2024衡陽八中高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題含解析

這是一份2024衡陽八中高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題含解析，共12頁。試卷主要包含了5分，滿分37，5分，滿分15分）， 詞匯激活等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Half f all peple will have significant amunts f grey hair by the age f 50．If greying ccurs befre the age f 30, it is knwn as premature greying. Pssible reasns fr this happening:
·genetics
·lng-term dieting
·lack f prtein and nutrients
·extreme mental and emtinal stress
·lack f irn, cpper, zinc, and Vitamin B12
“If yu clr yur hair t ften with strng chemicals and put them n scalps (頭皮) that are still grwing, the cells in yur hair might get damaged. This can change hw melancytes (生黑色素細(xì)胞) wrk. Because f this, they may stp making clr earlier than nrmal,” says Trichlgist and Directr f Hari and Scalp Clinic, HairMantra, Dr Padmaja Redekar. She recmmends yearly scalp check-ups shuld be as rutine as annual medicals.
“At HairMantra, yu will receive expert advice with slutins fr yur whle lifestyle, prducts and supplements fr yur hair prblems, and a hair care rutine t use at hme. Call us tday and balance yur hair health frm the inside ut,” Padmaja adds.
1．What is cnsidered a pssible reasn fr grey hair shwing up early?
A．Occasinal dieting.
B．Genetic prblems.
C．Extreme physical stress.
D．Insufficient prtein and nutrient.
2．What wuld Dr Padmaja Redekar mst likely t recmmend?
A．Clring yur hair as yu wish.B．Changing hw melancytes wrk.
C．Prtecting the cells in yur hair earlier.D．Getting yur scalp checked every year.
3．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．An encyclpedia.B．A healthcare reprt.
C．An advertisement.D．A medical brchure.
B
In 2017, an earthy bicycle repairer appeared n the stage f the TV shw Chinese Petry Cngress.
Wang Haijun, 65 in 2017, was brn in Inner Mnglia, and he lved reading since he was little. Hwever, when he was in the furth grade, Wang had t drp ut f schl because his father wanted him t herd sheep t make a little bit extra.
Frm then n, Wang nly reads after a day’s wrk. Rmance f the Three Kingdms and Three Hundred Tang Pems were his favrite bks. “There weren’t any bkstres arund, s I brrwed them frm thers. I read them s much that the pages began t tear ff.” Later, Wang and his wife mved t Shijiazhuang where he set up a stall and repair bicycles fr mre family incme.
The jb is nt busy, s Wang has time t read. Once, he heard in a radi prgram that a disabled girl wrte sme excellent pems. Encuraged by the stry, Wang began t write his wn pems n the back f the package paper f the tires with a pencil. At night, he wrte with a trch in the dark. He even gt a small blackbard frm the recyclers and put pems n it. He hung the chalkbard in his stall and asked the passers-by t help him imprve his pems. If anybdy’s advice was adpted, he wuld buy him r her a bttle f beer.
In 2017, when Wang was invited t Chinese Petry Cngress, he thught “it was a fraud”, because he never imagined that peple wuld appreciate the pems written by a bicycle repairer. “But it turned ut t be a great experience reading my pems n the stage.” he said.
After the shw, many peple came t his stall t discuss petry with him. “It feels like a dream cme true. Petry belngs t everyne. Even a bicycle repairer like me can still dream abut such a petic life.”
4．What inspired Wang t write pems?
A．ATV shw.B．Petry bks.
C．His family.D．A radi stry.
5．What des the underlined wrd “fraud” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Memry.B．Trick.C．Reward.D．Truble.
6．Which f the fllwing best describes Wang?
A．Creative and helpful.B．Energetic and generus.
C．Optimistic and determined.D．Ambitius and cncerned.
7．What can we learn frm the stry?
A．It’s never t late t learn.B．A gd bk is a gd friend.
C．A gd beginning is half dne.D．Actins speak luder than wrds.
C
A user culd ask ChatGPT t write a cmputer prgram r summarize an article, and the AI chatbt wuld likely be able t prduce useful cde. Hwever, smene culd als ask fr instructins t build a gun, and the chatbt might be able t prvide thse, t.
T prevent this and ther safety issues, cmpanies that build large language mdels typically safeguard them using a prcess called red-teaming. Teams f human testers write prmpts (提示詞) aimed at triggering (引發(fā)) unsafe text frm the mdel being tested. These prmpts are used t teach the chatbt t avid such respnses.
But this nly wrks effectively if engineers knw which txic (有害的) prmpts t use. If human testers miss sme prmpts, which is likely given the number f pssibilities, a chatbt regarded as safe might still be capable f prducing unsafe answers.
Researchers frm Imprbable AI Lab at MIT and the MIT-IBM Watsn AI Lab used machine learning t imprve red-teaming. They develped a technique t train a red-team large language mdel t autmatically create diverse prmpts that trigger a wider range f undesirable respnses frm the chatbt being tested. They d this by teaching the red-team mdel t be curius when it writes prmpts, and t fcus n new prmpts that trigger txic respnses frm the target mdel.
The technique perfrmed better than human testers and ther machine-learning appraches by creating mre distinct prmpts that triggered increasingly txic respnses. Nt nly des their methd significantly imprve the cverage f inputs being tested cmpared t ther autmated methds, but it can als draw ut txic respnses frm a chatbt that had safeguards built int it by human experts.
“Right nw, every large language mdel has t g thrugh a very lng perid f red-teaming t ensure its safety. That is nt ging t be sustainable if we want t update these mdels in rapidly changing envirnments. Our methd prvides a faster and mre effective way t d this quality assurance,” says Zhang Weihng, a lead authr f a paper n this red-teaming apprach.
8．What is the purpse f red-teaming?
A．T safeguard sme large cmpanies.
B．T help build typical language mdels.
C．T teach AI chatbt t deal with hard wrk.
D．T prevent AI frm causing safety prblems.
9．What is the prblem f the red-team f human testers?
A．It is nt as curius as machines.
B．Its language mdel is much smaller.
C．It ften fails t recgnize safe prmpts.
D．It is likely t miss sme txic prmpts.
10．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．The wrking principles f the new technique.
B．Different types f machine-learning appraches.
C．The advantages f the new methd f red-teaming.
D．The difference between human testers and machines.
11．What des Zhang Weihng think f the methd?
A．It takes mre time.B．It is updated rapidly.
C．It prves successful.D．It is envirnmentally friendly.
D
Mre than 4.85 billin peple have access t the Internet. Online, they can find all the infrmatin available t humankind and frm their wn pinin abut anything. This has cmpletely changed sciety. But what disturbs mst is the new technlgical ability f the large number f peple t express themselves. It is nt free access t infrmatin but access t self-expressin that changes the wrld. We are living thrugh an unexpected explsin f authrship.
Thе bk Human as Media gives us a vivid picture f this explsin f authrship. Humankind had 300 millin authrs in 5,000 years f written civilizatin and, all f a sudden, this number has risen t 4.85 billin in the space f 40 years. Such authrship has given us pprtunities t express urselves freely, but it has als led t thughtless self - expressin.
Scial media such as Facebk and Twitter are cmmnly blamed fr creating cultural mess. Peple can express this r that pinin as they like. But what really matters is that scial media prvide chances fr billins wh can reach ut t thers beynd their physical and scial limits. This itself has becme an imprtant factr t shape sciety, regardless f the cntent. In reality, scial media are specifically taking advantage f ur desire t “struggle fr recgnitin”. We humans need t feel a sense f being tgether. S is ur thirst fr respnse. Scial media prvide, r at least ffer, respnses t even the smallest activities f a user such as likes, psts, and cmments. I click, therefre I am.
But with this great service cmes great risks. Thse self-expressins are expsed t sme extent unseen befre. Unprepared and unhesitating judgments regarding smene’s persnal matters r public affairs increase incredibly. Persnal becmes public and public becmes persnal.
12．Why des the authr mentin the bk Human as Media in Paragraph 2?
A．T explain a rule.
B．T prvide a prf.
C．T clarify a cncept.
D．T make a predictin.
13．What can we infer abut scial media?
A．They blame humans’ desire fr fame.
B．They ffer a platfrm fr self-expressin.
C．They prvide users with different activities.
D．They benefit users by judging them carefully.
14．What is the authr’s attitude t self-expressins?
A．Unclear.B．Favrable.C．Negative.D．Hpeful.
15．Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A．The Internet encurages self-expressin
B．Scial media realize nline users’ dreams
C．Netwrk mixes persnal with public affairs
D．Technlgies prmte netwrk develpment
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Risks f Overtraining
Getting in shape and training fr an event such as a marathn requires lng-lasting and intense physical cmmitment. 16 But the truth is, smetimes the very acts we d t get healthy can actually push us past ur physical limits.
Specifically, vertraining is a set f signs that ccur when yur bdy is nt able t recver sufficiently befre ging int yur next wrkut. 17 Peple tend t ignre them. Over time, the cycle f starting the next training sessin befre allwing recvery causes breakdwn f the very parts f the bdy that yu wrk s hard t build up.
The structures and systems f yur bdy adapt t the demands yu have placed n them befre the rest time. If yur wrkut slightly ges beynd yur current ability, it will adapt tward what yu did in a psitive way. 18
Tw main factrs are necessary in recvery: nutritin. and rest. Gd nutritin, including water and prtein intake, is extremely imprtant, especially within 40 minutes f yur wrkut. 19 Yur bdy uses the nutrients yu have given it during the rest time. especially sleep, t strengthen.
One f the best ways t prevent vertraining is t fcus n yur mrning resting heart rate. 20 Generally, yu will detect an increase in yur heart rate befre the ther signs shw up. Tracking it in a lg can be a great way t mnitr yur recvery.
A．It's easy t measure and track.
B．Allwing time fr recvery is als essential.
C．The prblem is that they shw up very gradually.
D．Belw are the signs and symptms f vertraining.
E．Listening t yur bdy will assure yu f yur fitness gals.
F．If far beynd, it'll take lnger t adapt and may cause injury.
G．We generally assume regular intense exercise gd fr ur health.
第三部分 語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
While taking a 20-hur train ride alng the edge f the Taklimakan Desert in nrthwestern China, I had the kind f humbling, educatinal, and abve all else, wnderful 21 with a lcal that all travelers lng fr. A yung Chinese man 22 me n the train. My 23 friend spke virtually n English, s I happily tk the 24 t practice my Chinese.
Over several hurs, he wuld tell me abut hw he had 25 a tw-year prfessinal schl t quickly find a jb 26 highways in rder t help supprt his family. Perhaps the mst 27 , hwever, was the fact that this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr. Withut batting an eye, he wuld 28 a translated Emersn passage befre asking abut the literary influence f American 29 as a whle. ”And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs?” I 30 him asking at ne pint.
It wuld have been easy t 31 my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme. But this highly infrmed, 32 , and admirable persn prevented me ding s. In the curse f a cuple f hurs, he 33 me just hw much ne can gain frm 34 with an pen mind, and a willingness t 35 with lcals frm all walks f life.
21．A．experimentB．encunterC．cmpetitinD．a(chǎn)ppintment
22．A．treatedB．savedC．lecturedD．a(chǎn)pprached
23．A．trueB．s-calledC．newD．lng-lst
24．A．chanceB．a(chǎn)dviceC．trubleD．right
25．A．visitedB．financedC．a(chǎn)ttendedD．funded
26．A．buildingB．sweepingC．checkingD．guarding
27．A．typicalB．bviusC．naturalD．remarkable
28．A．publishB．quteC．сорyD．dwnlad
29．A．writersB．histriansC．wrkersD．students
30．A．a(chǎn)nticipateB．imagineC．recallD．catch
31．A．lk intB．rely nC．g verD．deal with
32．A．well-behavedB．multi-skilledC．warm-heartedD．self-educated
33．A．a(chǎn)skedB．warnedC．shwedD．prmised
34．A．travelingB．readingC．searchingD．teaching
35．A．cperateB．sideC．negtiateD．engage
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Heatherwick Studi recently built a greenhuse at the edge f the Natinal Trust’s Wlbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshuse, is at the centre f a new garden that shws hw the Silk Rad influences English gardens even in mdern times.
The latest 36 (engineer) techniques are applied t create this prtective 37 (functin) structure that is als beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made f glass and aluminium (鋁). These sepals pen n warm days 38 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cld weather, the structure stays 39 (clse) t prtect the plants.
Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse 40 (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr 41 first time. These plants included mdern Western 42 (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel. The garden als cntains a winding path that guides visitrs thrugh the twelve regins f the Silk Rad. The path ffers ver 300 plant species fr visitrs t see, t.
The Glasshuse stands 43 a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute 44 brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the 45 (rich) f gardening in England.
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
假設(shè)你是李華，你校近期要舉行演講比賽，請以你的經(jīng)歷寫一篇“Music has helped me”為題的演講稿進(jìn)行參賽。寫作要點(diǎn)如下：1。介紹你所經(jīng)歷的困難；2.音樂對你的影響。
注意：
1.詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Having held the interschl (校際) stry tell g champinship fr the past tw years, I was the shining star f my schl. When it came t chsing the right candidate (候選人) t participate in such cmpetitins, I was always the first chice. Naturally, I was nce again selected t represent my schl in the appraching cntest this year.
Upn hearing the fact that I was chsen again, my classmates and friends acknwledged that I wuld undubtedly be the champin again. Cnsequently, I became cnceited (自負(fù)的). I was s prud that I ignred the imprtance f practicing fr the cntest.
A week befre the cntest, my teacher Ms. Sara asked, “Selena, wuld yu like t stand in frnt f the class t rehearse (排練) fr the cntest?” She had tutred me in the past tw cmpetitins and knew hw imprtant practice was. “Just imagine yu are n the stage
in the audience,” she added.
“I’m srry, Ms. Sara,” I replied. “I have a bit f a sre thrat.”
This was usually the lie I wuld tell whenever my teacher requested me t practice in frnt f the class. I always fund excuses t avid ding it because I believed that I was the best and therefre the practice was unnecessary. On ne ccasin, I event ld Ms. Sara nt t wrry t much as I was well prepared fr the cntest. In fact, I did everything but practice my script (講稿) .I nly managed t glance briefly thrugh the stry the day befre the cntest. As the best stryteller amng the students f the lcal secndary schls, I was t vain t practice and expected everything t be fine.
The cntest was being held in the lcal cmmunity hall. On the day f the cntest, the hall was crwded with peple. My schlteachers and principal were there alng with many f my classmates and schlmates. I was the eighth cntestant ut f twenty in ttal. Thse wh spke befre me did extremely well. On seeing their fascinating and utstanding perfrmance, I began t lse cnfidence in myself. My palms (手掌) sweated heavily and I started t feel nervus.
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Sn it was my turn t talk.
Finally, I heard the results annunced after the cntest and felt sad.
高一英語答案
D
D
3．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇廣告，主要講述了灰發(fā)的可能原因，以及如何預(yù)防和治療灰發(fā)的方法。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Pssible reasns fr this happening: ·genetics ·lng-term dieting ·lack f prtein and nutrients ·extreme mental and emtinal stress ·lack f irn, cpper, zinc, and Vitamin B12”（可能的原因包括：遺傳、長期節(jié)食、缺乏蛋白質(zhì)和營養(yǎng)、極端的精神和情緒壓力、缺乏鐵、銅、鋅和維生素B12）可推知，早期出現(xiàn)灰發(fā)的可能原因是蛋白質(zhì)和營養(yǎng)不足。故選D。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“She recmmends yearly scalp check-ups shuld be as rutine as annual medicals.”（她建議每年進(jìn)行一次頭皮檢查，就像每年的體檢一樣。）可推知，Padmaja Redekar博士最有可能推薦的是每年進(jìn)行一次頭皮檢查。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“At HairMantra, yu will receive expert advice with slutins fr yur whle lifestyle, prducts and supplements fr yur hair prblems, and a hair care rutine t use at hme. Call us tday and balance yur hair health frm the inside ut,” Padmaja adds.（在HairMantra，你將得到專家的建議，解決你的整個(gè)生活方式，產(chǎn)品和補(bǔ)充劑解決你的頭發(fā)問題，以及在家使用的頭發(fā)護(hù)理程序。今天就打電話給我們，從內(nèi)到外平衡你的頭發(fā)健康，Padmaja補(bǔ)充道。）可推知，這篇文章可能來自于一個(gè)廣告。故選C。
4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了王海軍，一位65歲的自行車修理工，如何通過自學(xué)和不懈的努力，最終登上了《中國詩詞大會》的舞臺，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的詩歌夢想。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Once, he heard in a radi prgram that a disabled girl wrte sme excellent pems. Encuraged by the stry, Wang began t write his wn pems n the back f the package paper f the tires with a pencil. (有一次，他聽到廣播節(jié)目中說一個(gè)殘疾女孩寫了一些非常好的詩。受這個(gè)故事的鼓舞，王開始用鉛筆在輪胎包裝紙的背面寫自己的詩。)”可知，他開始寫詩是受到了廣播中一位殘疾女孩的鼓舞，故選D項(xiàng)。
5．詞句理解題。在第五段中“because he never imagined that peple wuld appreciate the pems written by a bicycle repairer. (因?yàn)樗麖奈聪脒^會有人欣賞一個(gè)自行車修理工寫的詩)”，描述的是王海軍最初對被邀請參加《中國詩詞大會》的反應(yīng)，他認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)騙局，畢竟他自己只是一名普通的修理工。因此，“fraud”在這里的意思是“騙局”，故選B項(xiàng)。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Petry belngs t everyne. Even a bicycle repairer like me can still dream abut such a petic life. (詩歌屬于每個(gè)人。即使是像我這樣的自行車修理工，仍然可以夢想這樣一個(gè)詩意的生活。)”及整篇文章可知，王海軍雖然是一個(gè)自行車修理工，但他對詩歌的熱愛和追求，以及他通過自己的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的故事，體現(xiàn)了他的樂觀和決心。故選C項(xiàng)。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Wang Haijun, 65 in 2017, was brn in Inner Mnglia, and he lved reading since he was little. (王海軍，2017年時(shí)65歲，出生在內(nèi)蒙古，從小就熱愛閱讀。)”以及全文可知，通過王海軍的故事，我們可以學(xué)到，無論年齡多大，無論職業(yè)如何，只要有夢想并為之努力，就有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。這與選項(xiàng)A It’s never t late t learn. (活到老，學(xué)到老)相呼應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。
8．D 9．D 10．C 11．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了紅隊(duì)測試的目的、存在的問題以及研究人員如何通過機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)改進(jìn)紅隊(duì)測試的方法
8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“T prevent this and ther safety issues, cmpanies that build large language mdels typically safeguard them using a prcess called red-teaming.”（為了防止這種和其他安全問題，構(gòu)建大型語言模型的公司通常使用一種叫做紅隊(duì)測試的過程來保護(hù)它們。）可推知，紅隊(duì)測試的目的是防止AI造成安全問題。故選D。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“But this nly wrks effectively if engineers knw which txic (有害的) prmpts t use. If human testers miss sme prmpts, which is likely given the number f pssibilities, a chatbt regarded as safe might still be capable f prducing unsafe answers.”（但只有在工程師知道該使用哪種有毒提示符的情況下，這種方法才有效。如果人類測試者錯(cuò)過了一些提示(考慮到可能性的數(shù)量，這是很可能的)，一個(gè)被認(rèn)為安全的聊天機(jī)器人可能仍然有能力給出不安全的答案。）可推知，人類測試者的紅隊(duì)可能會遺漏一些有害的提示符。故選D。
10．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Nt nly des their methd significantly imprve the cverage f inputs being tested cmpared t ther autmated methds, but it can als draw ut txic respnses frm a chatbt that had safeguards built int it by human experts.”（與其他自動化方法相比，他們的方法不僅顯著提高了被測試輸入的覆蓋率，而且還可以從一個(gè)由人類專家內(nèi)置的安全措施的聊天機(jī)器人中得出有害的反應(yīng)。）可知，第五段主要講述了新方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選C。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“‘Our methd prvides a faster and mre effective way t d this quality assurance,’ says Zhang Weihng, a lead authr f a paper n this red-teaming apprach.”（“我們的方法提供了一種更快、更有效的方式來進(jìn)行這種質(zhì)量保證，”這篇關(guān)于紅隊(duì)測試方法的論文的主要作者張偉宏說。）可推知，張偉宏認(rèn)為這種方法是成功的。故選C。
12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)鼓勵(lì)了人們自我表達(dá)的現(xiàn)象。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thе bk Human as Media gives us a vivid picture f this explsin f authrship. (Human as Media一書為我們生動地描繪了這種創(chuàng)作熱潮。)”可知，作者提到了Human as Media這本書是為這種創(chuàng)作熱潮提供證據(jù)。故選B項(xiàng)。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Online, they can find all the infrmatin available t humankind and frm their wn pinin abut anything. This has cmpletely changed sciety. But what disturbs mst is the new technlgical ability f the large number f peple t express themselves. (在網(wǎng)上，他們可以找到人類可用的所有信息，并對任何事情形成自己的看法。這完全改變了社會。但最令人不安的是，大量的人有了表達(dá)自己的新技術(shù)能力。)”可知，社交媒體提供了一個(gè)自我表達(dá)的平臺。故選B項(xiàng)。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But with this great service cmes great risks. Thse self-expressins are expsed t sme extent unseen befre. Unprepared and unhesitating judgments regarding smene’s persnal matters r public affairs increase incredibly. Persnal becmes public and public becmes persnal. (但這項(xiàng)偉大的服務(wù)也伴隨著巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這些自我表達(dá)在某種程度上暴露出來，這是以前從未見過的。對某人的個(gè)人事務(wù)或公共事務(wù)毫無準(zhǔn)備和毫不猶豫的判斷令人難以置信地增加。個(gè)人的變成了公共的，公共的變成了個(gè)人的。)”可以推知，作者認(rèn)為自我表達(dá)有巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，作者對自我表達(dá)的態(tài)度是消極的。故選C項(xiàng)。
15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Mre than 4.85 billin peple have access t the Internet. Online, they can find all the infrmatin available t humankind and frm their wn pinin abut anything. This has cmpletely changed sciety. But what disturbs mst is the new technlgical ability f the large number f peple t express themselves.(超過48.5億人可以使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。在網(wǎng)上，他們可以找到人類可用的所有信息，并對任何事情形成自己的看法。這完全改變了社會。但最令人不安的是，大量的人有了表達(dá)自己的新技術(shù)能力。)”可知，本文主要講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)鼓勵(lì)了人們自我表達(dá)的現(xiàn)象。A“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)鼓勵(lì)自我表達(dá)”符合主題，故選A項(xiàng)。
16．G 17．C 18．F 19．B 20．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了過度訓(xùn)練的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
16．根據(jù)下文“But the truth is, smetimes the very acts we d t get healthy can actually push us past ur physical limits.(但事實(shí)是，有時(shí)我們?yōu)榱私】刀龅氖虑閷?shí)際上會讓我們超越身體的極限)”可知，選項(xiàng)與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明人們關(guān)于高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動隊(duì)健康的一般看法。故G選項(xiàng)“我們通常認(rèn)為有規(guī)律的高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動對我們的健康有益?！鼻蓄}。故選G項(xiàng)。
17．根據(jù)上文“Specifically, vertraining is a set f signs that ccur when yur bdy is nt able t recver sufficiently befre ging int yur next wrkut.(具體來說，過度訓(xùn)練是當(dāng)你的身體無法在下一次鍛煉前充分恢復(fù)時(shí)出現(xiàn)的一系列跡象)”以及下文“Peple tend t ignre them.(人們往往會忽略它們)”可知，跡象出現(xiàn)的較為緩慢。故C選項(xiàng)“問題是，它們的出現(xiàn)非常緩慢”切題。故選C項(xiàng)。
18．根據(jù)上文“If yur wrkut slightly ges beynd yur current ability, it will adapt tward what yu did in a psitive way.(如果你的鍛煉稍微超出了你目前的能力，它會以一種積極的方式適應(yīng)你所做的)”可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明鍛煉嚴(yán)重超出了你目前的能力，會導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。故B選項(xiàng)“如果鍛煉嚴(yán)重超出了你目前的能力，需要更長的時(shí)間來適應(yīng)，并可能導(dǎo)致受傷?！鼻蓄}。故選B項(xiàng)。
19．根據(jù)下文“Yur bdy uses the nutrients yu have given it during the rest time. especially sleep, t strengthen.(你的身體會利用你在休息時(shí)間給它的營養(yǎng)，尤其是要加強(qiáng)睡眠)”可知，要給恢復(fù)留出時(shí)間。故B選項(xiàng)“留出恢復(fù)的時(shí)間也很重要”切題。故選B項(xiàng)。
20．根據(jù)上文“One f the best ways t prevent vertraining is t fcus n yur mrning resting heart rate.(防止過度訓(xùn)練的最好方法之一是關(guān)注你的晨間靜息心率)”及下文“Generally, yu will detect an increase in yur heart rate befre the ther signs shw up.(一般來說，在其他跡象出現(xiàn)之前，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)心率的增加)”可知，心率很容易測量和跟蹤。故A選項(xiàng)“它很容易測量和跟蹤”切題。故選A項(xiàng)。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．A 35．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一次在火車上偶遇了一個(gè)年輕的中國男子，在交談中發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人見多識廣、自學(xué)成才，是一個(gè)令人欽佩的人。
21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在中國西北部的塔克拉瑪干沙漠邊緣坐了20個(gè)小時(shí)的火車時(shí)，其間我與一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘环N謙卑、有教育意義的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，這是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；B. encunter邂逅；C. cmpetitin比賽；D. appintment任命。根據(jù)后文“with a lcal that all travelers lng fr”指作者和當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘淮蚊烂畹腻忮?。故選B。
22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向我走來。A. treated對待；B. saved拯救；C. lectured演講；D. apprached靠近。根據(jù)后文“me n the train”以及后文兩人交談，可知一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向作者走來。故選D。
23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會練習(xí)我的中文。A. true真的；B. s-called所謂的；C. new新的；D. lng-lst很久不見的。根據(jù)上文“A yung Chinese man”可知，兩人是在火車上認(rèn)識的，所以是新朋友。故選C。
24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會練習(xí)我的中文。A. chance機(jī)會；B. advice建議；C. truble麻煩；D. right權(quán)利。根據(jù)后文“t practice my Chinese”可知，作者抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會練習(xí)中文。故選A。
25．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)里，他會告訴我他是如何參加了一個(gè)為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。A. visited拜訪；B. financed提供資金；C. attended參加，上(學(xué))；D. funded成立。根據(jù)后文“a tw-year prfessinal schl”可知，指這個(gè)年輕人去上了一個(gè)為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校。故選C。
26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)里，他會告訴我他是如何參加了一個(gè)為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打掃；C. checking檢查；D. guarding守衛(wèi)。根據(jù)后文“highways in rder t help supprt his family”可知，年輕人修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。故選A。
27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，也許最值得注意的是這個(gè)人每天在辛苦的體力勞動之后花幾個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)。A. typical典型的；B. bvius顯然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根據(jù)后文“this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.”可知，這個(gè)人每天在辛苦的體力勞動之后花幾個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)，這是最值得注意的品質(zhì)。故選D。
28．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他會眼都不眨地引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話，然后再詢問美國作家對文學(xué)的整體影響。A. publish出版；B. qute引用；C. cpy復(fù)制；D. dwnlad下載。根據(jù)后文“a translated Emersn passage”指引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話，故選B。
29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他會眼都不眨地引用翻譯過的愛默生的一段話，然后再詢問美國作家對文學(xué)的整體影響。A. writers作者；B. histrians歷史學(xué)家；C. wrkers工人；D. students學(xué)生。根據(jù)上文“a translated Emersn passage befre asking abut the literary influence f American”以及后文“And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs?(你們對俄羅斯作家有什么了解？)”可知，年輕人對美國和俄羅斯的作家感興趣。故選A。
30．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“你們對俄羅斯作家有什么了解？”我記得他曾經(jīng)問過。A. anticipate預(yù)期；B. imagine想象；C. recall記起；D. catch抓住。根據(jù)后文“him asking at ne pint”可知，作者在回憶年輕人提過的問題。故選C。
31．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：對于這位從未離開過家鄉(xiāng)幾百英里的公路建設(shè)者，我很容易憑空想象。A. lk int調(diào)查；B. rely n依靠；C. g ver復(fù)習(xí)；D. deal with處理。根據(jù)后文“my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme”可知，年輕人從來沒有離開過離家?guī)装儆⒗锏牡胤?，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假設(shè)對他進(jìn)行判斷。故選B。
32．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但這位見多識廣、自學(xué)成才、令人欽佩的人阻止了我這么做。A. well-behaved行為端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted熱心的；D. self-educated自學(xué)的。呼應(yīng)上文“this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.(這個(gè)人每天在繁重的體力勞動之后花幾個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí))”，指這個(gè)年輕人的自學(xué)能力。故選D。
33．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里，他向我展示了帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，并愿意與來自各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏溃瑫卸嗝创蟮氖斋@。A. asked詢問；B. warned警告；C. shwed展示；D. prmised承諾。根據(jù)后文“me just hw much ne can gain frm”指年輕人通過自己向作者展示了一個(gè)人可以從開放的心態(tài)和愿意與各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝私煌蝎@得多少收獲。故選C。
34．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里，他向我展示了帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，并愿意與來自各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏?，會有多么大的收獲。A. traveling旅行；B. reading閱讀；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教學(xué)。根據(jù)后文“with an pen mind, and a willingness t”結(jié)合作者當(dāng)時(shí)在乘火車旅行，所以是指帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，故選A。
35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里，他向我展示了帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，并愿意與來自各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏?，會有多么大的收獲。A. cperate合作；B. side邊；C. negtiate協(xié)商；D. engage參與。根據(jù)后文“with lcals frm all walks f life”指和各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏?，?yīng)用短語engage with表示“與……接觸”。故選D。
36．engineering 37．functinal 38．t give 39．clsed 40．walks 41．the 42．favrites 43．a(chǎn)s 44．which/that 45．richness
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目——一個(gè)位于國家信托基金會伍爾貝丁花園邊緣的動態(tài)溫室，并詳細(xì)描述了該溫室的設(shè)計(jì)、功能、以及它如何與絲綢之路的歷史和絲綢之路花園相結(jié)合。
36．考查名詞。句意：最新的工程技術(shù)被用來創(chuàng)造一個(gè)同樣美麗的保護(hù)功能結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知，空處考查短語engineering techniques，意為“工程技術(shù)”，符合句意。故填engineering。
37．考查形容詞。句意：最新的工程技術(shù)被用來創(chuàng)造一個(gè)同樣美麗的保護(hù)功能結(jié)構(gòu)?？仗幮揎椕~structure，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語functinal，符合題意。故填functinal。
38．考查非謂語動詞。句意：溫室在溫暖的日子里開放，利用液壓系統(tǒng)為內(nèi)部植物提供陽光和通風(fēng)。此處作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故填t give。
39．考查形容詞。句意：然后在寒冷的天氣里，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)保持關(guān)閉，以保護(hù)亞熱帶植物?？仗幱糜趕tays之后作表語，應(yīng)用形容詞clsed，表示“緊閉的”，符合題意。故填clsed。
40．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：此外，圍繞溫室的絲綢之路花園帶領(lǐng)游客走過一段受古絲綢之路影響的旅程。walk sb. thrugh，意為“帶領(lǐng)某人穿過……”，空處為本句謂語動詞，根據(jù)上文可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語the Silk Rute Garden為單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填walks。
41．考查冠詞。句意：亞洲和歐洲之間的貿(mào)易路線第一次為英國帶來了絲綢、香料和許多植物。固定搭配：fr the first time，意為“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
42．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：這些植物包括現(xiàn)代西方最受喜愛的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favrite是可數(shù)名詞，意為“特別受喜愛的東西”，根據(jù)空后such as rsemary, lavender and fennel可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填favrites。
43．考查介詞。句意：這座溫室是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的巔峰之作，位于追溯絲綢之路的道路盡頭，將中國西南的植物容納其中，將這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英格蘭，定義了英格蘭園藝的豐富性。根據(jù)句意可知，空處指的是“作為”，應(yīng)用介詞as。故填as。
44．考查定語從句。句意：這座溫室是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的巔峰之作，位于追溯絲綢之路的道路盡頭，將中國西南的植物容納其中，將這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英格蘭，定義了英格蘭園藝的豐富性?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞design，先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)從句。故填which/that。
45．考查名詞。句意：這座溫室是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的巔峰之作，位于追溯絲綢之路的道路盡頭，將中國西南的植物容納其中，將這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英格蘭，定義了英格蘭園藝的豐富性。冠詞修飾名詞，應(yīng)用名詞形式richness，作介詞f的賓語。故填richness。
【點(diǎn)睛】
46．Sn it was my turn t talk. Facing the crwd, I fund myself suffering frm stage fright. I spke nervusly and even stuttered a few times as I frgt parts f the stry. My legs trembled and s did my vice. On seeing my terrible perfrmance, the judges shk their heads. The supprters frm my schl lked at me in disappintment. I had never been s embarrassed in my life. In the end, I walked ff the stage, with my eyes filled with tears.
Finally, I heard the results annunced after the cntest and felt sad. I did nt win any prizes, which was nt surprising at all. I felt rather ashamed when I faced my classmates and f curse, Ms. Sara. I regretted my flish behavir. On the fllwing day, I went t visit Ms. Sara and aplgized. Ms. Sara held my hands, seriusly saying, “It’s OK. But frm this, yu shuld learn that pride ges befre a fall and that practice makes perfect.” I ndded my head and prmised t keep this experience as a life-lng reminder.
【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者狂妄自大認(rèn)為自己的演講已經(jīng)很好了，在比賽前不練習(xí)，當(dāng)他看到其他優(yōu)秀的比賽選手后開始擔(dān)心最終失敗的故事。
【詳解】1. 段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“很快，輪到我上場了?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者在演講中的具體表現(xiàn)。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“最后，比賽結(jié)果公布了?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫作者聽到結(jié)果后的心情和吸取到的教訓(xùn)。
2. 續(xù)寫線索：上場——演講——結(jié)束——公布結(jié)果——后悔羞愧——感悟
3. 詞匯激活
行為類
①結(jié)巴：stammer/speak withut fluency
②顫抖：be all f a tremble/shake
③后悔：repent f/regret
④低估：think prly f/underestimate
情緒類
①尷尬：be embarrassed abut/awkward
②羞愧：ashamed/abashed
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Facing the crwd, I fund myself suffering frm stage fright.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)
[高分句型2]I spke in an expressinless vice and even stuttered a few times as I frgt parts f the stry.(as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句)
[高分句型3]I felt ashamed when I faced my classmates and f curse, Ms. Sara.(when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句)