2022年高考真題
1.【2022新高考1卷】
B
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
25. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
26. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
27. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
C
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善組織) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing, It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
29. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.D. She has develped a strng persnality.
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
D
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (對(duì)齊), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (結(jié)構(gòu)), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a
cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
2.【2022年全國(guó)甲卷】
B
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (對(duì)稱(chēng)的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin
alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (線索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
C
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鵝) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
3.【2022全國(guó)乙卷】
B
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y. — Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd — traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (堅(jiān)忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl.B. T study American histry.
C. T write a bk.D. T d sightseeing.
25. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.
26. Which part f Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn.B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies.D. The natural beauty f the West.
27. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
C
Can a small grup f drnes (無(wú)人機(jī)) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
28. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.B. Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes.D. Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
30. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A. T prvide early warning.B. T make trains run autmatically.
C T earn prfits fr the crews.D. T accelerate transprtatin.
31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
D
The Gvernment’s sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖). It is believed that tday’s children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make ￡520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate ￡240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers’ effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (設(shè)施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A T cllect mney fr schls.B. T imprve the quality f drinks.
C. T prtect children’s health.D. T encurage research in educatin.
33. Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A. They turned t verseas markets.B. They raised the prices f their prducts.
C. They cut dwn n their prductin.D. They reduced their prducts’ sugar cntent.
34. Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A. Mst alchlic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Cke.
35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets custmers.
4.【2022年新高考2卷C篇】
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. "
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm. B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer.
5.【2022年新高考2卷D篇】
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (無(wú)氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise. ” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all. ”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
12. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising. B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit. D. The aging prcess f the heart.
13. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type. D. Previus physical cnditin.
14. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
15. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
2021年高考真題
1.【2021新高考1卷 C篇】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans have taken care f these precius natural resurses wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl（水禽）were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat（棲息地）.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry（遷徙的）waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a
billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
1.What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A.Lss f wetlands. B.Ppularity f water sprts.
C.Pllutin f rivers. D.Arrival f ther wild animals.
2.What des the underlined wrd "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Exprt. C.Destry. D.Distribute.
3.What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A.The stamp price has gne dwn.
B.The migratry birds have flwn away.
C.The hunters have stpped hunting.
D.The gvernment has cllected mney.
4.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A.The Federal Duck Stamp Stry
B.The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C.The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl
D.The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
2.【2021全國(guó)甲卷 B篇】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育） prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf （犀牛幼崽）. When the tiny creature arrived n January 31. she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity（圈養(yǎng)）.
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: "Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t
g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day."
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a "critically endangered" status.
1.Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A.Cstly. B.Cntrversial. C.Ambitius. D.Successful.
2.What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?
A.She lves staying with her mther.
B.She dislikes utdr activities.
C.She is in gd cnditin.
D.She is sensitive t heat.
3.What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?
A.They had their first brn in January.
B.They enjyed explring new places.
C.They lived with their grandmthers.
D.They were brught t the reserve yung.
4.What can be inferred abut Prt Lympne Reserve?
A.The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B.It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C.It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D.Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
3.【2021全國(guó)甲卷 D篇】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender（性別）are "really, really smart." Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are "really, really smart." Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs（因素） like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld."
1.What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A.They're unfair. B.They're cnservative.
C.They're bjective. D.They're strict.
2.What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A.They think themselves smart.
B.They lk up t great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D.They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs.
3.Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A.Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B.Less discriminatin against wmen.
C.Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D.Changes in peple's scial psitins.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Geniuses Think Alike
B.Genius Takes Many Frms
C.Genius and Intelligence
D.Genius and Luck
4.【2021全國(guó)乙卷 B篇】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座機(jī)）?
These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes, accrding t a survey（調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）—nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn't the nly factr; I'd say it's als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne (using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it).
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
1.What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A.Their target users.
B.Their wide ppularity.
C.Their majr functins.
D.Their cmplex design.
2.What des the underlined wrd "cncede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
3.What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A.They like smartphne games.
B.They enjy guessing callers' identity.
C.They keep using landline phnes.
D.They are attached t their family.
4.What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A.It remains a family necessity.
B.It will fall ut f use sme day.
C.It may increase daily expenses.
D.It is as imprtant as the gas light.
5.【2021全國(guó)乙卷 C篇】
Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the cean—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpcalypse, " a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168, 000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（來(lái)源）f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（說(shuō)明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled "Trucklad f Plastic, " Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10, 000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped（傾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
1.What are Vn Wng's artwrks intended fr?
A.Beautifying the city he lives in.
B.Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C.Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.
D.Reducing garbage n the beach.
2.Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A.T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B.T explain why they are useful.
C.T vice his views n mdern art.
D.T find a substitute fr them.
3.What effect wuld "Trucklad f Plastic" have n viewers?
A.Calming. B.Disturbing.
C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A.Artists' Opinins n Plastic Safety
B.Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C.Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D.Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
6.【2021全國(guó)乙卷 D篇】
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干擾）in his pen ffice, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus." His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分貝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup—thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp—significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise—nt t lud and nt ttal silence—may actually imprve ne's creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f "distracted fcus" appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers' cnversatins while we're trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
1.Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A.It helps him cncentrate.
B.It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C.It has a pleasant atmsphere.
D.It encurages face-t-face interactins.
2.Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A.Ttal silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.
3.What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A.Persnal privacy unprtected.
B.Limited wrking space.
C.Restrictins n grup discussin.
D.Cnstant interruptins.
4.What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A.He's a news reprter.
B.He's an ffice manager.
C.He's a prfessinal designer.
D.He's a published writer.
7.【2021.6 浙江卷 C篇】
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study.
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images（圖像） f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face r images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
The study shwed the animals had figured ut hw t apply what they learned abut human faces during training t new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule ut that the dgs simply distinguish hetween the pictures bused n a simple cue, such as the sight f teeth, " said study anthr Crsin Muller. "Instead, ur results suggest that the surcessful dgs realized that a smiling muth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies t an angry muth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With ur study, we think we can nw cnfidently cnclude that at least sme dgs can distinguish human facial expressins," Muller tld Live Science.
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans."T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins, ” and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
1.The new study fcused n whether dgs can .
A.distinguish shapes
B.make sense f human faces
C.feel happy r angry
D.cmmunicate with each ther
2.What can we learn abut the study frm paragraph 2?
A.Researchers tested the dgs in randm rder.
B.Diverse methds were adpted during training.
C.Pictures used in the tw stages were different.
D.The dgs were phtgraphed befre the test.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A.A suggestin fr future studies.
B.A pssible reasn fr the study findings.
C.A majr limitatin f the study.
D.An explanatin f the research methd.
二、2020年高考真題
1. 【2020·全國(guó)卷I，C】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接觸) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
1. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
2. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
3. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
4. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.
C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
2. 【2020·全國(guó)卷I，D】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(發(fā)光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(電源)-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(傳輸).Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
2. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water
B. T change cmpsitins f plants
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
3. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
3. 【2020·全國(guó)卷 = 2 \* ROMAN II，B】
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(認(rèn)知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋轉(zhuǎn))and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
1. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence.B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl.D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
2. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age.B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin.D. Child-parent relatinship.
3. Hw d by differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgistD. A teaching prgram.
4. 【2020·全國(guó)卷 = 2 \* ROMAN II，C】 When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin (時(shí)裝)enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海貍鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have(shwcased)nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur-unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物種).It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashin. Mdel Paige Mrgan says，”T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them-1 think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She trying t cme up with a lable t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
28. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.
B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.
D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
29. Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abuf wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A. It’s frmal.B. It’s risky.C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditinal.
5. 【2020·全國(guó)卷 = 3 \* ROMAN III，D】
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes(基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突變) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin — nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts (支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land,” said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. “We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In2015, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “it seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin,” said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.D. Significance f fd selectin.
33. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.B. They had a superb way f fishing.C. They culd stay lng underwater.D. They lived n bth land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld’s Best Divers
5. 【2020·山東卷，D】
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly(表面上)participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly abut?
A. Fd safety.B. Mvie viewership.
C. Cnsumer demand.D. Eating behavir.
13. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actr?A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
15. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Hw hungry we are.B. Hw slim we want t be.
C. Hw we perceive thers.D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
三、2019年高考真題
1. 【2019·全國(guó)卷I，C】
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物測(cè)量)technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(裝置)that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏)with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple's identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it's cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn't require a new type f technlgy that peple aren't already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch”fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
28. Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard?
A. T reduce pressure n keys.B. T imprve accuracy in typing
C. T replace the passwrd system.D. T cut the cst f e-space prtectin.
29. What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible？
A. Cmputers are much easier t perate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develp fast.
C. Typing patterns vary frm persn t persn.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard？all 1 sisgitiec ll.
A. It'll be envirnment-friendly.B. It'll reach cnsumers sn.
C. It'll be made f plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.
31. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary.B. A guidebkC. A nvel.D. A magazine.
2. 【2019·全國(guó)卷I，D】
During the rsy years f elementary schl(小學(xué)), I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers, amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, as well as thse least liked in elementary schl, are “mst likely t engage(從事)in dangerus and risky behavir.”
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents, scring the least liked, the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys(調(diào)查研究). “We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us."
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play date-sharing, kindness, penness — carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research，Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. "Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What srt f girl was the authr in her early years f elementary schl?
A. Unkind.B. Lnely.C. Generus.D. Cl.
33. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut？
A. The classificatin f the ppular.
B. The characteristics f adlescents.
C. The imprtance f interpersnal skills.
D. The causes f dishnrable behavir
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find abut the mst liked kids?
A. They appeared t be aggressive.
B. They tended t be mre adaptable.
C. They enjyed the highest status.
D. They perfrmed well academically.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Be Nice-Yu Wn’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-Yu Can Make It
D. Mre Self-Cntrl, Less Aggressiveness
4. 【2019·全國(guó)卷II，D】
Bacteria are an annying prblem fr astrnauts. The micrrganisms(微生物) frm ur bdies grw uncntrllably n surfaces f the Internatinal Space Statin, s astrnauts spend hurs cleaning them up each week. Hw is NASA vercming this very tiny big prblem? It’s turning t a bunch f high schl kids. But nt just any kids. It depending n NASA HUNCH high schl class, like the ne science teachers Gene Grdn and Dnna Himmelberg lead at Fairprt High Schl in Fairprt, New Yrk.
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers. Fr the past tw years, Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity, and they think they’re clse t a slutin(解決方案). “We dn’t give the students any breaks. They have t d it just like NASA engineers,” says Flrence Gld, a prject manager.
“There are n tests,” Grdn says. “There is n graded hmewrk. There almst are n grades, ther than‘Are yu wrking twards yur gal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve gt t prduce this prduct and then, at the end
f year, present it t NASA.’ Engineers cme and really d an in-persn review, and…it’s nt a very nice thing at time. It’s a hard business review f yur prduct.”
Grdn says the HUNCH prgram has an impact(影響) n cllege admissins and practical life skills. “These kids are s absrbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dn’t teach.” And that annying bacteria? Grdn says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers abut the prblem, readying a wrkable slutin t test in space.
32. What d we knw abut the bacteria in the Internatinal Space Statin?
A. They are hard t get rid f.B. They lead t air pllutin.
C. They appear different frms.D. They damage the instruments.
33. What is the purpse f the HUNCH prgram?
A. T strengthen teacher-student relatinships.B. T sharpen students’ cmmunicatin skills.
C. T allw students t experience zer gravity.D. T link space technlgy with schl educatin
34. What d the NASA engineers d fr the students in the prgram?
A. Check their prduct.B. Guide prject designs
C. Adjust wrk schedules.D. Grade their hmewrk.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. NASA: The Hme f Astrnauts.
B. Space: The Final Hmewrk Frntier.
C. Nature: An Outdr Classrm.
D. HUNCH:A Cllege Admissin Refrm.
3. 【2019·全國(guó)卷III，C】
Befre the 1830smst newspapers were sld thrugh annual subscriptins in America, usually $8 t $10 a year. Tday $8 r $10 seems a small amunt f mney, but at that time these amunts were frbidding t mst citizens. Accrdingly, newspapers were read almst nly by rich peple in plitics r the trades. In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience. They were dull and visually frbidding. But the revlutin that was taking place in the 1830s wuld change all that.
The trend, then, was tward the "penny paper"-a term referring t papers made widely available t the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps mre imprtantly it meant newspapers that culd be bught in single cpies n the street.
This develpment did nt take place vernight. It had been pssible(but nt easy)t buy single cpies f
newspapers befre 1830,but this usually meant the reader had t g dwn t the printer's ffice t purchase a cpy. Street sales were almst unknwn. Hwever, within a few years, street sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplace in eastern cities. At first the price f single cpies was seldm a penny-usually tw r three cents was charged-and sme f the lder well-knwn papers charged five r six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and sn there wuld be papers that did indeed sell fr nly a penny.
This new trend f newspapers fr "the man n the street" did nt begin well. Sme f the early ventures(企業(yè))were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, peple wh were wners f successful papers, had little desire t change the traditin. It tk a few yuthful and daring businessmen t get the ball rlling.
28. Which f the fllwing best describes newspapers in America befre the 1830s?
A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Cnfidential.
29. What did street sales mean t newspapers?
A. They wuld be priced higher.B. They wuld disappear frm cities.
C. They culd have mre readers.D. They culd regain public trust.
30. Wh were the newspapers f the new trend targeted at?
A. Lcal pliticians.B. Cmmn peple.
C. Yung publishers.D. Rich businessmen.
31. What can we say abut the birth f the penny paper?
A. It was a difficult prcess.B. It was a temprary success.
C. It was a rbbery f the pr.D. It was a disaster fr printers.
5. 【2019·全國(guó)卷III，D】
Mnkeys seem t have a way with numbers.
A team f researchers trained three Rhesus mnkeys t assciate 26 clearly different symbls cnsisting f numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drps f water r juice as a reward. The researchers then tested hw the mnkeys cmbined—r added—the symbls t get the reward.
Here's hw Harvard Medical Schl scientist Margaret Livingstne, wh led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the mnkeys were prvided with tuch screens. On ne part f the screen, a symbl wuld appear, and n the ther side tw symbls inside a circle were shwn. Fr example, the number 7 wuld flash n ne side f the screen and the ther end wuld have 9 and 8. If the mnkeys tuched the left side f the screen they wuld be rewarded with seven drps f water r juice; if they went fr the circle, they wuld be rewarded with the sum f the numbers—17 in this example.After running hundreds f tests, the researchers nted that the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values mre than half the time, indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin, nt just memrizing the value f each cmbinatin.
When the team examined the results f the experiment mre clsely, they nticed that the mnkeys tended t underestimate(低估)a sum cmpared with a single symbl when the tw were clse in value—smetimes chsing, fr example, a 13 ver the sum f 8 and 6. The underestimatin was systematic: When adding tw numbers, the mnkeys always paid attentin t the larger f the tw, and then added nly a fractin(小部分)f the smaller number t it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstne says. “But in this experiment what they're ding is paying mre attentin t the big number than the little ne.”
32. What did the researchers d t the mnkeys befre testing them?
A. They fed them.B. They named them.
C. They trained them.D. They measured them.
33. Hw did the mnkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle.B. By tuching a screen.
C. By watching vides.D. By mixing tw drinks.
34. What did Livingstne's team find abut the mnkeys?
A. They culd perfrm basic additin.B. They culd understand simple wrds.
C. They culd memrize numbers easily.D. They culd hld their attentin fr lng.
35. In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Educatin.D. Science.
6. 【2019·北京卷，C】
The prblem f rbcalls has gtten s bad that many peple nw refuse t pick up calls frm numbers they dn't knw. By next year，half f the calls we receive will be scams(欺詐).We are finally waking up t the severity f the prblem by supprting and develping a grup f tls，apps and appraches intended t prevent scammers frm getting thrugh. Unfrtunately，it's t little，t late. By the time these “slutins"(解決方案)becme widely available，scammers will have mved nt cleverer means. In the near future，it's nt just ging t be the number yu see n yur screen that will be in dubt. Sn yu will als questin whether the vice yu're hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number f pwerful vice manipulatin ( 處理 ) and autmatin technlgies that
are abut t becme widely available fr anyne t use .At this year's I/O Cnference ,a cmpany shwed a new vice technlgy able t prduce such a cnvincing human –sunding vice that it was able t speak t a receptinist and bk a reservatin withut detectin.
These develpments are likely t make ur current prblems with rbcalls much wrse. The reasn that rbcalls are a headache has less t d with amunt than precisin A decade f data breaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)f persnal infrmatin has led t a situatin where scammers can easily learn yur mther 's name ，and far mre. Armed with this knwledge. they're able t carry ut individually targeted campaigns t cheat peple. This means. fr example，that a scammer culd call yu frm what lks t be a familiar number and talk t yu using a vice that sunds exactly like yur bank teller 's，ricking yu int "cnfirming " yur address，mther's name，and card number. Scammers fllw mney，s cmpanies will be the wrst hit. A lt f business is still dne ver the phne，and much f it is based n trust and existing relatinships. Vice manipulatin technlgies may weaken that gradually.
We need t deal with the insecure nature f ur telecm netwrks. Phne carriers and cnsumers need t wrk tgether t find ways f determining and cmmunicating what is real. That might mean either develping a unifrm way t mark vides and images, shwing when and wh they were made by. r abandning phne calls altgether and mving twards data-based cmmunicatins—using apps like Face Time r WhatsApp, which can be tied t yur identity.
Credibility is hard t earn but easy t lse, and the prblem is nly ging t harder frm here n ut.
38. Hw des the authr feel abut the slutins t prblem f rbecalls?
A. Panicked.B. Cnfused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappinted.
39. taking advantage f the new technlgies，scammer can______.
A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread infrmatin widely
40. What des the passage imply?
A. Hnesty is the best plicy.
B. Technlgies can be duble-edited.
C. There are mre slutins than prblems.
D. Credibility hlds the key t develpment.
41. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Where the Prblem f Rbcalls Is RtedB. Wh Is t Blame fr the Prblem f Rbealls
C. Why Rbcalls Are Abut t Get Mre Dangerus
D. Hw Rbcalls Are Affecting the Wrld f Technlgy
7. 【2019·北京卷，D】
By the end f the century，if nt sner，the wrld's ceans will be bluer and greener thanks t a warming climate，accrding t a new study.
At the heart f the phenmenn lie tiny marine micrrganisms(海洋微生物)called phytplanktn. Because f the way light reflects ff the rganisms，these phytplanktn create clurful patterns at the cean surface. Ocean clur varies frm green t blue，depending n the type and cncentratin f phytplanktn. Climate change will fuel the grwth f phytplanktn in sme areas，while reducing it in ther spts，leading t changes in the cean's appearance.
Phytplanktn live at the cean surface，where they pull carbn dixide(二氧化碳)int the cean while giving ff xygen. When these rganisms die，they bury carbn in the deep cean，an imprtant prcess that helps t regulate the glbal climate. But phytplanktn are vulnerable t the cean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics f the cean and can affect phytplanktn grwth，since they need nt nly sunlight and carbn dixide t grw，but als nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center fr Glbal Change Science，built a climate mdel that prjects changes t the ceans thrughut the century. In a wrld that warms up by 3℃，it fund that multiple changes t the clur f the ceans wuld ccur. The mdel prjects that currently blue areas with little phytplanktn culd becme even bluer. But in sme waters，such as thse f the Arctic，a warming will make cnditins riper fr phytplanktn，and these areas will turn greener. “Nt nly are the quantities f phytplanktn in the cean changing. ”she said，“but the type f phytplanktn is changing. ”
42. What are the first tw paragraphs mainly abut?
A. The varius patterns at the cean surface.
B. The cause f the changes in cean clur.
C. The way light reflects ff marine rganisms.
D. The effrts t fuel the grwth f phytplanktn.
43. What des the underlined wrd“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Sensitive.B. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnticeable
44. What can we learn frm the passage?A. Phytplanktn play a declining rle in the marine ecsystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's mdel aims t prject phytplanktn changes
C. Phytplanktn have been used t cntrl glbal climate
D. Oceans with mre phytplanktn may appear greener.
45. What is the main purpse f the passage？
A. T assess the cnsequences f cean clur changes
B. T analyse the cmpsitin f the cean fd chain
C. T explain the effects f climate change n ceans
D. T intrduce a new methd t study phytplanktn
8. 【2019·天津卷，C】
Hw des an ecsystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）wrk？What makes the ppulatins f different species the way they are？Why are there s many flies and s few wlves？T find an answer，scientists have built mathematical mdels f fd webs，nting wh eats whm and hw much each ne eats.
With such mdels，scientists have fund ut sme key principles perating in fd webs. Mst fd webs，fr instance，cnsist f many weak links rather than a few strng nes. When a predatr（掠食動(dòng)物）always eats huge numbers f a single prey（獵物），the tw species are strngly linked；when a predatr lives n varius species，they are weakly linked. Fd webs may be dminated by many weak links because that arrangement is mre stable ver the lng term. If a predatr can eat several species，it can survive the extinctin（滅絕）f ne f them. And if a predatr can mve n t anther species that is easier t find when a prey species becmes rare，the switch allws the riginal prey t recver. The weak links may thus keep species frm driving ne anther t extinctin.
Mathematical mdels have als revealed that fd webs may be unstable，where small changes f tp predatrs can lead t big effects thrughut entire ecsystems. In the 1960s，scientists prpsed that predatrs at the tp f a fd web had a surprising amunt f cntrl ver the size f ppulatins f ther species---including species they did nt directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have prved the idea f tp-dwn cntrl by tp predatrs t be true. In the cean，we fished fr tp predatrs such as cd n an industrial scale，while n land，we killed ff large predatrs such as wlves. These actins have greatly affected the eclgical balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based n mathematical mdels. Ideally，the system wuld tell us when t adapt human activities that are pushing an ecsystem tward a breakdwn r wuld even allw us t pull an ecsystem back frm the brderline. Preventin is key，scientists says because nce ecsystems pass their tipping pint（臨界點(diǎn)），it is remarkably difficult fr them t return.
46. What have scientists discvered with the help f mathematical mdels f fd webs？
A. The living habits f species in fd webs.
B. The rules gverning fd webs f the ecsystems.
C. The appraches t studying the species in the ecsystems.
D. The differences between weak and strng links in fd webs.
47. A strng link is fund between tw species when a predatr______
A. has a wide fd chice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks t ne prey species
D. can quickly mve t anther place
48. What will happen if the ppulatins f tp predatrs in a fd web greatly decline？
A. The prey species they directly attack will die ut.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn int tp predatrs.
C. The living envirnment f ther species will remain unchanged.
D. The ppulatins f ther species will experience unexpected changes.
49. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the examples in Paragraph 4？
A. Uncntrlled human activities greatly upset ecsystems.
B. Rapid ecnmic develpment threatens animal habitats.
C. Species f cmmercial value dminate ther species.
D. Industrial activities help keep fd webs stable.
50. Hw des an early-warning system help us maintain the eclgical balance？
A. By getting illegal practices under cntrl.
B. By stpping us frm killing large predatrs.
C. By bringing the brken-dwn ecsystems back t nrmal.
D. By signaling the urgent need fr taking preventive actin.
9. 【2019·江蘇卷，B】
In the 1960s，while studying the vlcanic histry f Yellwstne Natinal Park，Bb Christiansen became puzzled abut smething that，ddly，had nt trubled anyne befre:he culdn't find the park's vlcan. It had been knwn fr a lng time that Yellwstne was vlcanic in nature — that's what accunted fr all its ht springs and ther steamy features. But Christiansen culdn't find the Yellwstne vlcan anywhere.
Mst f us，when we talk abut vlcanes，think f the classic cne(圓錐體)shapes f a Fuji r Kilimanjar，which are created when erupting magma(巖漿)piles up. These can frm remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised t see smke rising frm a small part f his land. In ne week he was the cnfused wner f a cne five hundred feet high. Within tw years it had tpped ut at almst furteen hundred feet and was mre than half a mile acrss. Altgether there are sme ten thusand f these vlcanes n Earth，all but a few hundred f them extinct. There is，hwever，a secnd les knwn type f vlcan that desn't invlve muntain building. These are vlcanes s explsive that they burst pen in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hle，the caldera. Yellwstne bviusly was f this secnd type，but Christiansen culdn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided t test sme new high-altitude cameras by taking phtgraphs f Yellwstne. A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs' centers. As sn as Christiansen saw the phts，he realized why he had failed t spt the caldera; almst the whle park-2.2 millin acres—was caldera. The explsin had left a hle mre than frty miles acrss—much t huge t be seen frm anywhere at grund level. At sme time in the past Yellwstne must have blwn up with a vilence far beynd the scale f anything knwn t humans.
58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellwstne？
A. Its cmplicated gegraphical features.
B. Its ever-lasting influence n turism.
C. The mysterius histry f the park.
D. The exact lcatin f the vlcan.
59. What des the secnd-paragraph mainly talk abut？
A. The shapes f vlcanes.
B. The impacts f vlcanes.
C. The activities f vlcanes.
D. The heights f vlcanes.
60. What des the underlined wrd "blw-up" in the last paragraph mst prbably mean？
A. Ht-air balln.B. Digital camera.
C. Big phtgraph.D. Bird's view.10. 【2019·浙江卷，C】
Califrnia has lst half its big trees since the 1930s, accrding t a study t be published Tuesday and climate change seems t be a majr factr(因素).
The number f trees larger than tw feet acrss has declined by 50 percent n mre than 46, 000 square miles f Califrnia frests, the new study finds. N area was spared r unaffected, frm the fggy nrthern cast t the Sierra Nevada Muntains t the San Gabriels abve Ls Angeles. In the Sierra high cuntry, the number f big trees has fallen by mre than 55 percent; in parts f suthern Califrnia the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factrs cntributed t the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an eclgist wh was the lead authr f the study. Wdcutters targeted big trees. Husing develpment pushed int the wds. Aggressive wildfire cntrl has left Califrnia frests crwded with small trees that cmpete with big trees fr resurces(資源).
But in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his clleagues dcumented a widespread death f big trees that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment.
The lss f big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shrtage. The researchers figured ut water stress with a cmputer mdel that calculated hw much water trees were getting in cmparisn with hw much they needed, taking int accunt such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness f sil, and the timing f snwmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factrs driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees t lse mre water t the air, and earlier snwmelt, which reduces the water supply available t trees during the dry seasn.
27. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The seriusness f big-tree lss in Califrnia.
B. The increasing variety f Califrnia big trees.
C. The distributin f big trees in Califrnia frests.
D. The influence f farming n big trees in Califrnia.
28. Which f the fllwing is well-intentined but may be bad fr big trees?
A. Eclgical studies f frests.
B. Banning wdcutting.
C. Limiting husing develpment.
D. Fire cntrl measures.29. What is a majr cause f the water shrtage accrding t Mclntyre?
A. Inadequate snwmelt.B. A lnger dry seasn.
C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness f the air.
30. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Califrnia's Frests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gne?
B. Cutting f Big Trees t Be Prhibited in Califrnia Sn
C. Why Are the Big Trees Imprtant t Califrnia Frests?
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grw Mre Big Trees in Califrnia
四、2018年高考真題
1.【2018·全國(guó)卷I，D】
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid f ur wrn technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (裝置) well after they g ut f style. That’s bad news fr the envirnment – and ur wallets – as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk tracked the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life – frm when its minerals are mined t when we stp using the device. This methd prvided a readut fr hw hme energy use has evlved since the early 1990s. Devices were gruped by generatin. Desktp cmputers, basic mbile phnes, and bx-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived n the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phnes, and LCD TVs entered hmes in 2002, befre tablets and e-readers shwed up in 2007.
As we accumulated mre devices, hwever, we didn’t thrw ut ur ld nes. “The living-rm televisin is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ rm, and suddenly ne day, yu have a TV in every rm f the huse,” said ne researcher. The average number f electrnic devices rse frm fur per husehld in 1992 t 13 in 2007. We’re nt just keeping these ld devices – we cntinue t use them. Accrding t the analysis f Babbitt’s team, ld desktp mnitrs and bx TVs with cathde ray tubes are the wrst devices with their energy cnsumptin and cntributin t greenhuse gas emissins (排放) mre than dubling during the 1992 t 2007 windw.
S what’s the slutin (解決方案)? The team’s data nly went up t 2007, but the researchers als explred what wuld happen if cnsumers replaced ld prducts with new electrnics that serve mre than ne functin, such as a tablet fr wrd prcessing and TV viewing. They fund that mre n-demand entertainment viewing n
tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%.
32. What des the authr think f new devices?
A. They are envirnment-friendly.B. They are n better than the ld.
C. They cst mre t use at hme.D. They g ut f style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt’s team cnduct the research?
A. T reduce the cst f minerals.
B. T test the life cycle f a prduct.
C. T update cnsumers n new technlgy.
D. T find ut electricity cnsumptin f the devices.
34. Which f the fllwing uses the least energy?
A. The bx-set TV.B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.D. The desktp cmputer.
35. What des the text suggest peple d abut ld electrnic devices?
A. Stp using them.B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.
2.【2018·全國(guó)卷II，B】
Many f us lve July because it’s the mnth when nature’s berries and stne fruits are in abundance. These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia’s fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin.
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白質(zhì)), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (櫻桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
When cmbined with berries f slices f ther fruits, frzen bananas make an excellent base fr thick, cling fruit shakes and lw fat “ice cream”. Fr this purpse, select ripe bananas fr freezing as they are much sweeter. Remve the skin and place them in plastic bags r cntainers and freeze. If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn. Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the freezer.
If yu have a juicer, yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sft-serve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children’s party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
24. What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A. They cntain prtein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antixidants.
25. Why is fresh lemn juice used in freezing bananas?
A. T make them smell better. B. T keep their clur.
C. T speed up their ripening. D. T imprve their nutritin.
26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A cntainer. D. A machine.
27. Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A. A bilgy textbk. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A travel brchure.
3.【2018·全國(guó)卷III，B】
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the
Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favurable climate.
25. What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
26. What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
4.【2018·北京卷，C】
Plastic-Eating Wrms
Humans prduce mre than 300 millin tns f plastic every year. Almst half f that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)), and up t 12 millin tns pllute the ceans. S far there is n effective way t get rid f it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stmachs f sme hungry wrms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently fund that the wrms f the greater wax mth can break dwn plyethylene, which accunts fr 40% f plastics. The team left 100 wax wrms n a cmmercial plyethylene shpping bag fr 12 hurs, and the wrms cnsumed and brke dwn abut 92 milligrams, r almst 3% f it. T cnfirm that the wrms’ chewing alne was nt respnsible fr the plyethylene breakdwn, the researchers made sme wrms int paste(糊狀物) and applied it t plastic films. 14 hurs later the films had lst 13% f their mass — apparently brken dwn by enzymes (酶) frm the wrms’ stmachs. Their findings were published in Current Bilgy in 2017.
Federica Bertcchini, c-authr f the study, says the wrms’ ability t break dwn their everyday fd — beeswax — als allws them t break dwn plastic. ＂Wax is a cmplex mixture, but the basic bnd in plyethylene, the carbn-carbn bnd, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax wrm evlved a methd r system t break this bnd. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a micrbilgist at the University f Tennessee, wh was nt invlved in the study, says it is nt surprising that such wrms can break dwn plyethylene. But cmpared with previus studies, she finds the speed f breaking dwn in this ne exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be t identify the cause f the breakdwn. Is it an enzyme prduced by the wrm itself r by its gut micrbes(腸道微生物)?
Bertcchini agrees and hpes her team’s findings might ne day help emply the enzyme t break dwn plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess — nt simply ＂millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic. ＂
43. What can we learn abut the wrms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday fd.
B. They are newly evlved creatures.
C. They can cnsume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. Accrding t Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step f the study is t .
A. identify ther means f the breakdwn
B. find ut the surce f the enzyme
C. cnfirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdwn speed
45. It can be inferred frm the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help t raise wrms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used t clean the ceans
D. be prduced in factries in future
46. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T explain a study methd n wrms.
B. T intrduce the diet f a special wrm.
C. T present a way t break dwn plastics.
D. T prpse new means t keep ec-balance.
5.【2018·天津卷，C】
There’s a new frntier in 3D printing that’s beginning t cme int fcus: fd. Recent develpment has made pssible machines that print, ck, and serve fds n a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stpping there.
Fd prductin
With a 3D printer, a ck can print cmplicated chclate sculptures and beautiful pieces fr decratin n a wedding cake. Nt everybdy can d that — it takes years f experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Fdini t “re-create frms and pieces” f fd that are “exactly the same,” freeing cks t cmplete ther tasks. In anther restaurant, all f the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm t table.
Sustainability(可持續(xù)性)
The glbal ppulatin is expected t grw t 9.6 billin by 2050, and sme analysts estimate that fd prductin will need t be raised by 50 percent t maintain current levels. Sustainability is becming a necessity. 3D fd printing culd prbably cntribute t the slutin. Sme experts believe printers culd use hydrcllids (水解膠體) frm plentiful renewables like algae(藻類(lèi)) and grass t replace the familiar ingredients(烹飪?cè)?. 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissins. Grcery stres f the future might stck "fd" that lasts years n end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transprtatin and strage requirements.
Nutritin
Future 3D fd printers culd make prcessed fd healthier. Hd Lipsn, a prfessr at Clumbia University, said, “Fd printing culd allw cnsumers t print fd with custmized nutritinal cntent, like vitamins. S instead f eating a piece f yesterday’s bread frm the supermarket, yu’d eat smething baked just fr yu n demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D fd printing, the industry has many challenges t vercme. Currently, mst ingredients must be changed t a paste(糊狀物) befre a printer can use them, and the printing prcess is quite time-cnsuming, because ingredients interact with each ther in very cmplex ways. On tp f that, mst f the 3D fd printers nw are restricted t dry ingredients, because meat and milk prducts may easily g bad. Sme experts are skeptical abut 3D fd printers, believing they are better suited fr fast fd restaurants than hmes and high-end restaurants.
46. What benefit des 3D printing bring t fd prductin?
A. It helps cks t create new dishes.
B. It saves time and effrt in cking.
C. It imprves the cking cnditins.
D. It cntributes t restaurant decratins.
47. What can we learn abut 3D fd printing frm Paragraphs 3?
A. It slves fd shrtages easily.
B. It quickens the transprtatin f fd.
C. It needs n space fr the strage f fd.
D. It uses renewable materials as surces f fd.
48. Accrding t Paragraph 4, 3D-printed fd _____________.
A. is mre available t cnsumers
B. can meet individual nutritinal needs
C. is mre tasty than fd in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutritin in raw materials
49. What is the main factr that prevents 3D fd printing frm spreading widely?
A. The printing prcess is cmplicated.
B. 3D fd printers are t expensive.
C. Fd materials have t be dry.
D. Sme experts dubt 3D fd printing.
50. What culd be the best title f the passage?
A. 3D Fd Printing: Delicius New Technlgy
B. A New Way t Imprve 3D Fd Printing
C. The Challenges fr 3D Fd Prductin
D. 3D Fd Printing: Frm Farm t Table
6.【2018·浙江卷，B】Steven Stein likes t fllw garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when yu cnsider that he’s an envirnmental scientist wh studies hw t reduce litter, including things that fall ff garbage trucks as they drive dwn the rad. What is even mre interesting is that ne f Stein's jbs is defending an industry behind the plastic shpping bags.
Americans use mre than 100 billin thin film plastic bags every year. S many end up in tree branches r alng highways that a grwing number f cities d nt allw them at checkuts(收銀臺(tái)) . The bags are prhibited in sme 90 cities in Califrnia, including Ls Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein t make the case that their prducts are nt as bad fr the planet as mst peple assume.
Amng the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allw shppers t purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require mre energy t prduce and transprt. And while plastic bags may be ugly t lk at, they represent a small percentage f all garbage n the grund tday.
The industry has als taken aim at the prduct that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shpping bags. The strnger a reusable bag is, the lnger its life and the mre plastic-bag use it cancels ut. Hwever, lnger-lasting reusable bags ften require mre energy t make. One study fund that a cttn bag must be used at least 131 times t be better fr the planet than plastic.
Envirnmentalists dn't dispute（質(zhì)疑） these pints. They hpe paper bags will be banned smeday t and want shppers t use the same reusable bags fr years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired t d?
A. Help increase grcery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stp things falling ff trucks.D. Argue fr the use f plastic bags.
25. What des the wrd “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Bans n plastic bags.B. Effects f city develpment.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage f reusable bags accrding t plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strng than plastic bags.D. Prducing them requires mre energy.
27. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Plastic, Paper r NeitherB. Industry, Pllutin and Envirnment
C. Recycle r Thrw AwayD. Garbage Cllectin and Waste Cntrl
7.【2018·浙江卷，C】As cultural symbls g, the American car is quite yung. The Mdel T Frd was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ag, with the first rlling ff the assembly line（裝配線）n September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were prduced the next mnth. But eventually Henry Frd wuld build fifteen millin f them.
Mdern America was brn n the rad, behind a wheel. The car shaped sme f the mst lasting aspects f American culture: the radside diner, the billbard, the mtel, even the hamburger. Fr mst f the last century, the car represented what it meant t be American—ging frward at high speed t find new wrlds. The rad nvel, the rad mvie, these are the mst typical American ideas, brn f abundant petrl, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public wrks prject in histry.
In 1928 Herbert Hver imagined an America with “a chicken in every pt and a car in every garage.” Since then, this sciety has mved nward, never lking back, as the car transfrmed America frm a farm-based sciety int an industrial pwer.
The cars that drve the American Dream have helped t create a glbal eclgical disaster. In America the demand fr il has grwn by 22 percent since 1990.
The prblems f excessive（過(guò)度的）energy cnsumptin, climate change and ppulatin grwth have been described in a bk by the American writer Thmas L. Friedman. He fears the wrst, but hpes fr the best.
Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy（經(jīng)濟(jì)）is a chance t keep American strength. “The ability t design, build and exprt green technlgies fr prducing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant fd is ging t be the currency f pwer in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentined in paragraph 2?
A. T explain Americans’ lve fr travelling by car.
B. T shw the influence f cars n American culture.
C. T stress the ppularity f fast fd with Americans.
D. T praise the effectiveness f America’s rad system.
29. What has the use f cars in America led t?
A. Decline f ecnmy. B. Envirnmental prblems.
C. A shrtage f il supply. D. A farm-based sciety.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude twards America’s future?
A. Ambiguus. B. Dubtful. C. Hpeful. D. Tlerant.
8.【2018·江蘇卷，B】
In the 1760s, Mathurin Rze pened a series f shps that basted(享有) a special meat sup called cnsmmé. Althugh the main attractin was the sup, Rze's chain shps als set a new standard fr dining ut, which helped t establish Rze as the inventr f the mdern restaurant.
Tday, schlars have generated large amunts f instructive research abut restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves abut 20 percent mre pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their fd. When a dark-clred cake was served n a black plate rather than a white ne, custmers recgnized it as sweeter and mre tasty.
Lighting matters, t. When Berlin restaurant custmers ate in darkness, they culdn't tell hw much they'd had: thse given extra-large shares ate mre than everyne else, nne the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready fr dessert.
Time is mney, but that principle means different things fr different types f restaurants. Unlike fast-fd places, fine dining shps prefer custmers t stay lnger and spend. One way t encurage custmers t stay and rder that extra rund: put n sme Mzart(莫扎特).When classical, rather than pp, music was playing, diners spent mre. Fast music hurried diners ut.
Particular scents als have an effect: diners wh gt the scent f lavender(薰衣草) stayed lnger and spent mre than thse wh smelled lemn, r n scent.
Meanwhile, things that yu might expect t discurage spending—"bad" tables, crwding. high prices — dn't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next t the kitchen dr, say — spent nearly as much as thers but sn fled. It can be cncluded that restaurant keepers need nt "be verly cncerned abut ‘bad’ tables," given that they're prfitable. As fr crwds, a Hng Kng study fund that they increased a restaurant's reputatin, suggesting great fd at fair prices. And dubling a buffet's price led custmers t say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
58. The underlined phrase "nne the wiser" in paragraph 3 mst prbably implies that the custmers were .
A. nt aware f eating mre than usual
B. nt willing t share fd with thers
C. nt cnscius f the fd quality
D. nt fnd f the fd prvided
59. Hw culd a fine dining shp make mre prfit?
A. Playing classical music.
B. Intrducing lemn scent.
C. Making the light brighter,
D. Using plates f larger size.60. What des the last paragraph talk abut?
A. Tips t attract mre custmers.
B. Prblems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways t imprve restaurants' reputatin.
D. Cmmn misunderstandings abut restaurants.
9.【2018·江蘇卷，D】
Children as yung as ten are becming dependent n scial media fr their sense f self-wrth, a majr study warned.
It fund many yungsters(少年）nw measure their status by hw much public apprval they get nline, ften thrugh “l(fā)ikes”. Sme change their behaviur in real life t imprve their image n the web.
The reprt int yungsters aged frm 8 t 12 was carried ut by Children's Cmmissiner (專(zhuān)員）Anne Lngfield. She said scial media firms were expsing children t majr emtinal risks, with sme yungsters starting secndary schl ill-equipped t cpe with the tremendus pressure they faced nline.
Sme scial apps were ppular amng the children even thugh they suppsedly require users t be at least 13.The yungsters admitted planning trips arund ptential pht-pprtunities and then messaging friends—and friends f friends — t demand “l(fā)ikes” fr their nline psts.
The reprt fund that yungsters felt their friendships culd be at risk if they did nt respnd t scial media psts quickly, and arund the clck.
Children aged 8 t 10 were "starting t feel happy" when thers liked their psts. Hwever, thse in the 10 t 12 age grup were "cncerned with hw many peple like their psts", suggesting a “need” fr scial recgnitin that gets strnger the lder they becme.
Miss Lngfield warned that a generatin f children risked grwing up "wrried abut their appearance and image as a result f the unrealistic lifestyles they fllw n platfrms, and increasingly anxius abut switching ff due t the cnstant demands f scial media.
She said: "Children are using scial media with family and friends and t play games when they are in primary schl. But what starts as fun usage f apps turns int tremendus pressure in real scial media interactin at secndary schl."
As their wrld expanded, she said, children cmpared themselves t thers nline in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms f their self-identity, in terms f their cnfidence, but als in terms f their ability t develp themselves".Miss Lngfield added: "Then there is this push t cnnect—if yu g ffline, will yu miss smething, will yu miss ut, will yu shw that yu dn't care abut thse peple yu are fllwing, all f thse cme tgether in a huge way at nce." "Fr children it is very, very difficult t cpe with emtinally." The Children's Cmmissiner fr England's study—life in Likes—fund that children as yung as 8 were using scial media platfrms largely fr play.
Hwever, the research—invlving eight grups f 32 children aged 8 t 12—suggested that as they headed tward their teens, they became increasingly anxius nline.
By the time they started secndary schl—at age 11—children were already far mre aware f their image nline and felt under huge pressure t ensure their psts were ppular, the reprt fund.
Hwever, they still did nt knw hw t cpe with mean-spirited jkes, r the sense f incmpetence they might feel if they cmpared themselves t celebrities(名人）r mre brilliant friends nline. The reprt said they als faced pressure t respnd t messages at all hurs f the day—especially at secndary schl when mre yungsters have mbile phnes.
The Children’s Cmmissiner said schls and parents must nw d mre t prepare children fr the emtinal minefield(雷區(qū)）they faced nline. And she said scial media cmpanies must als "take mre respnsibility". They shuld either mnitr their websites better s that children d nt sign up t early, r they shuld adjust their websites t the needs f yunger users.
Javed Khan, f children's charity Bamard's, said: "It's vital that new cmpulsry age- apprpriate relatinship and sex educatin lessns in England shuld help equip children t deal with the grwing demands f scial media.
“It’s als hugely imprtant fr parents t knw which apps their children are using.”
65. Why did sme secndary schl students feel t much pressure?
A. They were nt prvided with adequate equipment.
B. They were nt well prepared fr emtinal risks.
C. They were required t give quick respnses.
D. They were prevented frm using mbile phnes.
66. Sme scial app cmpanies were t blame because .
A. they didn't adequately check their users' registratin
B. they rganized pht trips t attract mre yungsters
C. they encuraged yungsters t pst mre phts
D. they didn't stp yungsters frm staying up late67. Children's cmparing themselves t thers nline may lead t .
A. less friendliness t each ther
B. lwer self-identity and cnfidence
C. an increase in nline cheating
D. a strnger desire t stay nline
68. Accrding t Life in Likes, as children grew, they became mre anxius t .
A. circulate their psts quicklyB. knw the qualities f their psts
C. use mbile phnes fr playD. get mre public apprval
69. What shuld parents d t slve the prblem?
A. Cmmunicate mre with secndary schls.
B. Urge media cmpanies t create safer apps.
C. Keep track f children's use f scial media.
D. Frbid their children frm visiting the web.
70. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The influence f scial media n children.
B. The imprtance f scial media t children.
C. The prblem in building a healthy relatinship.
D. The measure t reduce risks frm scial media.

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