北京市北京師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)平谷第一分校2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

共100分，考試時(shí)長90分鐘
第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié) (共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文, 掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
Take an Optin
Jerry was a natural mtivatr. He was always in a gd md and always had smething ____1____ t say, which really made me curius. One day I went up t ask him hw he did that. “Well, life is all abut ____2____. It’s yur ptin hw yu live yur life,” Jerry replied.
Sn I mved t anther city. Several mnths later, I heard that Jerry was seriusly injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was fund quickly and rushed t the hspital. After 8 hurs f surgery and weeks f intensive care, he was ____4____ frm the hspital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snw, I knew I had tw ptins: One was t live, the ther was t die. I chse t live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人員) were great. They kept telling me I was ging t be fine. But when they ____6____ me int the emergency rm and I saw the expressins n the faces f the dctrs, I gt really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed t take actin. I tld them, ‘Operate n me as if I’m alive, nt dead.’ Yu see, I just tried t ____8____ their cnfidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks t the skill f his dctrs, but als because f his amazing ____9____ t live.
Jerry has taught me a lt. I learn frm him that every day we have the chice t live fully. Yur ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regularB. familiarC. psitiveD. typical
2. A. chicesB. trendsC. relatinsD. secrets
3. A. NrmallyB. ObviuslyC. HpefullyD. Luckily
4. A. preservedB. releasedC. distinguishedD. abandned
5. A. gne thrughB. put upC. turned inD. called fr
6. A. frcedB. fllwedC. wheeledD. recmmended
7 A. bredB. frightenedC. cnfusedD. embarrassed
8. A. expressB. shareC. gainD. inspire
9. A. talentB. achievementC. desireD. evidence
10. A. attitudeB. standardC. abilityD. cntrl
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文?！拔摇钡呐笥呀苋鹂偸呛芊e極樂觀，在一次事故中，杰瑞憑借強(qiáng)烈的求生欲望活了下來并且恢復(fù)了健康?！拔摇睆慕苋鹕砩蠈W(xué)到一個(gè)道理：選擇和態(tài)度決定一切。
【1題詳解】
考查形容詞辨析。句意：他總是心情很好，總是說一些積極的話，這真的讓我很好奇。A.regular規(guī)律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.psitive積極的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)“He was always in a gd md”可知，此處是指總是說一些積極的話。故選C。
【2題詳解】
考查名詞辨析。句意：生活就是選擇。A.chices選擇；B.trends趨勢；C.relatins關(guān)系；D.secrets秘密。根據(jù)“It’s yur ptin hw yu live yur life”（如何生活是你自己的選擇）可知，此處是指生活就是選擇。故選A。
【3題詳解】
考查副詞辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，他很快被發(fā)現(xiàn)并送往醫(yī)院。A.Nrmally正常地；B.Obviusly明顯地；C.Hpefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)“he was fund quickly and rushed t the hspital”可知，這件事很幸運(yùn)。故選D。
【4題詳解】
考查動詞辨析。句意：經(jīng)過8個(gè)小時(shí)的手術(shù)和數(shù)周的精心護(hù)理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released釋放；C.distinguished區(qū)分；D.abandned拋棄。根據(jù)“After 8 hurs f surgery and weeks f intensive care”可知，此處是指他出院了。故選B。
【5題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：后來，當(dāng)我們再次見面時(shí)，我問杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gne thrugh通過；B.put up張貼；C.turned in交上；D.called fr要求。根據(jù)“As I lay in the snw, I knew I had tw ptins: One was t live, the ther was t die.”（當(dāng)我躺在雪地上時(shí)，我知道我有兩種選擇：一種是活下去，另一種是死。）可知，此處是指 “我”問杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故選A。
【6題詳解】
考查動詞辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)他們把我推進(jìn)急診室的時(shí)候，我看到了醫(yī)生們臉上的表情，我真的嚇壞了。A.frced強(qiáng)迫；B.fllwed跟隨；C.wheeled用車推；D.recmmended推薦。根據(jù)“int the emergency rm”可知，此處是指用病床推病人進(jìn)急診室。故選C。
【7題詳解】
考查形容詞辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)他們把我推進(jìn)急診室時(shí)候，我看到了醫(yī)生們臉上的表情，我真的嚇壞了。A.bred無聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.cnfused困惑的；D.embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)“He’s a dead man.”（他是個(gè)死人）可知，當(dāng)看到了醫(yī)生們臉上的表情，“我”真的嚇壞了。故選B。
【8題詳解】
考查動詞辨析。句意：我只是想激發(fā)他們的信心。A.express表達(dá)；B.share分享；C.gain獲得；D.inspire激發(fā)。根據(jù)“Operate n me as if I’m alive, nt dead.”（把我當(dāng)活人而不是死人來做手術(shù)。）可知，此處是指激發(fā)他們的信心。故選D。
【9題詳解】
考查名詞辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下來，這要感謝他的醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)，但也因?yàn)樗@人的求生欲望。A.talent天賦；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence證據(jù)。根據(jù)“Operate n me as if I’m alive, nt dead.”（把我當(dāng)活人而不是死人來做手術(shù)。）可知，此處是指他的求生欲望。故選C。
【10題詳解】
考查名詞辨析。句意：畢竟，你的態(tài)度決定一切。A.attitude態(tài)度；B.standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；C.ability能力；D.cntrl控制。根據(jù)“I learn frm him that every day we have the chice t live fully. ”（我從他那里學(xué)到了每一天我們都可以選擇活得充實(shí)。）可知，選擇很重要，態(tài)度很重要。故選A。
第二節(jié) (共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)
A
閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
A Lndn Marathn runner saw a cmpetitr wh needed help. The cmpetitr had fallen t the grund, s he ____11____ (pick) him up. When he fell dwn again, he decided t supprt him t the finish line 200 metres away. Matthew, the runner wh ____12____ (selfless) helped his cmpetitr, became famus n the Internet. The tw runners became friends and ____13____ (meet) at next year's Lndn Marathn, hpefully.
【答案】11. picked
12. selflessly
13. will meet
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是馬拉松選手馬修在比賽中幫助競爭對手，并和對手成為了好朋友。
【11題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：競爭者摔倒在地上，所以他把他扶了起來。通篇時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)，空格處用過去式picked，故填picked。
【12題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：馬修，那個(gè)無私地幫助他的競爭對手的賽跑者，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上出名了?？崭裉幱酶痹~修飾動詞helped，selfless的副詞是selflessly，意為“無私地”，故填selflessly。
【13題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這兩位選手成為了朋友，并有望在明年的倫敦馬拉松比賽上相遇。由next year's可知，句子用一般將來時(shí)，因此空格處是will meet，故填will meet。
B
閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Depp is a shpping app which yung peple use t buy and sell ____14____ (use) clthes. Mre than 30 millin peple frm 150 cuntries use the app, and sme experts believe that Depp will have a big impact n glbal clthes cmpanies. One f the peple ____15____ sell clthes n Depp is 20-year-ld Mira Camps. She has abut 40, 000 fllwers and ____16____ (sell) clthes nline is her jb. Mira and her brther buy ld clthes, take phts f them, and then sell them. Yung peple like sustainable shpping ____17____ it is better fr the planet.
【答案】14. used
15. wh##that
16. selling
17. because
【解析】
【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了小程序Depp深受年輕人喜歡，他們可以在上面買賣舊衣服。
【14題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：Depp是一個(gè)年輕人用來買賣舊衣服的購物應(yīng)用程序。分析句子可知，提示詞在句中作定語，修飾名詞clthes，應(yīng)使用其形容詞形式used，表示“用過的，舊的”。故填used。
【15題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：20歲的Mira Camps是在Depp上賣衣服的人之一。分析句子可知，空格處為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞peple，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞wh或that引導(dǎo)該定語從句。故填wh/that。
【16題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：她有大約4萬名粉絲，在網(wǎng)上賣衣服是她的工作。分析句子可知，“(sell) clthes nline”是句子主語，應(yīng)用動名詞selling作主語。故填selling。
【17題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：年輕人喜歡可持續(xù)購物，因?yàn)檫@對地球更好。根據(jù)句意可知，“it is better fr the planet”是“Yung peple like sustainable shpping”是原因，所以用從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填because。
C
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Discvering yurself plays an imprtant rle in inspiring yur cnfidence. By ding s, yu culd knw ___18___ yu are weak in. And yu may als realize yu’re quite a great persn ___19___ great strengths. S when yu’re in a hard situatin, yu will believe in yurself and spend the mst difficult time with cnfidence. Otherwise, yu may give up and then lse everything. Therefre, the ability ___20___ (trust) yurself will decide yur future a lt.
【答案】18. what
19. with 20. t trust
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹發(fā)現(xiàn)自我可以激發(fā)自信心，讓我們能充滿自信地度過艱難時(shí)刻。
【18題詳解】
考查賓語從句。句意：通過這樣做，你可以知道你弱點(diǎn)是什么。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，指物，需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what。
【19題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：你可能也會意識到你是一個(gè)非常優(yōu)秀的人，有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。表示“具有”應(yīng)用介詞with。故填with。
【20題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：因此，相信自己的能力將在很大程度上決定你的未來。修飾名詞ability需用動詞不定式t trust，作后置定語。故填t trust。
第二部分閱讀理解 (共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié) (共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Occasins like anniversaries weddings and reunins call fr special event venues （場地）.The fllwing places may have a way ut. There's n need t spend mney creating atmsphere at special event venues. It's built right in!
Hard Rck Cafe Anchrage
415 E. STREET, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501
Events, like great music are brn f inspiratin. Featuring a 13,600-square-ft facility that will seat 275 guests with private event space, we pride urselves n delivering an exceptinal experience with a rck and rll twist fr each f ur guests.
Business Exp Center
1960 S. ANAHEIM WAY, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805
The Business Exp Center is Orange Cunty's premier event venue in Anaheim, Califrnia. Our flexible 36,000-square-ft exp center is hme t space fr cnferences, trade shws and celebratins. We pride urselves n prviding a memrable experience with excellent flexibility, services, and cst savings. We wn't charge custmers fr n-site parking and prvide high-speed Wi-Fi.
Autmbile Driving Museum
610 LAIRPORT STREET, EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA 90245
Centrally lcated in the Suth Bay beach cmmunity f El Segund, Califrnia, the ADM ffers a wnderful venue fr private parties and crprate events. Cnveniently lcated 5 minutes suth f LAX, right ff the 405 and 105 Freeways, the 610 Lairprt space has a vintage feel surrunded by ur primary autmbile cllectin. We ffer several different venues inside and utside ur facility fr diverse events. T better ur service, reservatins are needed.
Yamashir Hllywd
1999 N. SYCAMORE AVE., LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90068
Yamashir Hllywd is a restaurant and therefre, all fd and beverages must be handled in huse. Hwever, guests are allwed t bring in utside wine and champagne fr a crkage fee.
21. What can yu d in Business Exp Center?
A. Enjy free parking.
B. Bring in utside wine.
C. Experience a rck and rll twist.
D. See sme autmbile cllectins.
22. Which venue d yu need t bk in advance?
A. Business Exp Center.
B. Yamashir Hllywd.
C. Hard Rck Cafe Anchrage.
D. Autmbile Driving Museum.
23. What d the fur venues have in cmmn?
A. They ffer ptinal places.
B. They are pen t special events.
C. They are lcated in the same state.
D. They enjy cnvenient transprtatin.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了幾個(gè)適合舉辦周年紀(jì)念日、婚禮和團(tuán)聚等活動的場所。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Business Exp Center部分中的“We wn't charge custmers fr n-site parking and prvide high-speed Wi-Fi.”可知，我們不會向客戶收取現(xiàn)場停車費(fèi)，并且會提供高速Wi-Fi，由此可知，在商務(wù)會展中心你可以享受免費(fèi)停車，故A項(xiàng)正確。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Autmbile Driving Museum部分中的“T better ur service, reservatins are needed.”可知，為了讓您獲得更好的服務(wù)，需要預(yù)訂，由此可知，汽車駕駛博物館需要提前預(yù)訂，故D項(xiàng)正確。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Occasins like anniversaries, weddings and reunins call fr special event venues. The fllwing places may have a way ut.”可知，像周年紀(jì)念日、婚禮和聚會這樣的場合需要特殊的活動場所，以下地方就是這樣的場所，由此可知，這四個(gè)場館的共同之處是它們都對對特殊活動開放，故B項(xiàng)正確。
B
The Great Bk Swap
Hi, sixth graders! My name is Tny Hill. I am president f the Windsr High Schl Student Cuncil. Yur teacher let me cme t yur class tday t tell yu abut a reading prject that we want t d, and we need yur help.
If yu’re like me, yu lve t read but smetimes have a hard time finding bks yu want t read. It seems as if the best bks at the library are always checked ut. T help get mre bks int peple’s hands, we’re planning the Great Cmmunity (社區(qū)) Bk Swap.
T make the prject a success, we need everyne’s help. Ask yur parents if there are any unused bks taking up space. Ask yur friends and neighburs t dnate unwanted bks. Maybe yu have bks yu liked when yu were yunger but dn’t read anymre. Bring them t schl and make a yung reader happy. We need all kinds f bks fr all kinds f readers!
There are many times I’d like t g buy new bks, but I dn’t have a lt f mney t spend n them. Wuldn’t it be great t swap bks right here in ur cmmunity? Vlunteers will rganize the dnated bks. Then the bks will be displayed at the cmmunity center. Everyne will be able t read and hpefully find the perfect bk. Students will be allwed t chse up t tw bks during each day f the swap. Our plan is t have the bk swap the first Saturday f every mnth.
If yu like reading, just cme and lk thrugh the cllectin f bks. Each grade will have its wn week t bring in bks. Right nw, eighth grade is bringing in bks. When every grade has brught in bks, we will have quite a selectin. Yu will prbably find at least ne new bk that yu’d like t read. Wh knws? Maybe yu’ll find a bk s gd that yu wn’t be able t put it dwn.
What are yu waiting fr? G hme and clean ut yur bkshelves and clsets!
24. Why did Tny Hill cme t the class f sixth graders?
A. T explain a reading prject.
B. T intrduce a newly-built library.
C. T ask the students t help dnate bks.
D. T give the sixth graders advice n reading.
25. What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. Hw the bk swap will wrk.
B. When bks will be brught in.
C. What kinds f bks are needed.
D. Why the bk swap is necessary.
26. What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicate?
A. Mre bks are needed in the future.
B. Vlunteers play an imprtant rle in the prject.
C. Everyne is sure t be able t find the bks he wants.
D. Students have already started helping with the bk swap.
27. Which f the fllwing wrds best describes Tny Hill?
A. Realistic.B. Cnvincing.C. Independent.D. Ambitius.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要是托尼·希爾勸說六年級的學(xué)生捐贈圖書的演講，幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)閱讀項(xiàng)目。
【24題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“My name is Tny Hill. I am president f the Windsr High Schl Student Cuncil. Yur teacher let me cme t yur class tday t tell yu abut a reading prject that we want t d, and we need yur help.(我叫托尼·希爾。我是溫莎高中學(xué)生會主席。你們的老師讓我今天來你們班告訴你們一個(gè)我們想做的閱讀項(xiàng)目，我們需要你們的幫助。)”可知，托尼·希爾來到六年級的課堂是為了要求學(xué)生幫助捐贈書籍。故選C。
【25題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Vlunteers will rganize the dnated bks. Then the bks will be displayed at the cmmunity center. Everyne will be able t read and hpefully find the perfect bk. Students will be allwed t chse up t tw bks during each day f the swap. Our plan is t have the bk swap the first Saturday f every mnth.(志愿者將整理捐贈的圖書。然后這些書將在社區(qū)中心展出。每個(gè)人都將能夠閱讀，并希望找到完美的書。學(xué)生將被允許在每天的交換中選擇最多兩本書。我們的計(jì)劃是在每個(gè)月的第一個(gè)星期六進(jìn)行圖書交換。)”可知，第四段主要介紹了圖書交換是如何進(jìn)行的。故選A。
【26題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“If yu like reading, just cme and lk thrugh the cllectin f bks. Each grade will have its wn week t bring in bks.(如果你喜歡讀書，就來看看我們的藏書吧。每個(gè)年級都有自己的一周來帶書。)”可知，劃線句子表明學(xué)生們已經(jīng)開始幫助交換圖書了。故選D。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“What are yu waiting fr? G hme and clean ut yur bkshelves and clsets!(你還在等什么？回家把你的書架和壁櫥清理干凈！)”可知，Tny Hill來勸同學(xué)們捐贈書籍，因此他是一個(gè)又說服力的人。故選B。
C
NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asterid (小行星) 11.3 millin kilmeters away at a speed, changing the asterid’s rbit and lwered its cycle perid by 15 minutes, the space rganizatin annunced n Mnday.
Sme said the mve shws the wrld might nw be able t prevent asterids—the kind that made the dinsaurs extinct—frm hitting the Earth. The asterid that was cntrlled belnged t a duble-asterid system. It had a 160-meter diameter while the ther asterid’s diameter is ver 500 meters. The bigger asterid can be cmpared t the ne that ended the dinsaur era 67 millin years ag. A hit frm an asterid that size can cause unimaginable destructin.
Hwever, it is t early t assert that the wrld has gained the ability t prevent asterids frm hitting us. The asterid that was cntrlled was nly 160 meters in size. Its cycle perid was changed, withut changing its rbit significantly. It is still nt clear if the rbit f a much larger asterid headed tward the Earth can be changed successfully.
In brief, NASA’s success in changing the curse f a harmful asterid is definitely praisewrthy, but much mre needs t be dne befre we can say the wrld’s security frm sme unpredictable asterid is guaranteed.
It shuld be nted that changing the rbit f an asterid invlves mre than just sending an bject int space and cmmanding it t hit the asterid. While it is hard enugh t hit an asterid, it is even mre difficult t lck nt ne in the first place. It means having the ability t bserve appraching asterids, measuring their respective speeds, and deciding which nes might pse a danger t the Earth.
Therefre, there’s mre t Dart hitting the asterid than meets the eye. And these are key areas where glbal scientists need t wrk harder in the future.
28. What was the latest news abut NASA?
A. Its new prgram failed.
B. Its manned spaceship hit an asterid.
C. Its spacecraft changed an asterid’s rbit.
D. Its spacecraft saved the earth frm being destryed.
29. What can we learn abut the asterid that was hit?
A. It was cmparatively small in size.
B. Its rbit was changed significantly.
C. It travelled at a higher speed than befre.
D. It was pwerful enugh t end dinsaur era.
30. What is the authr’s attitude tward using spacecrafts t change the asterids rbits?
A. Neutral.B. Optimistic.C. Pessimistic.D. Nt mentined.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了美國航天局的宇宙飛船擊中了小行星，并改變了其運(yùn)動軌道。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asterid (小行星) 11.3 millin kilmeters away at a speed, changing the asterid’s rbit and lwered its cycle perid by I5 minutes, the space rganizatin annunced n Mnday. (國際空間組于周一宣布，美國航天局宇宙飛船Dart以極快的速度擊中了1130公里以外的一顆小行星，改變了它的軌道并且縮短了它的周期)”可知，飛船由于撞擊小行星，改變了小行星的運(yùn)行軌道和周期。故選C。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The asterid that was cntrlled was nly 160 meters in size. Its cycle perid was changed, withut changing its rbit significantly. It is still nt clear if the rbit f a much larger asterid headed tward the Earth can be changed successfully.(被控制的小行星只有160米大。它的周期改變了，但軌道沒有明顯改變。目前還不清楚一顆更大的小行星朝向地球的軌道能否成功改變)”可推知，相對來說，這顆小行星比較小。故選A。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“In brief, NASA’s success in changing the curse f a harmful asterid is definitely praisewrthy, but much mre needs t be dne befre we can say the wrld’s security frm sme unpredictable asterid is guaranteed.(簡而言之，NASA成功地改變了一顆有害小行星的運(yùn)行軌跡，這無疑是值得稱贊的，但我們還需要做更多的工作，才能保證世界免受一些不可預(yù)測的小行星的威脅)”可推知，作者對于太空飛船改變小行星軌道是贊賞的態(tài)度。故選B。
D
Dn’t put it ff, d it nw!
Why d we spend s much time nt ding the wrk we shuld d, r putting ff small jbs that have piled up t create a big prblem? Prcrastinating, as putting things ff like this is called, is in ur character we have naturally since birth; we avid dull r difficult jbs until it’s t late t d anything else.
“We ften put things ff althugh we knw it will make life mre stressful,” says Dr. Steel, an authrity n the science f mtivatin. “If these tasks were fun, we’d just d them nw. We put ff what is difficult r unpleasant, such as the paperwrk that needs ding befre leaving the ffice r cleaning the bits f yur hme that peple can’t see. But the fact is, the less peple prcrastinate, the mre mney they have, the better relatinships they have, and the healthier they are.” This is bvius when yu lk at the cuples wh dn’t argue abut whether anyne has cleaned the kitchen, and the peple wh simply g fr a run instead f endlessly rescheduling it in their heads.
Of curse, there are the rest f us, wh feel the small jbs piling up arund us daily. “We’ve evlved t respnd t the mment, and nt t set ur sights t far in an uncertain wrld,” Dr. Steel adds. “We are nt set up t appreciate lng-term rewards, whether it’s the benefit f a fur-year degree, ding exercise r dieting. We usually feel the cst nw and the reward cmes much later.” Accrding t Dr. Steel, we have tw decisin-making systems. They are the limbic, which is respnsible fr the shrt term, and the prefrntal crtex, which deals with the future. We bunce between lng-term gals and shrt-term temptatins, s we need gals that will translate ur plans fr the limbic system.
Let’s take the example f students’ writing essays. They shuld set themselves targets and wrd cunts per day. These are thus turned frm seemingly endless tasks int smething cncrete with measured prgress. Dr. Steel recmmends such techniques, r “pre-cmmitments”, adding that leaving yu a mnth befre the “deadline” makes it mre likely a task will be cmpleted. The benefit is that yu’ll avid the embarrassment f nt fllwing up n smething peple are expecting yu t d—telling everyne yu are ging t take up jgging makes yu mre likely t d s.
Overcming prcrastinatin finally cmes dwn t planning, which, if yu’re nt careful, becmes prcrastinatin in itself. But it is wrth making sure yu have everything in place. “Successful peple dn’t pretend they dn’t prcrastinate,” Dr. Steel says. “Peple wh pretend they have willpwer are less successful.” Instead, plan fr prcrastinatin: make yur wrk envirnment a temple f prductivity by cutting ut what stps yu paying yur attentin, s yu can really fcus n mving frward.
31. What des the authr say abut prcrastinatin in Paragraph 1?
A. It is smething many peple can’t help.
B. It is an excuse peple ften use in public.
C. It is caused by the technlgy in peple’s life.
D. It is mre cmmn when peple have small jbs t d.
32. In paragraph 3, Dr. Steel believes that peple wh prcrastinate shuld ______.
A. attempt t vercme their natural tendencies
B. take the advice f thers in the same situatin
C. be aware that their prblem is relatively small
D. find ut mre abut the way they make decisins
33. Why des Dr. Steel recmmend making “pre-cmmitments” in Paragraph 4?
A. They are an alternative t impssible gals.
B. They make challenges feel mre manageable.
C. They are an effective way f impressing thers.
D. They allw peple t achieve their aims sner.
34. What des the authr d by saying the underlined sentence?
A. Encurage the reader t develp plans effectively.
B. Advise the reader t deal with cmplex tasks quickly.
C. Warn the reader against spending t lng getting rganized.
D. Remind the reader t take the time t fcus prperly n a task.
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【分析】本文屬于議論文，主要介紹拖延癥的影響以及處理拖延癥需要注意的事項(xiàng)。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Prcrastinating, as putting things ff like this is called, is in ur character we have naturally since birth; we avid dull r difficult jbs until it’s t late t d anything else.可知，拖延癥是我們出生就在我們的性格里面的東西，我們逃避一些枯燥或者困難的事情直到太晚而什么都做不了，故可知，拖延癥是很多人無法擺脫的，因?yàn)樘焐陀校蔬xA.
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“We’ve evlved t respnd t the mment, and nt t set ur sights t far in an uncertain wrld,” Dr. Steel adds.可知，我們進(jìn)化為對當(dāng)下的東西做出反應(yīng)，而對未來的沒有前瞻性，故可知，要克服拖延癥，還必須要克服天性，故選A。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段These are thus turned frm seemingly endless tasks int smething cncrete with measured prgress. Dr. Steel recmmends such techniques, r “pre-cmmitments”, adding that leaving yu a mnth befre the “deadline” makes it mre likely a task will be cmpleted.可知，pre-cmmitments就是把一些似乎無盡的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換成一些可以量化進(jìn)步的具體事務(wù)，在截止日期前給自己一個(gè)月的時(shí)間讓任務(wù)完成得可能性更高，故可知，pre-cmmitments會讓自己的要做的事情更可控，故選B。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。本句意思為，最終解決拖延癥落實(shí)到了計(jì)劃，但是如果不小心，計(jì)劃本身就會成為拖延癥的一種表現(xiàn)，故可知，要計(jì)劃，計(jì)劃之后要立即落實(shí)，故作者說這句話的意義在于警告計(jì)劃不能太拖延，故選C。
第二節(jié) (共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. ____35____
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注冊) r funding. ____38____ Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result? Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A. Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B. Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C. Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D. Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E. Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何選擇高校提供了一些建議。
【35題詳解】
根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(對于美國的學(xué)生和他們的家人來說，這是一年中既快樂又緊張的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樗麄円獩Q定去哪里上大學(xué)。家庭經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)來幫助做決定。)”可知，美國的學(xué)生和家人們在決定去哪兒上大學(xué)時(shí)，經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)。而根據(jù)下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”可推斷出，本文主要講述的是排名方面出現(xiàn)的問題。選項(xiàng)D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素：教學(xué)質(zhì)量。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出大學(xué)排名存在的問題；而根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容也可以推斷，排名中存在的問題是教學(xué)質(zhì)量被忽略。故選D。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作為一名研究高等教育的學(xué)者，當(dāng)我與一些家庭交談時(shí)，他們常常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)水平并沒有被納入排名。)”可知，大學(xué)排名中優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)水平并沒有被納入排名讓人們覺得很驚訝。選項(xiàng)F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更讓他們驚訝的是，大學(xué)竟然低估了教學(xué)的價(jià)值。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的都是大學(xué)排名忽略教學(xué)質(zhì)量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故選F。
【37題詳解】
空前內(nèi)容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”以及空后內(nèi)容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考慮到高質(zhì)量教學(xué)與學(xué)生成功之間的聯(lián)系，排名中沒有優(yōu)秀教學(xué)令人驚訝。優(yōu)質(zhì)教學(xué)是衡量大學(xué)成績的最重要因素之一。)”講述的都是大學(xué)排名中沒有考慮到教學(xué)。選項(xiàng)G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事實(shí)上，大學(xué)經(jīng)常把重點(diǎn)從教學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他排名因素上。)”與上下文內(nèi)容相一致，故選G。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注冊) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中對教學(xué)重視程度較低的一個(gè)原因。管理者通常不會將卓越的教學(xué)視為增加入學(xué)率或資金的一種方式。)”可知，上文分析了教學(xué)不被納入排名的原因，該空應(yīng)該講其后果。選項(xiàng)B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晉升中不受重視。)”是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，正因?yàn)楣芾砣藛T通常不把卓越的教學(xué)視為增加入學(xué)率或增加資金的一種方式，所以教學(xué)在招聘和晉升中不受重視。故選B。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(盡管如此，在擁有高質(zhì)量教學(xué)的學(xué)校獲得更多資源、更高排名和增加入學(xué)人數(shù)之前，不會有太大變化。從長遠(yuǎn)來看，大學(xué)、學(xué)校排名組織和其他機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該努力使教學(xué)成為使命的一個(gè)有價(jià)值的核心部分。)”可知，此處算是站在大學(xué)的角度，提出如何把教學(xué)當(dāng)成他們的首要核心任務(wù)。根據(jù)“Nevertheless”可知，空處內(nèi)容和下文內(nèi)容存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)E“Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改進(jìn)教學(xué)水平的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。)”與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，旨在說明，促使教學(xué)成為核心任務(wù)的艱巨性和重要性。故選E。
【點(diǎn)睛】
第三部分書面表達(dá) (共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共 4 小題；第 40、41 題各 2 分, 第 42 題 3 分, 第 43 題 5 分, 共 12 分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take sme time t develp.
Frm arund the age f fur, children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs. This emerging capacity, knwn as Thery f Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Mre, a clinical psychlgist. “They becme better at imagining smene else’s perspective and this stimulates mre intimate (親密的) friendships.”
Children ften have a practical view f friendship, frming clse bnds with peers in the playgrund r classrm, says Kennedy-Mre. “It is a ‘lve the ne yu’re with’ apprach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage ver adults is that they are in the rm with 25 thers in their stage f life,” she says. “In adulthd it takes thughtful effrt t find and develp friendships.” Accrding t ne study, adults must spend arund 50 hurs tgether t g frm mere acquaintance (相識的人) t a casual friend, 90 hurs tgether befre they cnsider each ther as friends, and mre than 200 hurs t becme clse friends wh share an emtinal cnnectin.
Psychlgists say best friendships can help children prepare fr clse relatinships, including rmantic nes, as they grw up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in lve, “says Kennedy-Mre.
“Clse friendships in childhd help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relatinships thrughut their lives. They learn abut ther peple, and abut themselves, t deal with feelings like envy, lneliness, and sadness.”
“If children dn’t talk abut friends at hme, it desn’t mean they dn’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style f interacting with thers.
Parents can help their children in develping friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl. “The frmula is: watch then get invlved.” says Kennedy-Mre. “Parents shuld teach their children t watch what ther children are ding, then encurage them t slide int the actin withut interrupting.”
40. What capacity d children develp frm abut the age f fur accrding t Kennedy-Mre?
41. What is the disadvantage fr adults t develp friendships cmpared with children?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
43. List sme ther ways yu usually use t develp r maintain yur friendship.(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40. Children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs.
41. It takes thughtful effrt mre time t find and develp friendships.
42. Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
Accrding t the passage, parents shuld encurage their children t watch and slide int the actin withut interrupting instead f crrecting them frm time t time.
43. I will directly tell my friends that I want t talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen t them carefully. Mst imprtantly, I will let them knw that I am trustwrthy and that we can becme clser friends.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了發(fā)展和維持友誼是一項(xiàng)需要時(shí)間培養(yǎng)的技能，童年時(shí)期的親密友誼有助于孩子的成長，家長可以采取方式幫助孩子建立友誼。
【40題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Frm arund the age f fur, children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs. This emerging capacity, knwn as Thery f Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Mre, a clinical psychlgist.(從四歲左右開始，孩子們就開始理解其他人可能有不同于他們的想法、興趣和感受。臨床心理學(xué)家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩爾說，這種被稱為心理理論的新興能力有助于兒童交朋友)”可知，從四歲左右開始，孩子們就開始理解其他人可能有不同于他們的想法、興趣和感受，故答案為Children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs.
【41題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段““In adulthd it takes thughtful effrt t find and develp friendships.” Accrding t ne study, adults must spend arund 50 hurs tgether t g frm mere acquaintance t a casual friend, 90 hurs tgether befre they cnsider each ther as friends, and mre than 200 hurs t becme clse friends wh share an emtinal cnnectin.(“成年后，尋找和發(fā)展友誼需要深思熟慮的努力?！备鶕?jù)一項(xiàng)研究，成年人必須在一起50個(gè)小時(shí)左右，才能從單純的熟人變成普通朋友；在一起90個(gè)小時(shí)后，才能把彼此視為朋友；在一起200個(gè)小時(shí)以上，才能成為擁有共同情感的親密朋友)”可知，與兒童相比，成年人發(fā)展友誼的劣勢是成年人尋找和發(fā)展友誼需要深思熟慮的努力，故答案為It takes thughtful effrt mre time t find and develp friendships.
【42題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“Parents can help their children in develping friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl. “The frmula is: watch then get invlved.” says Kennedy-Mre. “Parents shuld teach their children t watch what ther children are ding, then encurage them t slide int the actin withut interrupting.”(家長可以在校外組織有趣的聚會，幫助孩子建立友誼。“方法是：觀察然后參與?！笨夏岬稀つ栒f。“家長應(yīng)該教孩子觀察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓勵他們在不打斷的情況下投入到行動中?！?”可知，父母應(yīng)該鼓勵他們的孩子觀看并在不打斷的情況下進(jìn)入動作，而不是時(shí)不時(shí)地糾正他們，故答案為Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
Accrding t the passage, parents shuld encurage their children t watch and slide int the actin withut interrupting instead f crrecting them frm time t time.
【43題詳解】
開放性題目。我會采取這樣的方式來發(fā)展或維持友誼：我會直接告訴我的朋友，我想和他們談?wù)?，花時(shí)間和他們在一起。此外，當(dāng)他們說話時(shí)，我會仔細(xì)聽他們說話。最重要的是，我會讓他們知道我是值得信賴的，我們可以成為更親密的朋友。故答案為I will directly tell my friends that I want t talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen t them carefully. Mst imprtantly, I will let them knw that I am trustwrthy and that we can becme clser friends.
第二節(jié) (20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你校組織了主題為“愛閱讀，愛思考”的系列讀書活動。請你用英文給英國筆友Jim 寫一封郵件，向他介紹該活動。內(nèi)容包括：
1. 活動目的及形式;
2. 個(gè)人收獲及后續(xù)計(jì)劃。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hw are yu ding? I am writing t tell yu abut sme details abut the activity “Lve reading, Lve thinking” rganized by my schl, Red Star High Schl.
The purpse f this activity is t encurage students t develp the habit f reading and t enhance ur critical thinking abilities. The activities include bk sharing sessins, reading cntests, bk reviews, and discussins n varius tpics related t literature.
Persnally, I find this activity very meaningful and inspiring. I have fund that it has bradened my hrizns, enriched my knwledge and stimulated my interest in reading. After the activity, I plan t cntinue t read widely and t share my insights with my classmates.
I wuld lve t hear yur thughts n this. Lking frward t yur reply.
Best regards,
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給英國好友Jim介紹學(xué)校組織的主題為“愛閱讀，愛思考”的系列讀書活動。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
活動：activity→event
鼓勵：encurage→inspire
提高：enhance→imprve
各種各樣的：varius→a variety f
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：I am writing t tell yu abut sme details abut the activity “Lve reading, Lve thinking” rganized by my schl, Red Star High Schl.
拓展句：I am writing t tell yu abut sme details abut the activity “Lve reading, Lve thinking” which was rganized by my schl, Red Star High Schl.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】I am writing t tell yu abut sme details abut the activity “Lve reading, Lve thinking” rganized by my schl, Red Star High Schl.(運(yùn)用了過去分詞作后置定語）
【高分句型2】I have fund that it has bradened my hrizns, enriched my knwledge and stimulated my interest in reading.(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)

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