關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的先行詞是表示時間、地點或原因(一般為reasn)的名詞,在從句中作狀語。有時可用"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)替換。 ?I still remember the day when I first came t Beijing. 我還記得我第一次來北京的那天。 2.當定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時,即使先行詞是表示時間、地點和原因的詞仍用which/that。 ?Is this the reasn (that) he explained fr his rudeness at the meeting? 這是他在會議上解釋的無禮的原因嗎? 3.當先行詞為一些表示抽象地點的名詞,如:pint,situatin,case,stage等,如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句;如果不作狀語,則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。 ?The media can ften help slve prblems and draw attentin t situatins where help is needed. 媒體經(jīng)常能夠幫助解決問題,把注意力吸引到需要幫助的情況。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇 1.(2019·新課標II卷·語法填空)Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les. 【參考答案】where 【答案解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞為the pet shp,在非限制性定語從句中作pened一詞的賓語,故用which。 2.(2018·江蘇卷·單項填空)Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】考查定語從句。句意:自動駕駛是一個中國和世界其它國家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。句中先行詞為area,在從句中作地點狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where,相當于in which。故選B。 3.(2018·新課標II卷·短文改錯)They als had a small pnd which they raised fish. 【參考答案】which前加in 或which改為where 【試題解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。他們還有一個小池塘,里面養(yǎng)著魚。此處a small pnd是先行詞,其在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語,故用in which或where。 4.(2019·江蘇卷·單項填空)We have entered int an age _______ dreams have the best chance f cming true. A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that 【參考答案】C 【答案解析】考查定語從句。句意:我們已經(jīng)進入到了一個時代,在這個時代夢想實現(xiàn)的機會最大。句中先行詞為an age(一個時代),且先行詞在從句中做時間狀語,所以關(guān)系詞用when。 故選C。 【易錯提醒】 當先行詞是時間名詞時,既可以用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,也可以用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句,關(guān)鍵要看關(guān)系詞在從句中作何種成分。若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當狀語,用when引導(dǎo);若關(guān)系詞在從句中充當主語或賓語,則用that或which引導(dǎo)。如: ?D yu remember the days when we chatted with each ther all night? 你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎?(when在從句中作狀語) ?D yu remember the days that/which we spent tgether n the farm? 你還記得我們在農(nóng)場一起度過的那些日子嗎?(that或which作spent的賓語) 5.Experiments with dmestic dgs, ne animal was given a treat and anther denied, have shwn that they pssess a sense f fairness as they shared their treats. A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】考查非限定性定語從句。句意:用家犬做試驗,試驗中一只給了食物,而另一只沒有,這表明了它們有一種分享食物的公平感。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞是Experiments,where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語,表示抽象地點,where相當于in which。故選B。 【易錯提醒】 1. 當先行詞為地點名詞時,如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語,則用that或which引導(dǎo)。如: ?This is the huse which/that was built by my grandfather frty years ag. 這是我爺爺在40年前建造的房子。(定語從句中缺少主語,所以要用which/that,而不用where) 2. 當psitin,pint,case,stage,situatin,atmsphere等表示抽象地點的名詞充當先行詞時,若定語從句中缺少狀語,則用where來引導(dǎo)。如: ?It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子們放在一個能夠讓他們從不同角度看待自己的環(huán)境中對他們很有幫助。 3. 關(guān)系副詞why指原因,代替先行詞并在定語從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞一般是reasn。 ?Is this the reasn why (fr which) he refused ur help? 這是他拒絕我們幫助的理由嗎? 6. D yu knw the reasn Mary is crying? A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that 【參考答案】C 【答案解析】句意:你知道瑪麗哭的原因嗎?the reasn why...是一個固定句型,why在此引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,并在從句中作原因狀語,故選C。 【易錯提醒】 若代替先行詞reasn的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中不作狀語,而是充當主語或賓語,則用that或which來引導(dǎo)定語從句。如: ?I wn’t listen t the reasn that/which yu have given us. 我堅決不聽你給我們的那個理由。(定語從句中缺少賓語,所以要用which/that,而不用why) 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) I. 用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1. D yu remember the scene ________ Ca Ca and Liu Bei were drinking? 2. I walked up t the tp f the hill with my friends, we enjyed a splendid view f the lake. 3. I will never frget the days ________ I was taken gd care f in that village. 4. D yu knw the reasn Jhn is s angry? 5. Nne f us knw the reasn ________ Tm was absent frm the meeting. 6. The reasn ________________ he explained at the meeting fr his absence didn’t make sense. 7. I still remember the night ________ she left the huse. 8. Hwever, this was a time ne had gt t have a passbk t live in Jhannesburg. 9. Tday we have reached a stage we have almst n rights at all. 10. The days are gne physical strength was all yu needed t make a living. 題組二能力提升 I.單項填空 1.Experiments with dmestic dgs, ne animal was given a treat and anther denied, have shwn that they pssess a sense f fairness as they shared their treats. A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which 2.D yu knw the reasn Mary is crying? A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that 3.The latest trend is the "A4 waist challenge" wmen take phts with a A4-sized paper placed in frnt f their midriffs (上腹部). A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as 4. The exact year__________ Angela and her family spent tgether in China was 2008. A. When B. where C. why D. which 5. Miss Li fund herself in an embarrassing psitin she didn’t knw which side she shuld supprt. A. whereB. thatC. whichD. when 6. —Can yu believe I had t pay 30 dllars fr a haircut? —Yu shuld try the barber’s I g. It’s nly $15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 7. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely t be the nly planet life has develped gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whse 8. Great changes have taken place since then in the factry we are wrking. A. where B. that C. which D. there II.語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Chengdu has dzens f new millinaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new htels. But fr turists like me, pandas are its tp 1 (attract). S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt-fr-prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research, I 2 (allw)t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. Frm tmrrw, I will be their UK ambassadr. The title will be 3 (fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn. But my cnnectin with pandas ges back 4 my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reprter 6 (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild. My ambassadrial duties will include 7 (intrduce) British visitrs t the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and thers at a research in the misty muntains f Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-mnth-ld twin that had been rejected by 8 (it) mther. The nursery team switches him every few 9 ( day) with his sister s that while ne is being bttle-fed, 10 ther is with mum-she never suspects. 題組三體驗真題 1.(2019·天津卷·單項填空)Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences. A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what 2.(2019·新課標I卷·短文改錯)One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. 3.(2019·北京卷·語法填空)What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g. 4.(2018·新課標I卷·短文改錯)They als had a small pnd which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by selling the fish. 5.(2015·北京)Oppsite is St. Paul's Church, _________ yu can hear sme lvely music. A. which B. that C. when D. where 6.(2015·陜西) As the smallest child f his family, Alex is always lnging fr the time __ he shuld be able t be independent. A. which B. where C. whm D. when 7. (2014·浙江)I dn’t becme a serius climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up t rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches f a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why 8. (2015·天津)The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere his emplyees enjy their wrk. A. where B. whichC. whenD. wh 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) I. 用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1. where 2. where 3. when 4. why 5. why 6. that/which7. when8. when 9. where10. when 題組二能力提升 I.單項填空 1.B 【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。句意:用家犬做試驗,試驗中一只給了食物,而另一只沒有,這表明了它們有一種分享食物的公平感。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞是Experiments,where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語,相當于in which。故選B。 2.C 【解析】句意:你知道瑪麗哭的原因嗎?the reasn why...是一個固定句型,why在此引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,并在從句中作原因狀語,故選C。 3.B 【解析】考查定語從句。句意:最新的趨勢是A4腰挑戰(zhàn)。女性把A4紙放在上腹部前面然后拍照。先行詞是"A4 waist challenge",表示抽象的地點,定語從句中缺少地點狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句,B項正確。 4. D 【解析】句意:Angela和家人一起在中國度過的那年是2008年。這句話使用了定語從句,先行詞是the exact year,定語從句中的動詞spent是及物動詞,后面缺少賓語,所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句,而不能用關(guān)系副詞。所以選D。 5. A 【解析】先行詞是an embarrassing psitin,所填詞在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語,故用where引導(dǎo)。 6. C 【解析】答句前句句意為:——你應(yīng)該去我去的那家理發(fā)店嘗試一下。where引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中作狀語,并替代先行詞the barber’s(理發(fā)店)。其余選項不能在定語從句中作地點狀語。 7. B 【解析】句意:斯蒂芬?霍金認為,地球不大可能是有生命逐漸進化的唯一星球。先行詞是planet,限制性定語從句中缺少地點狀語,where在此處引導(dǎo)定語從句,且在從句中作地點狀語。A、C和D三個選項都不能在從句中作狀語。 8. A 【解析】where是關(guān)系副詞,表示地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。 II.語法填空 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者作為特邀人員在四川成都的大熊貓基地的所見所聞。 1. attractin 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。但對于像我一樣的游客,熊貓是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容詞性物主代詞its以及形容詞tp可知此處應(yīng)該填動詞attract的名詞形式attractin,意為"吸引人之物"。 2. was allwed 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語I與動詞allw之間存在被動關(guān)系,且前一句的"was"表明此處應(yīng)用一般過去時,故填was allwed。 3. fficially 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞應(yīng)該用副詞,所以填fficially。 4.t 【解析】考查介詞。g back t是固定搭配,意為"追溯到"。 5.when 【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,且在從句中作時間狀語,故填關(guān)系副詞when。 6. permitted 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,permit與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系,故填過去分詞permitted作后置定語,相當于that/wh was permitted。 7. intrducing 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。動詞include后需跟動名詞作賓語,所以此空填intrducing。 8. its 【解析】考查代詞。由語境及后面的名詞mther可知,此空應(yīng)該填it的形容詞性物主代詞its。 9. days 【解析】考查名詞。由few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可知,此空填days。 every few days是"每隔幾天"的意思。 10.the 【解析】考查冠詞。這里考查的是 ther...這一固定搭配,意為"一個……另一個…… 題組三 體驗真題 1.B 【解析】考查定語從句。句意:他們的孩子正處于能說單個單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。句中she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences是一個定語從句,先行詞是the stage,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,用關(guān)系副詞where,故選B。 2.One afternn I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. 【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞ne afternn表示時間在定語從句中作狀語,所以關(guān)系詞使用when。故將where改為when。 3.where 【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大學(xué))更重要。這里表達去哪所大學(xué),表示地點,作狀語。故用where。 4. which改成in which或where 【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。他們還有一個小池塘,里面養(yǎng)著魚。此處a small pnd是先行詞,其在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語,故用in which或where。 5.D 【解析】句意:對面是圣保羅教堂,在教堂里你能聽到一些優(yōu)美的音樂。這是一個定語從句。先行詞是St. Paul’s Church,從句主謂賓成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推斷出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作的是地點狀語。用關(guān)系副詞where。故選D。 6.D 【解析】句意:作為家里最小的孩子,Alex總是渴望他能夠有獨立的時間。這里使用定語從句,先行詞是the time,定語從句中缺少時間狀語,用關(guān)系副詞when,所以選D。 7.A 【解析】這里先行詞是the fifth grade,指的是時間;后面是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意:我沒有成為一個認真的攀登者,直到我上五年級的時候,那時我爬上去拿一個被掛在樹上的風(fēng)箏。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,______ I went up t rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches f a tree是定語從句,先行詞是the fifth grade,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語,故選A。 8. A 【解析】句意:公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛,在這種氣氛中,其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmsphere,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where。根據(jù)句意可知選A。 用法 依據(jù) 根據(jù)從句謂語動詞 若是及物動詞,后面若無賓語,用關(guān)系代詞;若是不及物動詞則用關(guān)系副詞。 根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中作的成分 把關(guān)系詞放進定語從句中,若作主語或賓語用關(guān)系代詞;作狀語則用關(guān)系副詞。