一、閱讀理解
Gd evening everyne!
I hpe t pick yur brain n ptential advertising strategies and gaining new custmers fr my byfriend’s car repair shp.
He has been in business fr 3 years and is fairly successful, but we are trying t increase the number f chargeable hurs. While he was ding repair wrk, I tk ver all the administrative duties. The first thing n my t-d list was t get him n scial media. I was flred that he had n scial media presence, which is nt surprising cnsidering he is ld schl.
Nw, he has a business Facebk page and an Instagram accunt, althugh it may nt be wrth much yet. We are wrking n a weekly “feature” fr bth platfrms in rder t create sme interest.
He desn’t want t d cupns (優(yōu)惠券) r discunts r anything like that, and I understand why. His labr rate is already significantly lwer than anyne else in the area, and his verall csts are lwer as well. This is where I am a bit lst—hw can we effectively attract mre custmers withut a hk? My guess wuld be fcusing n the value, but I’m nt sure hw well that will wrk ut.
We are cnsidering sending pstcards as well since he already cperates with a few lcal shps wh send their large jbs t him and such. Hwever, I am unsure abut Facebk marketing, but definitely pen.
1.What was scheduled first t prmte business?
A. Wrking ut a weekly feature.B. Increasing chargeable hurs.
C. Establishing his presence nline.D. Visiting his ld schl.
2.Hw might they attract new clients?
A. By raising labr rates.B. By ffering discunts and cupns.
C. By cutting verall csts.D. By highlighting the value f services.
3.What is the purpse f the text?
A. T ffer infrmatin.B. T seek advice.
C. T shw advantages.D. T find cperatin.
There was n way t escape when they sptted a plar bear. Verena Mhaupt and a handful f clleagues were trapped n a flating sea ice while the bear gazed at them, smelling the air, a dangerus sign.
“That’s when everything kicks in,” Mhaupt says, “and yu fcus n what’s imprtant.” As a clleague fired int the sky as a warning sht, Mhaupt radied their research ship a few kilmetres away, whse helicpter luckily arrived quickly and Mhaupt didn’t have t use the gun that was hanging ver her shulder.
Keeping a lkut fr bears was a regular duty fr Mhaupt, the lgistics crdinatr(后勤協(xié)調(diào)員) fr a year-lng missin knwn as the MOSAiC——the largest Arctic research explratin in histry. The prject, cnsisting f rughly 300 scientists, led by scientist MarkusRex, has cllected massive measurements that will help better frecast hw warming will transfrm the glbe in the cming decades. Fr mnths, the explratin perated in cnstant darkness while plar bears wandered nearby, strms rcked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked. Then, when the Sun returned, the ice began t melt, creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare fr researchers wh needed t keep their instruments frm sinking.
Tasked with the security f the missin, Mhaupt designed an extensive training curse fr the participants in which they learnt hw t avid the danger, like strm-rcking and ice-cracking. They jumped int a Nrwegian channel in their survival suits and climbed ut f the freezing waters using nly their ice picks. They learnt hw t escape frm a crashed helicpter. And they discussed the psychlgical effects f being far frm hme. Mhaupt brught knitting equipment, yga mats and a vilin fr their men tal health——althugh having been prepared fr the islatin.
Mhaupt didn’t expect a career in plar regins, but says she has always been drawn t the nrth. “She was there t make sure that we were prtected,” says Markus Rex, “Mhaupt is certainly the champin in the field.”
4.Why des the authr mentin a plar bear in the beginning?
A. T shw the threat f bears.B. T tell an interesting stry.
C. T intrduce Mhaupt’s jb.D. T describe the plar scenery.
5.What can we knw frm paragraph 3?
A. The wrking cnditins were tugh.
B. Mhaupt helped t cllect massive data.
C. The explratin went n in ttal darkness.
D. Mhaupt’s duty was t prtect plar bears.
6.Which f the fllwing best describes Mhaupt?
A. Ambitius and brave.B. Passinate and dependent.
C. Cnsiderate and mdest.D. Prfessinal and respnsible.
7.What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. A Ptential Danger in the Explratin.
B. A Guardian Angel f Plar Researchers.
C. A Great Scientific Explratin in Histry.
D. A Great Female Scientist in Plar Research.
Chances are yu’ve heard the phrase “l(fā)ike a mth t a flame”——and prbably seen it in actin at a nighttime fire r barbecue, t. It turns ut, hwever, this age-ld saying may nt be quite right. Rather than being attracted t light, mths’ tendency t fly tward brightness is a behaviral respnse t help them determine which way is up, suggests a new study published in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins.
T avid falling dwn t the grund, insects need t knw which way is up, says study cauthr Yash Sndhi, a Natinal Gegraphic Explrer. Withut systems t maintain spatial (空間的) rientatin, the brightness f the sky, even at night, has always been a strng indicatr f “up”——until artificial lights came alng. If they mess that up, they start plummeting.
Sndhi and a team f researchers set up experiments t investigate hw different lights influence flight behavir. First, the researchers suspended a light bulb frm a rpe between tw trees—resembling a typical dwnward-pinting light—and in a separate test, they turned the light upward by munting it n a tripd (三腳架). In bth cases, insects leaned their winged backs t the bulb. But when the light was pinted up, the insects ften bumped t the grund.
What if the light is spread ver a wide area? The researchers stretched a large white sheet acrss the tree and prjected a UV light n it. If the insects were truly “attracted” t the light, they shuld fly up tward it. Instead, the insects cruised (巡航) straight thrugh this illuminated crridr, flying hw they wuld during the day. The team then placed the sheet n the grund and shined the light n it, which is when smething truly dd happened: All these mths flying ver it turned upside dwn and crashed ut f the sky. Directinality f light is a huge factr in the pattern we have seen, nt just brightness r clr.
“Artificial lights may cause a mismatch between the insect’s sense f which way is up and true directin f gravity, which spells truble fr insects ppulatin.” says Sndhi.
8.What can be inferred abut “l(fā)ike a mth t a flame” in the new study?
A. A mth is generally attracted by a flame.
B. Artificial lights are valuable fr a mth.
C. Brightness indicates up fr a mth.
D. A mth has a sense f directin.
9.What des the underlined wrd “plummeting” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Crashing.B. Speeding.C. Freezing.D. Suspending.
10.What lights influence insects mst in the experiments?
A. UV lights n the tree.B. Upward-pinting lights.
C. Dwnward-pinting lights.D. Lights f different clrs.
11.What is Sndhi’s attitude tward artificial lights?
A. Cncerned.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Neutral.
Wuld yu rather watch a new mvie, r an ld favrite? Wuld yu rather try a dish yu’ve never had at a restaurant, r stick with smething yu knw yu’ll like? Researchers studying the “mere expsure effect” have fund that we ften prefer the familiar ver the nvel.
Peple didn’t need t experience a reward r psitive utcme while arund the bject—simply being expsed t the bject wuld be enugh t make peple like it. T test this, scial psychlgist Rbert Zajnc had participants read wrds in a freign language ut lud and varied hw ften participants read each wrd (up t 25 repetitins). Next, after reading the wrds, participants were asked t guess at the meaning f each wrd by filling ut a rating scale (indicating hw psitive r negative they thught the meaning f the wrd was).
He fund that participants liked wrds that they had said mre ften, while wrds that participants hadn’t read at all were rated mre negatively, and wrds that had been read 25 times were rated highest. Just the me re expsure t the wrd was enugh t make participant s like it mre.
One place where the mere expsure effect ccurs is in advertising. It explains why seeing the same advertisement multiple times culd be mre cnvincing than just seeing it nce. Of curse, there’s a cautin here: the mere expsure effect desn’t happen fr things we initially dislike. Researchers have fund that ur liking fr a variety f things (including pictures, sunds, fds, and smells) can be increased with repeated expsure, suggesting that the mere expsure effect isn’t limited t just ne f ur senses. Additinally, researchers have fund that the mere expsure effect ccurs in studies with human research participants as well as in studies with nn-human animals.
Anther key finding frm this analysis was that participants eventually started t like bject s less after many repeated expsures. In ther wrds, a smaller number f repeated expsures will make yu like smething mre—but, if the repeated expsures cntinue, yu culd eventually get tired f it.
12.What is the key factr in Rbert Zajnc’s test?
A. Frequency.B. Preference.C. Originality.D. Achievement.
13.Which f the fllwing is an example f mere-expsure effect?
A. We favr an advertisement at the first sight.
B. A student jined in the club because f lve.
C. We are mre cnvinced f what we met befre.
D. A student read as many English wrds as pssible.
14.What can we learn abut “mere expsure effect” accrding t paragraph 4?
A. It is the result f advertising.B. It has nthing t d with animals.
C. It is true f what we dislike at first.D. It can be applied t multiple senses.
15.What is the text mainly abut?
A. Mre lve because f mre expsures.
B. The study n mere expsure effect.
C. Better results frm the earlier expsures.
D. The applicatin f mere expsure effect.
二、七選五
16.The Pwer f Peers
D birds f a feather really flck tgether? Peple d tend t chse friends wh are similar t them. Many behavirs spread scially. Activities in certain brain areas change when ther peple are arund. ① Yu can use the pwer f scial relatinships t gain healthier habits — and mtivate thers t d the same.
② Teens are especially respnsive t peer influence. At the same time, the reward system in the teen brain becmes extra sensitive. Teens are just learning t explre the scial wrld. Understanding ther peple’s values and being influenced by them are imprtant parts f scializing.
A research shws that even just having anther peer arund can change the reward respnse in the brain and als the risk-taking tendencies f teenagers. Sme peple seem t be mre easily influenced than thers and mre sensitive t feeling included r excluded by thers. ③ But it’s als a time that peer influence can help teens thrive if it gets them mre invlved with their cmmunity r helps them learn behavirs t get alng with thers.
It’s the quality f friendships — nt quantity — that really makes the difference. Friendships yu feel yu want t let g f may be lw quality. ④ High quality friendships prvide understanding, supprt, and recgnitin f yur self-wrth. These types f friendships are mre steady and satisfying.
Spending time with friends can be especially helpful fr peple. Nticing that ur behavir is influenced by ther peple, we can be intentinal and try t fcus n the peple wh are ding the things we want t get int urselves. ⑤
A. Adlescence is such a risky perid.
B. That can affect what yu chse t d.
C. Peer pressure can smetimes lead t cmpetitin.
D. Peple care abut what thers think acrss all different age grups.
E. They are linked t pr academic perfrmance and behaviral issues.
F. Sharing yur healthy habits culd als make a real difference t thers.
G. The number f friends yu have determines yur level f scial influence.
三、完形填空(15空)
Matthew Weihmuller, a blind jazz instructr, has been teaching peple f different abilities in Tampa fr 10 years. He has 1 perfrmance at using his disability as a teaching tl. One f his teaching methds is t take away ne f the five 2 , requiring perfrmers t lean mre heavily n thers.
“Smething that I d is 3 the lights. They have t listen and 4 their instrument with their fingers and hands. In this way, the students 5 the material better in the dark,” explained Weihmuller.
Being blind has never stpped Weihmuller frm seeking his 6 fr music. When he started playing, he 7 braille (布萊葉盲文) sheet music, and pieces wuld take mnths, even years t learn. 8 , few prfessinals were capable f prviding this music then, s he 9 t “braille” his wn, all the way thrugh cllege. And his 10 paid ff. His nt being able t see and read traditinal sheets f music has allwed him t 11 his ther senses, which is ne f the main 12 he’s s talented at playing jazz music and the 13 that cmes with it.
As an educatr with blindness, Weihmuller 14 turning any disadvantage int an advantage. He hpes that he can 15 thers t deal with their barriers and challenges in the same way that he has. And when they leave his classrm they’re nt nly better musicians but better peple.
17.A. independentB. utstandingC. entertainingD. rdinary
18.A. skillsB. chancesC. respnsibilitiesD. senses
19.A. take verB. put awayC. turn ffD. break up
20.A. feelB. searchC. studyD. perfrm
21.A. enjyB. realizeC. recgnizeD. learn
22.A. curageB. passinC. spiritD. cncern
23.A. affrdedB. recmmendedC. demandedD. presented
24.A. MreverB. InsteadC. MeanwhileD. Otherwise
25.A. happenedB. refusedC. failedD. managed
26.A. servicesB. effrtsC. prmisesD. beliefs
27.A. refuseB. abandnC. perfectD. cmplete
28.A. reasnsB. resultsC. functinsD. purpses
29.A. inventinB. revlutinC. intrductinD. innvatin
30.A. regretsB. emphasizesC. ignresD. imagines
31.A. amuseB. allwC. inspireD. persuade
四、短文填空
32.As scial media has skyrcketed in ppularity in the past years, ① (it) lightning-fast develpment has caused public cncern. Overusing may lead t many serius prblems, such as mental health prblems, ② (reduce) learning time and pr interpersnal quality. Mre and mre kids f all ages are experiencing unease, anxiety and even depressin if they’re separated frm their phnes. YuTube basts (吹噓) many “funny” vides f kids lsing their temper when screens ③ (take) away. S it’s imprtant t keep a balance between ur life n the screen ④ that in the real wrld.
Trying these unplugged Ds may help. First, set a schedule t put adults, teens and kids back tgether with family, friends and neighbrs ⑤ persn. Yu can try bard games instead f vide games. Secnd, get utside ⑥ (regular) t d hide-and-seek, plant a garden, r just sit and watch the birds. ⑦ (build) ur relatinship with nature increases ur peace, psitivity and well-being, ⑧ brings much benefit. Third, get ff the chair r s fa t walk, bike, stretch and dance! Remind yur bdy it can mve int ther ⑨ (psitin) besides “Lking at Screen”. Last, practice mindfulness and acceptance. Mindfulness is the act f paying attentin t the present mment, withut judgment. Acceptance increases peace within us, unlike scial media interactin, which ⑩ (prmte) self-judgment and ther-judgment.
五、書面表達
33.學(xué)校英語俱樂部正在舉辦線上論壇。本期主題是 Einstein的名言“Try nt t becme a man f success, but rather try t becme a man f value.”。請你用英語寫一篇短文參與網(wǎng)上發(fā)帖活動, 內(nèi)容包括:
1.解釋這句話的含義;
2. 給合事例談一下你的理解。
注意:
1. 寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Being a persn f value
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六、讀后續(xù)寫
34.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
It was the secnd day I left my lvely hmetwn fr the city t live with my grandfather, wh was taking me t the supermarket fr the first time.
“I frgt. Yu’ve never seen a supermarket befre, have yu?”
I shk my head, indicating indifference t the surrundings.
“Imagine it like this,” Grandfather said, “This stre’s speaking t yu. It is telling yu sme f the new things that yu’ve never learned.” I did nt understand.
“A trading pst in a remte twn nly shws yu a small part f the wrld. This stre speaks f a wrld that is a very big place.”
“S I shuld just frget my rts, is that it?” Angry and upset, I was expressing my reluctance t live here.
“Abslutely nt. Carry it with yu, s that yu may freely navigate in bth wrlds, big and small.”
Ignring wrds frm him, my gaze fell n a wman selecting sme green apples. I thught s what if it’s a big wrld, but I’d rather purchase whatever in a trading pst fr they nly stcked ne type f apples, at least all ripe!
Nticing the expressins n my face, Grandfather chuckled. He gracefully walked ver t the table where the green apples were and selected half a dzen.
“Yu’ll get a stmachache if yu cnsume green apples,” I said.
Grandfather appeared as thugh he was ging t laugh again, but he didn’t.
There was n wrd any mre. I fllwed him while Grandfather filled the cart with ur necessities, encuntering numerus new items. I was burning t ask him what thse strange fds were, and what their flavrs and rigins were. Hwever, I kept it in my mind that I was suppsed t be bred and uninterested in anything, thus, keeping silent all the way.
As we exited the supermarket, Grandfather was smiling as if he understd sme private jkes. Abut halfway back, he gestured fr me t stp, bending ver t find the plastic bag.
注意:
1. 續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為 150 左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Paragraph 1: He picked ut a green apple.
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Paragraph 2: With his wrds in mind I culdn’t help taking a bite, t. _
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參考答案
1.答案:C
解析:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“The first thing n my t-d list was t get him n scial media. I was flred that he had n scial media presence, which is nt surprising cnsidering he is ld schl. (我要做的第一件事就是讓他上社交媒體。我很驚訝他沒有社交媒體,考慮到他是一個守舊的人,這并不奇怪。)”和第四段“Nw, he has a business Facebk page and an Instagram accunt, althugh it may nt be wrth much yet. We are wrking n a weekly “feature” fr bth platfrms in rder t create sme interest. (現(xiàn)在,他有了一個商業(yè)Facebk頁面和一個Instagram賬戶,盡管它可能還不值錢。我們正在為這兩個平臺每周推出一個“特色”,以引起人們的興趣。)”可知,作者首先安排了在網(wǎng)上建立男朋友的形象來促進業(yè)務(wù)。故選C。
2.答案:D
解析:細節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段中“This is where I am a bit lst—hw can we effectively attract mre custmers withut a hk? My guess wuld be fcusing n the value, but I’m nt sure hw well that will wrk ut. (這是我有點困惑的地方—我們?nèi)绾卧跊]有鉤子的情況下有效地吸引更多客戶?我的猜測是關(guān)注價值,但我不確定這能有多好。)”可知,他們通過強調(diào)服務(wù)的價值吸引新客戶。故選D。
3.答案:B
解析:推理判斷題。通讀全文,尤其是由文章第二段“I hpe t pick yur brain n ptential advertising strategies and gaining new custmers fr my byfriend’s car repair shp. (我希望就潛在的廣告策略和為我男朋友的汽車修理店爭取新客戶向你請教。)”可知,這篇文章的目的是尋求建議。故選B。
4.答案:C
解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Keeping a lkut fr bears was a regular duty fr Mhaupt, the lgistics crdinatr(后勤協(xié)調(diào)員) fr a year-lng missin knwn as the MOSAiC—the largest Arctic research explratin in histry.” (Mhaupt是一名后勤協(xié)調(diào)員,負責(zé)為期一年的MOSAiC任務(wù),這是歷史上最大的北極研究探險。) ,并結(jié)合前兩段對遇到北極熊時,Mhaupt應(yīng)對方式的描述可知,作者在開頭提到北極熊,是為了介紹Mhaupt的工作內(nèi)容。故選C。
5.答案:A
解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Fr mnths, the explratin perated in cnstant darkness while plar bears wandered nearby, strms rcked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked. Then, when the Sun returned, the ice began t melt, creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare fr researchers wh needed t keep their instruments frm sinking.” (幾個月來,探險一直在黑暗中進行,北極熊在附近游蕩,風(fēng)暴搖晃著船,冰在移動和破裂。然后,當(dāng)太陽返回時,冰開始融化,對需要防止儀器下沉的研究人員來說,這是一場危及生命的危險和噩夢。) 可知,探險工作的條件非常惡劣。故選A。
6.答案:D
解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Tasked with the security f the missin, Mhaupt designed an extensive training curse fr the participants in which they learnt hw t avid the danger, like strm-rcking and ice-cracking.” (為了確保任務(wù)的安全,Mhaupt為參與者設(shè)計了一個廣泛的培訓(xùn)課程,讓他們學(xué)習(xí)如何避免危險,比如風(fēng)暴搖晃和冰裂。) 和“They learnt hw t escape frm a crashed helicpter. And they discussed the psychlgical effects f being far frm hme. Mhaupt brught knitting equipment, yga mats and a vilin fr their men tal health—althugh having been prepared fr the islatin.” (他們學(xué)會了如何從墜毀的直升機中逃生。他們還討論了遠離家鄉(xiāng)的心理影響。Mhaupt帶來了編織設(shè)備、瑜伽墊和一把小提琴,以幫助他們的人保持心理健康—盡管他們已經(jīng)為隔離做好了準備。) 可知,Mhaupt有著過硬的專業(yè)知識和技能,對工作認真負責(zé)。故選D。
7.答案:B
解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““She was there t make sure that we were prtected,” says Markus Rex, “Mhaupt is certainly the champin in the field.”” (“她在那里確保我們受到保護,”Markus Rex說,“Mhaupt無疑是這個領(lǐng)域的冠軍?!? 和全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了Mhaupt這名負責(zé)歷史上最大的北極研究探險隊安全任務(wù)的優(yōu)秀的后勤協(xié)調(diào)員,她是保護北極探險隊成員的天使。故選B。
8.答案:C
解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Rather than being attracted t light, mths’ tendency t fly tward brightness is a behaviral respnse t help them determine which way is up, suggests a new study published in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins.(發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的一項新研究表明,蛾類向明亮方向飛行的傾向不是被光吸引,而是一種行為反應(yīng),幫助它們確定向上的方向)”以及第二段的“T avid falling dwn t the grund, insects need t knw which way is up, says study cauthr Yash Sndhi, a Natinal Gegraphic Explrer.(該研究的合著者、國家地理探險家Yash Sndhi說,為了避免摔倒在地,昆蟲需要知道哪條路是向上的)”可知,昆蟲需要知道哪條路是向上的,而光能夠幫助它們確定向上的方向。由此可推知,在新的研究中,“飛蛾撲火”意味著光能夠暗示飛蛾向上飛。故選C。
9.答案:A
解析:詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Withut systems t maintain spatial (空間的) rientatin, the brightness f the sky, even at night, has always been a strng indicatr f “up”—until artificial lights came alng. (沒有系統(tǒng)來維持空間方向,即使在晚上,天空的亮度也一直是“向上”的強烈指示—直到人造燈出現(xiàn))”可知,飛蛾不能辨別方向,天空的亮度一直指示著它向上飛行。人造燈的出現(xiàn)讓他們出現(xiàn)了混亂,所以看到燈光,他們就會撞上去。所以劃線單詞的意思為“碰撞”。故選A。
10.答案:B
解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“First, the researchers suspended a light bulb frm a rpe between tw trees—resembling a typical dwnward-pinting light—and in a separate test, they turned the light upward by munting it n a tripd (三腳架). In bth cases, insects leaned their winged backs t the bulb. But when the light was pinted up, the insects ften bumped t the grund.(首先,研究人員將一個燈泡懸掛在兩棵樹之間的繩子上—類似于典型的向下指向的燈—在另一項測試中,他們將燈泡安裝在三腳架上,將其向上轉(zhuǎn)動。在這兩種情況下,昆蟲都把它們的翅膀背靠在球莖上。但當(dāng)光線指向上方時,昆蟲經(jīng)常會撞到地上)”可知,向上指示的光線最能影響昆蟲。故選B。
11.答案:A
解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后第一段““Artificial lights may cause a mismatch between the insect’s sense f which way is up and true directin f gravity, which spells truble fr insects ppulatin.” says Sndhi.(“人造光可能會導(dǎo)致昆蟲對向上方向和真實重力方向的感覺不匹配,這給昆蟲種群帶來了麻煩。”Sndhi說)”可推知,Sndhi對人造光對昆蟲的影響是擔(dān)心的。故選A。
12.答案:A
解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“T test this, scial psychlgist Rbert Zajnc had participants read wrds in a freign language ut lud and varied hw ften participants read each wrd(up t 25 repetitins). (為了驗證這一點,社會心理學(xué)家Rbert Zajnc讓參與者大聲朗讀一門外語中的單詞,并改變參與者閱讀每個單詞的頻率 (最多重復(fù)25次) )?!笨芍?,Rbert Zajnc測試的關(guān)鍵因素是頻率。故選A。
13.答案:C
解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Researchers studying the “mere expsure effect” have fund that we ften prefer the familiar ver the nvel. (研究“曝光效應(yīng)”的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),我們往往更喜歡熟悉的東西,而不是新奇的東西。)”可知,C選項“我們更相信以前遇見的”是曝光效應(yīng)的例子。故選C。
14.答案:D
解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Researchers have fund that ur liking fr a variety f things(including pictures, sunds, fds, and smells) can be increased with repeated expsure, suggesting that the me re expsure effect isn’t limited t just ne f ur senses. (研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),我們對各種事物 (包括圖片、聲音、食物和氣味) 的喜愛程度可以通過反復(fù)接觸而增強,這表明重復(fù)接觸效應(yīng)并不局限于我們的一種感官。)”可知,“曝光效應(yīng)”可以應(yīng)用于多種感官。故選D。
15.答案:B
解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Wuld yu rather watch a new mvie, r an ld favrite? Wuld yu rather try a dish yu’ve never had at a restaurant, r stick with smething yu knw yu’ll like? Researchers studying the “mere expsure effect” have fund that we ften prefer the familiar ver the nvel. (你想看一部新電影,還是老電影? 你是寧愿嘗試你從未在餐館吃過的菜肴,還是堅持吃你知道你會喜歡的東西? 研究“曝光效應(yīng)”的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),我們往往更喜歡熟悉的東西,而不是新奇的東西。)”結(jié)合本文介紹了曝光效應(yīng),即一種我們會偏好自己熟悉的事物心理現(xiàn)象。本文闡述了曝光效應(yīng)的提出,應(yīng)用以及原理??芍?,這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是曝光效應(yīng)的研究。故選B。
16.答案:BDAEF
解析:①上文“Peple d tend t chse friends wh are similar t them. (人們確實傾向于選擇與自己相似的朋友)”和“Activities in certain brain areas change when ther peple are arund. (當(dāng)其他人在身邊時,某些大腦區(qū)域的活動會發(fā)生變化)”講志趣相投的朋友在身邊,你的某些大腦區(qū)域的活動會發(fā)生變化,該空應(yīng)該承接上文講發(fā)生變化后會產(chǎn)生什么樣的結(jié)果,才能引出下文“Yu can use the pwer f scial relatinships t gain healthier habits — and mtivate thers t d the same. (你可以利用社會關(guān)系的力量來養(yǎng)成更健康的習(xí)慣,并激勵他人也這樣做)”講人們可以選擇利用此類社會關(guān)系的力量改變自己、于自己有益, B選項“這會影響你的選擇?!鼻泻险Z境。故選B項。
②由下文“Teens are especially respnsive t peer influence. (青少年對同伴的影響特別敏感)”和常識可知,人敏感是因為在意別人的看法,結(jié)合下文出現(xiàn)了“青少年”,該空應(yīng)該引出各年齡階段都會有因在意別人看法而變得敏感的人的內(nèi)容,D選項“不同年齡段的人都關(guān)心別人的想法。”切合語境。故選D項。
③由上文“A research shws that even just having anther peer arund can change the reward respnse in the brain and als the risk-taking tendencies f teenagers. Sme peple seem t be mre easily influenced than thers and mre sensitive t feeling included r excluded by thers. (一項研究表明,即使身邊有另一個同伴,也會改變大腦中的獎勵反應(yīng),以及青少年的冒險傾向。有些人似乎比其他人更容易受到影響,對被他人包容或排斥的感覺更敏感)”可知,青少年有冒險傾向,易受影響,對被他人包容或排斥的感覺更敏感,這都是在講青少年時期不好的地方,A選項“青春期是一個非常危險的時期?!鼻泻险Z境,與下文“But it’s als a time that peer influence can help teens thrive if it gets them mre invlved with their cmmunity r helps them learn behavirs t get alng with thers. (但如果同伴的影響能讓青少年更多地參與社區(qū)或幫助他們學(xué)習(xí)與他人相處的行為,那么同伴的影響也能幫助他們茁壯成長)”講青少年也能成為積極力量形成對比。故選A項。
④結(jié)合下文“High quality friendships prvide understanding, supprt, and recgnitin f yur self-wrth. These types f friendships are mre steady and satisfying. (高質(zhì)量的友誼提供對自我價值的理解、支持和認可。這些類型的友誼更穩(wěn)定、更令人滿意)”描述了什么是高質(zhì)量的友誼,可推知該空應(yīng)該承接上文“Friendships yu feel yu want t let g f may be lw quality. (你覺得想要放棄的友誼可能質(zhì)量很低)”講低質(zhì)量的友誼是怎么樣的,E選項“它們與學(xué)習(xí)成績不佳和行為問題有關(guān)?!鼻泻险Z境,上下文形成對比。故選E項。
⑤由上文“Spending time with friends can be especially helpful fr peple. Nticing that ur behavir is influenced by ther peple, we can be intentinal and try t fcus n the peple wh are ding the things we want t get int urselves. (與朋友共度時光對人們尤其有幫助。注意到我們的行為受到他人的影響,我們可以有意識地把注意力集中在那些正在做我們想做的事情的人身上)”可知,同齡人相處有積極作用,青少年可以通過相處交流對他人產(chǎn)生影響,F(xiàn)選項“分享你的健康習(xí)慣也會對他人產(chǎn)生真正的影響。”切合語境。故選F項。
17.答案:B
解析:考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:他在利用自己的殘疾作為教學(xué)工具方面表現(xiàn)出色。A. independent獨立的;B. utstanding杰出的,出色的;C. entertaining娛樂的;D. rdinary普通的。根據(jù)后文的““Smething that I d is _____ the lights. They have t listen and _____ their instrument with their fingers and hands. In this way, the students _____ the material better in the dark,” explained Weihmuller.”和“As an educatr with blindness, Weihmuller_____ turning any disadvantage int an advantage.”可知,他在利用自己的殘疾作為教學(xué)工具方面表現(xiàn)出色,具有創(chuàng)新性,作為一名盲人教育工作者,Weihmuller強調(diào)化劣勢為優(yōu)勢。故選B項。
18.答案:D
解析:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他的教學(xué)方法之一是剝奪五種感官中的一種,要求表演者更多地依賴他人。A. skills技能;B. chances機會;C. respnsibilities責(zé)任;D. senses感覺。根據(jù)后文的“Smething that I d is _____ the lights. They have t listen and _____ their instrument with their fingers and hands. In this way, the students _____ the material better in the dark,” explained Weihmuller.”可知,Weihmuller做的事情是關(guān)燈。學(xué)生必須用手指和手傾聽和感受他們的樂器??赏浦?,他的教學(xué)方法之一是剝奪五種感官中的一種。故選D項。
19.答案:C
解析:考查動詞短語辨析。句意:我做的事情是關(guān)燈。A. take ver接管;B. put away收起;C. turn ff關(guān)閉;D. break up分手。根據(jù)后文的“the lights. They have t listen and _____ their instrument with their fingers and hands.”可知,學(xué)生必須用手指和手傾聽和感受他們的樂器??赏浦琖eihmuller做的事情是關(guān)燈。故選C項。
20.答案:A
解析:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:他們必須用手指和手傾聽和感受他們的樂器。A. feel感覺,感受;B. search搜索;C. study研究;D. perfrm表演。根據(jù)后文的“their instrument with their fingers and hands”可知,Weihmuller做的事情是關(guān)燈,所以學(xué)生必須用手指和手傾聽和感受他們的樂器。故選A項。
21.答案:D
解析:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:“我做的事情是關(guān)燈。他們必須用手指和手傾聽和感受他們的樂器。通過這種方式,學(xué)生們在黑暗中更好地了解材料,”Weihmuller解釋道。A. enjy享受;B. realize實現(xiàn);C. recgnize識別;D. learn學(xué)習(xí),了解。根據(jù)后文的“the material better in the dark”可知,學(xué)生必須用手指和手傾聽和感受他們的樂器,從而能更好地了解材料。故選D項。
22.答案:B
解析:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:雙目失明從未阻止Weihmuller追求他對音樂的熱情。A. curage勇氣;B. passin激情;C. spirit精神;D. cncern關(guān)心。根據(jù)后文的“fr music”和“When he started playing, he _____ braille (布萊葉盲文) sheet music, and pieces wuld take mnths, even years t learn. _____ , few prfessinals were capable f prviding this music then, s he _____ t “braille” his wn, all the way thrugh cllege.”可知,作為盲人,他的演奏之路非常艱難,可見雙目失明從未阻止Weihmuller追求他對音樂的熱情。故選B項。
23.答案:C
解析:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)他開始演奏時,他需要盲文樂譜,而一些曲子需要幾個月甚至幾年的時間才能學(xué)會。A. affrded提供;B. recmmended推薦;C. demanded需要;D. presented提出。根據(jù)前文的“Being blind has never stpped Weihmuller”和后文“braille (布萊葉盲文) sheet music”可知,他是盲人,所以需要盲文樂譜。故選C項。
24.答案:A
解析:考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:此外,當(dāng)時很少有專業(yè)人士有能力提供這種音樂,所以他設(shè)法自己“點字”,一直到大學(xué)。A. Mrever此外,而且;B. Instead取而代之的是;C. Meanwhile同時;D. Otherwise否則。根據(jù)前文的“When he started playing, he _____ braille (布萊葉盲文) sheet music, and pieces wuld take mnths, even years t learn.”和后文“few prfessinals were capable f prviding this music then”可知,前后文構(gòu)成遞進關(guān)系,進一步敘述了他遇到的困難,用Mrever。故選A項。
25.答案:D
解析:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:此外,當(dāng)時很少有專業(yè)人士有能力提供這種音樂,所以他設(shè)法自己“點字”,一直到大學(xué)。A. happened發(fā)生;B. refused拒絕;C. failed失敗;D. managed設(shè)法做。根據(jù)前文的“few prfessinals were capable f prviding this music then”和后文“t “braille” his wn”可知,當(dāng)時很少有專業(yè)人士有能力提供這種音樂,所以他設(shè)法自己“點字”。故選D項。
26.答案:B
解析:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他的努力得到了回報。A. services服務(wù);B. effrts努力;C. prmises承諾;D. beliefs信仰。根據(jù)前文“t “braille” his wn, all the way thrugh cllege.”和后文的“His nt being able t see and read traditinal sheets f music has allwed him t _____ his ther senses, which is ne f the main _____ he’s s talented at playing jazz music and the _____ that cmes with it.”可知,他無法看到和閱讀傳統(tǒng)樂譜,這使他的其他感官得以完善,這也是他在演奏爵士樂和隨之而來的創(chuàng)新方面如此有天賦的主要原因之一。所以他的努力得到了回報。故選B項。
27.答案:C
解析:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:他無法看到和閱讀傳統(tǒng)樂譜,這使他的其他感官得以完善,這也是他在演奏爵士樂和隨之而來的創(chuàng)新方面如此有天賦的主要原因之一。A. refuse拒絕;B. abandn放棄;C. perfect完美;D. cmplete完成。根據(jù)前文的“his ther senses, which is ne f the main _____ he’s s talented at playing jazz music and the _____ that cmes with it.”可知,無法看到和閱讀傳統(tǒng)樂譜,這反倒使他的其他感官得以完善。故選C項。
28.答案:A
解析:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他無法看到和閱讀傳統(tǒng)樂譜,這使他的其他感官得以完善,這也是他在演奏爵士樂和隨之而來的創(chuàng)新方面如此有天賦的主要原因之一。A. reasns原因;B. results結(jié)果;C. functins功能;D. purpses目的。根據(jù)前文的“His nt being able t see and read traditinal sheets f music has allwed him t _____ his ther senses, which is ne f the main”可知,他無法看到和閱讀傳統(tǒng)樂譜,這使他的其他感官得以完善,這成為了他后來如此有天賦的主要原因之一。故選A項。
29.答案:D
解析:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他無法看到和閱讀傳統(tǒng)樂譜,這使他的其他感官得以完善,這也是他在演奏爵士樂和隨之而來的創(chuàng)新方面如此有天賦的主要原因之一。A. inventin發(fā)明;B. revlutin革命;C. intrductin介紹;D. innvatin創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)前文的“He has _____ perfrmance at using his disability as a teaching tl. One f his teaching methds is t take away ne f the five _____, requiring perfrmers t lean mre heavily n thers.”可知,他在利用自己的殘疾作為教學(xué)工具方面表現(xiàn)出色。他的教學(xué)方法之一是剝奪五種感官中的一種,要求表演者更多地依賴他人。他的教學(xué)是創(chuàng)新的。故選D項。
30.答案:B
解析:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:作為一名盲人教育工作者,Weihmuller強調(diào)化劣勢為優(yōu)勢。A. regrets遺憾;B. emphasizes強調(diào);C. ignres忽略;D. imagines想象。根據(jù)后文的“turning any disadvantage int an advantage”可知,Weihmuller強調(diào)化劣勢為優(yōu)勢,通過剝奪五種感官中的一種,讓人們更出色。故選B項。
31.答案:C
解析:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:他希望他能激勵其他人以同樣的方式處理他們的障礙和挑戰(zhàn)。A. amuse (使)娛樂;B. allw允許;C. inspire啟發(fā);D. persuade勸說。根據(jù)后文的“thers t deal with their barriers and challenges in the same way that he has”可知,他希望他能激勵其他人解決生活中的障礙和挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項。
32.答案:its;reduced;are taken;and;in;regularly;Building;which;psitins;prmtes
解析:①考查代詞。句意:隨著社交媒體在過去幾年的爆炸式流行,它的閃電般的發(fā)展已經(jīng)引起了公眾的關(guān)注。根據(jù)句意可知,空格處應(yīng)填形容詞性物主代詞its,表示“它的”,作定語。故答案為its。
②考查非謂語動詞。句意:過度使用可能會導(dǎo)致許多嚴重的問題,如心理健康問題,被減少的學(xué)習(xí)時間和人際關(guān)系質(zhì)量差。本句謂語為may lead t,此處為非謂語動詞,且learning time與reduce“減少”為被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞,作定語。故填reduced。
③考查動詞語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:YuTube擁有許多“有趣”的視頻,視頻中孩子們在被拿走屏幕時會發(fā)脾氣。結(jié)合語境可知本句陳述事實,故時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時,且when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主語screens是復(fù)數(shù),與take away“拿走”是被動關(guān)系,句子用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),be動詞用are。故答案為are taken。
④考查固定短語。句意:所以在屏幕上和現(xiàn)實世界之間保持平衡是很重要的。between... and“ 在……中間”,為固定短語。故答案為and。
⑤考查固定短語。句意:首先,制定一個時間表,讓成年人、青少年和孩子與家人、朋友和鄰居面對面地團聚。本空填介詞in,in persn“當(dāng)面,親自,本人”為固定短語。故答案為in。
⑥考查副詞。句意:其次,定期到戶外玩捉迷藏,種植花園,或者只是坐著看鳥。本空填副詞regularly“定期地”作狀語,修飾get utside。故答案為regularly。
⑦考查非謂語動詞。句意:建立我們與自然的關(guān)系會增加我們的平和、積極和幸福,這帶來了很多好處。本句謂語為increases,此處為非謂語動詞,應(yīng)用build“建立”的動名詞building,作主語,位于句首,首字母大寫。故答案為Building。
⑧考查定語從句。句意:建立我們與自然的關(guān)系會增加我們的平和、積極和幸福,這帶來了很多好處。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本空引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾主句,關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故答案為which。
⑨考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:提醒你的身體,除了“看屏幕”,它還可以移動到其他位置。本空填名詞psitin“位置”,結(jié)合ther可知,用復(fù)數(shù)。故答案為psitins。
⑩考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:接納會增加我們內(nèi)心的平靜,不像社交媒體互動會促進自我判斷和他人判斷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞Acceptance,關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語,結(jié)合語境可知本句陳述事實,故時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時,且主語為第三人稱單數(shù),故謂語用prmte“促進”第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故答案為prmtes。
33.答案:
Being a persn f value
What Einstein said means aiming t be a persn f value rather than merely succeeding. I see it as urging us t rethink what matters mst. As a high schl student, success ften links t grades and ppularity. But what if we aim fr mre—a life f value?
Last year, I participated in a fd drive fr the lcal shelter. Instead f merely dnating canned gds, I vlunteered at the shelter. I met peple wh had lst everything. Their stries tuched me deeply. I realized that my time and presence mattered mre than any test scre. What truly cunts is the value we bring t thers.
解析:本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生以愛因斯坦的名言“Try nt t becme a man f success, but rather try t becme a man f value.”為主題,寫一篇短文參加網(wǎng)上的發(fā)帖活動。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
打算做某事:aim t d sth.→intend t d sth.
參加:participate in→take part in
遇到:meet→encunter
感動:tuch→mve
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句:Last year, I participated in a fd drive fr the lcal shelter.
拓展句:Last year, I participated in a fd drive fr the lcal shelter, frm which I learned a lt.
【高分句型1】What Einstein said means aiming t be a persn f value rather than merely succeeding. (運用了what引導(dǎo)的主語從句)
【高分句型2】I met peple wh had lst everything. (運用了wh引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句)
34.答案:
Paragraph 1:
He picked ut a green apple. “Wuld yu like t share it with me?” my grandpa asked, with a smile n his face. “Abslutely nt! I’m sure it’s nt ripe and it will taste terrible,” I replied, shaking my head. He shrugged his shulders and tk a bite f the apple. Watching his chew with enjyment, I began t feel puzzled — Culd a green apple actually be delicius? At that mment, my grandfather said: “Yu need t try it if yu want t knw whether it’s gd r bad. This apple may be different frm what yu expected, and it might surprise yu.”
Paragraph 2:
With his wrds in mind I culdn’t help taking a bite, t. Surprisingly, it wasn’t as unpleasant as I had imagined. Instead, a unique blend f freshness and sweetness emerged. My eyes widened in surprise as I lked at my grandfather, wh, as if everything was within his expectatins, said “Many things in life are like this. We can’t judge them nly by their appearance r initial impressins. Smetimes, we need t take a chance t learn it.” I ndded thughtfully, filled with admiratin fr his wisdm. The green apple taught me the imprtance f explring a new wrld with an pen mind.
解析:本文以人物為線索展開,講述了作者和爺爺離開了家鄉(xiāng),作者感到在城市里格格不入,爺爺勸說作者去適應(yīng),但作者不為所動,作者憤怒又沮喪,購物時看到有人在挑選青蘋果,覺得還是呆在偏遠城鎮(zhèn)好,至少那里的貿(mào)易站里的蘋果都是熟的,爺爺看到作者注意到青蘋果后就選購了一些青蘋果,看著爺爺推車里的一些新物品,作者感到好奇,但礙于面子又不好意思問爺爺,要走出超市時,爺爺停下彎腰去找塑料袋。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫:
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“他拿出一個青蘋果?!笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼憼敔斞堊髡咭黄鹌穱L青蘋果,作者認為它沒熟拒絕吃它,看到爺爺吃得津津有味后,作者感到困惑,爺爺再次勸說作者吃青蘋果。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“考慮到他的話,我也忍不住咬了一口?!笨芍诙慰擅鑼懽髡咭昵嗵O果后驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)它味道不錯,爺爺借此機會告訴作者:不能只憑外表或最初的印象來判斷事物,擁有開放的心態(tài)去學(xué)習(xí)、探索。
2.續(xù)寫線索:爺爺拿出青蘋果—邀請作者品嘗,作者拒絕—看到爺爺吃得很帶勁,作者感到困惑—爺爺再次勸說作者吃青蘋果—作者咬了一口—作者驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)味道不錯—爺爺借機教育作者—作者感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①嘗試:try sth./give sth. a sht
②出現(xiàn):emerge/turn up
③冒險:take a chance/take a risk
情緒類
①困惑的:puzzled/cnfused
②驚訝地:in surprise/in amazement
[高分句型1]. “Abslutely nt! I’m sure it’s nt ripe and it will taste terrible,” I replied, shaking my head. (運用了省略that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)
[高分句型2]. Yu need t try it if yu want t knw whether it’s gd r bad. (運用了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)

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