01 2022年7月上海高考英語真題及答案解析（含聽力mp3）

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?2022年7月全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試
上海 英語試卷
l.Listening Comprehension
Il.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Start a New Business
An entrepreneur is a person who creates , launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met. Entrepreneurs are often imaginative, self-motivated individuals who develop full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have revelant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs to aid (21)____________might provide insight into the steps they took (22)___________( achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur-related questions , and you will find more preparations for it.
Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur?
Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative( know)as an entrepreneur. During the expansion of their strategies ( 23 )_____________companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society ,(24)____________( develop) an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the (25)___________ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service.
Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects?
Answer: Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company's revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine (26)___________doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry-specific materials. Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences.they may use to enhance a firm.(27)___________.
Question: What makes an entrepreneur successful?an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager.
Answer:(28)_____________of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities. An entrepreneur must be able to manage people, a budget, operations, and in certain cases , investors. It necessitates(characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short a work style (29)_____________successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time and long-term goals. (30)______________wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short- and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. pursuits B. interests C. comparable D. innovation E. schedule
F. options G. realization H. routes I. subjects J. recipes K. motivated




Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us
When you think about creativity , it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be “ geniuses” for their somewhat in their fields. Their type of creativity is unique talents that led to global ( 31)_____________what's known as “Big C creativity” ( or historical) and is not very common in everyday life.Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.But while we can't all be Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity--through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like.(32)___________are often wheat people think of when asked what being creative looks like.Our finished pieces may not be (33 )____________with the likes of the great master,but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.
On top of hobbies and (34)__________,we all posses creative attributes that can help as we solve life's problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different(35)__________to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our(36)__________ looks full.
It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability I consider (37)____________and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as “ Small C creativity” or “personal everyday creativity”.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years. It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into
the workplace.Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts(38)___________,but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a growing (39)___________broader range of subjects. For instance, engineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened,and what (40)__________those involved.
Ill. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase, or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know. Although filler words“may have fairly minimal lexical(詞匯的) content,”notes linguist Barbara A. Fox,“they can play a strategic syntactic(句法的)role in a(n)(41)___________conversation”.What appears be a filler word may also be a holophrase(整句字)(42)__________the context.“Hey , hey, shh, shh, shh. Come on. Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable.talking about emotional (43)________.Um, you know, I am, I'm fine with that, but. ...other people”
“Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 call these " hesitation forms’ --the sounds of stammering ( uh), stuttering ( um, um) throat-clearing ( ahem!), stalling ( well,um, that is), interjected when the speaker is searching words or (44)_____________for the next thought.” You know that y' know is among the most common of these (45)___________forms. Its meaning is not the imperious 'you understand’ or even the old interrogatory “ do you get it'? It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase , (46)____________to fill a beat in the flow of sound, not unlike like, in its new sense of, like, a filler word. ..
These staples of modern filler communication--I mean, y'know, like--can also be used as“tee-up words’. In olden times, pointer phrases or tee-up words were get this, would you of these rib-nudging phrases was--are you believe? and are you ready? The (47)____________ready--to make the point, to focus the listener's attention on what was to follow... If the(48)___________is to tee up a point, we should accept y ' know and its friends as a mildly (49)____________spoken punctuation, the articulated colon ( 冒號) that signals “ focus on this’.... If the purpose is to grab a moment to think, we should allow ourselves to wonder : to Why are filler phrases needed at all? What (50)____________the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all?
Why do some people fill the air with non-words and sounds? For some, it is a sign of nervousness; they fear silence and experience speaker (51)_____________.Recent research Columbia University suggests another reason. Columbia psychologists guessed that speakers fill， pauses when (52)__________for the next word. To investigate this (53 )____________they counted the use of filler words used by lecturers in biology , chemistry , and mathematics , when the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choice (54)_________ to the speaker. They then compared the number of filler words used by teachers in English, art history, and philosophy, where the subject matter is less(55)__________.and more open to word choices.
41.A. undertaking B.discovering C.disliking D.unfolding
42.A. depending on B.holding up C. taking over D.arranging for
43.A.appliances B.substances C.disturbances D.finances
44.A. on the contrary B. at a loss C. at dawn D. on no account
45.A. perseverance B.complexity C.hesitation D. obligation
46.A. intended B. attended C.pretended D.extended
47.A. interest B.experience C.advantage D.function
48.A.architecture B. purpose C.completion D.random
49.A.annoying B.striking C.entertaining D.embarrassing
50.A. oppresses B. recycles C.highlights D.motivates
51.A. danger B.anxiety C.figure D.sculpture
52.A. bothering B.inspecting C.searching D.accomplishing
53，A.idea B.chance C.basis D.feedback
54.A. feasible B.credible C.considerable D.available
55.A. well-matched B.well-defined C.well-bred D.well-perceived


Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several question finished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B , C and D.Clthe one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Contemporary artist Nick Smith creates pixelated(像素化的) works with hand colour-chips, synonymous with colour swatches(色塊), cleverly combining text and im create interesting and fascinating collaged (拼貼的) works.
With a previous career in Interior Design spanning 11 years, Nick references his concept design background throughout his work, reworking the design aesthetic using unique colours watches in hand-made collages, placing his work firmly in the fine art category. From his first collage experiment back in 2011 of Warhol's 'Marilyn’, when he assembled a tessellation(鑲嵌技術(shù)) of swatches as a challenge, this eventually inspired his career as an artist and determined his unique style he is now known for.
The multi-layered element of his work, which marries image and word, allows Nick to explore complex art-historical concepts. The text employed is often narrative, which can be read in sequence adding another element of intrigue and interest to the work. This additional element of text, placed under the empty space of each swatch, creates either complimentary or subversive meanings. Nick deliberately leaves these word/image constructions open to viewer interpretation, sparking new debates and meanings.
Each P-series, such as Psycolourgy 2015, Purgatory 2019, explores complicatedly researched concepts, which are always the crucial starting point for each new series of work.Producing large-scale works to micro-chip collages, and multiple sell out print editions, Nick continues to develop his popular and recognisable art.
PSYCOLOURGY—January 2015 Lawrence Alkin Gallery,London
Smith's debut solo exhibition with Lawrence Alkin Gallery in Soho, London , launched his unique visual reworking of classic paintings from the 20th Century canon. Universally known works, including David Hockney's' The Bigger Splash’, Andy Warhol's Soup Cans’ and Leonardo da Vinci's 'Mona Lisa’ were all recast, creating original collages that enquire ideas of depiction, digitalisation and recognition. A sell out show, with numerous successful subsequent print releases, Psycolourgy forged Smith's path to a place among Britain's notable contemporary artists.
PURGATORY--December 2019 Context，Art Miami
Purgatory is a shiny , sticky, glossy exploration of our societies attitude and approach to our excess,addictions and desires.
Excerpts from Dante's Purgatory are woven through colourful works depicting popular covetable consumables, creating symbolic representations of the seven sins. Dante explores possible penance(悔) for our earthly suffering leading to spiritual growth. The results of these pairings offer a humorous, nostalgic and subversive opportunity to question our choices.our history and our future.
56.What made Nick launch his art career?
A. His deep love of fascinating collaged works.
B. His first collage work Warhol's 'Marilyn’
C. The challenge of piecing a tessellation of swatches.
D. The collage experiment dating back to 2012.
57. Which of the following statements about the text Nick uses is true?
A. His text contains concepts of art.
B. His text is usually illustrative.
C. His text can be read sequentially.
D. His text elements are very simple
58.What do we know about PSYCOLOURGY?
A. It opened Smith's unique visual reinvention of classic 21th-century paintings.
B. David Hockney's'Mona Lisa’ has been recreated by Lawrence Alkin Gallery.
C. The original collages affirm the ideas of depiction , digitisation and recognition.
D. It opened Smith's path to becoming one of Britain's leading contemporary artists.
59.What is the topic of this passage?
A. Some useful ways to create collaged works.
B.The life of contemporary artist Nick Smith.
C.Information about Psycolourgy and Purgatory.
D. The introduction to Nick Smith's works.
（B）
Scientifc Method

The scientific method uses a series of steps to establish facts or create knowledge. The overall process is well established , but the specifics of each step may change depending on what is being examined and who is performing it. The scientific method can only answer questions that can be proven or disproven through testing.
Make an observation or ask a question. The first step is to observe something that you would like to learn about or ask a question that you would like answered. These can be specific or general. Some examples would be “I observe that our total available network bandwidth drops at noon every weekday” or “How can we increase our website registration numbers?Taking the time to establish a well-defined question will help you in later steps.
Gather background information.
This involves doing research into what is already known about the topic, This can also involve finding if anyone has already asked the same question.
Create a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is an explanation for the observation or question. If proven later, it can become a fact. Some examples would be “ Our employees watching online videos during lunch is using our internet bandwidth”’ or “ Our website visitors don't see our registration form.Create a prediction and perform a test.Create a testable prediction based on the hypothesis. The test should establish a noticeable change that can be measured or observed using empirical analysis. It is also important to control for other variables during the test. Some examples would be “If we block video-sharing sites.our available bandwidth will not go down significantly during lunch” or “ If we make our registration box bigger, a greater percentage of visitors will register for our website than before the change.”
Analyze the results and draw a conclusion.
Use the metrics established before the test see if the results match the prediction. For example,“ After blocking video-sharing sites, our bandwidth utilization only went down by10% from before; this is not enough of a change to be the primary cause of the network congestion”or “After increasing the size of the registration box, the percent of sign-ups went from 2% of total page views to 5% , showing that making the box larger results in more registrations.
Share the conclusion or decide what question to ask next: Document the results of your experiment.
By sharing the results with others, you also increase the total body of knowledge available.Your experiment may have also led to other questions, or if your hypothesis is disproven you may need to create a new one and test that. For example, “Because user activity is not the cause of excessive bandwidth use, we now suspect that an automated process is running at noon everyday.
60What is the important role of collecting background information?
A.Make full preparation for the research questions.
B.Understand the knowledge of existing research results.
C.Provide evidence to refute the research conclusion.
D.Encourage researchers to reflect deeply on their work.
61. In which case would it be necessary to create a new hypothesis for retesting?
A. The research hypothesis has been fully proved.
B.The research results lead to other related issues.
C. The scope of test data needs to be expanded again.
D.The background investigation is not objective enough.
62. What can we infer from this passage?
A. Creating a question will help you in the following step.
B.Collecting information includes research on an unknown subject.
C. The test should establish a change that cannot be measured easily.
D. You may need to create a new hypothesis if the old one is overturned.
(c)
Business innovation is an organization's process for introducing new ideas , workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation , which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization , with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, wherein ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve one existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance.
The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels; from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits.Additionally, the results of an organization's innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach--or, better still, exceed--strategic objectives.
Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention , but the smartphone is an innovation.
Business innovation can also be' classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process , etc. ,which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous innovation.improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into anew paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation; this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of anew market that displaces an existing one or, similarly , a significant upheaval in a category of products or services.
Business innovation,like most business initiatives , has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment ( ROI) ; that idea considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation.
63. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean?
A.Persuasibility. B. Scarcity. C.Generality. D.Practicability.
64.What is the purpose of business innovation?
A. Create value benefits for the enterprise.
B.Reform the management structure of enterprises.
C. Encourage staff to make more inventions.
D.Upgrade the product performance.
65.Which of the following is true about innovation and invention?
A. They are essentially the same concept.
B.They can replace each other in the context.
C. They can bring huge commercial benefits.
D.They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes.
66. What is the main content of this passage?
A.The precautions for brainstorming meetings
B.The considerations for business innovation.
C.The difference between innovation and invention
D.The revolutionary change in business innovation
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

A. But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy.
B.Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools.
C.These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian.
D. So she learns to be a secretary and works for a time at Oxford University typing documents.
E. However, Jane loves the toy and names the chimpanzee Jubilee ,carrying it with her everywhere.
F.Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticise her for giving the chimpanzees names.

When Leakey and Jane begin a study of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa. They finally agree to Leakey's proposal when Jane's mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months.
On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.
The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she(67)______searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too
soon.Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence.Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30 , 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. (68)_______
On November 4,1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites( 白蟻) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the
termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips.On hearing of This becomes one of Jane's most important discoveries. ( 69)__________Jane's observation, Leakey famously says: “ Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.”
Jane's work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a“It would have been more scientific to give them
university degree.( 70)___________numbers”,they say.Jane has to defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions.minds and personalities.
Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane's work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane's life in Gombe. In August 1963 , Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic,“My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.
IV.Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)
of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Is there a correlation between high IQ and creative genius? Really , the phrasing of the question contradicts very much correlation, as “creativity” is in no way measured through IQ standardized testing, and creativity is the greatest determinant of a genius as, like you say , it is a genius. Innovation upon any subject requires a drive to create.
As ones IQ increases, there is an increased probability that they are a genius because their level of creativity has a higher probability of ascending(升高) them to genius level. However if the odds are against them, there is an average probability that they are a genius since they are average percent genius. This is because genius and IQ are composed of different mental constructs as IQ measures a standard comprehension level, while creativity measures the way in which this comprehension is used. For example , if your IQ is 180, the percentage that you are a genius is subtracted by the amount of creativity necessary to become a genius. This is inductive of the influence that the brain has on awareness. The brain gains perceptive awareness upon “creating thoughts in a continuous cyclic process, and if you were very “intelligent” but could not generate thoughts, you could not be an intellectual being. However, one who is alive can never stop thinking, so the correlation of IQ and genius would objectively appear as a negative exponential function.
There are few exceptionally creative people out there, just as there are few exceptionally intelligent people, and one does not occur with the other. Possessing a high level of intelligence is a platform of understanding for the creative thinking skills to make up originality. When one bears informal thinking skills, they typically occupy heightened intuitive awareness, and vivid imaginative qualities. Critical thinking skills allow one to make sense of the resultant creative output within its surrounding context of knowledge.
However, not all “ geniuses”from our subjective intelligence range necessarily have high levels of creativity. One's level of intelligence can be so high that their platform of understanding generalizes ideas where a genius with lower levels of intelligence must use creativity in order to attain a sort of qualitative equivalence. Examples of people like this throughout history include the likes of John von Neumann and Christopher Langan.
V.Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 媽媽忘了兩天前剛給鄰居買過黃瓜。(forget)
__________________________________________________________________________
73. 每逢節(jié)假日,我們都會去郊區(qū)露營,為的就是享受悠閑愜意的生活。(so that)
_________________________________________________________________________
74. 切莫苛求運動強度和頻率,細(xì)水長流才能見效。(a different)
_________________________________________________________________________
75. 這條運河歷經(jīng)數(shù)百年才修建而成,如今雖無昔日繁榮之景,但仍然是橫跨東西的重要水路。(as... as)
_____________________________________________________________________________
VI.Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假使你是明啟中學(xué)的高三學(xué)生李華,你的學(xué)校正在組織“走進(jìn)歷史”主題活動,擬從三個活動形式里選擇一個:走訪老戰(zhàn)士、表演歷史劇和制作短視頻。學(xué)校正在向全體師生征求建議。必須包含:
(1)你的選擇;
(2) 你的理由。




答案解析

21.them 22.to achieve 23.is known 24.develops
25.existing 26.what 27.which 28.As 29.characterized 30.A
21.them
[解析]考查代詞作賓語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這里說的是成功的企業(yè)家為有抱負(fù)的企業(yè)家提供建議，因此此處要幫助的人(賓語)指的就是有抱負(fù)的企業(yè)家們，即aspiring entrepreneurs，所以應(yīng)填入人稱代詞賓格，且表復(fù)數(shù)，故填入them。句意:成功的企業(yè)家通常有相關(guān)的見解、專業(yè)知識和建議，他們可以為有抱負(fù)的企業(yè)家提供幫助，幫助他們走上各自的道路。
22.to achieve
[解析]考查動詞不定式作目的狀語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，企業(yè)家所采取的步驟是為了獲得成功，所以這里應(yīng)用動詞不定式表目的。而且根據(jù)句子的謂語動詞might provide判定空格處的動詞為非謂語動詞。故填入 to achieve。句意:采訪企業(yè)家可能會讓你了解他們?nèi)〉贸晒λ扇〉牟襟E
23is known
[解析]考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動。結(jié)合問題“How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企業(yè)家?)”可知這個回答是在為企業(yè)家下定義，此處應(yīng)為固定搭配“be known as”(被稱為;被認(rèn)為是...)，根據(jù)“An individual”可知此處的be動詞是單數(shù)的，文章的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，而且根據(jù)句子主語individual后的who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，空格處的動詞為謂語動詞。故填入is known。句意通過創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略建立并擴大自己公司的人被稱為企業(yè)家。
24.develops
[解析]考查一般現(xiàn)在時。此句的主語是An entrepreneur，該空是一個謂語動詞且與前面的 perceives 并列，時態(tài)還是一般現(xiàn)在時，故填入 develops。句意:業(yè)家在他們的社會中發(fā)現(xiàn)了商業(yè)需求，發(fā)展出了一個商業(yè)想法，然后主動創(chuàng)辦了自己的公司。此空的陷阱主語后面的空格處動詞，慣性思維理解為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)實際這個句子看完才發(fā)現(xiàn)是并列謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。此題的失分較多，很多同學(xué)們會填寫developing，事實上是develops。
25.existing
[解析]考查先分詞作定語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞 market,而且從句子的謂語動詞 does not center 也推測空格處動詞需要填寫非謂語動詞故填入existing(現(xiàn)存的，現(xiàn)行的)。句意:假設(shè)一個商業(yè)想法的中心不是生產(chǎn)填補現(xiàn)有市場空白的產(chǎn)品
26.what
[解析]考查賓語從句。該段回答的問題是“企業(yè)家如何識別商業(yè)前景”，根據(jù)后面的“how they succeed(他們是如何成功的)”可以推測出這里要表達(dá)的意思是“其他企業(yè)在做什么”，故填入 what。句意:企業(yè)家可以通過進(jìn)行競爭分析來確定該地區(qū)的其他企業(yè)在做什么以及他們是如何成功的。
27.which
[解析]考查非限制性定語從句。此處考查的是定語從句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的從句中作賓語，屬于事物，故填入 which。句意:與消費者的對話也有助于識別他們的沮喪和負(fù)面體驗，他們可能會利用這些來增強公司。
28.As
[解析]考查介詞。此處回答的問題是“是什么讓企業(yè)家成功”后面的you are both your manager and the manager of others,是個完整的句子，an entrepreneur 為名詞結(jié)合語境，此處要表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)是“作為一名企業(yè)家”，故填入 As。句意:作為一名企業(yè)家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。
29.characterized
[解析]考查過去分詞作后置定語。根據(jù)句子的謂語動詞necessitates 判定空格處的提示動詞為非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)，而且由“by”可知，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞修飾名詞詞組 a work style，此處實際上是一個定語從句，which is characterized by multitasking and planning，省略了 which is，故填入 characterized。句意:它需要一種多任務(wù)處理和為公司的短期和長期目標(biāo)規(guī)劃的工作風(fēng)格。
30.A
[解析]考查不定冠詞。這里的entrepreneur 為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾，故填入 A。句意:一個成功的企業(yè)家必須能夠明智地利用他的時間，有規(guī)律地根據(jù)項目的相關(guān)性和重要性分析和排序。
31-40 DACBH EFIGK
31D[解析]此處的形容詞global (全球的)應(yīng)修飾名詞，結(jié)合前面提到的“當(dāng)你想到創(chuàng)造力時，你可能會想到像莫扎特、達(dá)芬奇或愛因斯坦這樣極具創(chuàng)造力的人。他們都被認(rèn)為是“天才”，因為他們有些獨特的才能”，這里講的是創(chuàng)造力，分析選項，只有“innovation”符合語境及邏輯。此處句意為“他們都被認(rèn)為是“天才”因為他們有些獨特的才能，導(dǎo)致了他們所在領(lǐng)域的全球創(chuàng)新(innovation)”故選D。innovation.創(chuàng)新。
32.A[解析]該空對應(yīng)的是前面提到的“hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano”，分析選項可知“水彩畫或彈鋼琴”可以說是“追求”，句意為:當(dāng)被問及創(chuàng)造力是什么樣子時，人們通常會想到這些類型的追求(pursuits)。故選A。pursuits n.追求。
33.C[解析]此處考查固定搭配 become parablewith(與..可比較的比得上.的)此處句意為“我們完成的作品可能無法與大師們的作品相提并論 (comparable)但通常這個過程是有益的，最終的結(jié)果是令人賞心悅目的”，故選C。Comparable adj.可比的，可比較的。
34.B[解析]該空與hobbies 并列，且它們的意思應(yīng)該是相近的，分析選項可知應(yīng)選“interests”。句意為“除了愛好和興趣(interests)，我們都擁有創(chuàng)造性的屬性可以幫助我們解決生活中的問題和做決定”，故選B。interests n興趣。35,H[解析]根據(jù)后面的“to get to the same destination (到達(dá)同一個目的地)”可以反推出我們需要先計劃路線，此處句意為“正是這種創(chuàng)造力使我們能夠計劃不同的路線 (routes)到達(dá)同一個目的地”，故選H。routes n.路線;路途。
36.E[解析]分析選項可知“當(dāng)我們的時間表看起來很滿時”符合語境及邏輯，此處句意為“或者當(dāng)我們的時間表(schedule)看起來很滿時如何安排去超市的旅行”故選E。scheduled.計劃(表)，進(jìn)度表;時間表。
37.F[解析]分析選項，根據(jù)后面的“as well as how to make decisions based or personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. (以及如根據(jù)個人之前的經(jīng)驗或我們正式或非正式地學(xué)到的知識做出決定)”可以推測出我們考慮的是“選擇”，句意為:這聽起來可能不是很有創(chuàng)意，但這方面的創(chuàng)造力依賴于我們考慮選擇(options) 和評估其適用性的能力，以及如何根據(jù)個人之前的經(jīng)驗或我們正式或非正式地學(xué)到的知識做出決定。故選F。options.可選擇的事物;選擇，選擇權(quán)。
38.I[解析]根據(jù)后面的“but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science”可知此處應(yīng)為“subjects句意為“我們之前的研究表明教師通常能夠給出藝術(shù)科目(subjects)中創(chuàng)造性活動的例子，但當(dāng)被要求描述科學(xué)等科目中的創(chuàng)造性時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做到這一點”，故選I subjects.學(xué)科科目;主題。
39.G[解析]分析選項，“創(chuàng)新的機會在更廣泛的學(xué)科中存在”屬于一種“認(rèn)識，意識”，此處句意為“但人們越來越意識到(realization)，創(chuàng)新的機會在更廣泛的學(xué)科中存在”，故選G。realization n.認(rèn)識，領(lǐng)悟。
40.K[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此空是一個謂語動詞，且時態(tài)為一般過去時，應(yīng)選motivated。此處句意為“例如，工程學(xué)提供了通過解決問題來發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力的機會，而歷史則提供了機會來創(chuàng)造性地思考事件發(fā)生的原因，以及是什么激發(fā)了(motivated )參與者”，故選K。motivated.成為......的動機，是......的原因激勵，激發(fā)。
41-55 DACBC ADBAD BCADB
41D[解析]結(jié)合該空之后提及的What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase可知，該句句意為“看似填充詞的東西也可能是完整短語”，再結(jié)合相關(guān)選項分析，此處想要表達(dá)的是填充詞詞在對話交流中的重要作用，即此處句意為“它們可以在展開的 (unfolding)話語中發(fā)揮戰(zhàn)略性的句法作用”，故選D。undertaking v.擔(dān)任;discovering v.發(fā)現(xiàn);disliking v.不喜歡;厭惡;unfolding v.顯露;展現(xiàn);展開。
42.A[解析]此題根據(jù)選項進(jìn)行反向推選，根據(jù)該空前提及的 What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase 和該空后提及的 the context，這里將“填充詞”“完整語句”和“上下文”三個詞同時出現(xiàn)于一句話中，再結(jié)合選項進(jìn)行分析,可推知此處句意為“依據(jù)(depending on)上下文，看似填充詞的內(nèi)容也可能是完整短語”，故選A。depending on 依賴;依靠;holding up 停頓;支持;taking over接管;arranging for安排
43.C[解析]根據(jù)該空前提及的 Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable talking about 可知，該空所填詞需要有一定的情感情緒在其中，結(jié)合相關(guān)選項分析，此處句意為“對別人不喜歡談?wù)撉榫w障礙 disturbances)的事實要敏感”，故選C。appliances.器具;器械;substances.物質(zhì);disturbances騷亂:困擾;finances n.資金;經(jīng)費
44B[解析]結(jié)合上文提及的Moder linguists led by Leonard Bloom field in 1933callthesehesitation forms等相關(guān)內(nèi)容，可知，此處在表述講話時的一種“猶豫形式”再結(jié)合相關(guān)選項分析，與hesitation forms相接近的意思選項為at a loss，即此處句意為“當(dāng)說話者在摸索單詞或不知所措地 (at a loss)想下一個想法時，會插嘴”，故選B。on the contrary 與此相反;at a loss不知所措;at dawn拂曉時;on no account絕不;切莫。
45.C[解析]結(jié)合上文對hesitation forms 等填充詞所舉的例子，以及該空后提及 Its meaning is not the imperious you understand' or even the old interrogatory do you get it'? It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase 可推知，此處的 You know 也是“最常見的猶豫 (hesitation)形式之一”，故選C。perseverance n.毅力韌性;complexity n.復(fù)雜性;hesitation n.猶豫;躊躇; obligation n.義務(wù);責(zé)任。46.A[解析]結(jié)合該空之后提及的 like 的例子可推知，該空處想要表述的是關(guān)干填充詞使用的目的和意圖，即此處句意為“它只是一個填充詞，意在 (intended)填充聲音流中的一個節(jié)拍”，故選A。intended.打算;意指，attended v.出席參加;pretended.假裝;extended v.延伸;延長。
47.D[解析]結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容的講述以及該空后提及的 to make the point, to focus the listener's attention on what was to follow 可推知，此處在講述有關(guān)充詞交流的作用，結(jié)合選項分析，可推知此處句意為“這些短語的作用 (function)是....”，故上海高考英語真題解析[2023版](詳解詳析)
選 D。Interest n.興趣;吸引力;利益;experience n.經(jīng)驗;經(jīng)歷;advantage n.有利條件;優(yōu)勢;function n.功能;函數(shù)。
48. B[解析]結(jié)合下文提及的Ifthe purpose is to grab a moment to think,we should allow ourselves to wonder 可知，此處句子結(jié)構(gòu)與上文相同，結(jié)合選項推知此處想表達(dá)的是根據(jù)不同的目的來選擇填充詞的使用，即該空處句意為“如果目的(purpose)是為了表達(dá)一個觀點”，故選B。Architecture n.建筑學(xué);結(jié)構(gòu);架構(gòu)purpose n.意圖;目的;completion n.完成;結(jié)束;random n.隨機。
49.A[解析]根據(jù)該空前提及的 mildly(和善地;輕微地)可排除B 項，兩者想表述的意思相反;而結(jié)合該空前提及的we should accept y’know and its friends...和該空后提及的the articulated colon(冒號)that signals focus on this可知，you know 這一填充詞表述并不會使人尷尬或者使人愉快，相比之下A 項符合文意，即此處句意為“我們應(yīng)該接受“你知道”和它的朋友們作為一個稍微煩人的(annoying)口語標(biāo)點符號，即清晰的冒號(冒號)這意味著“專注于這個”......”故選A。annoying adj.煩人的;striking adj.顯著的;引人注目的;entertaining adj.有趣的;使人愉快的;embarrassing adj令人尷尬的。
50D[解析]結(jié)合該空后提及的the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all 可知此處與“演講者借助填充詞來填補沉默時刻”的情境相關(guān)，結(jié)合選項以及上文內(nèi)容可推知，此處需要思考的內(nèi)容是“是什么促使(motivates)演講者用任何聲音來填補沉默的時刻”，其余選項與文意不符，故選D。oppresses v.壓迫;壓制;recycles v.回收利用;highlights v.突出;強調(diào);motivates v.激發(fā)誘發(fā)。
51B[解析]結(jié)合上文提及的For some,it is a sign of nervousness 可推知此處想要表達(dá)的是“他們害怕沉默，并經(jīng)歷演講者的焦慮 (anxiety)”，故選B。danger n危險;anxiety n.焦慮;擔(dān)心;figure n.數(shù)字;人影;形象;sculpture n.雕刻作品。
52. C[解析]根據(jù)該空后提及的 for the next word，可以排除A項和D項，這兩項填入文章語意不通順，再結(jié)合下文的相關(guān)研究分析可推知，此處更符合文意的是 inspecting，因為 inspect 側(cè)重于為了查看東西的質(zhì)量或情況而仔細(xì)地查看，而search 更側(cè)重于有目的的搜查、搜索，相較之下，C 項符合文意，即此處句意為“哥倫比亞大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家推測，說話者在搜索 (searching) 下一個單詞時會出現(xiàn)停頓”，故選 C。Bothering v打擾;煩擾:迷惑;inspecting v.檢查;檢驗.searching v.搜查;探查;accomplishing v.完成;達(dá)到。
53.A[解析]結(jié)合上文提及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，可知上文提及的是觀點，下文對觀點進(jìn)行研究分析，結(jié)合選項即可分析此處句意為“為了調(diào)查這一觀點(idea)，他們統(tǒng)計了生物、化學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)講師使用的填充詞的使用情況”，故選 A。idea n. 想法chance n，可能性;機會;basis n.基礎(chǔ);基準(zhǔn);feedback n.反饋54.D[解析]結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，此處是在對各科教師使用填充詞情況的研究結(jié)合相關(guān)選項可排除B和C項,再根據(jù)該空后提及的where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices 可知，此處更側(cè)重于他們使用填充詞的“多樣性”，由此推知 D項更符合文意，即此處句意為“其中主題使用的科學(xué)定義限制了演講者可用的 (available) 單詞選擇的多樣性”，故選D。feasible adj.可行的;credible adj.可信的;可靠的;considerable adj想當(dāng)多/大的;available adj.可用的;可獲得的。
55B[解析]結(jié)合上文提及的 where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices 可知，此處的情況與上文所述內(nèi)容情況相反，即可推知此處句意為“然后，他們比較了英語、藝術(shù)史和哲學(xué)中教師使用的填充詞的數(shù)量，這些領(lǐng)域的主題定義不太明確 (well-defined)，更容易選擇單詞”，故選B。well-matched adj.搭配得當(dāng)?shù)?well-defined adj.定義明確的;界限清楚的well-bred adj.有教養(yǎng)的;良種的;well-perceived adj，有知覺的。
56-59 CCDD
56.C[解析]根據(jù)文章第二段的 From his first collage experiment back in 2011ofWarhol's Marilyn’, when he assembled a tessellation of swatches as a challenge, this eventually inspired his career as an artist and determined his unique style he is now known for.可知2011年，他在沃霍爾的作品《瑪麗蓮》中進(jìn)行了第一次拼貼實驗當(dāng)時他將色板鑲嵌在一起作為挑戰(zhàn)，這最終激發(fā)了他作為藝術(shù)家的職業(yè)生涯，并決定了他現(xiàn)在以獨特的風(fēng)格著稱。A(他對挑啟發(fā)性拼貼作品的熱愛)、B(他的第一個拼貼作品沃霍爾的“瑪麗蓮”)、D(2012 年的拼貼實驗)都說法錯誤C(拼貼一塊鑲嵌的色板的挑戰(zhàn))正確，故選 C。57.C[解析]根據(jù)文章第三段的 The text employed is often narrative,which can be read in sequence adding another element of intrigue and interest to the work.可知Nick Smith 使用的文本通常是敘事性的，可以按順序閱讀，為作品添加另一個陰謀和興趣的元素。A(他的文本包含了藝術(shù)的概念)、B(他的文本通常是說明性的)、D(他的文本元素非常簡單)都說法錯誤:C(他的文本可以按順序讀)正確，故選C。
58D[解析]根據(jù)文章第五段的Smith’s debut solo exhibition with Lawrence Alkin Gallery in Soho, London, launched his unique visual reworking of classic paintingsfromthe20th Century canon可知史密斯在倫敦蘇活區(qū)與勞倫斯阿爾金畫廊合辦的首場個人展覽，開啟了他對20世紀(jì)經(jīng)典畫作的獨特視覺再造。A(它開啟了史密斯對21世紀(jì)經(jīng)典繪畫的獨特視覺再造)錯誤;根據(jù)該段的Universally known works, including David Hockney's“The Bigger Splash’, Andy Warhol's Soup Cans and Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa’ were all recast, creating original collages that interrogate ideas of depiction,digitalisation and recognition.可知包括大衛(wèi)·霍克尼的《更大的水花》、安迪·沃霍爾的《湯罐》和列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇的《蒙娜麗莎》在內(nèi)的著名作品都經(jīng)過了重新創(chuàng)作，他創(chuàng)作出了原創(chuàng)的拼貼畫，對描繪、數(shù)字化和識別的理念進(jìn)行了質(zhì)疑。B(大衛(wèi)·霍克尼的《蒙娜麗莎》由勞倫斯·阿爾金畫廊重新創(chuàng)作)錯誤;C(原始拼貼畫肯定了描繪、數(shù)字化和識別的思想)也錯誤:根據(jù)該段的 A sell out show, with numerous successful subsequent print releases.Psycolourgy forged Smith's path to a place among Britain's notable contemporary artists可知“心理色彩”為史密斯開辟了通往英國著名當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家之路。D(它開啟了史密斯成為英國當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家的道路) 正確，故選 D。
59.D[解析]根據(jù)整篇文章分析，文章一開始介紹了當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家 Nick Smith 將文字和圖像結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)作出有趣和發(fā)人深省的拼貼作品。接下來主要介紹了他的作品的設(shè)計理念，最后描述了他的兩個系列作品:Pycolourgy 和 Purgatory。所以文章主要是介紹 Nick Smith 的作品。A(一些創(chuàng)作拼貼作品的有用方法)、B(當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家尼克·史密斯的生平)、C(關(guān)于心理色學(xué)和煉獄的信息)都說法錯誤;D(介紹尼克·史密斯的作品)正確，故選 D
60-62 BBD
60.B[解析]根據(jù)文章第三段提及的 This involves doing research into what is already known about the topic. This can also involve finding if anyone has already asked the same question可知，收集背景信息不僅涉及到對已經(jīng)知道的主題進(jìn)行研究，還可能涉及到是否有人已經(jīng)問過同樣的問題。結(jié)合相關(guān)選項分析，B 項表述的“了解現(xiàn)有研究成果的知識”是收集背景信息重要作用，故選 B。
61.B[解析]根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句提及的Your experiment may have also led to other questions, or if your hypothesis is disproven you may need to create a new one and test that 可知，你的實驗可能還引出了其他問題，或者如果你的假設(shè)被推翻,你可能需要創(chuàng)建一個新的假設(shè)并進(jìn)行測試。結(jié)合相關(guān)選項分析，當(dāng)研究結(jié)果引出了其他相關(guān)問題時，我們需要創(chuàng)建新的假設(shè)進(jìn)行測試，故選B。62D[解析]根據(jù)文章第二段的Taking the time to establish a well-defined question will help you in later steps可知花點時間建立一個定義明確的問題會在后面的步驟中幫助你。A(創(chuàng)建一個問題將幫助你完成后面的步驟)錯誤;根據(jù)第三段的Gather background information. This involves doing research into what is already known about the topic.可知收集背景資料包括對已知的主題進(jìn)行研究。B(收集信息包括對未知主題的研究)錯誤;根據(jù)第五段的 The test should establish a noticeable change that can be measured or observed using empirical analysis.可知湖試應(yīng)該建立一個可以用經(jīng)驗分析測量或觀察到的明顯變化。C(測試應(yīng)該建立一個不能輕松測量的變化)錯誤;根據(jù)最后一段的or if your hypothesis is disproven you may need to create a new one and test that 可知如果你的假設(shè)被推翻了，你可能需要創(chuàng)建一個新的假設(shè)并進(jìn)行驗證。D(如果你的假設(shè)被推翻了，你可能需要創(chuàng)建一個新的假設(shè)并驗證它)正確，故選 D。
63-66 DADB
63.D[解析]結(jié)合語境以及該詞之后的并列詞語feasibility and desirability可推知此處表述的是關(guān)于“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者對于頭腦風(fēng)暴所提創(chuàng)意可行性的考慮”，其中 viability有“生存能力，耐用性 可行性”之意，結(jié)合選項分析，Practicability 一詞也有“實用性，可行性”之意，而 Persuasive 意為“有說服力的，勸誘的”，Scarcity 意為“稀缺的”，Generality 意為“概括性的”，故選D
64.A[解析]根據(jù)文章第二段第一句提及的The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization 可知，商業(yè)創(chuàng)新過程的目的是為組織創(chuàng)造價值，再結(jié)合下文對這種價值的具體講述，可知 A 項的“為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造價值效益表述正確，故選A。
65.D[解析]根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要在講述創(chuàng)新和發(fā)明兩者概念的不同之處，再結(jié)合該段最后一句所舉的“電話與智能手機”的相關(guān)例子，可推知A 項表述錯誤;根據(jù)文章第三段第一句提及的Innovation and invention are closely linked but the two terms are not interchangeable可知，創(chuàng)新和發(fā)明緊密相連，但這兩個術(shù)語不能互換，B 項表述有誤;C項文章未明確提及;結(jié)合文章第三段第三句提及的 The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope可知，創(chuàng)新和發(fā)明的概念范圍不同，D項表述正確，故選D。66B[解析]根據(jù)整篇文章內(nèi)容分析，可知本文主要圍繞Business innovation-詞進(jìn)行講述，其中不僅提及了Business innovation 一詞的概念，還提出其改進(jìn)的方向、實現(xiàn)目的以及相關(guān)的創(chuàng)新分類。除此以外，文章還對商業(yè)創(chuàng)新的積極影響和消極影響進(jìn)行了簡要概述。因此，結(jié)合選項分析，這篇文章講述的主要內(nèi)容是“業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新需要考慮的因素”，即B項表述正確，故選 B。
67-70ACBF
67.A[解析]句意:但研究貢貝的黑猩猩并不容易。根據(jù)上文提及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知，Leakey and Jane 開始了對黑猩猩的研究，再結(jié)合該空之后提及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容可推知，此處在講述 Jane 在研究過程中遇到的問題，結(jié)合相關(guān)選項分析，A 項表述的內(nèi)容能夠承接上下文，故選 A。
68.C[解析]句意:這些觀察結(jié)果推翻了人們普遍認(rèn)為黑猩猩是素食者的觀點。結(jié)合該空前提及的 Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30,1961 Later,she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat 可知,此處提及了黑猩猩的飲食情況結(jié)合相關(guān)選項分析，C 項提及了關(guān)于“推翻黑猩猩是素食主義者”的觀點，這一表述與上文提及的黑猩猩吃肉內(nèi)容相符，故選C。
69.B[解析]句意:直到那時，人們認(rèn)為只有人類才能創(chuàng)造工具。結(jié)合上段提及的關(guān)于黑猩猩借助樹枝來享用白蟻的行為，以及該空之后提及的 On hearing of Jane's observation, Leakey famously says:“Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man.or accept chimpanzees as humans”可推知，該空處講述的內(nèi)容與“工具制造”相關(guān)結(jié)合選項分析，B 項提到了創(chuàng)造工具這一說法，故選 B。
70.F[解析]句意:一些學(xué)者和科學(xué)家對簡冷淡，并批評她給黑猩猩取了名字。結(jié)合該空前提及的內(nèi)容可知，此處在講述簡所取得的成就獲得的榮譽，而該空后提及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容則是表達(dá)了對簡做法的一種反對觀點表述。結(jié)合相關(guān)選項分析,這些人應(yīng)該是反對者，F(xiàn) 項的相關(guān)表述提到了相關(guān)學(xué)者和科學(xué)家對簡態(tài)度和批評觀點，故選F。