
命題趨勢(shì):
名詞屬于十大詞類中的一種,主要包括普通名詞和專有名詞兩種??v觀近幾年中考對(duì)于名詞的考查,主要以選擇題和填空題為主,考查內(nèi)容以詞義理解、名詞所有格及詞形轉(zhuǎn)換居多。在備考2020年中考時(shí),注意掌握名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則,掌握不可數(shù)名詞向可數(shù)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化的規(guī)律,名詞所有格的用法,名詞的句法功能等,并做到靈活運(yùn)用,以便提高綜合運(yùn)用能力。
【知識(shí)歸納】
一、名詞的分類
【特例清單】
有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞,又是不可數(shù)名詞,但意義有所不同
wrk(工作)—a wrk(著作) glass(玻璃)—a glass(玻璃杯) paper(紙)—a paper(報(bào)紙;文件;試卷)
tea(茶)—a tea(一種茶)(表示種類) wd(木頭)—a wd(小樹林) rm(空間)—a rm(房間)
chicken(雞肉)—a chicken(小雞) light(光,光線)—a light(電燈) fish(魚肉)—fishes(各種各樣的魚)
exercise(鍛煉,運(yùn)動(dòng))—exercises(習(xí)題) life(生活)—lives(生命) range(橘子汁)—an range(橘子)
time(時(shí)間)—times(倍,次數(shù)) hand(幫助)—a hand(手) radi(無線電)—a radi(收音機(jī))
二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
【特例清單】
1.“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,中間的名詞須用單數(shù)形式。
five-year-ld 5歲大的;
a five-pund nte 一張5英鎊的紙幣
a six-ft-deep hle一個(gè)6英尺深的洞
2.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞,有的作單數(shù)使用,有的作復(fù)數(shù)使用
(1)以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科類名詞,一般是不可數(shù)名詞
例:maths, physics, plitics
(2)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,其形式上可數(shù),若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目時(shí),要借助數(shù)量詞pair來表示,其單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式
例:a pair f trusers一條褲子
(3)以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名、劇名、報(bào)紙、雜志名詞,看作單數(shù)名詞
例:The New Yrk Times(《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》)
(4)以-s結(jié)尾表示國(guó)家、組織或公司名稱的專有名詞,通常被看做單數(shù)
例:the United States(美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó))
(5)以-s結(jié)尾表示群島、山脈、瀑布等自然景觀的專有名詞,通常被看做復(fù)數(shù)
例:the Olympic Games(奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))
(6)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式分為兩種:一是只將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式;二是如果是man,wman與其他名詞組成的復(fù)合名詞,那么兩個(gè)名詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。
例:an apple tree→tw apple trees; a wman teacher→sme wmen teachers
三、不可數(shù)名詞的計(jì)量
【特例清單】
1.不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時(shí),可用a lt f,much,little,a little,sme,n等修飾
例:I want sme water. 我想要一些水。
2.不可數(shù)名詞表示一定的數(shù)量時(shí),可借助可數(shù)名詞,用“a+可數(shù)名詞+f+不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),把可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式
例:He needs tw pieces f paper. 他需要兩張紙。
四、名詞所有格
【特例清單】
用and連接兩個(gè)并列名詞的所有格:
(1)當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s
例:Mary and her sister’s bedrm. 瑪麗和她姐姐共有的臥室
Lily and Lucy’s mther. 莉莉和露西的媽媽。
(2)當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞表示分別擁有各自的物品時(shí),兩個(gè)名詞都在詞尾加’s表示所有關(guān)系
例:Tm’s and Mary’s bags. 湯姆和瑪麗他們各自的包。
表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時(shí),常在表示職業(yè)的名詞或是姓氏后加上’s代表場(chǎng)所。
例:a tailr’s裁縫鋪 a barber’s理發(fā)店 a dctr’s診所
my sister’s我姐姐的家 a statiner’s文具店 Chaplin’s卓別林的家
f 所有格
無生命的名詞的所屬關(guān)系一般要用介詞f短語來構(gòu)成。如a map f China,at the end f this term。但表時(shí)間、距離、世界、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等無生命的名詞直接在詞尾加-’s或-’。
five minutes’ walk
雙重所有格
表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞(a/an),數(shù)詞(ne,tw...),不定代詞(sme,all,any...),物主代詞(my,yur...),指示代詞(this,that...時(shí),常用"f +’s所有格"形式,即雙重所有格來表示所屬關(guān)系。
a pht f my sister’s 我妹妹的一張照片this bk f my classmate’s 我同學(xué)的這本書
集體名詞的分類
1. 本身是復(fù)數(shù),如,cattle牛群,peple人們,plice警察。
2. 本身單復(fù)數(shù)均可表示,如audience觀眾,class班級(jí),club俱樂部,cmmittee委員會(huì),cmpany公司,crew船員,enemy敵人,family家庭,gvernment政府,grup組,team隊(duì)(當(dāng)這一類詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于其表示的具體含義,如果作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果指的是具體成員,則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)
?The family is the basic unit f sciety. 家庭是構(gòu)成社會(huì)的基本單位。
?My family are ging n a trip this summer. 我們?nèi)医衲晗奶煲獬雎糜巍?br>Part2 中考真題精選
2022年中考真題
1.(2022·江蘇徐州)Frm my ________ n the tp f the TV twer, I can have a perfect view f ur city.
A.traditinB.Cnditin C.psitinD.Situatin
2.(2022·黑龍江綏化)________ father is a pilt. He has been t many cuntries arund the wrld.
A.Tny and Peter’sB.Tny’s and PeterC.Tny’s and Peter’s
3.(2022·黑龍江綏化)With the intrductin f the “duble reductin” plicy (雙減政策), ne f the ________ ________ that the students have less hmewrk.
A.changes; isB.change; isC.changes; are
4.(2022·甘肅平?jīng)觯㏕he ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his sn calling frm New Yrk.
A.telephneB.drbellC.clckD.bike
5.(2022·重慶)This year, the family went camping n ________ Day, June 1st.
A.ChildB.Child’sC.ChildrenD.Children’s
6.(2022·黑龍江綏化)With the intrductin f the “duble reductin” plicy (雙減政策), ne f the ________ ________ that the students have less hmewrk.
A.changes; isB.change; isC.changes; are
7.(2022·黑龍江綏化)________ father is a pilt. He has been t many cuntries arund the wrld.
A.Tny and Peter’sB.Tny’s and PeterC.Tny’s and Peter’s
8.(2022·重慶)This year, the family went camping n ________ Day, June 1st.
A.ChildB.Child’sC.ChildrenD.Children’s
2021年中考真題
1.(2021 牡丹江、雞西)Me and My Mtherland is a famus mvie and I have seen it twice in the ________.
A. bankB. cinemaC. supermarket
2.(2021 揚(yáng)州)--- We can always find smething gd in a bad ________ if we lk fr it.
---It’s s true. Let’s make full use f what cmes.
A. situatinB. directinC. instructinD. cmpetitin
3.(2021 鹽城)Yuan Lngping and his team have slved the prblem f ________ fr many peple.
A. hungerB. healthC. pllutinD. ppulatin
4.(2021 宿遷)Mr. Huang was brn in Nanjing, but Suqian has becme his secnd ________.
A. familyB. huseC. villageD. hmetwn
5.(2021 泰州)The landing f China’s rver (登陸車) Zhurng n Mars shws China has made great ________ in space explratin.
A. prgressB. prjectC. prductD. prtectin
6.(2021 南通)---Have yu decided what t write abut Gulliver in Lilliput in the reprt?
---I'm nt sure. Maybe I need t read sme ________ abut it befre writing.
A. reasnsB. rewardsC. resultsD. reviews
7.(2021 南京)Yuan Lngping was a wrld-famus scientist. Because f his achievements, rice ________ has been increased greatly.
A. ppulatinB. cntributinC. prductinD. intrductin
8. (2021 江西) Yur leg lks really bad! I think yu shuld send fr a ________ abut that.
A. piltB. dctrC. singerD. pstman
9.(2021 安徽)---Have yu ever heard “A thusand mile jurney begins with the first ________”?
---Yes. It’s a famus Chinese saying by Lazi.
A. classB. stepC. breakD. exam
10.(2021 長(zhǎng)春)We used t buy things in the ____________ but nw we usually d it nline.
A. shpB. museumC. bankD. library
11.(2021 撫順、本溪、遼陽)_______ can make peple happy and want t make greater prgress.
A. FearB. PraiseC. DubtD. Regret
12.(2021 錦州)---What ________ can yu give me n my future study?
---Believe in yurself. Yu can d it.
A. news B. adviceC. attentinD. infrmatin
13.(2021 營(yíng)口)Hlding the ________, I managed t fix the new kind f machine.
A. intrductinsB. inventinsC. invitatinsD. Instructins
14.(2021 山西)---Jenny, I can’t slve the prblems by myself. What shuld I d?
---Maybe wrking in grups is a gd ________.
A. methdB. surveyC. reprt
15.(2021 天津)His beautiful music has brught ________ t peple all ver the wrld.
A. difficultyB. pleasureC. weatherD. danger
16.(2021 云南)Hi, Mm is a mving film. It has been n fr several mnths in the ________.
A. museumB. bankC. libraryD. cinema
17.(2021 昆明)Zhang Guimei started the first free senir high schl fr girls t help them get an ________ in Lijiang, Yunnan.
A. educatinB. invitatinC. infrmatinD. Imaginatin
18.(2021 溫州)Mike, a 7-year-ld by, has a great talent fr ________. He can draw nice pictures thugh he has never learned it.
A. artB. sprtC. musicD. science
19.(2021 樂山)---Hell! May I speak t Tny, please?
---Srry, I’m afraid yu have the wrng ____.
A. telephneB. nameC. number
20.(2021 昆明)Being an excellent magician is nt child’s play even when yu have practiced ver and ver again.
A. an easy jbB. a play by children
C. a hard jbD. a play fr children
21.(2021 天水)If the weather is nice, we culd have a(n) ________ in the park.
A. picnicB. chanceC. placeD. idea
22.(2021 河池)---Lisa, culd yu help me buy sme ________ n yur way hme?
---Ok, mm.
A. eggB. beefC. bananaD. ptat
23.(2021 重慶A)There are many ________ teachers in this primary schl.
A. wmanB. wman’sC. wmenD. wmen’s
24.(2021 重慶B)June 1st is ________ Day.
A. ChildrenB. Children’sC. ChildD. Child’s
25.(2021 西寧)---What a clean and tidy rm!
---Yes. It’s ________ rm.
A. Tina and Nina’sB. Tina’s and Nina
C. Tina and NinaD. Tina’s and Nina’s
26.(2021 十堰) The _________ f the Sanxingdui Ruins site(三星堆遺址)shcked the wrld.
A. discveryB. develpmentC. disbeliefD. difference
27.(2021 武漢)The idim(成語) “Mengzi’s mther makes three mves” tells f a mther wh did all she culd t prvide the best ________ fr her child.
A. experienceB. instructinC. envirnmentD. infrmatin
28.(2021 東營(yíng))---I’ve gt a “C” in the English test. Can yu give me sme ________?
---Of curse. I think reading can help.
A. messagesB. infrmatinC. suggestinsD. instructins
29.(2021 東營(yíng))---I'm sad t hear that Yuan Lngping passed away.
---S am I. We lst a her. His _______ n hybrid(雜交)rice helped Chinese peple slve the prblem f eating.
A. surveysB. reprtsC. researchesD. achievements
30.(2021 菏澤)---China’s high-speed railway ________ is leading the wrld.
---That’s right. It is mving further int the wrld.
A. technlgyB. envirnmentC. ppulatin
31.(2021 鄂州)---What’s yur favrite ________, Jhn?
---Histry. It is very interesting.
A. fdB. vegetableC. animalD. subject
32.(2021 達(dá)州)If yu want t be a dctr like Zhng Nanshan, hard wrk is the key t ________.
A. treasureB. beautyC. successD. health分類
說明
例句
普通名詞
可數(shù)名詞
個(gè)體名詞
表示人或事物的個(gè)體名稱
city城市,panda熊貓,chair椅子,hspital醫(yī)院,nurse護(hù)士
集體名詞
表示一群人或一些事物的總稱
public公眾,peple人們,class班級(jí),family家庭,plice警察
不可數(shù)名詞
物質(zhì)名詞
表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)或材料的名稱
rice大米,snw雪,steel鋼鐵,cttn棉花,crn玉米,air空氣
抽象名詞
表示行為、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念的名詞
curage勇氣,determinatin決心,satisfactin滿意,happiness幸福,success成功,lve熱愛
專有名詞
表示人名、地名、國(guó)名
Lndn倫敦,Tm湯姆,the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城,Asia亞洲
表示書名、電影名、各種標(biāo)語
Spider Man 《蜘蛛俠》
表示機(jī)構(gòu)、組織、團(tuán)體
UNESCO聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織
Beijing University北京大學(xué)
表示月份、星期、節(jié)日
Mnday星期一,Natinal day國(guó)慶節(jié)
情況
構(gòu)成方法
例詞
一般情況
加-s
cap→caps dg→dgs bike→bikes driver→drivers
以字母s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾
加-es
bus→buses wish→wishes
watch→watches bx→bxes
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾
變y為i再加-es
lady→ladies century→centuries
family→families stry→stries
以f或fe結(jié)尾
一般變f, fe為v,再加-es
leaf→leaves life→lives
half→halves knife→knives
以結(jié)尾
前為輔音音素時(shí)加-es, 前為元音音素時(shí)加-s。
tmat→tmates her→heres ptat→ptates radi→radis z→zs pht→phts
pian→pians
復(fù)合名詞
將后一個(gè)詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
tth-brush→tth-brushes film-ger → film-gers
兩部分都變復(fù)數(shù)
man dctr→men dctrs
wman teacher→wmen teachers
特殊名詞
改變內(nèi)部元音字母
ft→feet tth→teeth man→men muse→mice
詞尾加-ren
child→children
單復(fù)數(shù)同形
Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep deer→deer
類型
英語
含義
例子
個(gè)數(shù)單位詞
piece
張
a piece f advice; tw pieces f advice
drp
滴
a drp f ink; three drps f ink
pile
堆
a pile f wd; fur piles f wd
容器單位詞
cup
杯
a cup f cffee; seven cups f cffee
glass
(玻璃)
杯
a glass f milk; eight glasses f milk
bttle
瓶
a bttle f juice; nine bttles f juice
bx
盒、箱
a bx f chalk; ten bxes f chalk
bag
袋
a bag f flur; eleven bags f flur
度量衡單位詞
pund
磅
a pund f meat; furteen punds f meat
kil
公斤
a kil f il; tw kils f il
類型
構(gòu)成方法
例子
有生命的名詞
(人或動(dòng)物)
在詞尾加’s
Tm’s bk; the girl’s ear-ring; the dg’s ears; the her’s name
以s, es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加’
the students’ desks; the wrkers’ tls; the teachers’ ffice
不以(e)s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加’s
men’s clthes; Children’s Day; Wmen’s Day; sheep’s wl
無
生
命
的
名
詞
時(shí)間、世界、國(guó)家、城市等
一般在詞尾加’s
China’s capital; Chengdu’s industries; the wrld’s ppulatin; tday’s news
其他
一般用f結(jié)構(gòu)
the dr f the rm; a map f the wrld; the legs f the tables; a way f life
這是一份【通用版】中考 初中英語 專題01 名詞 (原卷版+解析版),文件包含專題01名詞原卷版docx、專題01名詞解析版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源,其中試卷共17頁(yè), 歡迎下載使用。
這是一份專題01 名詞-思維導(dǎo)圖破解初中英語語法及真題演練(全國(guó)通用),文件包含專題01名詞解析版docx、專題01名詞原卷版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源,其中試卷共25頁(yè), 歡迎下載使用。
這是一份備戰(zhàn)2023中考專題01 名詞-2022年中考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編 (全國(guó)通用)(原卷+解析版),文件包含專題01名詞-2022年中考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編全國(guó)通用第1期解析版docx、專題01名詞-2022年中考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編全國(guó)通用原卷版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源,其中試卷共10頁(yè), 歡迎下載使用。
微信掃碼,快速注冊(cè)
注冊(cè)成功