名詞性從句是指起名詞作用的從句。例如:
·I like what I see.
(和所有分句一樣,名詞性分句有一個(gè)主語 subject和一個(gè)動詞verb。在本例中,該分句的主語是 "I" 動詞是"see.")
·I knw that patience has its limits.
(在這個(gè)例子中,分句的主語是 "patience",動詞是 "has.")。
將上面的兩個(gè)例子與下面的例子進(jìn)行比較:
·I like innvatin.
·I knw peple.
粗體字都是名詞nuns。這證明前兩個(gè)例子中陰影部分的分句從語法功能上來看就是名詞。
很多名詞性從句都以 "that"、"hw "或 "wh"開頭(即 "what"、"wh"、"which"、"when"、"where "或 "why")。例如:
·I knw that it happened.
·I knw hw it happened.
·I knw why it happened.
二、如何檢查從句是否用作名詞
檢查短語或分句是否用作名詞的一個(gè)好方法是嘗試將其替換為代詞(replacing it with a prnun)。如果你能做到,那么你的短語或分句就具有名詞的功能。
·What I say is true.
(代詞測試Prnun test:"It is true." 這證明"What I say" 從語法功能上來看是名詞。)
·Shw me hw they wrk.
(代詞測試Prnun test:"Shw me them." 這證明"hw they wrk" 從語法功能上來看是名詞。)
三、名詞性從句的簡單示例
下面是一些名詞性從句的簡單示例。在每個(gè)例子中,名詞性從句用陰影表示,從句的主語用粗體表示,名詞性從句的動詞用下劃線表示。
·I knw that the stry is true.
·I saw hw the accident happened.
·I understand why it was necessary.
·I knw wh said that.
(通常,開頭詞(即 "hw"、"that "或 "wh")是名詞性從句的主語)。
四、名詞性從句的功能(Functin )
與任何名詞一樣,名詞性從句可以是主語 subject、賓語 bject或補(bǔ)語cmplement。下面是一些名詞性從句作為主語、賓語和補(bǔ)語的簡單例子。
·Whever smelt it dealt it.
(這里,名詞性從句是主語subject)。
·My cmmand is whatever yu wish.
(這里,名詞性從句是主語補(bǔ)語subject cmplement)。
·I will give what yu said sme thught.
(此處,名詞性從句是間接賓語indirect bject。)
五、名詞性從句舉例
在一個(gè)句子中sentence,名詞性從句是一個(gè)從屬性從句dependent clause。換句話說,名詞性從句不能獨(dú)立成為一個(gè)完整的思想。
·Ask yur child what he wants fr dinner nly if he's buying.
(該名詞性從句是"ask."的直接賓語 direct bject。)
·I never knw hw much f what I say is true.
(該名詞性從句是介詞的賓語 bject f a prepsitin。)
·Man is what he eats.
(這個(gè)名詞性從句是主語補(bǔ)語 subject cmplement。)
在名詞性從句的開頭選擇正確的 "wh "和 "whm"。
"Wh"是動詞的主語。而"Whm"不是。"whever "和 "whmever "也是一樣。
·My relatinships are between me and whmever I'm with.
(這里,"whmever "是介詞 "with "的賓語 bject)。
·My relatinships are between me and whever is interested.
(這里,"whever "是動詞 "is "的主語subject。注意,分句 "whever is interested"是介詞 "between,"的賓語bject,但這并不意味著"whever" 變成了"whmever"。如果你的 "whever "是動詞的主語subject,那么 "whever "而不是 "whmever "才是正確的)。
六、使用名詞性從句的目的(Purpses)
√ 禮貌地詢問信息(聽起來比直接提問更有禮貌。)
Please tell me where yu wrk.
√ 表示不確定(uncertainty)或不知道。
I knw whse she this it.
√ 報(bào)告信息
She says that she is nt ging t marry anyne until 35.
√ 用從句(subjunctives)表示緊迫性(urgency)、可取性(advisability)、必要性(necessity)和可取性(desirability)。
It is imprtant that everyne pay attentin t ur plitics.
七、名詞性從句的種類
A- That-從句
a- 陳述句(Statement)
- 肯定陳述(Psitive statements)
1.He visited me last year.
2.Being a teacher is wnderful.
- 否定陳述(Negative statements)
1.She didn't cme here yesterday.
2.A nun clause isn't easy t understand.
b- “that”從句:that +statement → that-clause("that"經(jīng)常省略)
● (That)+一個(gè) psitive statement(肯定陳述句)
● (That)+一個(gè) negative statement(否定陳述句)
c- 引導(dǎo)動詞(Intrductry verbs):單及物動詞和雙及物動詞:
● say ● knw ● dream ● knw ● acknwledge ● believe ● remember ● cnfess ● declare ● demand ● imagine ● deny ● expect ● cmplain ● fear ● hpe ● shw ● wnder ● suggest ● prpse ● think ● understand ● ntice ● recgnize
d- 如何從陳述句構(gòu)成名詞性從句
B- 特殊疑問詞Wh/h-Wrds 從句
a- Wh/h-Wrds
Where /when /why /what /which /wh /whm /whse /hw
b- 如何從 Wh/h-wrds 問句形成名詞性從句
C- 是否If/Whether-從句
如何用yes/n Questins構(gòu)成名詞性從句
注意(Nte):
a) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)(Sentence structure)
Can yu please tell me whether (r nt) yu culd help me?
I was wndering whether yu culd help me (r nt)
I was wndering if yu culd help me(r nt).
b) 位置(Psitins)
Whether (r nt) she is cming is unknwn.
Whether she is cming (r nt) is unknwn.
● If-clause作為名詞性從句不能作動詞的主語,只有whether-clause可以。
c) 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(Punctuatin)
1.I was wndering if yu culd help me.
● 在句子(1)中,它不是疑問句,因此必須使用句號。
2.Can yu tell me if yu can help me, please?
● 在句子(2)中,它是一個(gè)疑問句,因?yàn)樗灾鷦釉~開頭。因此,必須使用問號。
八、名詞性從句的功能
-> 以下是名詞性從句的不同功能
1)名詞性從句用作動詞的主語
a.What yu are ding seems very difficult.
b.Hw the prisner escaped is a cmplete mystery.
c.That she lves rats is nt true.
注意:
● 當(dāng) "that-clause "作為動詞的主語時(shí),"that "不能省略。
● 當(dāng) "名詞性從句 "作主語時(shí),搭配一個(gè)單數(shù)動詞。
2)名詞性從句用作動詞的直接賓語(direct bject)
a.Jhn said (that) he was pleased t welcme ur friends.
b.N ne knws where he is hiding himself.
c.I dn't understand why she ften gets bad-tempered.
注意:
● 當(dāng) "that-clause "用作動詞的賓語時(shí),"that "可以省略。
● 沒有 "that",意思不受影響。
3)名詞性從句用作動詞的間接賓語(indirect bject)
a.I tld him (that) he must wrk harder.
b.The lessn taught him (that) hnesty is the best plicy.
c.He gave him what he prmised t give.
4)名詞性從句用作介詞(prepsitin)的賓語
a.They always laugh at what she says.
b.She des nt pay attentin t what I am explaining her
c.I can't think f what I shuld d next.
5) 名詞性從句作系動詞(linking verb)的補(bǔ)語
a.The fact is that he tries s hard t pass his exam.
b.It seems that he always lies t me.
c.That is why heis disappinted.
6)與名詞對應(yīng)的名詞性從句
a.The fact that the prisner was guilty was plain t everyne.
b.The news that we are ging t have a day ff tmrrw is real.
c.The plan that we are ging t have a picnic tmrrw is cancelled.
注意:
● 名詞和that-clause語法功能上是相同的。
·The fact is the prisner was guilty.
·The news is we are ging t have a day ff tmrrw.
·The plan is we are ging t have a picnic tmrrw.
● 如果名詞和that-clause不同,但that-clause修飾或描述名詞,它就是形容詞從句(即定語從句),而不是名詞從句。
1.The fact that the prisner was guilty was plain t everyne.(名詞性從句nun clause)
2.The fact that yu are telling me sunds true.( 形容詞性從句adj clause )
3.The news that we are ging t have a day ff tmrrw is real.(名詞性從句nun clause)
4.The news that is being reprted n TV has shcked everyne.( 形容詞性從句adj clause)
5.The plan that we are ging t have a picnic tmrrw is canceled.( 名詞性從句nun clause )
6.The plan that I made yesterday is canceled.( 形容詞性從句 adj clause)
7)名詞性從句與形式主語“l(fā)t”相對等。
a.It is clear that he psted a letter.
b.It is clear that he is inncent.
c.It is a pity that he missed a train.
d.It is true that nun clause is nt easy t understand.
注意:
● 主語 "It "和that-clause互指。
● 這意味著我們可以用名詞性從句來代替形式主語 "It"。
1.It is clear that he psted a letter
That he psted a letter is clear.
2.It is clear that he is inncent
That he is inncent is clear.
3.It is a pity that he missed a train.
That he missed a train is a pity.
4.It is true that nun clause is nt easy t understand.
That nun clause is nt easy t understand is true.
8)名詞性從句作為形容詞的補(bǔ)語。
a.I am sure that he will cme.
b.I am srry that yur brther is ill.
c.I am afraid that this srt f bk is ut f stck.

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