選D。
2020海南（B篇）
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away-since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
2.What d the underlined wrds "the ffender" in paragraph 8 refer t?
A.The student's parent. B.The maker f the Grandma's Bx.
C.The authr's grandchild. wner f the frbidden fruit.
【答案】2D
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講敘了作者為收集學(xué)生們帶到學(xué)校的玩具，想出了一個(gè) "奶奶的盒子" 的辦法。到后來，作者的第一個(gè)孫子出生，學(xué)生們也不再來要求歸還他們的財(cái)物了，作者也在某一年圣誕節(jié)收到了兒子制作的大木箱，將 "奶奶的盒子" 變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文 "I wuld return the belnging." 結(jié)合上文提到作者把學(xué)生帶到學(xué)校的玩具稱為 "禁果" ，且作者的 "盒子" 里裝的就是 "禁果" ，所以作者等到這些禁果的擁有者在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)，然后就會(huì)歸還他們的物品。由此可知，劃線詞意思為 "禁果的擁有者" 。故選：D。
四、模擬演練
（1）
An advertisement is just like a Smebdy Else says qutatin(引語) in a news stry. The newspaper des nt say that what the advertiser says is true. All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.” T find ut whether it is true r nt will be left t the reader. All the statements in the ads are the advertiser’s statements, nt the paper’s.
Q: What des “Smebdy Else” in the paragraph refer t?
A. The editr f the paper. B. The reader f the paper.
C. The authr f the passage. D. The advertiser f the ads.
（2）
Emma had never read it, nr had she ever purchased a cpy. But, when she pened it up, she was flred t see her wn name and address inside the cver, in her wn handwriting. It turned ut that the summer befre, at a cncert back in Mntreal, Emma had met a Califrnian wh was in twn visiting friends. They decided t exchange addresses, but neither f them had any paper. The man had pened up a bk he was carrying in his backpack and asked Emma t write her name and address inside. When he returned t Califrnia, he left the bk behind in Mntreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later relcated t Jerusalem, he tk the nw-treasured bk alng.
Q: What des the underlined wrd “flred” in the paragraph mean?
A. interested B. shcked C. frightened D. excited
（3）
Oxygen is vital t life; it is needed by the bdy cells f all animals. It is als very useful in industry. The methd Priestley used prduces nly small quantities. The large amunts needed fr industry are prduced in a different way. Air is put int cntainers under great pressure. This turns it int liquid and makes it very cld. It is then gradually warmed up and each substance evaprates at a different temperature. The biling pint f xygen is -183°C. It is caught and stred in strng steel cylinders at a pressure f 136 atmspheres. The prcess is knwn as fractinal distillatin.
Q: Which wrd has the rugh meaning f “vital”?
A. imprtant B. useful C. helpful D. interesting
（4）
These different kinds f learning disabilities are knwn by different names. Fr example, a persn wh has difficulty reading may have dyslexia. Smene wh cannt d mathematics may have a disrder called dyscalculia(計(jì)算困難).
Q: The underlined wrd “dyslexia” in the paragraph prbably means _______.
A. difficulty in seeing B. prblem in reading
C. truble in listening D. brain disrder
（5）
A child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun, accrding t Beth Anacleri, an Evastn mther f tw, ages 4 and 18 mnths.
Q: What des the underlined wrd “hassle” prbably mean in the paragraph?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thught
C. a situatin causing difficulty r truble
D. a demand made by guests
（6）
And if yu’ve gathered yur friends arund yu t rebuild a happy family atmsphere(氣氛), yu may fear that saying n will bring back the kind f cnflict yu grew up with— r destry the nice atmsphere yu nw enjy.
Q: The underlined wrd “cnflict” in the paragraph means .
A. dependent lifeB. fierce fightC. bad mannersD. painful feeling
（7）
“She is ashamed and embarrassed but desn’t really have any explanatin why she did this,” Miss Duff said. “She didn’t intend t steal when she went int the stre. She is at a lss t explain it. She is therwise a very respectable and intelligent yung lady .She went t her dctr and asked fr advice because she wants t knw if there is anything in particular that caused her t d this.”
Q: What des the underlined sentence “She is at a lss t explain it” mean?
A. In her pinin it was a lss t the clthes shps where she stle things.
B. She desn’t have any idea why she has the desire t steal frm shps.
C. She thinks it is a lss fr her t explain why she stle things frm shps.
D. Persnally she feels ashamed and embarrassed fr her shplifting actins.
（8）
One f the best-knwn sayings must be “Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdm”. The prmises f health, wealth, and wisdm t thse wh jin the teams f early retirees and rises must be particularly pleasing t many peple in ur mdern sciety.
Q: The underlined wrd “ retiree” here refers t_________.
A. peple wh give up their wrk B. peple wh have a lt f free time
C. peple wh g t bed D. peple wh live in a quiet place
（9）
The reasns fr a visit t lighthuse are nt all s backward-lking(思想過時(shí)的) in time. It is true that lighthuses were built in ut-f-the-way places. But n a pleasant sunny summer day, this very islatin has a natural beauty that many peple will lve t experience.
Q: The underlined phrase “ut-f-the-way” prbably means __________.
A. far-away B. dangerus C. ancient D. secret
（10）
Our wn native language and culture are s much a part f us that we take them fr granted. When we travel t anther cuntry, it’s as if we carry alng with ur passprts. We view the new envirnment using ur wn culture as the standard, and althugh nt purpsely, ur ways f thinking and acting ften get in the way f ur understanding ther languages and cultures. The ability and willingness t change lenses(視角) when we lk at a different culture is bth the cure and preventin fr such cultural blindness. Studying a new language prvides us the pprtunities t practise changing lenses when we als learn the cntext r the culture t which it belngs.
Q: The underlined wrd “it” in the last sentence refers t __________.
the cntext B. the culture C. the language D. the pprtunity
答案與解析：
（1）D。根據(jù)下文中All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.”可推知，文章中的Smebdy Else指的是做廣告的人。
（2）B。從上文可知，在一個(gè)從未到過的地方，在一本從未讀過的書的封面，看到自己親筆寫的姓名和地址，當(dāng)然感到“震驚”。此處“But”是關(guān)鍵提示。
（3）A。根據(jù)下句“氧是所有動(dòng)物細(xì)胞所必不可少的元素”的內(nèi)容，判斷出氧非常“重要”。
（4）B。由下句“Smene wh cannt d mathematics may have a disrder called dyscalculia(計(jì)算困難).”不能做數(shù)學(xué)題的人可能患有一種被稱為計(jì)算困難的疾病可以推斷dyslexia的意思為“閱讀困難”。
（5）C。通過上下句A child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun.可以看出，hassle和a basket f fun肯定是近乎相反的意義。所以不難判斷，答案為C。
（6）B。由破折號(hào)后的r可知，前后兩句的意思相近，她不想失去或破壞這個(gè)友好氛圍，否則就又讓她回到以前的“沖突”中。答案為B。
（7）B。從上文中她進(jìn)入商店時(shí)并沒打算偷竊，以及下文談到她去看醫(yī)生可以推知她不知道自己為什么會(huì)有偷竊的欲望可知答案為B。
（8）C。根據(jù)諺語“Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdm”以及retirees和risers的對(duì)比關(guān)系不難猜出retiree是“睡覺的人”。
（9）A。由合成詞ut-f-the-way的字面意思和下句中的islatin一詞可知，燈塔通?！肮铝懔恪钡卮粼谝粋€(gè)地方，因此答案為A。
（10）C。本段主要講述語言和文化的關(guān)系。結(jié)合最后一句話可知，學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言給我們提供一個(gè)嶄新的視覺，從而使得我們更好地把握語言依附的文化環(huán)境。由此知道這里的it指代語言。

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