?海淀區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中練習(xí)
高三英語
2023.11
本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。
第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
On a sunny afternoon, Anthony Perry stepped off the train at Chicago’s 69th Street station. The 20-year-old, who worked nights in a grocery store, was on his way to see his ____1____.
On the platform, something unthinkable happened: a man fell over the edge and onto the electrified train tracks! As Perry and other horrified passengers watched, he shook uncontrollably as the ____2____ moved through his body.
“Help him!” someone cried. “Please, someone!”
Perry couldn’t just stand there and ____3____. He sat at the edge of the platform and eased himself down. ____4____ all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped towards the victim, using a high-knee technique from his high school football days.
Perry soon reached down and grasped the victim’s wrist. ____5____, he felt a powerful electric shock shoot through his body. Perry jumped back. He reached down a second time, and was shocked again. But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and forearm, and managed to move the guy’s body away from the ____6____.
“Give him chest compressions!” yelled an old lady on the platform.
Perry was no expert, but for a few moments he worked on the man’s heart until the victim regained ____7____. Then, first-aiders arrived. Perry let the professionals ____8____. Heart still racing from the electric shocks, he climbed back up onto the platform, grabbed his things and continued on to his grandfather’s.
The evening news reported the incident, ____9____ an unnamed hero with saving the victim’s life. To many, Perry’s ____10____ deeds demonstrated the power of choosing compassion over personal safety.
1. A. manager B. client C. grandfather D. aunt
2. A. current B. oxygen C. wave D. blood
3. A. imagine B. watch C. shout D. record
4. A. Hoping B. Assuming C. Complaining D. Recalling
5. A. Instantly B. Slightly C. Normally D. Surprisingly
6. A. train B. crowds C. platform D. rails
7. A. strength B. balance C. consciousness D. control
8. A. look ahead B. take over C. get around D. keep away
9. A. providing B. engaging C. assisting D. crediting
10. A. generous B. grateful C. courageous D. faithful
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。
A
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
I was not originally attracted to nature. For me, nature was associated with the few minutes playing soccer in the ____11____(nice) cut grass. But in Michigan, nature presents itself in many forms such as sledding as fast as you can down the hill or swimming in one of the five great lakes. These experiences encouraged me ____12____(explore) one of the raw forms of connecting with nature: camping. Although I ____13____(spend) a lot of time outside, I had never camped or experienced all of what nature offers.
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
In Ming Dynasty, a clever craftsman named Zhang Sijia revolutionized scissors. He ____14____(combine) the strength of iron for the handles with a unique sword-making technique. ____15____ heating and hammering the edges with steel, he created blades that were exceptionally strong and sharp, ____16____(make) daily tasks easier. These scissors became a kitchen essential, especially for cutting through tough items like chicken or fish. In 1628, his son, Zhang Xiaoquan, established his namesake company.

C
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Five Belgian firms plan to send a 3D ____17____(print) artificial heart to the International Space Station by 2025 to better understand the effects of ageing and heart diseases in space. The device, which is only a few square millimetres in size, ____18____(use) ink made up of stem cells and biomaterials that can develop into any cell in the body. These cells organize themselves into a developing cardiac organoid(心臟類器官), ____19____ will work with the artificial circulatory system. The innovative technique would facilitate ____20____(investigate) into heart diseases and trials of some potential medicines.
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分， 共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
#1
Author: Leisa Sharpe
Price: ￡ 14.99
Release: Jun. 13, 2023
How Does Chocolate Taste On Everest
This isn’t your typical children’s book nor is it a night-time read: it’s an action-packed adventure around the world. Young adventurers will step into the footprints of the greatest explorers, using their senses as their guides.
This book immerses its young readers in life in the world’s most fascinating habitats, countries and continents, as well as those on other planets.
#2
Author: Z Kids
Price: ￡ 9.99
Release: Sep.25, 2023
The Ultimate Riddle Game For Kids
For readers between the ages of 9 and 12, this fun riddle book combines logic challenges, competitive contests and brain training.
The first section consists of short, snappy riddles, the maths section requires mental arithmetic (算術(shù)), and for the stories section you will need to discover all the possible hidden meanings. But try not to cheat.
The book is much more rewarding as the sections get more challenging. When you begin to understand the best way to approach each riddle type, your confidence, resilience and score are likely to grow.
#3
Author: Kim Zachman
Price: ￡ 12.99
Release: Dec. 15 2023
There’s No Cream In Cream Soda
The only drink humans need is water, but the beverage industry is growing larger every year. This book explores the history of the invention of drinks, beginning thousands of years ago, when humans first added natural flavourings to their water as it boiled over the fire.
Its humorous and conversational narrative means that you don’t know what will come next. Ranging from core scientific processes to the unlikely origin stories of some sodas, this book is sure to have a story to fascinate every kid.

21. The book How Does Chocolate Taste on Everest helps readers ________.
A. enjoy night-reading time
B. know origin stories of chocolate
C. identify habitats of some animals
D. explore places with senses as guides
22. From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A. the three books are available by October
B. readers need calculation skills for Book #2
C. Book # 3 teaches readers how to make drinks
D. Book # 1 has a price advantage over the others
23. The passage is intended to ________.
A. introduce some books on learning secrets
B. recommend some picture books to parents
C. encourage readers to purchase these books
D. share some tips on choosing suitable books
B
I was born missing my left arm. In 1986, at 18 months, I was fitted with a prosthetic (義肢) device, a decision made by my parents and doctors so that I would develop “normally”.
I spent my entire childhood and adolescence trying to fit in. I did just about anything to ease the pains of the stares and pointing fingers from my classmates. By the time I was 8 I had no self-confidence, and the hand I was wearing was making it harder for me to fit in. So I decided I was better off without one. I didn’t need anyone to fix me.
To prove that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I developed a love for all sports, in particular swimming. I was selected to my first Australian women’s swimming team at age 13 and successfully represented my country for eight years. I realized I’d made a name for myself because of my disability.
I taught myself how to be comfortable in a society filled with insecurities. So when I was first contacted in 2021 by Covvi, a company trying to create the world’s most advanced bionic (仿生的) hand, I was a bit surprised. They asked me to trial the hand and, if possible, to become a patient advocate. Initially, I said no. Then, curiosity got the better of me.
While I was busy advocating for disability rights, a new generation of leaders, like Amy Purdy and Nick Vujicic, used the power of technology and social media to display wheelchairs or artificial limbs without explanation. People feared disability less. Society was beginning to see a person first, and their disability second.
Viewing disability through a social lens also meant acknowledging that a person is more disabled by their environment and the discrimination of others than by their actual disability. As those conversations shifted, I realized that there was an opportunity to use technology to steer the narrative for future generations. In July 2022, I decided to trial the hand.
The role of patient advocate is an enormous privilege. Through sharing my journey I’m able to reach thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a bionic hand—not because I’m broken, but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist.
24. The author developed a love for all sports because ________.
A. she was longing for fame B. sports gave her self-confidence
C. she wanted to defeat her disability D. her prosthetic device empowered her
25. From Purdy and Vujicic, the author learned ________.
A. more people acknowledged their limits
B. the disabled needed a friendlier environment
C. social media allowed the disabled opportunities
D. technology shifted people’s attitudes to disability
26. Which of the following words can best describe the author?
A. Intelligent and brave.
B. Warm-hearted and patient.
C. Responsible and strong-willed.
D. Independent and innovative.
27. From the passage, we learn that one should ________.
A. maximize one’s abilities by embracing reality
B. build one’s social circle with optimism
C. stick to one’s goal to achieve success
D. take it easy in difficult situations
C
Demanding days seem designed to test our self-control. We all need to rely on willpower to avoid short-term temptations and override unwanted thoughts or impulses (沖動). The prevailing psychological theory proposed that willpower resembled a kind of battery. With each exercise of self-control, you exhausted this resource. Without a chance to recharge, that resource ran low, making it harder to maintain self-control. This process was known as “ego depletion”.
In 2010, however, psychologist Veronika Job published a study that questioned the foundations of “ego depletion” theory, with some interesting evidence that ego depletion depended on people’s underlying beliefs. In the study, Job divided participants into two categories: those with a “l(fā)imited” view of willpower and those with a “non-limited” view of willpower, based on a prior questionnaire. She then gave the participants some standard laboratory tests examining mental focus, which was considered to depend on the reserves of willpower. The study found that people with a limited mindset tended to perform exactly as ego depletion theory would predict but the non-limited individuals did not, which indicated that people’s beliefs about willpower could be self-fulfilling prophecies (預(yù)言). Those who believed willpower was easily depleted saw their self-control decrease, while those who believed in “mental stamina (耐力)” experienced no ego depletion.
Subsequent debates about the reliability of the laboratory tests of ego depletion emerged, but Job’s work demonstrated that mindset significantly impacted real-life outcomes. Her follow-up study revealed that after completing demanding tasks, most participants recovered to some degree overnight, but those with non-limited mindsets actually experienced an increase in their productivity the following day, as if energized by the extra pressure.
If you already have a non-limited mindset about willpower, these findings might be a cause for self-satisfaction. For those with limited mindsets, hope is not lost. Learning about this science can help shift beliefs. Sharing this knowledge with others can further consolidate this shift. Moreover, recollecting times of engaging in taxing yet enjoyable tasks naturally shifts people’s beliefs toward non-limited mindsets, as they see proof of their own men tal stamina. To provide yourself with further evidence, you can conduct small self-control tests. As you realize your willpower’s growth, you’ll find resisting temptations and distractions easier.
While immediate miracles aren’t guaranteed, perseverance will lead to a changed mindset and increased self-control, propelling actions toward personal goals.
28. “Ego depletion” theory shows that willpower ________.
A. helps control our impulses B. reduces after exercising self-control
C. is a test of your character D. is like a chargeable battery
29. What can we learn from Job’s two studies?
A. Extra pressure boosts mental focus.
B. Demanding tasks reduce mental focus.
C. Reserves of willpower depend on mental focus.
D The change of mental focus relies on one’s mindset.
30. Which of the following can build non-limited mindsets?
A. Picturing your ideal university.
B. Doing homework in front of a TV.
C. Sharing science knowledge with friends.
D. Recalling mastering a challenging piano piece.
D
Climate experts are having a debate: they are asking whether the UK should focus more on adapting to climate change or trying to prevent it.
David Frost holds that preventing climate change is no longer an option, given the extent to which the Earth now appears certain to heat up. Despite the many policies which attempt to stop climate change, it now seems unavoidable that the world will pass the 1.5℃ or 2℃ increases in average global temperature that are likely to induce large changes in the climate.
David Frost is right in that our economies are growing so much slower than we had anticipated. Our emissions can drop if we reduce emissions per unit of GDP we create—but they can also drop if the GDP is lower. Lower growth means it is more feasible (可行的) for us to achieve targets such as Net Zero, but it also makes it less environmentally urgent to achieve those targets so soon, because we are and have been emitting a lot less carbon than we had anticipated.
The UK authority finds the debate about adaptation difficult. Partly, it is because some activists claim that adaptation is not feasible. They say that climate change will end human civilization, potentially leading to the entire extinction of the human race.
However, the mainstream view of many scientists and economists, who work on climate change, is that global warming could lead to large changes in our environment. Significant parts of the world currently heavily populated could become effectively uninhabitable while other parts currently unsuitable for high-density human habitation would become more habitable. Meanwhile, at higher temperatures both climate and weather are likely to become more volatile—including increased frequency of storms, flooding and other weather events.
These would be significant changes, but it would be perfectly feasible for humans to adapt to them. The issue is not whether adapting would be technically feasible, but whether it would be desirable either in ethical or practical terms. Are we willing to accept a materially warmer world, with humans living in different parts of it? Are we willing to accept the possible extinctions of certain species and the greater flourishing of those currently less successful and of new species yet to evolve? Are we willing to accept the consequences of a large shift in the patterns of human habitation across the world?
It is by no means clear on what basis we ought to ethnically privilege the plants and animals that flourish under today’s climate over those that would flourish under a warmer, more volatile climate. However, adaptation will be feasible and is a necessity given the extent to which warming is now unavoidable. Slower GDP growth and thus slower climate change ought to make greater efforts at adaptation more attractive.
31. According to the passage, who hesitate(s) to adapt to the climate change?
A. The government. B. Climate experts.
C. David Frost. D. The activists.
32. The underlined word “volatile” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A. changeable B. predictable C. bearable D. noticeable
33. The questions in Paragraph 6 are mainly aimed at __________.
A. expressing doubts about people’s adaptability
B. presenting examples of future climate patterns
C. highlighting the consequences of human activities
D. helping people decide on their openness to adaptation
34. Which of the following might the author agree with?
A. Slowing climate change deserves great efforts.
B. Global warming is preventable to some extent.
C. Adaptation to climate change is beyond question.
D. Protection of the current species should be prioritized.
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Which is healthier: a bag of crisps or a vegetable salad? That is easy. Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer? Many people would instinctively(本能地) say the former, perhaps showing a vague concern with processed food. Such food can often be delicious. And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant. ____35____
What’s the distinction between “ultra-processed food(upf)” and “processed food”? Almost everything people consume is processed in some form. Rice is harvested; animals are butchered. Upf is usually described as “formulations of ingredients, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring advanced equipment and technology”. ____36____ The one in the freezer, with its extra, modified ingredients, is upf.
Upf harms people in ways both known and unknown. It seems to affect the trillions of bacteria that contribute to health in a range of ways. Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor, upf contributes to obesity(肥胖癥).
Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people. ____37____ Extra weight was once a sign of wealth, but among British and American women today, obesity rates are higher at lower-income levels.
____38____ Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly. If we are what we eat considering the impact of upf is essential.
____39____ People who live in so-called “food swamps”, where upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live. There is nothing wrong with the odd fast-food trip, but anyone who can afford to eat less upf probably should.
A. Environment matters, too.
B. It’s cheap to produce and buy.
C. But that cheapness and abundance come at a cost.
D. Even foods labeled “natural” or “organic” can be processed.
E. A pizza made from scratch contains minimally processed food.
F. Some people have a particular weakness for salty potato crisps.
G. The reasons why upf can be harmful are not always clear, even to scientists.
第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。
If you feel like you may be a people-pleaser, you’re not alone. In today’s highly-connected world, we have a growing obsession (癡迷) with being liked and needing to please others. People seek to please others for various reasons, including avoiding conflicts, securing feelings of being needed, and reducing fears of abandonment. And they are forced to use agreeableness as self-defense.
People-pleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical health problems such as fear of rejection, frustration, anger, addictions, headaches, stomach problems, and high blood pressure. It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decision-making and dependency. Therefore, it’s important to recognize and overcome your own people-pleasing behaviors. Here are some simple exercises that you can start working on today.
Learn to love your own company. Trust that people will not abandon you, even if you don’t drop everything for them. Believing you are lovable for who you are, not what you do, means knowing that people will still be there for you even if you do not always search for ways to please them. Practice this by going to a movie or restaurant alone.
Value the plans made with yourself. They are as important as plans you make with other people. Otherwise, you are sending a message to your brain that a plan you make with yourself does not hold as much value. Don’t break long-or short-term plans you make with yourself, whether it’s going to the gym or studying for an exam.
Say “no” when necessary. If you’re a people-pleaser, you may find it hard to say “no” because you feel it comes across as cruel or uncaring. But it absolutely does not have to. Be clear, be direct, and use “I” statements. Try statements like: “I would really love to be able to help you, but unfortunately, I’m already committed at that time.” By consistently integrating these strategies into your life, you’ll break your people-pleasing habits and develop more healthy, interdependent relationships.
40. What is a people-pleaser like?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Besides mental and physical problems, what other problems may a people-pleaser suffer from?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, you should love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’requests when necessary.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
43. What do you think of the behavior of pleasing others? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim打算利用2023年11月第一個周末的一天游覽北京，他發(fā)來郵件請你當(dāng)導(dǎo)游。請你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：
1.接受請求；
2.規(guī)劃行程。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
海淀區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中練習(xí)
高三英語
2023.11
本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。
第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
On a sunny afternoon, Anthony Perry stepped off the train at Chicago’s 69th Street station. The 20-year-old, who worked nights in a grocery store, was on his way to see his ____1____.
On the platform, something unthinkable happened: a man fell over the edge and onto the electrified train tracks! As Perry and other horrified passengers watched, he shook uncontrollably as the ____2____ moved through his body.
“Help him!” someone cried. “Please, someone!”
Perry couldn’t just stand there and ____3____. He sat at the edge of the platform and eased himself down. ____4____ all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped towards the victim, using a high-knee technique from his high school football days.
Perry soon reached down and grasped the victim’s wrist. ____5____, he felt a powerful electric shock shoot through his body. Perry jumped back. He reached down a second time, and was shocked again. But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and forearm, and managed to move the guy’s body away from the ____6____.
“Give him chest compressions!” yelled an old lady on the platform.
Perry was no expert, but for a few moments he worked on the man’s heart until the victim regained ____7____. Then, first-aiders arrived. Perry let the professionals ____8____. Heart still racing from the electric shocks, he climbed back up onto the platform, grabbed his things and continued on to his grandfather’s.
The evening news reported the incident, ____9____ an unnamed hero with saving the victim’s life. To many, Perry’s ____10____ deeds demonstrated the power of choosing compassion over personal safety.
1. A. manager B. client C. grandfather D. aunt
2. A. current B. oxygen C. wave D. blood
3. A. imagine B. watch C. shout D. record
4. A. Hoping B. Assuming C. Complaining D. Recalling
5. A. Instantly B. Slightly C. Normally D. Surprisingly
6. A. train B. crowds C. platform D. rails
7. A. strength B. balance C. consciousness D. control
8. A. look ahead B. take over C. get around D. keep away
9. A. providing B. engaging C. assisting D. crediting
10. A. generous B. grateful C. courageous D. faithful
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Anthony Perry在火車站不顧個人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者的英勇故事。
【1題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：20歲的佩里在一家雜貨店上夜班，當(dāng)時佩里正準(zhǔn)備去看他的祖父。A. manager經(jīng)理；B. client客戶；C. grandfather祖父；D. aunt姑媽，伯母。根據(jù)后文“Heart still racing from the electric shocks, he climbed back up onto the platform, grabbed his things and continued on to his grandfather’s.(電擊后心臟還在加速跳動，他爬上平臺，抓起東西，繼續(xù)向祖父的房間走去。)”可知，佩里正準(zhǔn)備去看他的祖父。故選C。
2題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)佩里和其他驚恐的乘客看到時，電流流過他的身體，他無法控制地顫抖著。A. current氣流；電流；B. oxygen氧氣；C. wave海浪；大海；D. blood血。根據(jù)上句“On the platform, something unthinkable happened: a man fell over the edge and onto the electrified train tracks! (在站臺上，不可思議的事情發(fā)生了:一個人從站臺邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，掉到電軌上，電流會流過他的身體。故選A。
【3題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看著。A. imagine想象；B. watch看；C. shout呼喊；D. record記錄。根據(jù)后句“He sat at the edge of the platform and eased himself down.(他坐在月臺邊上，慢慢地坐下來)”可知，他準(zhǔn)備營救這個人，并不是站在那里看著。故選B。
【4題詳解】
考動查詞詞義辨析。句意：他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去。A. Hoping希望；B. Assuming假設(shè)，認(rèn)為；C. Complaining抱怨；D. Recalling回憶。根據(jù)本句“he quickly leaped towards the victim(他迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他認(rèn)為自己和受害者之間的鐵軌都通電了，所以他迅速向受害者撲去。故選B。
【5題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他立刻感到一陣強烈的電擊穿過他的身體。A. Instantly立刻地；B. Slightly輕微地；C. Normally通常，平常；D. Surprisingly 驚人地，出乎意料地。根據(jù)上句“____4____ all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped towards the victim(他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他立刻感到一陣強烈的電流穿過他的身體。故選A。
【6題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那個人的手腕和前臂，并設(shè)法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開。A. train火車；B. crowds人群；C. platform平臺；D. rails鐵路。根據(jù)上文“On the platform, something unthinkable happened: a man fell over the edge and onto the electrified train tracks!( 在站臺上，不可思議的事情發(fā)生了：一個人從站臺邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了鐵軌上，他將受害者的身體從鐵軌上移開。故選D。
【7題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但他在那個人的心臟上按壓了一會兒，直到受害者恢復(fù)了意識。A. strength體力；B. balance平衡；C. consciousness意識；D. control控制，掌管。根據(jù)本句“he worked on the man’s heart (他對受害者進(jìn)行胸部按壓)”可知，受害者失去了意識，所以進(jìn)行胸部按壓。故選C。
【8題詳解】
考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：佩里讓專業(yè)人士接手。A. look ahead向前看；B. take over接管；C. get around規(guī)避，逃避；D. keep away遠(yuǎn)離，避開。根據(jù)上句“Then, first-aiders arrived(隨后，急救人員趕到了)”可知，急救人員趕到后，佩里他們接手。故選B。
【9題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：晚間新聞報道了這一事件，并稱贊一位無名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A. providing提供；B. engaging參加；C. assisting幫助；D. crediting贊揚。根據(jù)本句“an unnamed hero with saving the victim’s life(一位無名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事跡是值得贊揚的，故選D。
【10題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對許多人來說，佩里的勇敢事跡表明了選擇同情而非個人安全的力量。A. generous慷慨的；B. grateful感謝的，感激的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. faithful忠實的，忠誠的。根據(jù)上文“But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and forearm, and managed to move the guy’s body away from the ____6____.(但第三次，他抓住了那個人的手腕和前臂，并設(shè)法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開。)”可知，佩里在火車站不顧個人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者。故選C。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。
A
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
I was not originally attracted to nature. For me, nature was associated with the few minutes playing soccer in the ____11____(nice) cut grass. But in Michigan, nature presents itself in many forms such as sledding as fast as you can down the hill or swimming in one of the five great lakes. These experiences encouraged me ____12____(explore) one of the raw forms of connecting with nature: camping. Although I ____13____(spend) a lot of time outside, I had never camped or experienced all of what nature offers.
【答案】11. nicely
12. to explore
13. had spent
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是密歇根的大自然鼓勵作者探索大自然的故事。
11題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：對我來說，大自然就是在修剪整齊的草地上踢幾分鐘足球。空格處用副詞nicely修飾動詞cut，nicely意為“漂亮地”，故填nicely。
【12題詳解】
考查不定式。句意：這些經(jīng)歷鼓勵我去探索與自然聯(lián)系的一種原始形式：露營。encourage sb. to do是固定短語，意為“鼓勵某人做某事”，因此空格處用不定式to explore，故填to explore。
【13題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：雖然我花了很多時間在戶外，但我從來沒有露營過，也沒有體驗過大自然所提供的一切。由I had never camped or experienced可知，空格處表示過去的過去發(fā)生的事情，所以空格處時態(tài)是過去完成時，因此空格處是had spent。故填had spent。
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
In Ming Dynasty, a clever craftsman named Zhang Sijia revolutionized scissors. He ____14____(combine) the strength of iron for the handles with a unique sword-making technique. ____15____ heating and hammering the edges with steel, he created blades that were exceptionally strong and sharp, ____16____(make) daily tasks easier. These scissors became a kitchen essential, especially for cutting through tough items like chicken or fish. In 1628, his son, Zhang Xiaoquan, established his namesake company.

【答案】14. combined
15. By##Through
16. making
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了明朝時期張思佳改良了剪刀。
【14題詳解】
考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：他將鐵制劍柄的優(yōu)點與獨特的制劍技術(shù)結(jié)合在一起。根據(jù)前句中的“In Ming Dynasty”和上下文時態(tài)可知，這里講述的是過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填combined。
【15題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：通過加熱和用鋼錘擊邊緣，他創(chuàng)造出了非常堅固和鋒利的刀片，這使日常任務(wù)變得更容易。根據(jù)空后的“heating and hammering the edges with steel”可知，這里表示方式，應(yīng)用介詞by或者through。置于句首，首字母大寫。故填By/Through。
【16題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意參考上題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，他創(chuàng)造出了非常堅固和鋒利的刀片，這讓人們更容易作日程工作，這里表示自然而然的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填making。
C
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Five Belgian firms plan to send a 3D ____17____(print) artificial heart to the International Space Station by 2025 to better understand the effects of ageing and heart diseases in space. The device, which is only a few square millimetres in size, ____18____(use) ink made up of stem cells and biomaterials that can develop into any cell in the body. These cells organize themselves into a developing cardiac organoid(心臟類器官), ____19____ will work with the artificial circulatory system. The innovative technique would facilitate ____20____(investigate) into heart diseases and trials of some potential medicines.
【答案】17. printed
18. uses 19. which
20. investigations
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了五家比利時公司計劃將一顆3D打印的人造心臟送入太空。
【17題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：五家比利時公司計劃在2025年前向國際空間站發(fā)射一顆3D打印的人造心臟，以更好地了解太空中衰老和心臟病的影響。print和空后的artificial heart之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞，作定語。故填printed。
【18題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該設(shè)備只有幾平方毫米大小，使用的墨水由干細(xì)胞和生物材料組成，可以發(fā)育成體內(nèi)的任何細(xì)胞。根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)和句意可知，這里陳述的是現(xiàn)實情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。且主語The device為單數(shù)，所以謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)。故填uses。
【19題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：這些細(xì)胞將自己組織成一個發(fā)育中的心臟類器官，它將與人工循環(huán)系統(tǒng)協(xié)同工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞a developing cardiac organoid，指物，且在從句中作主語，所以應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
【20題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：這項創(chuàng)新技術(shù)將有助于對心臟病的調(diào)查和一些潛在藥物的試驗?？仗帒?yīng)用名詞，和and后的trials一起作賓語。investigation意為“調(diào)查”，在這里為可數(shù)名詞，且空前沒有表示數(shù)量的限定詞修飾，這里應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填investigations。
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分， 共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
#1
Author: Leisa Sharpe
Price: ￡ 14.99
Release: Jun. 13, 2023
How Does Chocolate Taste On Everest
This isn’t your typical children’s book nor is it a night-time read: it’s an action-packed adventure around the world. Young adventurers will step into the footprints of the greatest explorers, using their senses as their guides.
This book immerses its young readers in life in the world’s most fascinating habitats, countries and continents, as well as those on other planets.
#2
Author: Z Kids
Price: ￡ 9.99
Release: Sep.25, 2023
The Ultimate Riddle Game For Kids
For readers between the ages of 9 and 12, this fun riddle book combines logic challenges, competitive contests and brain training.
The first section consists of short, snappy riddles, the maths section requires mental arithmetic (算術(shù)), and for the stories section you will need to discover all the possible hidden meanings. But try not to cheat.
The book is much more rewarding as the sections get more challenging. When you begin to understand the best way to approach each riddle type, your confidence, resilience and score are likely to grow.
#3
Author: Kim Zachman
Price: ￡ 12.99
Release: Dec. 15, 2023
There’s No Cream In Cream Soda
The only drink humans need is water, but the beverage industry is growing larger every year. This book explores the history of the invention of drinks, beginning thousands of years ago, when humans first added natural flavourings to their water as it boiled over the fire.
Its humorous and conversational narrative means that you don’t know what will come next. Ranging from core scientific processes to the unlikely origin stories of some sodas, this book is sure to have a story to fascinate every kid.

21. The book How Does Chocolate Taste on Everest helps readers ________.
A. enjoy night-reading time
B. know origin stories of chocolate
C. identify habitats of some animals
D. explore places with senses as guides
22. From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A. the three books are available by October
B. readers need calculation skills for Book #2
C. Book # 3 teaches readers how to make drinks
D. Book # 1 has a price advantage over the others
23. The passage is intended to ________.
A. introduce some books on learning secrets
B. recommend some picture books to parents
C. encourage readers to purchase these books
D. share some tips on choosing suitable books
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是三本書的優(yōu)點。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)How Does Chocolate Taste On Everest部分的“Young adventurers will step into the footprints of the greatest explorers, using their senses as their guides. (年輕的冒險家將踏上最偉大探險家的足跡，用他們的感官作為他們的向?qū)А?”可知，How Does Chocolate Taste On Everest可以幫助讀者以感官為向?qū)剿鞯胤?，故選D。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Ultimate Riddle Game For Kids部分的“The first section consists of short, snappy riddles, the maths section requires mental arithmetic (算術(shù)), and for the stories section you will need to discover all the possible hidden meanings. (第一部分由簡短的謎語組成，數(shù)學(xué)部分需要心算，而故事部分需要你發(fā)現(xiàn)所有可能隱藏的含義。)”可知，第二本書的讀者需要計算技巧。故選B。
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一本書介紹中的“This book immerses its young readers in life in the world’s most fascinating habitats, countries and continents, as well as those on other planets. (這本書讓年輕的讀者沉浸在世界上最迷人的棲息地、國家和大陸，以及其他星球上的生活中。)”，第二本書介紹中的“The book is much more rewarding as the sections get more challenging. When you begin to understand the best way to approach each riddle type, your confidence, resilience and score are likely to grow. (隨著章節(jié)變得更有挑戰(zhàn)性，這本書也會變得更有價值。當(dāng)你開始了解解決每種謎語類型的最佳方法時，你的信心、適應(yīng)力和得分可能會增長。)”和第三本書的“Ranging from core scientific processes to the unlikely origin stories of some sodas, this book is sure to have a story to fascinate every kid. (從核心的科學(xué)過程到一些不太可能的蘇打水的起源故事，這本書肯定會有一個讓每個孩子著迷的故事。)”可知這篇文章主要介紹了三本書的優(yōu)點，因此目的是鼓勵讀者購買這些書。故選C。
B
I was born missing my left arm. In 1986, at 18 months, I was fitted with a prosthetic (義肢) device, a decision made by my parents and doctors so that I would develop “normally”.
I spent my entire childhood and adolescence trying to fit in. I did just about anything to ease the pains of the stares and pointing fingers from my classmates. By the time I was 8, I had no self-confidence, and the hand I was wearing was making it harder for me to fit in. So I decided I was better off without one. I didn’t need anyone to fix me.
To prove that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I developed a love for all sports, in particular swimming. I was selected to my first Australian women’s swimming team at age 13 and successfully represented my country for eight years. I realized I’d made a name for myself because of my disability.
I taught myself how to be comfortable in a society filled with insecurities. So when I was first contacted in 2021 by Covvi, a company trying to create the world’s most advanced bionic (仿生的) hand, I was a bit surprised. They asked me to trial the hand and, if possible, to become a patient advocate. Initially, I said no. Then, curiosity got the better of me.
While I was busy advocating for disability rights, a new generation of leaders, like Amy Purdy and Nick Vujicic, used the power of technology and social media to display wheelchairs or artificial limbs without explanation. People feared disability less. Society was beginning to see a person first, and their disability second.
Viewing disability through a social lens also meant acknowledging that a person is more disabled by their environment and the discrimination of others than by their actual disability. As those conversations shifted, I realized that there was an opportunity to use technology to steer the narrative for future generations. In July 2022, I decided to trial the hand.
The role of patient advocate is an enormous privilege. Through sharing my journey, I’m able to reach thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a bionic hand—not because I’m broken, but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist.
24. The author developed a love for all sports because ________.
A. she was longing for fame B. sports gave her self-confidence
C. she wanted to defeat her disability D. her prosthetic device empowered her
25. From Purdy and Vujicic, the author learned ________.
A. more people acknowledged their limits
B. the disabled needed a friendlier environment
C. social media allowed the disabled opportunities
D. technology shifted people’s attitudes to disability
26. Which of the following words can best describe the author?
A. Intelligent and brave.
B. Warm-hearted and patient.
C. Responsible and strong-willed.
D. Independent and innovative.
27. From the passage, we learn that one should ________.
A. maximize one’s abilities by embracing reality
B. build one’s social circle with optimism
C. stick to one’s goal to achieve success
D. take it easy in difficult situations
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從小身患?xì)埣?，失去左臂，但是并不氣餒，參加運動證明自己并不受到殘疾的限制并幫助他人的故事。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“To prove that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I developed a love for all sports, in particular swimming. (為了證明我沒有受到殘疾的限制，我開始熱愛所有的運動，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者愛上了所有的運動，因為她想戰(zhàn)勝自己的殘疾。故選C。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“l(fā)ike Amy Purdy and Nick Vujicic, used the power of technology and social media to display wheelchairs or artificial limbs without explanation. People feared disability less. Society was beginning to see a person first, and their disability second.(比如艾米·珀迪（Amy Purdy）和尼克·胡哲（Nick Vujicic），他們利用科技和社交媒體的力量，不加解釋地展示了輪椅或假肢。人們不再那么害怕殘疾。社會開始把一個人放在第一位，把他的殘疾放在第二位。)”可知，人們不再那么害怕殘疾。社會開始把一個人放在第一位，把他的殘疾放在第二位，即科技改變了人們對殘疾的態(tài)度。故選D。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“To prove that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I developed a love for all sports, in particular swimming. (為了證明我沒有受到殘疾的限制，我開始熱愛所有的運動，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者意志堅定，想通過運動戰(zhàn)勝自己的殘疾；根據(jù)文章最后一段“Through sharing my journey, I’m able to reach thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a bionic hand—not because I’m broken, but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist.(通過分享我的歷程，我能夠接觸到成千上萬的其他人，他們將從它的非凡能力中受益)”可知，作者分享自己的歷程是想幫助他人，讓他人從中受益，作者是一名有責(zé)任心的人。故選C。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Through sharing my journey, I’m able to reach thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a bionic hand—not because I’m broken, but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist.(通過分享我的歷程，我能夠接觸到成千上萬的其他人，他們將從它的非凡能力中受益。這就是我戴仿生手的原因不是因為我壞了，而是因為我有機會增強人類已有的能力。)”可知，作者戴仿生手的原因是為了增強人類已有的能力，即我們應(yīng)該擁抱現(xiàn)實，最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的能力。故選A。
C
Demanding days seem designed to test our self-control. We all need to rely on willpower to avoid short-term temptations and override unwanted thoughts or impulses (沖動). The prevailing psychological theory proposed that willpower resembled a kind of battery. With each exercise of self-control, you exhausted this resource. Without a chance to recharge, that resource ran low, making it harder to maintain self-control. This process was known as “ego depletion”.
In 2010, however, psychologist Veronika Job published a study that questioned the foundations of “ego depletion” theory, with some interesting evidence that ego depletion depended on people’s underlying beliefs. In the study, Job divided participants into two categories: those with a “l(fā)imited” view of willpower and those with a “non-limited” view of willpower, based on a prior questionnaire. She then gave the participants some standard laboratory tests examining mental focus, which was considered to depend on the reserves of willpower. The study found that people with a limited mindset tended to perform exactly as ego depletion theory would predict but the non-limited individuals did not, which indicated that people’s beliefs about willpower could be self-fulfilling prophecies (預(yù)言). Those who believed willpower was easily depleted saw their self-control decrease, while those who believed in “mental stamina (耐力)” experienced no ego depletion.
Subsequent debates about the reliability of the laboratory tests of ego depletion emerged, but Job’s work demonstrated that mindset significantly impacted real-life outcomes. Her follow-up study revealed that after completing demanding tasks, most participants recovered to some degree overnight, but those with non-limited mindsets actually experienced an increase in their productivity the following day, as if energized by the extra pressure.
If you already have a non-limited mindset about willpower, these findings might be a cause for self-satisfaction. For those with limited mindsets, hope is not lost. Learning about this science can help shift beliefs. Sharing this knowledge with others can further consolidate this shift. Moreover, recollecting times of engaging in taxing yet enjoyable tasks naturally shifts people’s beliefs toward non-limited mindsets, as they see proof of their own men tal stamina. To provide yourself with further evidence, you can conduct small self-control tests. As you realize your willpower’s growth, you’ll find resisting temptations and distractions easier.
While immediate miracles aren’t guaranteed, perseverance will lead to a changed mindset and increased self-control, propelling actions toward personal goals.
28. “Ego depletion” theory shows that willpower ________.
A. helps control our impulses B. reduces after exercising self-control
C. is a test of your character D. is like a chargeable battery
29. What can we learn from Job’s two studies?
A. Extra pressure boosts mental focus.
B. Demanding tasks reduce mental focus.
C. Reserves of willpower depend on mental focus.
D. The change of mental focus relies on one’s mindset.
30. Which of the following can build non-limited mindsets?
A. Picturing your ideal university.
B. Doing homework in front of a TV.
C. Sharing science knowledge with friends.
D. Recalling mastering a challenging piano piece.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“自我損耗”這一理論受到質(zhì)疑，并介紹了一些建立意志力不受限制的心態(tài)的方法。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“With each exercise of self-control, you exhausted this resource. Without a chance to recharge, that resource ran low, making it harder to maintain self-control. This process was known as “ego depletion”.(每一次自我控制的練習(xí)，你都使這些資源筋疲力盡。在沒有恢復(fù)的機會的情況下，這種資源就會耗盡，更難保持自制力。這個過程被稱為“自我耗竭”)”可知，“自我耗竭”理論表明意志力會在進(jìn)行自我控制后減少。故選B。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Her follow-up study revealed that after completing demanding tasks, most participants recovered to some degree overnight, but those with non-limited mindsets actually experienced an increase in their productivity the following day, as if energized by the extra pressure.(她的后續(xù)研究表明，在完成高要求的任務(wù)后，大多數(shù)參與者在一夜之間都恢復(fù)了一定程度，但那些心態(tài)不受限制的參與者第二天的生產(chǎn)力實際上有所提高，似乎受到了額外壓力的激勵)”可知，額外的壓力可能會使人們得到激勵，增強精神專注，提高生產(chǎn)力。故選A。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Moreover, recollecting times of engaging in taxing yet enjoyable tasks naturally shifts people’s beliefs toward non-limited mindsets, as they see proof of their own mental stamina. (此外，回憶起從事費力但愉快的任務(wù)的時光，會自然地將人們的信念轉(zhuǎn)向非限制的心態(tài)，因為他們看到了自己精神耐力的證明)”可知，回憶起從事費力但愉快的任務(wù)的時光可以幫助建立不受限制的心態(tài)，推斷回憶起掌握了一首富有挑戰(zhàn)性的鋼琴曲是有幫助的。故選D。
D
Climate experts are having a debate: they are asking whether the UK should focus more on adapting to climate change or trying to prevent it.
David Frost holds that preventing climate change is no longer an option, given the extent to which the Earth now appears certain to heat up. Despite the many policies which attempt to stop climate change, it now seems unavoidable that the world will pass the 1.5℃ or 2℃ increases in average global temperature that are likely to induce large changes in the climate.
David Frost is right in that our economies are growing so much slower than we had anticipated. Our emissions can drop if we reduce emissions per unit of GDP we create—but they can also drop if the GDP is lower. Lower growth means it is more feasible (可行的) for us to achieve targets such as Net Zero, but it also makes it less environmentally urgent to achieve those targets so soon, because we are and have been emitting a lot less carbon than we had anticipated.
The UK authority finds the debate about adaptation difficult. Partly, it is because some activists claim that adaptation is not feasible. They say that climate change will end human civilization, potentially leading to the entire extinction of the human race.
However, the mainstream view of many scientists and economists, who work on climate change, is that global warming could lead to large changes in our environment. Significant parts of the world currently heavily populated could become effectively uninhabitable while other parts currently unsuitable for high-density human habitation would become more habitable. Meanwhile, at higher temperatures both climate and weather are likely to become more volatile—including increased frequency of storms, flooding and other weather events.
These would be significant changes, but it would be perfectly feasible for humans to adapt to them. The issue is not whether adapting would be technically feasible, but whether it would be desirable either in ethical or practical terms. Are we willing to accept a materially warmer world, with humans living in different parts of it? Are we willing to accept the possible extinctions of certain species and the greater flourishing of those currently less successful and of new species yet to evolve? Are we willing to accept the consequences of a large shift in the patterns of human habitation across the world?
It is by no means clear on what basis we ought to ethnically privilege the plants and animals that flourish under today’s climate over those that would flourish under a warmer, more volatile climate. However, adaptation will be feasible and is a necessity given the extent to which warming is now unavoidable. Slower GDP growth and thus slower climate change ought to make greater efforts at adaptation more attractive.
31. According to the passage, who hesitate(s) to adapt to the climate change?
A. The government. B. Climate experts.
C. David Frost. D. The activists.
32. The underlined word “volatile” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A changeable B. predictable C. bearable D. noticeable
33. The questions in Paragraph 6 are mainly aimed at __________.
A. expressing doubts about people’s adaptability
B. presenting examples of future climate patterns
C. highlighting the consequences of human activities
D. helping people decide on their openness to adaptation
34. Which of the following might the author agree with?
A. Slowing climate change deserves great efforts.
B. Global warming is preventable to some extent.
C. Adaptation to climate change is beyond question.
D. Protection of the current species should be prioritized.
【答案】31 D 32. A 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了目前關(guān)于如何應(yīng)對氣候變化有兩種不同觀點——適應(yīng)氣候變化或者阻止氣候變化，但作者認(rèn)為適應(yīng)氣候變化是可行的和必要的。
【31題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Partly, it is because some activists claim that adaptation is not feasible.(部分原因是一些積極分子聲稱適應(yīng)是不可行的。)”可知，一些積極分子認(rèn)為適應(yīng)氣候變化不可行，所以他們對適應(yīng)氣候變化感到猶豫。故選D。
【32題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段破折號后的“including increased frequency of storms, flooding and other weather events(包括暴風(fēng)雨、洪水和其他天氣事件的頻率增加)”可知，風(fēng)暴、洪水和其他天氣事件發(fā)生的頻率增加，由此可推測出，氣候和天氣可能變得更加多變。volatile意為“易變的”，與changeable意思最接近。故選A。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“The issue is not whether adapting would be technically feasible, but whether it would be desirable either in ethical or practical terms.(問題不在于適應(yīng)在技術(shù)上是否可行，而在于從道德或?qū)嵺`角度來看是否可取。)”可知，從技術(shù)上來說適應(yīng)氣候變化是可行的，但問題是從道德或?qū)嵺`角度來看適應(yīng)氣候變化是否可取。接下來“Are we willing to accept a materially warmer world, with humans living in different parts of it? Are we willing to accept the possible extinctions of certain species and the greater flourishing of those currently less successful and of new species yet to evolve? Are we willing to accept the consequences of a large shift in the patterns of human habitation across the world?(我們是否愿意接受一個實質(zhì)上更溫暖的世界，人類生活在這個世界的不同地方？我們是否愿意接受某些物種可能滅絕，以及那些目前不太成功的物種和尚未進(jìn)化的新物種更加繁榮？我們是否愿意接受世界各地人類居住模式發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變的后果？)”用提問的方式引發(fā)人們思考是否能接受氣候變化帶來的影響。由此可推測出，這些問題旨在幫助人們確定自己對適應(yīng)的接受性。故選D。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, adaptation will be feasible and is a necessity given the extent to which warming is now unavoidable.(然而，考慮到氣候變暖目前不可避免的程度，適應(yīng)將是可行的，也是必要的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為氣候變暖是不可避免的，所以適應(yīng)是可行的和必要的，由此可推測出，作者認(rèn)為適應(yīng)氣候變化是毋庸置疑的。故選C。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Which is healthier: a bag of crisps or a vegetable salad? That is easy. Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer? Many people would instinctively(本能地) say the former, perhaps showing a vague concern with processed food. Such food can often be delicious. And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant. ____35____
What’s the distinction between “ultra-processed food(upf)” and “processed food”? Almost everything people consume is processed in some form. Rice is harvested; animals are butchered. Upf is usually described as “formulations of ingredients, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring advanced equipment and technology”. ____36____ The one in the freezer, with its extra, modified ingredients, is upf.
Upf harms people in ways both known and unknown. It seems to affect the trillions of bacteria that contribute to health in a range of ways. Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor, upf contributes to obesity(肥胖癥).
Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people. ____37____ Extra weight was once a sign of wealth, but among British and American women today, obesity rates are higher at lower-income levels.
____38____ Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly. If we are what we eat, considering the impact of upf is essential.
____39____ People who live in so-called “food swamps”, where upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live. There is nothing wrong with the odd fast-food trip, but anyone who can afford to eat less upf probably should.
A. Environment matters, too.
B. It’s cheap to produce and buy.
C. But that cheapness and abundance come at a cost.
D. Even foods labeled “natural” or “organic” can be processed.
E. A pizza made from scratch contains minimally processed food.
F. Some people have a particular weakness for salty potato crisps.
G. The reasons why upf can be harmful are not always clear, even to scientists.
【答案】35. C 36. E 37. B 38. G 39. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了要警惕超加工食品的危害。
【35題詳解】
前文“Many people would instinctively(本能地) say the former, perhaps showing a vague concern with processed food. Such food can often be delicious. And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant.(許多人本能地會說前者更健康，也許是出于對加工食品的隱約擔(dān)憂。加工食品往往很美味。而且含有讓人歡呼雀躍的又多又便宜的卡路里。)”講述了許多人對加工食品表示擔(dān)憂，并先肯定了加工食品的優(yōu)點，所以空處應(yīng)講述加油食品讓人擔(dān)憂的方面，C項“但那種多和便宜是要付出代價的?！迸c上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，且選項中的“cheapness and abundance”對應(yīng)前句中的“cheap and abundant”。故選C。
【36題詳解】
后文“The one in the freezer, with its extra, modified ingredients, is upf.(冰箱里的披薩是超加工食品，里面含有額外的、經(jīng)過改良的成分。)”中的The one in the freezer與第一段中的“one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer”對應(yīng)，所以空處應(yīng)是講述從頭開始制作的披薩的情況，E項“從零開始制作的披薩含有最低限度的加工食品?！狈项}意，選項中的“A pizza made from scratch”與第一段中的“a pizza made from scratch”對應(yīng)。故選E。
【37題詳解】
前文“Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people.(超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，對窮人來說尤其如此。)”講述了窮人用超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，空處應(yīng)承接上文，陳述這么做的原因，B項“它的生產(chǎn)和購買成本低廉?！狈项}意。故選B。
【38題詳解】
后文“Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly.(在少量使用時可能無害的添加劑，在與其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)混合或經(jīng)常攝入時可能會有害。)”講述了有些添加劑在少量食用時無害，但在與其他化學(xué)成分混合或者經(jīng)常使用時卻有害，所以空處應(yīng)是說超加工食品有害的原因并不總是很清晰。G項“超加工食品為何有害的原因并不總是清晰明了，甚至連科學(xué)家也不清楚?！狈项}意。故選G。
【39題詳解】
后文“People who live in so-called ‘food swamps’, where upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live.(生活在所謂的‘食物沼澤’中的人們，那里的超加工食品無處不在，但真正的健康食物卻很難獲得，人們可能要花費大量的時間和金錢去尋找新鮮食物，但這并不是大多數(shù)人的生活方式。)”講述了有些人生活在超加工食品泛濫的環(huán)境中，他們很難獲得健康的食物，由此可知，人們所處的環(huán)境對健康也很重要。A項“環(huán)境也很重要?！狈项}意。故選A。
第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。
If you feel like you may be a people-pleaser, you’re not alone. In today’s highly-connected world, we have a growing obsession (癡迷) with being liked and needing to please others. People seek to please others for various reasons, including avoiding conflicts, securing feelings of being needed, and reducing fears of abandonment. And they are forced to use agreeableness as self-defense.
People-pleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical health problems such as fear of rejection, frustration, anger, addictions, headaches, stomach problems, and high blood pressure. It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decision-making and dependency. Therefore, it’s important to recognize and overcome your own people-pleasing behaviors. Here are some simple exercises that you can start working on today.
Learn to love your own company. Trust that people will not abandon you, even if you don’t drop everything for them. Believing you are lovable for who you are, not what you do, means knowing that people will still be there for you even if you do not always search for ways to please them. Practice this by going to a movie or restaurant alone.
Value the plans made with yourself. They are as important as plans you make with other people. Otherwise, you are sending a message to your brain that a plan you make with yourself does not hold as much value. Don’t break long-or short-term plans you make with yourself, whether it’s going to the gym or studying for an exam.
Say “no” when necessary. If you’re a people-pleaser, you may find it hard to say “no” because you feel it comes across as cruel or uncaring. But it absolutely does not have to. Be clear, be direct, and use “I” statements. Try statements like: “I would really love to be able to help you, but unfortunately, I’m already committed at that time.” By consistently integrating these strategies into your life, you’ll break your people-pleasing habits and develop more healthy, interdependent relationships.
40. What is a people-pleaser like?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Besides mental and physical problems, what other problems may a people-pleaser suffer from?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, you should love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’requests when necessary.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
43. What do you think of the behavior of pleasing others? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A people-pleaser has a (growing) obsession with being liked and needing to please others.
41. A people-pleaser may suffer from weak boundaries, problems with decision-makingand dependency.
42. If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, (you should) love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’ requests when necessary. You should learn to love your own company.
43. I think it’s harmful to mental health. Always obsessed with being liked and ignoring the true needs of our own, we would lose ourselves and tie our worthiness to others’ approval. Once we fail to satisfy all, anxiety and frustration would creep into our minds, causing mental health issues.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是取悅他人的人會出現(xiàn)的一些問題以及如何克服取悅他人的行為。
【40題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“If you feel like you may be a people-pleaser, you’re not alone. In today’s highly-connected world, we have a growing obsession (癡迷) with being liked and needing to please others.(如果你覺得自己是一個討人喜歡的人，那么你并不孤單。在當(dāng)今這個高度互聯(lián)的世界里，我們越來越癡迷于被喜歡，也越來越需要取悅他人。)”可知，取悅他人的人越來越癡迷于被人喜歡，需要取悅他人。故答案為A people-pleaser has a (growing) obsession with being liked and needing to please others.
【41題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“People-pleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical health problems such as fear of rejection, frustration, anger, addictions, headaches, stomach problems, and high blood pressure. It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decision-making and dependency.(取悅他人的行為會導(dǎo)致精神和身體健康問題，比如害怕被拒絕、沮喪、憤怒、上癮、頭痛、胃病和高血壓。它還可能導(dǎo)致邊界薄弱，決策問題和依賴性。)”可知，除了精神和身體上的問題，取悅他人的人還可能會邊界薄弱，決策問題和依賴性。故答案為A people-pleaser may suffer from weak boundaries, problems with decision-makingand dependency.
【42題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Learn to love your own company.(學(xué)會愛自己的陪伴。)”，第四段的“Value the plans made with yourself.(重視自己制定的計劃。)”和第五段的“Say “no” when necessary.(必要的時候說“不”。)”可知，如果你不想成為取悅別人的人，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會愛自己的陪伴，重視自己制定的計劃，必要時拒絕別人的要求，因此錯誤的部分是“(you should) love being with others”，正確的應(yīng)該是You should learn to love your own company，故答案為If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, (you should) love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’ requests when necessary. You should learn to love your own company.
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“People-pleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical health problems such as fear of rejection, frustration, anger, addictions, headaches, stomach problems, and high blood pressure. It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decision-making and dependency.(取悅他人的行為會導(dǎo)致精神和身體健康問題，比如害怕被拒絕、沮喪、憤怒、上癮、頭痛、胃病和高血壓。它還可能導(dǎo)致邊界薄弱，決策問題和依賴性。)”并結(jié)合我個人的看法可知，我認(rèn)為取悅他人對心理健康有害?？偸浅撩杂诒蝗讼矚g，而忽視了自己真正的需求，我們會迷失自我，把自己的價值與別人的認(rèn)可聯(lián)系在一起。一旦我們不能滿足所有人，焦慮和沮喪就會潛入我們的腦海，導(dǎo)致心理健康問題，故答案為I think it’s harmful to mental health. Always obsessed with being liked and ignoring the true needs of our own, we would lose ourselves and tie our worthiness toothers’ approval. Once we fail to satisfy all, anxiety and frustration would creep into our minds, causing mental health issues.
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim打算利用2023年11月第一個周末的一天游覽北京，他發(fā)來郵件請你當(dāng)導(dǎo)游。請你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：
1.接受請求；
2.規(guī)劃行程。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim
I’m pleased to learn that you’re coming to Beijing, and I am very honored to show you around on the first weekend of November 2023.
Our first stop will be the Summer Palace. It is located in the western suburbs of Beijing. We will set out at 8:00 am and stay there for about two hours. After that, we will go to Temple of Heaven in Beijing, which is a very famous building with a long history in China. Finally, we will go to the Forbidden City where the ancient emperors lived.
I’m sure you will be amazed at the wonderful trip, and I do hope that you will have a good time in Beijing.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生李華給英國好友Jim回信，為其安排在北京的一天游覽行程。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
高興的：glad→ pleased
最后：at last → finally
出發(fā)：start→ set out
驚訝的：surprised → amazed
2.句式拓展
合并簡單句
原句：Our first stop will be the Summer Palace. It is located in the western suburbs of Beijing.
拓展句：Our first stop will be the Summer Palace, which is located in the western suburbs of Beijing.
【點睛】【高分句型1】After that, we will go to Temple of Heaven in Beijing, which is a very famous building with a long history in China.（運用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）
【高分句型2】 I’m sure you will be amazed at the wonderful trip（運用了省略that的賓語從句）

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