人教版高考英語一輪復習語法專題1第3講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件

這是一份人教版高考英語一輪復習語法專題1第3講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件，共51頁。PPT課件主要包含了內(nèi)容索引，情境導入，考點解讀，技法圖解，考點達標檢測，不得不，客觀需要，主觀看法，were，would+動詞原形等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1.情態(tài)動詞Lucy is an utging lady.She can①play many kinds f musical instruments.Actually,she culd② play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has t③ d sme sprts because she must④ keep slim.“Yu shall⑤ get fat sn if yu dn’t take exercise every day.” She usually says t her friends.As fr her,an elegant lady shuld⑥try t keep fit.Hwever,last week,she fund that she might⑦ put n weight and she was wrried and decided t lse weight.And these days she is always thinking that she may⑧ succeed sn if she tries all her best.Hwever,she is always lacking in time because she ught t⑨ take care f her children.
One night after supper,she walked quickly in rder t g dancing at the Tmrrw Park but she was late.On her way,she thught that the dancing must have begun⑩,and the cach culd have taught r shwn? many new mves. She was afraid that her friends might have left? befre she gt there.She was regretful then.She shuld have had? supper earlier,r she culd have taken? a taxi,and indeed she needn’t have taken? a bath in advance.When she reached the park finally,she fund nbdy was there.She remembered suddenly that it had been reprted n the radi that there wuld be a heavy rain that night.
1.①can和句②culd表　　　　　,意為“　　　　　　”。?2.③have t 表示“　　　　　　”。強調(diào)　　　　　　　。④must表　　　　　　,強調(diào)說話者的　　　　　　　。?3.⑤shall用于第　　　　人稱,表示說話人給對方　　　　　　。?4.⑥shuld ⑨ught t表示“　　　　　　”。?5.⑧may ⑦might 表示　　　　　　　　,意為“　　　　　　”。?6.⑩must have dne?culd have dne?might have dne表示對過去所做事的　　　　　　。?7.?　　　　　　　　　　　??　　　　　　　　　　　??　　　　　　　　　　　表示對過去所做事(沒做的事)責備、后悔。?
shuld have dne
culd have dne
needn’t have dne
2.虛擬語氣My deskmate,Mary,treats me as if she were①my sister.She is nice but fat. If she were nt s fat,she wuld lk② like a super mdel.Last year,a dctr advised that she (shuld) eat③mre vegetables and fruits.He als made a suggestin that she (shuld) wrk ut④ regularly.Besides,he insisted that she (shuld) walk⑤ t schl.If she had fllwed the dctr’s advice,she wuld nt be⑥s fat nw.In ther wrds,if the dctr had persuaded her t d s,she wuld nt have becme⑦verweight.?
This mrning,Mary’s mther bught her a new dress.It was really nice. But after she tried it n,she culdn’t help shuting,“If nly I were⑧a little thinner! Hw I wish I hadn’t eaten⑨ s much junk fd befre!” Were I Mary,I wuld make⑩a weight lss plan.If I became verweight in the future,I wuld d? sprts every day.Nw it is high time that she changed?her lifestyle.Withut a healthy lifestyle,she wuldn’t be? able t lse weight.I wuld rather she went?swimming with me,but she insists that water sprts are?nt suitable fr her.S it is necessary that she (shuld) walk?t schl.?
1.根據(jù)句①可知,as if引導方式狀語從句,與現(xiàn)在事實相反時,從句謂語動詞用過去式,be動詞一律用　　　　　　。?
2.(1)根據(jù)句②可知,表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設,if從句的謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞一律用were),主句的謂語用　　　　　　　　　　　　。?(2)根據(jù)句⑦可知,表示與過去事實相反的假設,if從句的謂語動詞用　　　　　　　,主句的謂語用wuld have+過去分詞。?(3)根據(jù)句?可知,表示與將來事實相反的假設,if從句的謂語動詞用　　　　　　,主句的謂語用wuld+動詞原形。?(4)句⑥為錯綜時間條件句,本句的虛擬條件句與　　　　　　相反,主句與　　　　　　相反。?(5)根據(jù)句⑩可知當省略if時,需要將　　　　　　　　　,shuld,had提到主語前,即部分倒裝。?(6)根據(jù)句?可知本句為　　　　　　引起的含蓄條件句,可轉(zhuǎn)換為if從句。
3.(1)根據(jù)句③句⑤可知,在advise,insist(堅決主張)等動詞后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用“　　　　　　　　　　　　”。?(2)根據(jù)句?可知,insist意為“　　　　　　”時,賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。?(3)根據(jù)句⑨可知,wish后的賓語從句表示過去的情況時,從句謂語用　　　　　　　　。?(4)根據(jù)句?可知,wuld rather后的賓語從句中,謂語常用　　　　　來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r。?4.根據(jù)句④可知,suggestin后的同位語從句中,從句用“　　　　　　　　　”。
(shuld+)動詞原形
5.根據(jù)句?可知,在“It is+necessary+that...”句型中,謂語動詞用“　　　　　　　　　　　”。?6.根據(jù)句⑧可知,if nly引導的感嘆句中,用虛擬語氣表示愿望。與現(xiàn)在事實相反時,謂語動詞用過去式,be動詞一律用　　　　　　。?7.根據(jù)句?可知,在“It is high time+that從句”中,謂語動詞常用　　　　表示虛擬語氣。?
考點1 情態(tài)動詞一、情態(tài)動詞的5個基本用法(一)表示能力1.表示現(xiàn)在的能力:can,am/is/are able t。2.表示將來的能力:will be able t。3.表示過去的能力:culd表示過去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able t表示過去有能力做而且成功地做了。I’m ging t Eurpe n vacatin tgether with Jhn if I can have enugh mney.如果我有足夠的錢,我將和約翰一起去歐洲度假。
(二)表示可能和推測1.表示肯定:can表示客觀上的可能,意為“有時會”;may/might/culd表示可能;must表示一定;shuld/ught t表示應該。2.表示否定:can’t/culdn’t表示不可能;may nt/might nt表示可能不;shuldn’t/ughtn’t t表示應該不會。3.表示疑問:can/culd表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。It is usually warm in my hmetwn in March,but it can be rather cld smetimes.在我的家鄉(xiāng),三月份通常很暖和,但有時也會很冷。
(三)表示提出請求、建議、發(fā)出指示、許可、禁止、義務、責任1.請求對方允許時用May/Can/Culd 主動提出幫忙或提出建議時用Shall 提出請求、問題、看法時用Will/Wuld 或Shall t表示義務或建議,意為“應該”,shuldn’t/ughtn’t t表示不應該。5.may/can表示允許、許可。6.must表示必須,mustn’t表示禁止。7.shall與第二、三人稱連用,用于陳述句,表示命令、警告、允諾、威脅;當宣布法律、規(guī)定時也常用shall。One f ur rules is that every student shall wear schl unifrm while at schl.(規(guī)定)我們的其中一項規(guī)定是每位學生在校期間必須穿校服。
(四)表示必要性1.must d sth表示主觀上認為“必須做某事”;have t d sth表示因客觀環(huán)境或事態(tài)促使而“不得不做某事”。2.needn’t/dn’t have t表示“不必”。Yu needn’t get the machine repaired this week.I wn’t need it until next mnth.這周你不必請人修理機器,我到下個月才用。
(五)表示愿望、決心will/wuld可與各種人稱連用,表示主語的意志或決心。will表示意愿時其否定形式為wn’t,通常用于有生命體,但有時也用于無生命體,這時把無生命體擬人化了。—Why hasn’t the ck arrived yet tday?—She just wn’t cme fr such a lw salary.——為什么今天廚師還沒來?——這么低的薪水她不愿意來了。
小題快練 單句寫作1.安吉拉與西蒙進行了辯論,試圖說服他改變主意,但西蒙不愿意聽。Angela reasned with Simn,trying t persuade him t change his mind,but Simn 　　　　　　　　　　　　.?2.你不必道歉;任何人都可能遲到。過來坐下。Yu 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　;it can happen t anybdy t be late.Cme and sit dwn.?3.如果您能考慮我的建議,我將不勝感激。I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　if yu culd cnsider my suggestin.?
wuld nt listen t her
dn’t have t aplgize
wuld appreciate it
4.在這種情況下,如果說有什么話題最需要避免,那一定就是大家的收入。Under the circumstances,if there is any tpic that mst needs aviding,it 　 .?5.我奶奶已經(jīng)七十多歲了,但她仍然可以不戴眼鏡看書。My grandma is ver seventy,but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
must be peple’s incme
she can still read withut glasses
二、情態(tài)動詞的6種特殊用法1.can/culd的否定式與比較級連用表示最高級。2.can/culd的否定式與enugh或t(much)連用表示“再……也不為過”。3.must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑問句或條件狀語從句。4.may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。5.wuld可表示過去的習慣,與used t相比,前者常表示過去反復的動作,后者常表示過去的狀態(tài)或習慣現(xiàn)在已不復存在。
6.shuld有時表示說話人對某事感到意外、驚奇,意為“竟然會”。I can’t thank him t much.我再怎么感謝他也不為過?！狹ust yu interrupt nw?Can’t yu see I’m n the phne?—Srry,sir,but it’s urgent.——你非得現(xiàn)在打斷我嗎?你沒看見我在打電話嗎?——對不起,先生,我有急事。If yu think the price f beef is t high,yu may as well buy sme prk.It’s up t yu.如果你認為牛肉的價格太高,你不妨買些豬肉。這取決于你。He wuld get up early when he was in the cuntry.他住在鄉(xiāng)下時常常早起。
小題快練 單句寫作1.做實驗時你越仔細越好。Yu 　　　　　　　　　　　　when ding experiments.?2.就我個人而言,你最好抓住這個機會,否則一旦錯過就再也不會得到另外一個機會了。(seize)Persnally I think yu 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,r yu’ll prbably never get anther nce yu miss it.?3.我們很驚訝,他對實驗結(jié)果的預測竟然如此準確。(precise)We are surprised that his predictin abut the experiment result 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
can nt be t careful
may as well seize the chance
shuld be s precise
三、“情態(tài)動詞+have dne”的2類用法(一)對過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進行推測
(二)表示“與過去事實相反”
We culd have faced the difficulty tgether,but why didn’t yu tell me?我們本來可以一起面對困難,但是你為什么不告訴我?Mark needn’t have hurried.Driving at tp speed,he arrived half an hur early.馬克本不必著急。他開得飛快,早到了半小時。
小題快練 單句語法填空1.Yur cusin 　　　　　　　　have enjyed his trip in Jixian Cunty,didn’t he?He lks amazingly different.?2.The spkesman did nt regret what he had said at the cnference but felt that he culd 　　　　　　　　　　(express) it indirectly.?3.This 　　　　　　have been an imprvement,but “breakthrugh” was an verstatement.?4.I’m nt feeling well in the stmach.I shuldn’t 　　　　　　　　　　(eat) s much fried chicken just nw.?5.Yu ught t 　　　　　　　　　　　　(cme) t the party yesterday,but why didn’t yu cme??
have expressed
考點2 虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的應用
If he had time nw,he wuld/shuld/culd/might g with yu.要是他現(xiàn)在有時間,他會和你一起去的。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)If yu had cme a few minutes earlier,yu wuld/shuld/culd/might have met the famus singer.如果你早來幾分鐘,你就會見到那個著名歌手了。(與過去事實相反)If it were t snw/shuld snw/snwed this evening,they wuld/shuld/culd/might nt g ut.如果今天晚上下雪,他們就不會出去。(與將來事實相反)
[名師點津]三種特殊的虛擬條件從句(1)省略if的虛擬語氣在if虛擬條件句中,若省略if,則將shuld,were,had前置,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝句式。Had I wrked harder,I wuld have succeeded.如果我當時努力學習的話,我就會成功的。(2)錯綜時間條件句主、從句表示時間不一致時,主句和從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)實際的時間概念來定。If she had fllwed the dctr’s wrds,she wuld feel better nw.如果當初她聽從了醫(yī)生的建議,現(xiàn)在就會好多了。
(3)含蓄條件句有時假設條件不通過條件從句表達,而是隱含在某些短語、連接詞中,如withut...,but fr,therwise,r等。Withut music (=If there were n music),the wrld wuld be dull.世界若無音樂將會很枯燥。
二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句以及其他句式中的應用1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣在“It is+imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity +that...”句型中,謂語動詞用(shuld+)動詞原形。It’s vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重要的是我們應該認真對待我們在路上的安全駕駛。
2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)動詞wish后的賓語從句。表示現(xiàn)在的情況,從句謂語用過去式;表示過去的情況,從句謂語用過去完成時;表示將來的情況,從句謂語用“wuld/shuld/culd/might+動詞原形”。I wish I were ten years yunger nw.我希望我現(xiàn)在年輕十歲。I wish I had met him yesterday.我昨天能遇到他就好了。I wish I wuld be a scientist in the future.我希望將來成為科學家。
(2)在表示請求、建議、命令、要求等動詞后的賓語從句中,謂語用“shuld+動詞原形”,shuld可省略。這類動詞有suggest,recmmend,insist,rder,require,advise,demand,cmmand,ask,request,prpse等。He suggested that we (shuld) be there in time.他建議我們及時到那兒。[名師點津]①suggest意為“表明,暗示”時,賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。②insist意為“堅持說”時,賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。The man insisted that he had never stlen mney.這人堅持說他沒有偷錢。
(3)在wuld rather后的賓語從句中,謂語常用過去式來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r,用過去完成式表示過去的情況。I wuld rather yu tld me the truth.我寧愿你跟我講真話。I wuld rather yu had been present then.我倒愿意你當時在場。
3.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在 suggestin,prpsal,rder,plan,idea,request,advice 等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞構(gòu)成是“(shuld+)動詞原形”。He gave rders that the guests (shuld) be hspitably entertained.他命令要熱情款待客人。(2)as if,as thugh引導的表語從句和方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣,與現(xiàn)在事實相反用一般過去時;與過去事實相反用過去完成時。She lks as if nthing had happened t her.她看起來好像什么事情都沒有發(fā)生過一樣。[名師點津]如果從句中描述的事情可能會發(fā)生,那么從句可用陳述語氣。
4.固定句式中的虛擬語氣(1)在“It is (abut/high) time+that從句”中,謂語動詞常用過去式表示虛擬語氣。It’s high time that we devted urselves t envirnmental prtectin.是我們致力于環(huán)境保護的時候了。(2)if nly引導的感嘆句中,用虛擬語氣表示愿望。Lk at the truble we’re in.If nly we had taken ur teacher’s advice!看看我們所處的困境,要是我們接受老師的建議就好了!
小題快練 單句語法填空1.I was busy finishing my paper that day.Otherwise I 　　　　　　　　(g) there with them.?2.If he 　　　　　　　　(listen) t the teacher attentively yesterday,he wuld knw the answer t the prblem nw.?3.Had yu studied harder at cllege,yu 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(get) a better jb nw.?4.Hw I wish I 　　　　　　　　　　　　(nt,try) t repair the cellphne! I nly made it wrse.?
wuld have gne
had listened
wuld/culd get
hadn’t tried
5.My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life 　 　　 (encurage) t finance the prject with their deeper lve fr these children.?6.Sme animals are in danger f dying ut,s it is high time that the gvernment 　　　　(take) sme measures t prtect endangered animals.?
(shuld) be encuraged
【例1】 Yu 　　　　　　　never be t careful while driving.Yu knw, many traffic accidents result frm carelessness.?分析:結(jié)合第一條注意可知,句中be為原形,因此需考慮用情態(tài)動詞。cannt/can “無論……也不過分”,為固定短語。【例2】 He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday,r I 　　　 　　(knw) nthing abut it.?分析:結(jié)合第二條注意可知,句中r為標志詞,此處表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,故應用wuld have knwn。
wuld have knwn
Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2024廣東六校模擬) The inscriptin(碑文)recrded the prcess f building the King f Medicine Temple in the cunty during the reign f Emperr Kangxi and 　　　　　　(describe) the grand ccasins f temple fairs and humanistic stries at that time.?2.(2024湖南長沙一中模擬) China’s mdernizatin prcess ver the past fur decades 　　　　　　　　(create) a new cntext where there is a partnership between the ancient and mdern,generating smething new and genuine.?3.(2024山西呂梁模擬) The 2023 Chinese Language Day　　 　　　(celebrate) under the theme f “Chinese Wisdm fr a Green Wrld” by the UN.?
has created
was celebrated
4.(2024廣東湛江模擬)The bk,Chinese Spirit in Mvies:The Cinematic Tales Tld t Children,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(prepare) and written ver a perid f three years,accrding t Huang Huilin,an experienced prfessr at the university wh acted as the chief editr f the bk.?5.(2024黑龍江齊齊哈爾模擬)In 2016,tw villagers 　　　　　　　(bite) by wild pigs in Qianshan,Anhui Prvince.?6.(2024吉林長春東北師大附中模擬)Behind Zib’s sudden fame 　　　(be) the effrts and services f the lcal gvernment,as well as a gd reputatin f lcal businesses,which receive favrable reviews frm visitrs wh share their experiences nline.?
had been prepared/was prepared
were bitten
7.(2024河南焦作模擬) In 2010,Pinnick mved all the way t Wudang frm the US when he was just 20 years ld and 　　　　　　 (frm) a deep cnnectin with Wudang,martial arts and traditinal Chinese culture ever since.8.(2024湖南長沙一中模擬)This new technlgy 　　　　　　(be) as imprtant then as the Internet is tday fr spreading knwledge and cmmunicatin.?9.The suggestin that the new rule 　　　　　　　　　　　　(develp) came frm the chairman.?10.It is high time that yu 　　　　　　　(cnsider) that if there were n stress in yur life,yu wuld achieve a little.?
(shuld) be develped
Ⅱ.語法與寫作1.(2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷,讀后續(xù)寫)第二天,我在頒獎典禮上被授予了獎項和證書。(一般過去時的被動語態(tài))2.(2023全國乙卷,書面表達)我感到很自豪,我和我的父母分擔了家務,這也表明我長大了。(過去完成時)3.(2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷,應用文寫作) 萬一可能的話,我真的希望你能考慮一下我的建議。(虛擬語氣)
The next day,I was presented with my award and a certificate at the ceremny.I felt s prud that I shared husewrk with my parents,which als shwed I had grwn up.Shuld it be pssible/If it shuld be pssible,I truly hpe yu can take my suggestins int cnsideratin.
4.(2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷,應用文寫作) 對你的面試定在周日上午9點,希望你談談如何提高中國學生的英語溝通能力。(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))5.(2021全國乙卷,應用文寫作)《青年》成立于10年前,一直深受學生歡迎。(現(xiàn)在完成進行時)
The interview with yu is scheduled at 9 n Sunday mrning and yu are expected t talk abut hw t imprve the Chinese students’ cmmunicatin skills in English.Funded 10 years ag,Yuth has been enjying great ppularity amng students.
Ⅲ.語法填空(謂語動詞專練)My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1. 　　　　　　(remind) me f myself.In the past,I 2.　　　　　　(be) never cnfident because f my appearance.Peple always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed.Hwever,smene tld me smething that I will always remember.?It was in March.Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3.　　　　　(pint) at me and laughed at me,I culdn’t help crying.The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river.T my surprise,smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.?
I then knew it was ur English teacher,Miss Li.She said.“Yu 4.　　　　　　(be) perfect the way yu are.Yu shuld never change r hate yurself.Peple 5.　　　　　　(accept) yu fr wh yu 6.　　 　(be).But if yu cannt accept yurself,then hw will ther peple accept yu?” I 7. 　　　　　　　　　(inspire) by her wrds.Over the past few mnths,I 8.　　　 　　(learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws. Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9.　　　　　　(lve) me fr wh I am.?Nw,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.　　　　　　(tell) me.?
will accept
was inspired
have learned/learnt
解析 【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過自己的經(jīng)歷告訴自己的朋友Kaiya:做人要自信,要相信自己。1.reminds　根據(jù)第一句的時態(tài)可推知本空應該用一般現(xiàn)在時,又因為主語為第三人稱單數(shù),故答案為 reminds。2.was　根據(jù)語境中的In the past 可知設空處用一般過去時,故答案為 was。3.pinted　根據(jù)后面的laughed 可知設空處為 pinted。4.are　本句為直接引語,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。5.will accept　結(jié)合下文的“then hw will ther peple accept yu”可知答案為 will accept。6.are　由上下文語境可知應填are。