新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測第18講閱讀理解主旨大意（練）（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

根據(jù)文章選擇正確的選項
1.（2023年湖北華中師大附中模擬預(yù)測）
I truly believe we all have a very special purpse in life, regardless f wh we are r where we cme frm. After ten years f wrking fr a majr Wall Street bank, I wanted t d smething challenging. S when I read a Merrill Lynch advertisement lking t hire mre stckbrkers (股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人), with great excitement, I made sme phne calls and arranged t meet with ne f its branch vice presidents. After this interview and interviews with twelve f his tp stckbrkers, I eventually landed the jb.
The first few mnths was a struggle. I lived n very little cmmissin (傭金). Night after night, I left the ffice weary and exhausted, ready t give up, yet smehw returning the next mrning t start anew day. Eventually, all the hard wrk paid ff. In less than fur years, I became ne f the tp sales peple at my branch and increased persnal sales by 1,700 percent. The success earned me a six-figure incme, prmtin and numerus sales awards.
Tward the end f my furth year at Merrill Lynch, it hit me that smething was missing. I thught lng and hard abut my gals. Then I was reminded f the time when I spke t hundreds f peple, while in cllege as a student leader, and years later, when I wn a “Humrus Speech” champinship. It dawned n me that every time I had a speaking engagement, I always came ut f the experience with a wnderful, energetic, peaceful and magical feeling that was unmatched by anything else I did. I knew the extrardinary public-speaking skills I was blessed with culd enable me t make a lasting difference and transfrm ther peple’s lives.
Then I tk anther daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business fr a mre satisfying career as a mtivatinal speaker. The beginning f my speaking jurney was surprisingly similar t what I had first experienced at Merrill Lynch. Hwever, nthing in the wrld cmes clse t the satisfying feeling I get when thusands f peple tell me hw much I have made a difference in their lives by mtivating them t take risks and be the best they culd be.
Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Speaking Makes a Satisfying JbB．Challenge Yur Career Chice
C．Hard Wrk Pays OffD．Dare t Take Risks
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。閱讀文章，尤其是第一段第二句“After ten years f wrking fr a majr Wall Street bank, I wanted t d smething challenging.(在華爾街一家大銀行工作了十年之后，我想做一些具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情)”和最后一段第一句“Then I tk anther daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business fr a mre satisfying career as a mtivatinal speaker.(然后，我又冒了一次大膽的風(fēng)險，放棄了一切，離開了投資行業(yè)，去做一名更令人滿意的勵志演說家)”可知，作者用自身經(jīng)歷告訴我們要敢于挑戰(zhàn)，敢于冒險。由此可知，D項“Dare t Take Risks(敢于冒險)”最能概括本文主旨。故選D項。
（2023年浙江寧波高三校聯(lián)考）
I was a graduate student in Manhattan having breakfast n my rftp n Sept. 11, 2001, when I witnessed planes hit the Twin Twers. Fr mnths afterwards, I shk with anxiety every mrning. Unwilling t medicate, I tried everything else. Mindfulness meditatin (冥想) caused panic attacks. Ht yga built muscle but did nthing fr my anxiety. I went t talks by Buddhist mnks and meditatin teachers hping t attain inner peace, but in vain. Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditatin class, which invlves a 20-minute breathing regimen (養(yǎng)生之道) in different pstures and rhythms. Thugh I went in skeptical,I came ut calm. Tw decades later,I never missed a day f my breathing practice, nt even when I gave birth.
20．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．PTSD: mre awareness needed
B．SKY: better well-being attained
C．Meditatin: an effective treatment
D．Breath: detailed ways t cnduct
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditatin class, which invlves a 20-minute breathing regimen (養(yǎng)生之道) in different pstures and rhythms. Thugh I went in skeptical, I came ut calm. Tw decades later, I never missed a day f my breathing practice, nt even when I gave birth.(最后，我參加了一個SKY呼吸冥想課程，包括20分鐘的不同姿勢和節(jié)奏的呼吸養(yǎng)生之道。雖然我滿懷懷疑地進(jìn)去了，但出來時卻很平靜。二十年后，我從未錯過一天的呼吸練習(xí)，甚至在我生孩子的時候。)”以及第二段“Traditinal treatments had failed many f them, s my clleagues and I ran a randmized cntrlled trial t test the effects f SKY breathing. Cmpared with the cntrl grup, veterans practicing SKY every day fr ne week saw their anxiety drp t levels typical f the general ppulatin.(傳統(tǒng)的治療方法失敗了很多，所以我和我的同事進(jìn)行了一個隨機(jī)對照試驗來測試SKY呼吸的效果。與對照組相比，在一周內(nèi)每天練習(xí)SKY的退伍軍人的焦慮水平下降到一般人群的典型水平)”可知，文章主要講述了SKY療法可以使人不那么焦慮，獲得幸福。故選B。
（2023廣東深圳外國語學(xué)校練習(xí)）
McDnald’s is prmising t ffer sustainable Happy Meal tys made with dramatically less plastic by the end f 2025. The fast-fd giant said that it has already decreased the use f virgin fssil fuel-based plastic in its tys by 30% wrldwide since 2018 after starting the prcess in markets like France, the United Kingdm and Ireland.
Mre than 100 cuntries wrldwide sell Happy Meals at McDnald’s lcatins. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.
Murray said children and parents alike have been asking fr mre sustainable tys. In 2019, tw British schl children started a petitin (請愿書) that generated internatinal attentin asking McDnald’s and Burger King t cancel the plastic tys in their children’s meal deals.
Sme tys, like bard game pieces, will be made with plant-derived (植物提取的) r recycled material. Others will have mre significant changes t their appearance. Superheres and mvie characters will be 3-D cututs rather than plastic figurines. The cmpany is als lking int switching frm plastic wrapping t plant-based and certified fiber packaging.
“As yu can imagine, ur entire supply chain has t change with this,” Murray said. “It has been a massive undertaking, and we’re really just changing the way we d ur Happy Meals.”
McDnald’s chief sustainability fficer Jenny McCllch said the cmpany has already been learning frm feedback in France, the UK and Ireland, where the tys have already rlled ut. The gal is t make sure they are safe and sturdy enugh fr children.
Accrding t McCllch, the mre sustainable tys will begin rlling ut widely in the US by January. The fast-fd giant is als lking fr ways t recycle the ld plastic Happy Meal tys within its restaurants.
136．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Less Use f Plastic Is Required
B．An Ec-friendly Burger Chain Called McDnald’s
C．The Way That McDnald’s Made Happy Meal Tys
D．McDnald’s Will Offer Greener Happy Meal Tys
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。第一段第一句提到“McDnald’s is prmising t ffer sustainable Happy Meal tys made with dramatically less plastic by the end f 2025. ”（麥當(dāng)勞承諾，到2025年底，將提供可持續(xù)性的開心樂園餐玩具，所使用的塑料將大幅減少。），第二段提到了麥當(dāng)勞在漢堡配方上所作出的改變，第三段提到了麥當(dāng)勞改變玩具制作材料的緣由：兩個小朋友希望減少套餐里的塑料玩具，第四、五、六段提到了麥當(dāng)勞為減少塑料玩具制品所做的工作和努力。由此判斷，麥當(dāng)勞希望套餐里的玩具能夠更加綠色環(huán)保。D項“麥當(dāng)勞將會提供更加綠色的開心樂園餐玩具”該項符合文意。故選D。
4.（2023華南師大附中模擬預(yù)測）
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. N news is gd news, and gd news is n news. Thse are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers. But nw that infrmatin is being spread and mnitred(監(jiān)控) in different ways, researchers are discvering new rules. By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media,” says Jnah Berger, a schlar at the University f Pennsylvania. “They want yur eyeballs and dn’t care hw yu’re feeling. But when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. Yu dn’t want them t think f yu as a Debbie Dwner.”
Researchers analyzing wrd-f-muth cmmunicatin—e-mails, Web psts and reviews, face-t-face cnversatins—fund that it tended t be mre psitive than negative(消極的), but that didn’t necessarily mean peple preferred psitive news. Was psitive news shared mre ften simply because peple experienced mre gd things than bad things?
T test fr that pssibility, Dr. Berger lked at hw peple spread a particular set f news stries: thusands f articles n The New Yrk Times’ website. He and a Penn clleague analyzed the “mst e-mailed” list fr six mnths. One f his first findings was that articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than nn-science articles. He fund that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want t share this psitive feeling with thers.
Readers als tended t share articles that were exciting r funny, r that inspired negative feelings like anger r anxiety, but nt articles that left them merely sad. They needed t be arused(激發(fā)) ne way r the ther, and they preferred gd news t bad. The mre psitive an article, the mre likely it was t be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new bk, “Cntagius: Why Things Catch On.”
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Sad Stries Travel Far and Wide
B．Online News Attracts Mre Peple
C．Reading Habits Change with the Times
D．Gd News Beats Bad n Scial Netwrks
【答案】D
【解析】旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.”可知，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播得更快，影響更深遠(yuǎn)；說明文章主要講的是好消息通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳播，故選D。
5.（2023華南師大附中模擬預(yù)測）Grwing up in the Philippines, cnstructin wrker Jhnny Manlugay cmbs the beaches each night fr the eggs f sea turtles. He knws exactly what t lk fr, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather n hw t lcate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded r ate them. It wasn’t abut getting rich. It was just a part f life.
But Manlugay has since turned ver a new leaf. Nw, he uses his tracking skills t prtect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. “I’ve learned t lve this wrk,” Manlugay acknwledged in an interview. “We didn’t knw paching (偷獵) was illegal and that we shuld nt eat turtle eggs and meat.”
Manlugay carefully mved each egg int a bucket he brught with him, as well as sme sand frm the turtle nests, s as t hand them ver t Castal Underwater Resurce Management Actins(CURMA)— the grup leading the cnservatin prgram n the beaches.
The cnservatin effrt established in 2009 has transfrmed sea turtle pachers int helpers, ffering training t help save thusands f turtles and keep their eggs frm ending up in markets and n plates. “We talked t the pachers, and it turned ut paching was just anther means fr them t earn a living,” explained Carls Tamay, the directr f peratins. “They had n chices.”
Once cllected, the eggs are then reburied in prtected areas t ensure the hatch. Anther frmer pacher, Jessie Cabagbag, wh grew up eating turtle meat and eggs, takes care f ne f the prtected areas nw. “I stpped paching when we underwent training and were taught that what we have been ding was illegal and that these species f turtles are endangered,” he explained. Nw, he admits, “I am truly prud. I am happy that I can cntribute t the cnservatin f the turtles.”
What’s the best title fr this passage?
A．Lcal Philippins Search fr Sea Turtle Eggs.
B．Frmer Turtle Egg Pachers Turn int Prtectrs.
C．Sea Turtles are Well Prtected in the Philippines.
D．The Cnservatin Prgram Saves Endangered Turtles.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題。由本文第一段“Grwing up in the Philippines, cnstructin wrker Jhnny Manlugay cmbs the beaches each night fr the eggs f sea turtles. He knws exactly what t lk fr, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather n hw t lcate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded r ate them. It wasn’t abut getting rich. It was just a part f life.”(菲律賓長大的建筑工人Jhnny Manlugay每天晚上都會在海灘上搜尋海龜?shù)牡?。他很清楚該找什么，因為他小時候就被祖父訓(xùn)練如何定位動物和它們的蛋。當(dāng)時，他的家人要么交易，要么吃掉它們。這與其說是致富，不如說是生活的一部分。)以及第二段中“But Manlugay has since turned ver a new leaf. Nw, he uses his tracking skills t prtect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. (現(xiàn)在，Manlugay開始了新的一頁?，F(xiàn)在，他利用自己的追蹤技能來保護(hù)那些來到他所居住的海灘的海龜。)”可知短文主要報道了菲律賓前海龜?shù)白鳙C者成為動物保護(hù)者的故事，故選B項。
6.（2023年湖南長沙一中三模）A happy beagle (小獵犬) called Bella lves Amazn bxes. It tears int them while ignring ther delivery bxes. Little Bit, a trtiseshell cat, is similarly cnsumed — but by scks. It raids (偷襲) the laundry basket in the middle f the night and als paws thrugh the pen suitcases f huse guests, wh almst always find themselves missing a sck in the mrning. Pets d sme pretty weird things. But these strange behavirs ften make perfect sense t the pets, said scientists wh study animal behavirs. “These behavirs are nt invented n the spt,” said Carl Siracusa, a prfessr at the University f Pennsylvania Schl f Veterinary Medicine. The pets are ding behavirs that their wild ancestrs did, but they’ve changed them a bit t fit their new lives as pets.
Dgs can be trained t rll ver and play dead. But their ancient instincts frm their wlf ancestrs are still there. Instincts, r instinctive behavirs, are behavirs that are dne withut thinking. They dn’t have t be learned. Fr example, sme dgs will scratch the grund after pping(排便). But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it. “They are depsiting smell in thse areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almst like drawing a picture with a big red marker arund it,” he added.
Cats, n the ther hand, almst always bury their waste. “They are cvering their tracks,” says Mnique Udell, an expert n human-animal interactins wh wrks at Oregn State University. Cats are predatrs, meaning they hunt ther animals fr fd. But ther animals hunt them, t. S they dn’t want t be seen-r smelled. Mikel Delgad, the funder f a Califrnia-based cat behavir cnsulting service, said that many ther cat behavirs, arise frm cats’ wild rigins.
While dgs share many behavirs inherited (繼承) frm wlves, they’ve als develped a few f their wn. “Puppy dg eyes”, the inncent lk that many humans are helpless t resist, is ne. Over the time perid that they’ve lived with peple, dgs have develped certain muscles arund their eyes. This helps them make the adrable expressins that win ver humans. Like wlves, dgs als like t lick faces. Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are nt. “It’s hw wlf puppies get fd frm their parents’ muths,” Siracusa said. “It als can be a sign f submissin. When a lwer-ranking individual appraches a higher-ranking ne, it gets dwn real lw and licks the dminant ne t say: ‘I’m nt a threat t yu.’”
Which statement summarizes the furth paragraph?
A．Pet cats bury their waste because their wild ancestrs did s.
B．Humans like the fact that their pet cats bury their waste.
C．Cats are uninterested in keeping a lw tne.
D．Cats have changed a lt after becming pets.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“While dgs share many behavirs inherited (繼承) frm wlves, they’ve als develped a few f their wn. “Puppy dg eyes”, the inncent lk that many humans are helpless t resist, is ne. Over the time perid that they’ve lived with peple, dgs have develped certain muscles arund their eyes. This helps them make the adrable expressins that win ver humans. Like wlves, dgs als like t lick faces. Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are nt. “It’s hw wlf puppies get fd frm their parents’ muths,” Siracusa said. “It als can be a sign f submissin. When a lwer-ranking individual appraches a higher-ranking ne, it gets dwn real lw and licks the dminant ne t say: ‘I’m nt a threat t yu.’”(雖然狗有很多從狼那里遺傳來的行為，但它們也進(jìn)化出了一些自己的行為?！靶」饭返难劬Α保窃S多人無法抗拒的天真的眼神。在與人類生活的一段時間里，狗在眼睛周圍發(fā)育出了某些肌肉。這有助于它們做出可愛的表情，贏得人類的青睞。和狼一樣，狗也喜歡舔人的臉。人類認(rèn)為他們的寵物在親吻他們，但事實并非如此。錫拉庫薩說:“這就是小狼崽從父母嘴里獲取食物的方式?！薄斑@也可能是屈服的標(biāo)志。當(dāng)一個地位較低的個體接近一個地位較高的個體時，它會降到很低的位置，舔舔占主導(dǎo)地位的個體，說:‘我對你沒有威脅。’”)”可知，第四段闡述了既是捕獵者也是獵物的貓保留了其祖先的習(xí)性：掩埋其排泄物以避免被其他捕獵者發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。
7.（2023年湖南師大附中一模）
Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blind passenger this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rma and Ae d Prject—t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers away t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.
The prttype (原型) f the smart car windw has a device with an utside-facing camera. With just a press f a buttn, the system takes a picture f the current view. The clrful picture is then turned int an image with different shades f grey thrugh LED lights, which vibrates (震動) differently. As the finger passes ver different regins f the image, its shaking mvements prvide feedback thrugh the sense f tuch t the persn using it. The smart windw als cmes with a vice assistant that uses AI t identify the scene and help the passengers get infrmatin n what they’re seeing.
“As the prttype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth t a cmpletely new language that wuld give blind peple a new chance t visualize and experience traveling,” Federic Russ, ne directr f GTB Rma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we lked fr suppliers all arund the wrld t make it cme t life.” He believes the technlgy can be emplyed nt just in cars. “It culd be intrduced int schls and institutins fr blind peple as a tl that culd be used in multiple ways.”
The technlgy may shw up in a Frd autnmus vehicle. It’s knwn that the cmpany is testing their technlgy and future business mdel and struggling t figure ut hw an autnmus vehicle gives different passengers the details needed t get frm ne destinatin t anther. It’s unclear when this technlgy will be made available. Hwever, the idea f building smething fr the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential actin.
Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．A I-based Windw Adds Fun t Rad Trips
B．Smart Windw Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views
C．Technlgy Makes the Blind’s Trip Enjyable
D．Frd Develps a System fr the Blind t Drive
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題。閱讀全文尤其是第一段內(nèi)容“Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blind passenger this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rma and Ae d Prject—t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers away t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.(從連綿起伏的丘陵到山脈，景色讓任何公路旅行都令人難忘，但對于盲人乘客來說，這是他們錯過的體驗的一部分。汽車公司福特試圖改變這一點。它與GTB Rma和Ae d prject合作開發(fā)了一種技術(shù)，可以讓那些不幸的乘客透過車窗感受大自然的美麗。)”可知，本文主要介紹了福特公司聯(lián)合GTB Rma和Ae d Prject研發(fā)了一款智能車窗，這種智能車窗使盲人有可能感受到旅途中的風(fēng)景，故B項：Smart Windw Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views(智能窗戶讓盲人乘客感受美景)作標(biāo)題最為恰當(dāng)。故選B。
（2023年湖南長沙雅禮中學(xué)二模）
A study n “slash yuth” published in the China Yuth Research magazine analyzes the backgrund f this phenmenn: with part f mdern sciety’s structured rganizatin and stability nrms (規(guī)范) are brken, flexible labr markets and structural unemplyment has emerged, eliminating the sense f jb security f the yung peple in emplyment. Yung peple als face the dilemma f self-actualizatin (自我實現(xiàn)), including the sense f pwerlessness, lst sense f value and lack f self-identity in the prfessin, which frces them t re-find the meaning f wrk.
What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f flexible labr markets.
B．Reasns fr the emergence f “slash yuth”.
C．Yung peple’s pursuits in their prfessin.
D．Causes f lsing self-identity amng the yuth.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句“A study n “slash yuth” published in the China Yuth Research magazine analyzes the backgrund f this phenmenn（發(fā)表在《中國青年研究》雜志上的一篇關(guān)于“斜杠青年”的研究分析了這一現(xiàn)象的背景）”可知，本段主要分析了斜桿青年這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的背景，即這一現(xiàn)象背后的各種原因。故選B項。
（2023年湖南長沙雅禮中學(xué)二模）
Knwn n scial media as The Siux Chef, Sean Sherman grew up n the Pine Ridge Indian Reservatin. He is recnnecting the lcals f Nrth America with native flavrs and ingredients, and wrking t inspire a generatin f indigenus (本土的) chefs t reclaim their cking past.
Pine Ridge in Suth Dakta cntains sme f the prest cmmunities in the cuntry, and it’s ut f that envirnment that Sherman gt his first jb in the restaurant industry as a dishwasher at a lcal steakhuse. As he develped a lve f cking, which saw him mve t Minneaplis t study Japanese and French cuisines, Sherman realized he didn’t knw indigenus recipes.
“What were my Lakta ancestrs eating and string away? Hw were they getting ils, salts and fats and things like that?” Sherman remembered asking himself in an interview n PBS NewsHur. “S it tk me quite a few years f just researching, but it really became a passin. ”
These years f researching, talking t elders, and cnsulting written material helped him prduce The Siux Chefs Indigenus Kitchen, which in 2018 wn Sherman the James Beard Award fr Best American Ckbk.
After publishing the bk, Sherman pened his restaurant, Owamni, in Minneaplis and created the Nrth American Traditinal Indigenus Fd Systems(NATIFS). It is a prfessinal indigenus kitchen and training center that seeks t create an educatinal space fr native chefs t be trained and develp their skills, and recnnect with their cking heritage.
“Part f ur challenge t urselves was t cut ut ingredients that are nt native s we stpped using dairy, wheat flur and cane sugar, ” he said. He cks with lcal ingredients. His chices f meats are the same as thse hunted by his ancestrs — deer, fish, and birds.
“Fr indigenus peple wh went thrugh very strng assimilatin (同化現(xiàn)象), we lst a lt f ur fd culture,” Sherman said. “But we’re at a pint nw where we can reclaim it and develp it fr the next generatin. T be able t share culture thrugh fd will be really healing.”
Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Lcal recipes: chefs trained
B．Lcal recipes: fame achieved
C．Lcal recipes: restaurants refreshed
D．Lcal recipes: fd culture preserved
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“He is recnnecting the lcals f Nrth America with native flavrs and ingredients, and wrking t inspire a generatin f indigenus (本土的) chefs t reclaim their cking past.(他正在將北美當(dāng)?shù)厝伺c本土風(fēng)味和食材重新聯(lián)系起來，并致力于激勵一代本土廚師重拾他們的烹飪傳統(tǒng))”以及接下來幾段的介紹可知，全文是圍繞Sean Sherman對保護(hù)本土餐飲文化所做的努力展開的。由此可知，“Lcal recipes: fd culture preserved(地方食譜：保護(hù)的飲食文化)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。
（2023年福建福州高中模擬預(yù)測）
When rbts appear t engage with peple and display human-like emtins, peple may think f them as capable f “thinking”, r acting n their wn beliefs and desires rather than their prgrams, accrding t the research published by the American Psychlgical Assciatin.
“The relatinship between human-like shape, human-like behavir and the tendency t attribute (把……歸因于) independent thught and intentinal behavir t rbts is yet t be understd,” said study authr Agnieszka Wykwska, PhD, a principal investigatr at the Italian Institute f Technlgy. “As artificial intelligence increasingly becmes a part f ur lives, it is imprtant t understand hw interacting with a rbt that displays human-like behavirs might cause higher likelihd f attributin f intentinal agency t the rbt.”
Acrss three experiments invlving 119 participants, researchers examined hw individuals wuld see a human-like rbt, the iCub, after scializing with it and watching vides tgether. Befre and after interacting with the rbt, participants cmpleted a questinnaire that shwed them pictures f the rbt in different situatins and asked then t chse whether the rbt’s mtivatin in each situatin was mechanical r intentinal.
The researchers fund that participants wh watched vides with the human-like rbt were mre likely t rate the rbt’s actins as intentinal, rather than prgrammed, while thse wh nly interacted with the machine-like rbt were nt. This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins. It is human-like behavir that might be crucial fr being deemed as an intentinal agent.
Accrding t Wykwska, these findings shw that peple might be mre likely t believe artificial intelligence is capable f independent thught when it creates the impressin that it can behave just like humans. “This culd infrm the design f scial rbts f the future,” she said.
92．What wuld be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Human-like rbts can interact with humans
B．Human-like rbts can behave just like humans
C．Artificial intelligence has becme part f ur lives
D．Human-like rbts may be believed t have mental states
【答案】D
92．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“When rbts appear t engage with peple and display human-like emtins, peple may think f them as capable f “thinking”, r acting n their wn beliefs and desires rather than their prgrams(當(dāng)機(jī)器人表現(xiàn)出與人類互動，并表現(xiàn)出類似人類的情感時，人們可能會認(rèn)為它們能夠“思考”，或者根據(jù)自己的信念和欲望而不是程序行事)”和最后一段中的“Accrding t Wykwska, these findings shw that peple might be mre likely t believe artificial intelligence is capable f independent thught when it creates the impressin that it can behave just like humans.(維科夫斯卡表示，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，當(dāng)人工智能給人留下它可以像人類一樣行動的印象時，人們可能更容易相信它有獨立思考的能力)”可知，本文主要講述了有著類似人類行為的機(jī)器人可能具有獨立思考的能力。由此可知，Human-like rbts may be believed t have mental states(類人機(jī)器人可能被認(rèn)為具有精神狀態(tài))適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選D。
11.（2023年福建廈門一中模擬測試）
Fr the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-t-face interactins when emplyees start t wrk at an pen-plan ffice, and their results shw these mdern wrkspaces are nt as cperative as yu’d think.
Tw researchers frm Harvard Business Schl and Harvard University wanted t test whether remving walls at a real-wrld wrkplace really increases interactins between c-wrkers. “T ur knwledge, n prir study has directly measured the effect n actual interactin that results frm remving walls t create an pen ffice envirnment,” Ethan S. Bernstein and Stephen Turban write in the paper. T that end, they apprached tw multinatinal cmpanies that were re-rganizing their ffice spaces at the glbal headquarters, and enlisted small grups f emplyees fr tw studies.
Fr eight weeks befre the ffice redesign and eight weeks afterward, the researchers tracked emplyees’ scial interactins and lcatins. This data was analyzed tgether with email and instant messaging infrmatin frm the cmpany’s servers t measure differences in hw peple were cmmunicating with each ther.
What they fund was a pretty astnishing difference in face-t-face interactins — but nt in the directin yu might think. Acrss bth experiments, emplyees’ scial interactins in persn decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by rughly 20 t 50 percent.
S, instead f spending mre time cperating with c-wrkers in the new space where everyne culd see them, peple gt their heads dwn and tried t preserve their privacy any way they culd. Accrding t these results, it appears that being frced int a mre pen-plan envirnment can make peple switch frm chatting t thers in persn t sending an email r using instant messaging instead.
As the team ntes, it’s nt autmatically a bad thing, but it can certainly change wrk dynamics in an unexpected way. “That can have imprtant cnsequences fr hw — and hw prductively — wrk gets dne,” the researchers cnclude.
What is the main idea f the text?
A．Real-wrld wrkplaces increase emplyees’ interactin.
B．Wrk dynamics dn’t have much effect n wrk efficiency.
C．Mdern wrkspaces change wrkers’ way f cmmunicatin.
D．Open-plan ffices can’t prmte cperatin between c-wrkers.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。由第一段“Fr the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-t-face interactins when emplyees start t wrk at an pen-plan ffice, and their results shw these mdern wrkspaces are nt as cperative as yu’d think. (科學(xué)家們首次測量了當(dāng)員工開始在開放式辦公室工作時，面對面的互動會發(fā)生什么，他們的研究結(jié)果表明，這些現(xiàn)代工作場所并不像你想象的那樣合作)”，第四段中的“Acrss bth experiments, emplyees’ scial interactins in persn decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by rughly 20 t 50 percent. (在這兩項實驗中，員工面對面的社交互動減少了70%，而電子郵件則增加了約20%至50%)”和全文可知，文章講述了一項研究表明，在開放式辦公室工作時，員工并不像你想象的那樣合作，反而為了保護(hù)隱私，他們互動減少，更多使用電子郵件交流，D項“開放式辦公室不能促進(jìn)同事之間的合作”符合文意。故選D項。
12.（2023年江蘇南通海安中學(xué)階段練習(xí)）
Did yu watch the ppular TV series Meet Yurself during yur winter vacatin? In the TV series, the herine Xu Hngdu travels t a village in Yunnan prvince and vlunteers at a lcal cafe. She gets free meals in return. As the shw finds a grwing audience, vlunteer travel—an ld-yet-mdern frm f travel similar t Xu’s type f wrk — has attracted mre attentin.
Vlunteer travel refers t taking a trip where all r part f the purpse f the trip is t participate in an arranged service pprtunity t help thers. These vlunteer trips are usually arranged by church rganizatins, human interest grups r nnprfit rganizatins, and they take frm f equal exchanges. During the trip, vlunteer travelers ften prvide services like teaching, cking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange fr their help, the vlunteers may get free r discunted accmmdatin, meals and laundry, activities, r classes.
Traditinally, the vlunteer activities take place in a freign cuntry. Hwever, just as what Meet Yurself describes, mre vlunteer trips have taken place within the same cuntries r regins the vlunteers riginate frm in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine cmmented that vlunteer prjects in rural areas are nw attracting mre urban visitrs as a break frm the fast and stressful pace f urban living. Yang Yan, a funder f a vlunteer platfrm, tld the magazine that it has indeed been a grwing trend fr urban residents t vlunteer in rural areas.
What des the third paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．A new trend f vlunteer trips.B．The future f vlunteer trips.
C．The significance f vlunteer trips.D．Different views n vlunteer trips.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Hwever, just as what Meet Yurself describes, mre vlunteer trips have taken place within the same cuntries r regins the vlunteers riginate frm in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine cmmented that vlunteer prjects in rural areas are nw attracting mre urban visitrs as a break frm the fast and stressful pace f urban living. Yang Yan, a funder f a vlunteer platfrm, tld the magazine that it has indeed been a grwing trend fr urban residents t vlunteer in rural areas.(然而，正如Meet Yurself所描述的那樣，近年來，越來越多的志愿者旅行發(fā)生在他們的原籍國家或地區(qū)?！度?lián)生活周刊》評論說，農(nóng)村地區(qū)的志愿者項目現(xiàn)在吸引了更多的城市游客，讓他們從快速而緊張的城市生活節(jié)奏中解脫出來。一家志愿者平臺的創(chuàng)始人Yang Yan在接受該雜志采訪時表示，城市居民去農(nóng)村做志愿者確實已經(jīng)成為一種日益增長的趨勢。)”可知，第三段主要講的是志愿者旅行的新趨勢。故選A。
（2023年湖北黃岡中學(xué)模擬測試）
AI is cnsidered t be transfrmative fr a wide range f industries, but there’s perhaps n ther field where it prvides mre value than healthcare. Machine-learning prgrams are nw being used in many hspitals t spt cancer and ther diseases and discver new drugs, but there’s still this general impressin that this is all dne in a small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here t stay and it has already saved thusands f lives.
Researchers at Jhns Hpkins University published tw studies in July 2022 describing a machine-learning-based early detectin tl fr sepsis (敗血癥) that was used at five hspitals ver a tw-year perid. During this perid, the AI was able t identify nearly 10,000 sepsis cases frm patient recrds and helped dctrs ffer critical care abut tw hurs, n average, earlier than when they didn’t have access t the AI’s warning. Thanks t this system, the patients were 20% less likely t die f sepsis, ptentially saving thusands f lives acrss the U.S. if it is implemented (實施) natinwide.
Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is f critical imprtance. Hwever, sepsis is nt always apparent, s there are naturally sme delayed diagnses. But if the cnditin is nt diagnsed in time, it can prgress int septic shck, causing a significant drp in bld pressure, rgan failure, and ther serius cnsequences. Even with treatment, in sme cases, there is nthing dctrs can d t save the patient’s life, which is why preventin is the name f the game with sepsis.
This is why the AI develped at Jhns Hpkins, knwn as the Targeted Real-time Early Warning System, is s imprtant. In the tw years the system had been nline since 2018, during which it mnitred 590,000 patients via their electrnic health recrds, the AI was able t flag nearly 10,000 cases f sepsis. Its accuracy fllwing diagnsis prved t be 38%, which might nt sund like a lt, but earlier systems culdn’t achieve mre than 12%.
What des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A．The imprtance f sepsis preventin.
B．The difficulty f diagnsing sepsis.
C．The identificatin f septic shck.
D．The treatments fr septic shck.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is f critical imprtance. Hwever, sepsis is nt always apparent, s there are naturally sme delayed diagnses. But if the cnditin is nt diagnsed in time, it can prgress int septic shck, causing a significant drp in bld pressure, rgan failure, and ther serius cnsequences. Even with treatment, in sme cases, there is nthing dctrs can d t save the patient’s life, which is why preventin is the name f the game with sepsis.(一旦敗血癥發(fā)作，病人通常會發(fā)燒，心跳加快，呼吸困難。在治療敗血癥時，時間是至關(guān)重要的。然而，敗血癥并不總是很明顯，所以自然會有一些延遲診斷。但如果沒有及時診斷，可能會發(fā)展為感染性休克，導(dǎo)致血壓顯著下降、器官衰竭和其他嚴(yán)重后果。即使進(jìn)行了治療，在某些情況下，醫(yī)生也無法挽救病人的生命，這就是為什么預(yù)防是敗血癥的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，第三段主要講的是預(yù)防敗血癥的重要性。故選A。
14.（2023年湖北武漢?？季毩?xí)）
In habitats acrss the planet, animals peridically drp everything t walk, fly r swim t a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migratin paths by fllwing their parents. Others, including small sngbirds, gain the distance and directin f their migratin within their genetic cde. And sme animals use a cmbinatin f genetics and culture t guide their migratin.
What is the first paragraph mainly abut? .
A．It describes animals’ habitats.B．It talks abut migratin mdels.
C．It cmpares different species.D．It intrduces a tracking technlgy.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migratin paths by fllwing their parents. Others, including small sngbirds, gain the distance and directin f their migratin within their genetic cde. And sme animals use a cmbinatin f genetics and culture t guide their migratin.(像鯨魚和大雁這樣的野生動物通過跟隨父母學(xué)習(xí)遷徙路線。其他鳥類，包括小型鳴禽，在它們的遺傳密碼中獲得了遷徙的距離和方向。一些動物利用遺傳和文化的結(jié)合來指導(dǎo)它們的遷移)”可知，本段主要講述動物遷徙的模式。故選B項。
15.（2023年浙江高三聯(lián)考測試）
On a daily basis, peple in New Yrk City are ften in a hurry t get arund. Hwever, the Tweenbts, thrugh their inability t lk after themselves, tk peple ut f their nrmal rutines. The peple wh nticed the helpless little rbts were actually interested in helping the Tweenbts find their way hme. Tweenbts mve at a cnstant speed and can nly g in a straight line. If ne was t get stuck, r was ging in the wrng directin, it wuld be up t strangers t free it r turn it in the right directin. Surprisingly, n Tweenbt was lst r damaged, and each ne arrived at its target in gd cnditin. In fact, mst peple treated the rbt in a gentle manner, and sme even treated it as thugh it were a small living being.
What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Tweenbts’ ppularity.B．Tweenbts’ inability.
C．The result f the experiment.D．New Yrkers’ nrmal rutines.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“On a daily basis, peple in New Yrk City are ften in a hurry t get arund. Hwever, the Tweenbts, thrugh their inability t lk after themselves, tk peple ut f their nrmal rutines. The peple wh nticed the helpless little rbts were actually interested in helping the Tweenbts find their way hme. Tweenbts mve at a cnstant speed and can nly g in a straight line. If ne was t get stuck, r was ging in the wrng directin, it wuld be up t strangers t free it r turn it in the right directin. Surprisingly, n Tweenbt was lst r damaged, and each ne arrived at its target in gd cnditin. In fact, mst peple treated the rbt in a gentle manner, and sme even treated it as thugh it were a small living being.(在日常生活中，紐約市的人們經(jīng)常匆匆忙忙地四處走動。然而，由于這些機(jī)器人無法照顧自己，它們讓人們脫離了正常的生活規(guī)律。那些注意到這些無助的小機(jī)器人的人實際上很有興趣幫助這些小機(jī)器人找到回家的路。Tweenbt以恒定的速度移動，只能走直線。如果一個機(jī)器人被困住了，或者走錯了方向，就得靠陌生人來解救它，或者把它轉(zhuǎn)向正確的方向。令人驚訝的是，Tweenbt沒有丟失或損壞，每個機(jī)器人都完好無損地到達(dá)了目標(biāo)。事實上，大多數(shù)人對待機(jī)器人的態(tài)度都很溫和，有些人甚至把它當(dāng)作一個小生命來對待)”可知，最后一段主要講了實驗結(jié)果。故選C。
用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空
（2023年全國乙卷D篇）
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
15. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段(如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人曾經(jīng)有過文本，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，都沒有。寫作是人類較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會也不僅用文字，而且用物件來記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。
（2022年新課標(biāo)II卷C篇）
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
31．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C．New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D．The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放下手機(jī)?？墒菃栴}卻越來越嚴(yán)重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是開車的人越來越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解決該問題是紐約立法者提出了一個新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時候是否使用了手機(jī)。最后一段講述的是：相關(guān)人士呼吁該項技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正地改變?nèi)藗兊男袨?。故B選項Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。
（2022年全國乙卷C篇）
Can a small grup f drnes (無人機(jī)) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t make sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
31．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B．Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D．Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
【答案】D
【導(dǎo)語】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Can a small grup f drnes(無人機(jī))guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t make sure that the millins f kilmeters f rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a24/7 basis.(一小群無人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要講述了無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項“無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來。”符合文章中心思想，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。
4.（2022年全國甲卷B篇）
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (對稱的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (線索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
27．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB．Cckats: Independent Learners
C．Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD．Cckats: Skillful Shape-Srters
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. ”(戈芬的鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產(chǎn)于大洋洲的小鸚鵡，它的形狀識別能力與兩歲的人類相似)可知，文章主要介紹了一種會識別形狀的鳳頭鸚鵡。故選D。
5.（2022年北京卷D篇）
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
14．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn.”（現(xiàn)在，大型科技公司和許多小型公司都在量子計算領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了投資。據(jù)《商業(yè)周刊》報道，量子機(jī)器可以幫助我們“治愈癌癥，甚至采取措施將氣候變化轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。這種炒作讓約翰遜感到惱火?！保币约白詈笠欢巍癈uld PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所說的那樣“以巨大的優(yōu)勢”領(lǐng)先所有競爭對手嗎？我不知道。我當(dāng)然不會建議我的朋友或其他人投資量子計算機(jī)。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任約翰遜一樣。）”可知，本文主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”。故選D。
（2022年浙江卷1月D篇）
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
30．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C．Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D．Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia （失智癥） in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.”（新的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，身體健康的中年女性在晚年患癡呆癥的可能性要低近90%，而且確實如此，與不太喜歡運(yùn)動的女性相比，她們患癡呆癥的時間要晚十年。）以及文章后面幾段通過列舉實驗?zāi)康摹⑦^程、方式、結(jié)果等，說明了身體健康的中年女性在老年時患失智癥的幾率會大大降低。故選C項。
（2021年全國甲卷D篇）
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性別)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
【答案】 B
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問題“Wh is a genius?（誰是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所說，未來的天才來自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和那些能夠改變世界的簡單天才?！?”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知B項“天才有多種形式”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。
（2021年新高考I卷C篇）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 遷徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【答案】 A
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，由于之前不恰當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)展導(dǎo)致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護(hù)了水禽，故可知，本文講述美國鴨票的故事，故選A。
（2021年新高考II卷C篇）
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (變革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（倫敦北部中學(xué)教師安德里亞·扎菲拉庫(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一場課堂革命?！拔覀儗⒆龀龈淖儯彼f。“我已經(jīng)啟動了一個項目，以促進(jìn)我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)?！保笨芍恼轮v述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的獎金啟動了一個項目，將藝術(shù)家?guī)нM(jìn)學(xué)校，促進(jìn)藝術(shù)教學(xué)。故選A。
（2021年浙江卷6月B篇）
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parts less than 10 minutes’ walk frm hme where neighbrhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
“Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference,” David Bnd says. “There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be n habit fr life.” His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: “We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while.”
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Let Children Have FunB. Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C. Market Nature t ChildrenD. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature. (他把自己的旅行記錄下來，開始把自然當(dāng)作一個品牌，推銷給年輕人。其結(jié)果是Prject Wild Thing，一部記錄了Wrld Netwrk (世界網(wǎng)絡(luò))誕生的電影，Wrld Netwrk (世界網(wǎng)絡(luò))是以讓孩子們接觸大自然為共同目標(biāo)的團(tuán)體)”可推知，本文主要講述了電影制作人David Bnd為了讓孩子們遠(yuǎn)離屏幕，拍攝自己的旅行，并將自然當(dāng)作一個品牌，推銷給年輕人。由此可知，C項Market Nature t Children(把自然推銷給年輕人)適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選C項。

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