【命題趨勢】
1. 語法填空以時態(tài)的考查為主,語態(tài)的考查為輔。
2. 在語法填空中側(cè)重考查一般時,進行時及完成時。
3. 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的語法項目??碱}創(chuàng)設(shè)的語境比較明確,通常是根據(jù)所設(shè)置的語境中的信息判斷時態(tài)以及主謂語之間的主謂或動賓關(guān)系。
【名師指導】
1. 了解并能正確運用??嫉?1種時態(tài);
2. 熟練運用現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、一般過去時等高考高頻時態(tài);
3. 掌握幾種易混時態(tài)的區(qū)別,如現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時等。
動詞時態(tài)的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)(以動詞d為例)
【重要考向】
一、一般時態(tài);
二、進行時態(tài);
三、完成時態(tài);
四、高考涉及的其他時態(tài);
五、被動語態(tài)
一般時態(tài)
【典例】
【2022年1月浙江卷語法填空】
But Cbb and thers (be) nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and changing their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis .
【一般時態(tài)提分秘籍】
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習慣性的、反復出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。 常與表示習慣的副詞(詞組)always,every time,nw and then,ccasinally,ften,seldm,smetimes,usually, every day/night等連用。
(2)按時間表、時刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動作,用一般現(xiàn)在時。只限于g,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,cme等動詞。
(3)用在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
Arund tw ’clck every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It smewhat bthers us.
每天晚上兩點左右,蘇就 說夢話。這使我們有點煩心。
If it desn’t rain,we’ll g n a picnic as planned.
如果不下雨,我們將按計劃去野餐。
Whatever yu say,I will nt change my mind.
無論你說什么,我都不會改變主意。
The flight takes ff at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飛機每周三、周五2:30起飛。
2.一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間點發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài),與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系或表示過去一段時間內(nèi)反復發(fā)生的動作, 常 與 every day,ften,smetimes等時間狀語連用。
—Haven’t seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?
——好長時間沒見你了!你去哪里了?
—I went t Ningxia and stayed there fr ne year,teaching as a vlunteer.
——我去了寧夏,在那里待了一年,作為一名志愿者教學。
3.一般將來時
(1)“shall/will+動詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動 作或存在的狀態(tài)。“will+動詞原形”還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定。
(2)“be ging t+動詞原形”表示①現(xiàn)在打算或計劃將 來 要做的事情;②表示根據(jù)某種跡象認為在最近或?qū)硪l(fā)生的事情。
(3)“be t+動詞原形”表示①預先安排好的計劃或約定;②表示說話人的意志、意圖、指責、義務、命令等;③表示 注定要發(fā)生的事情。
(4)“be abut t+動詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事, 該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。
—What time is it?
——幾點了?
—I have n idea.But just a minute,I will check it fr yu.
——我不知道。但是等一會兒,我給你查一下。
—Mr.Li was ill in hspital.
——李老師生病住院了。
—Oh,I didn’t knw.I’ll g t see him tnight.
——哦,我還不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
I am t meet Mr.Brwn at eleven ’clck this mrning.
我要在今天上午11點見布朗先生。
I was abut t g ut when it began t rain.
我正要外出,這時開始下雨了。
進行時態(tài)
【典例】
【2018浙江卷11月語法填空】
Yu prbably ______ (use) caffeine since childhd.
【進行時態(tài)提分秘籍】
1.現(xiàn)在進行時
(1)表示說話時正在進行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作,雖然此時此刻該動作不一定正在進行。
(2)表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動作,常限于g,cme,leave,start,arrive,return,wrk,sleep,stay,have, wear等表示移動、方向的動詞。
(3)表示說話人現(xiàn)在對主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等(常與always,cnstantly,cntinually等副詞連用)。
2.過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作,常同表示過去的時間狀語從句以及at that time,at that mment,at this time yesterday,at ten ’clck yesterday等連用。
She was phning smene,s I ndded t her and went away.
她正在跟別人打電話,因此我朝她點了點頭就走開了。
3.將來進行時
表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作,或表示要從將來某一時刻開始,并繼續(xù)下去的動作。
Daniel’s family will be enjying their
hliday in Huangshan this time next week.
丹尼爾一家人下星期這個時候?qū)⒃邳S山度假。
完成時態(tài)
【典例】
【2022浙江卷1月語法填空】
Fr example,rughly 200 academics- many f them climate scientists 61 (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
【完成時態(tài)提分秘籍】
1.現(xiàn)在完成時
(1)表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作,常用的時間 狀語:already,just,yet,never,befre,lately,recently,in the last(past) few years,up t nw,s far等。
(2)表示從過去某時開始而延續(xù)至今的動作或狀態(tài),常與fr,since等表示一段時間的狀語連用。
(3)在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中,表示將來某時間前已完成的動作。
(4)This/It is the +that從句,that從句 中 謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時。
(5)It(This)is the best(wrst,mst interesting等)+名詞+定語從句,從句中的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時。
—Have yu heard abut the recent electin?
——你聽說過近期的選舉嗎?
—Sure,it has been the nly thing n the news fr the last three days.
——當然了,它是近來三天新聞中唯一的事情了。
It is the mst instructive lecture that I have attended since I
came t this schl.這是我自從到這個學校以來所參加過的最有教育意義的講座。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema
tgether as a family.
這是第一次我們一家人去電影院看電影。
I will nt believe yu unless I have seen it with my wn eyes.
除非我親眼看到,否則我不會相信你的。
2.過去完成時
(1)表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài),即過去的過去。
(2)表示從過去某一時間開始,一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作,常用的時間 狀 語:by then,by that time,by the end f,by the time+句子等。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的動詞(如hpe,want,expect,
think,mean,suppse,plan,intend)用于過去完成時表示
過去本打算實現(xiàn)而未實現(xiàn)的希望或計劃。
(4)在“hardly(scarcely).”,“n ” 句型中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時,意為“一……就……”。
Sfia lked arund at all the faces: she had the impressin that she had seen mst f the guests befre.
索菲婭環(huán)視了所有的面龐,她有印象——絕大多數(shù)的客人以前她都見過。
He was unhappy when he sld his guitar.After all,he had had it fr a very lng time.
他把自己的吉他賣掉時并不高興。畢竟,他擁有這把吉他已經(jīng)很長時間了。
I had intended t call n yu,but I had an unexpected visitr.
我本來打算去看你,但是來了一位不速之客。
By the time Jack returned hme frm England,his sn had graduated frm cllege.
杰克從英國回到家時,他的兒子已經(jīng)大學畢業(yè)了。
Hardly/N sner had I gt hme when/than the rain pured dwn.
我剛到家,大雨就傾盆而下了。
3.將來完成時
表示在將來某個時間之前完成的動作,并且往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響。常用時間狀語為“by+將來某個時間”。
By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket,we will have stayed there fr ne hur.
等到史密斯先生到達超市時,我們將已經(jīng)在那里待了一個小時了。
高考涉及的其他時態(tài)
【典例】
【湖南師范大學附中2021屆高三模擬】
In fact, he ______ (surprise) peple since the beginning f his career.
【其他時態(tài)提分秘籍】
1.過去將來時
表示從過去某時間看將要發(fā)生的事情,多用于賓語從句中。
He hped that he wuld be given a mre suitable jb in 2016. [K]
他希望在2016年能得到更合適的工作。
2.現(xiàn)在完成進行時(have/has been ding)
表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)下去,常和fr,since引導的時間狀語連用。
Since the time humankind started gardening,we have been trying t make ur envirnment mre beautiful.
自從人類開始園藝技術(shù)的時候起,我們就一直在努力讓我們 的環(huán)境變得更加美麗。
The manager has been telling the wrkers hw t imprve the prgram since 9 am.
自從上午9點經(jīng)理就一直在告訴工人如何改善這一方案。
3.過去完成進行時(had been ding)
表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去某一時刻,這一動作可能已經(jīng)停止也可能還在進行。
She tld me that she had been studying French fr 5 years. xk/w
她告訴我她已經(jīng)學習法語5年了。(動作仍繼續(xù))
She tld me that she had been waiting fr me fr an hur.
她告訴我她已經(jīng)等我一個鐘頭了。(動作不再繼續(xù))
考向五
被動語態(tài)
【典例】
【2022.1浙江卷語法填空】
Travelling t cnferences ,lectures ,wrkshps,and the like-frequently by plane 57 (view)as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin .
【被動語態(tài)提分秘籍】
1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be+過去分詞”,只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),除be外被動語態(tài)的構(gòu) 成 形式還有:get/becme+過去分詞。
2.只要及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語才有被動語態(tài),不及物動詞或短語無被動語態(tài)。??嫉牟患拔飫釉~或短語:
last,cst,spread,happen(t),take place,belng t, break ut,g ut,run ut,wrk ut。
3.主動形式表示被動含義
(1) 表示感受、感官的系動詞如feel,sund,taste,lk等,后面跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),常常以主動形式表示被動意義。
(2) 當sell,read,draw,wash,write,pen,wear,run, burn等不及物動詞后帶狀語(well/easily等)修飾,用來表示主 語內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時用主動形式表示被動含義。
While waiting fr the pprtunity t get prmted,Henry did his best t perfrm his duty.
在等待機會被提拔期間,亨利盡力履行好自己的職責。
—S what is the prcedure?
——那么程序是什么樣?
—All the applicants are interviewed befre a final decisin is made by the authrity.
——所有的應征者都被面試后官方才作出最后的決定。
Fd supplies in the fld-stricken area are running ut.
We must act immediately befre there’s nne left.
洪水災區(qū)的食品即將用完。
我們必須在他們用完之前采取措施。
Yur reasn sunds reasnable.你的理由聽起來很合理。
His bks sell well,s they will be sld sn.
他的書很暢銷,因此很快就會賣光。
考點1 幾組時態(tài)的區(qū)別(表解)
考點2 固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的時態(tài)(表解)
考點3 八種時態(tài)的標志詞(表解)
考點6 主動語態(tài)表示被動意義(表解)
(2021.6新高考卷語法填空)
One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
(2021·全國甲卷·語法填空·T1)
The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It ___1___ (build) riginally t prtect the city f the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修復).
(2021·全國甲卷·語法填空·T6)
We ___6___ (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate.
(2021·新高考I卷·語法填空·T6)
Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it ____6____ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
(2021·浙江卷·語法填空·T1)
It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, ___1___ (prve)irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.
(2021·浙江卷·語法填空·T5)
Mary's niece wrte, "The little hme ___5___ (paint)white…"
(2021·浙江卷·語法填空·T10)
After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and ____10____ (sell)mst f their furniture.
(2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空)
What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can't help wndering hw hard it 6 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空)
After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and 10 (sell) mst f their furniture.
(2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空)
It 1 (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred(修復).
(2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空)
We 6 (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate.
(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空)
It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Phmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, 1 (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the publie.
(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空)
Mary's niece wrte, pretty, "The little hme 5 (paint) white.
(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)
It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 4 (cnsider) healthy.
(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)
In cities, hwever, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men.
(2020·新課標 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷語法填空)
The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探測器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess 61. (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
(2020·新課標 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷語法填空)
"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, "because it 67. (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 68. (cnstruct) ."
(2020·新課標 = 3 \* ROMAN III卷語法填空)
The artist was sure he wuld63.(chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld nan laughed.
(2020·新課標 = 3 \* ROMAN III卷語法填空)
65(When/As) he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (pint) dwn the river.
(2020·浙江卷語法填空)
And,as mre children were brn,mre fd 59.(need).
(2020·浙江卷語法填空)By abut 6000 BC,peple 61. (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise.
(2020·浙江卷語法填空)
New methds 65. (mean)that fewer peple wrked in farming.
(2020·山東卷語法填空)
The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, 38. (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum 39(which/that) pened in 1759.
(2020·山東卷語法填空)
The parts f a museum pen t the public 40. (call) galleries r rms.
【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】
Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,prud Irene ___64___(declare) she had n plans __t retire__ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】
I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) ver the years
【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】
Our hsts shared many f their experiences and___65___(recmmend)wnderful places t eat,shp,and visit. Fr breakfast,we were able t eat papaya(木瓜)and ther fruits frm their trees in the backyard.
【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】
On the last day f ur week-lng stay,we ___69___(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars
【2018·新課標卷I·語法填空】
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming.
【2018·新課標卷II·語法填空】
Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___(grw)mre crn than rice.
【2018·新課標卷II·語法填空】
The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___68___ (start) a sil-testing prgram that/which gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
【2018·新課標卷II·語法填空】
True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me n real harm.
(2022·四川師范大學附屬中學二模)
Gabriela wrked fr a multinatinal cmpany as a successful prject manager in Brazil and ___61___(chse) t manage a team in Sweden.
(2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級中學一模)
In recent years, as the “new” technlgy f using cmputers and smartphnes____2____(take)ver sciety, students n lnger need t learn hw t write “ mechanically" and they let their keybards d the wrk.
(2022·云南·一模)
The China-Las Railway, ___11___ cnnects Kunming in suthwest China’s Yunnan Prvince with the Latian capital, Vientiane, ___12___ (start) peratin n Dec 3. 2021.
(2022·陜西省榆林中學二模)Y
“Yung peple ____29____ (wear) ut,” said Lim Wn-taek, a prfessr f scilgy at Keimyung University in the Republic f Krea.
(2022·河南·模擬預測)
The first time peple used artificial snw t hst a cmpetitin ___43___ (be) back in 1980.
(2022·江西贛州·一模)
Happiness des nt appear t be assciated with age, gender, race, r gegraphical lcatin. Instead, it ____71____ (relate) t the feeling yu have when yu are self-satisfied.
(2021·諸暨市5月模擬·語法填空·T4)
The ppularity f plastic, which ___4___ (begin) rising in the 1950s, is grwing ut f cntrl—18.2 trillin punds f plastic has been prduced. And there is n sign f slwing dwn.
(2021·諸暨市5月模擬·語法填空·T9)
S fcused ___9___ (be) the sciety n making peple’s life mre cnvenient in the shrt term, but in the lng run, thse everyday cnveniences are at the expense f ur health.
(2021·成都三診·語法填空·T5)
My friend Tny, wh___5___ (study) acupuncture at a cllege near Lndn at the time, suggested that I visit an acupuncturist.
(2021·臺州市4月調(diào)考·語法填空·T2)
In reality, hwever,60% f clthing nwadays _____2_____(abandn)within a year f purchase,…
(2021·臺州市4月調(diào)考·語法填空·T8)
But I've cme t think that whether yu buy smething new r used ____8____ (matter) less if yu cmmit t keeping clthes in use fr decades.
【遼寧省葫蘆島市2021屆高三模擬】
Tests______ (carry) ut at several airprts since last year, including Jhn F. Kennedy Internatinal Airprt in New Yrk. The cmpany hpes t put it in airprts arund the wrld.
【江蘇省如皋市2021屆高三調(diào)研】
Every year, an average f 1,218 nse and 2,479 ear remvals ______ (ccur) between 2010 and 2019.
【江蘇省南通市通州區(qū)2021屆高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測】
Swimming, fr example. is an excellent physical activity as nearly all muscles ______ (use)when yu swim.
【江蘇省海安高級中學2021屆高三五調(diào)】
Laughter Yga______ (create) in the mid-1990s as a scial experiment.
【江蘇省海安高級中學2021屆高三五調(diào)】
Medical research ______ (suggest) that language is a gd way t reduce stress and help peple feel gd. Kataria Laughter Clubs are ppping up in respnse t peple’s need t handle pressure.
【江蘇省常州高級中學2021屆高三調(diào)研】
Lianing prvince,______ (create) a painting f the Mnkey King using a bamb brush last mnth.
【湖北省宜昌市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】
I want t thank the Beijing 2022 rganizing cmmittee fr the utstanding wrk they______(d)s far.
【湖北省孝感高中2021屆高三模擬】
But the cuntry's ecnmic develpment ver the years ______ (permit) the sprt t spread beynd the wealthy.
【湖北省孝感高中2021屆高三模擬】
Pigen racing has a lng histry in China. “Membership in the Chinese Pigen Assciatin has jumped frm tens f thusands in the 1980s t abut 400.000 tday.'”______ (say) the grup’s vice president, Huang Jian.
【湖北省孝感高級中學2021屆高三調(diào)研】
Then the researchers ______ ( analyze) the 10 years f data t understand hw peple handled stress ver time.
【湖北省武漢外國語學校2021屆高三調(diào)研】
Chlera was a deadly disease f its day. Neither its cause nr its cure ______ (understand).
【湖北省武漢外國語學校2021屆高三調(diào)研】
The first suggested that chlera ______ (multiply) in the air. The secnd suggested that peple absrbed this disease int their bdies with their meals.
【湖北省武漢市武昌區(qū)2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】
She wuld als like t see hw she lks, ck a big meal fr her parents and take a walk in the places she ______ (be) t hundreds f times.
【河北省2021屆高三模擬】
And then there's the questin f just what ______ (drive) thse mnster strms.
【河北省2021屆高三模擬】
Nine spacecrafts ______ (send) t study Jupiter by nw. The mst recent was Jun, which arrived at the planet in July 2016.
【廣東省深圳外國語學校2021屆高三四調(diào)】
Tday, he is s gd at wdcarving that his hme city allws him t wrk his magic n ld tree stumps and s far abut 40 wrks f art ______ (create) in the lcal parks.
【廣東省深圳外國語學校2021屆高三三調(diào)】
In the 7th century, kite ______ (intrduce) t neighbring cuntries including Krea and Japan.
【廣東省華南師大附中2021屆高三調(diào)研】
I attended a birthday party in 1991. My teacher was then 59 years ld. But her fellw teacher said that we ______ (celebrate) her 39th birthday!
【廣東省2021屆高三四校聯(lián)考】
The amunt f space junk 38.______ (increase). Over the last few decades, satellites and rckets39.______ (launch) int space, littering the csms as they g.
現(xiàn)在時
過去時
將來時
過去將來時
一般時
d / des
did
shall/will d
shuld/wuld d
進行時
am/is/are ding
was/were ding
shall/will be ding
shuld/wuld be ding
完成時
have/has did
had did
shall/will have did
shuld/wuld have did
完成進行時
have/has been ding
had been ding
shall/will have been ding
shuld/wuld have been ding
一般過去時
一般過去時只涉及一個純過去的動作,凡有明確的過去時間的均用過去時,一般過去時強調(diào)的是動作發(fā)生在“過去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系
Were yu at schl yesterday?昨天你在學校嗎?(問的是昨天的事情。但對今天沒什么影響。)
現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)
I have just finished my hmewrk.我剛剛寫完作業(yè)。(看上去好像是過去才發(fā)生的事情,但是對我現(xiàn)在有了影響。因為寫完了作業(yè),就可以做自己想做的事情。)
過去完成時
過去完成時指的是相對于過去的某一特定時間更早發(fā)生的動作,發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,即過去完成時至少涉及兩個過去的動作
When he came in,I had had my supper.他進來時,我就已經(jīng)吃完晚餐了。(吃在進來之前,所以用過去完成時。)
,n “一……就……”
主句時態(tài)用過去完成時,從句時態(tài)用一般過去時
Hardly had I pened the dr when Tm came in.
This/That/It is/was the +that從句“是……次做某事”
若主句中為is,則從句時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時;若為was,則從句時態(tài)用過去完成時
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema tgether as a family.
It+
“要過……才”或“在……以后才”
若be動詞用一般過去時,則befre 從句中常用一般過去時;若be動詞用將來時,則befre 從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時
I’m srry yu’ve been waiting s lng,but it’ll still be sme time befre Brian gets back.
was/were “正在做某事,這時(突然)”
在when引導的從句中,謂語動詞用過去式
I was abut t leave when he came in.
I had just lcked the dr when I realised I had left my key n the kitchen table.
was/were abut t “正要做某事,這時(突然)”
had “剛做完某事,這時(突然)”
It is/has been+時間段+since
since從句用過去時。該句型表某個動作持續(xù)多久。但若since后跟延續(xù)性動詞,要翻譯成否定含義,即“沒做某事已經(jīng)多久了”
It has been three years since he wrked here.
他不在這工作已經(jīng)三年了。
It has been three years since he smked.
他已經(jīng)戒煙三年了。
It has been three years since he began t smke.
他吸煙有三年了。
一般現(xiàn)在時
ften,usually,always,smetimes,never,seldm,every week/day/year/mnth...,nce a week,n Sundays
一般過去時
ag,yesterday,the day befre yesterday,last week/year/night/mnth...,in 1989,just nw,at the age f five,ne day,ag,lng ag,nce upn a time,then(那時),n that day,the ther day(幾天以前)
現(xiàn)在
進行時
nw,these days,at this mment/time
過去
進行時
at this time yesterday,at that time或“when+一般過去時從句”,at 1:00 last night
現(xiàn)在
完成時
recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,fr+時段(但還在延續(xù)),in the past few years,ever since,in the last/past five mnths,up t nw,since then,s far,ever,never,yet,lately,nce,twice,three/fur times...,already,befre,just
過去
完成時
befre,by the end f last year/term/mnth
一般
將來時
tmrrw,next day/week/mnth/year...,sn,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tmrrw,in the future
過去
將來時
the next day/mrning/year...,the fllwing mnth/week...
系動詞+形容詞
lk,sund,feel,smell,taste,prve,appear
The sup smells gd but tastes terrible.
不及物動詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)
cut,sell,read,write,fill,ck,lck,wash,drive,keep
This kind f material washes easily.
The pen writes smthly.
Meat wn’t keep lng in such ht weather.
表開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞
begin,finish,start,pen,clse,stp,end,run
The shp clses at 6 day.
有些表示“需要”的動詞后加動詞的-ing形式
need,require,want,be wrth
Yur hair wants cutting.
The flr requires washing.
The bk is wrth reading.
不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語有動賓關(guān)系
hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,gd,cmfrtable,cnvenient,impssible
The questin is difficult t answer.
The bx is heavy t carry.
The prject is impssible t cmplete in a year.

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