
?江西省重點中學九校協(xié)作體2023屆高三第二次聯(lián)考
英語試卷
第I卷 選擇題 (共100分)
第一部分 聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié) (共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. What does the man plan to do?
A. Attend a concert. B. See a film. C. Watch a game.
2. What is the man doing?
A. Asking permission. B. Offering help. C. Finding the smoking area.
3. When did the woman come back home?
A. At 8:00 B. At 10:00. C. At 11:00.
4. Where does the woman want to have dinner?
A. At the man’s house.
B. At the Red Rose Restaurant.
C. At the Blue Moon Restaurant.
5. What will the woman do?
A. Take a bath. B. Cook a meal. C. Call her dad.
第二節(jié) (共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽下面一段對話,回答第6和第7兩個小題。
6. How much will the woman pay?
A. $200. B. $100. C. $400.
7. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Walk the dog twice a day.
B. Feed the dog every two hours.
C. Get the dog’s registration papers.
聽下面一段對話,回答第8和第9兩個小題。
8. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Boss and employee. B. Husband and wife. C. Neighbors.
9. What does the man have to do now?
A. Talk with the woman. B. Go to the airport. C. See Mr. Brown off.
聽下面一段對話,回答第10至第12三個小題。
10. What’s the woman’s trouble?
A. She argued with her classmate.
B. She has difficulty getting a job.
C. She lacks fashionable clothes.
11. What should the woman do according to her parents?
A. Buy some new clothes. B. Spend more time on her study. C. Get a part-time job.
12. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is the same size as her sister.
B. She doesn’t want to wear her sister’s clothes.
C. She will have a talk with her parents.
聽下面一段對話,回答第13至第16四個小題。
13. Why does the woman call the man?
A. To invite him to a party.
B. To help him buy some food.
C. To ask him to send some invitations.
14. What does the woman say about Ben?
A. He is leaving France. B. He has become a teacher. C. He will work for a magazine.
15. Who will attend the party?
A. Ben’s teachers. B. Ben’s parents. C. Ben’s workmates.
16. When will the speakers meet?
A. At 8:45. B. At 9:00. C. At 10:00.
聽下面一段獨白,回答第17至第20四個小題。
17. Who is the speaker?
A. Brandon’s mother. B. A customer. C. An announcer at Wal-Mart.
18. Where was Brandon last seen?
A. In the frozen foods section. B. In the sporting goods section. C. In the toys section.
19. What is Brandon wearing?
A. A white shirt and a red baseball cap.
B. Blue jeans and a black baseball cap.
C. A dark shirt and blue jeans.
20. What should customers do if they see Brandon?
A. Call the security department.
B. Take him to the Pizza Hut.
C. Help him to get to the security desk.
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
The culture of newspaper reading in the United Kingdom started in the19th century. The number of the newspapers circulated daily peaked during the early 21st century. Here are four well-known ones.
The Sun
The Sun is a popular newspaper, which was established in 1964 and bought by Rupert Murdoch’s News International Company in 1969. It is filled with the jokes about heads of state and major events both inside and outside Britain such as mayor’s trousers not being tied properly, politicians sleeping during conferences and so on. Its lively and popular style just meets the taste of the lower classes. The majority of The Sun’s readers are in the age group of 15-34 years. Now its annual circulation has reached 23,100,000 copies.
Metro
Metro is a free tabloid (小報) newspaper distributed from Monday to Friday, which was established in 1999. Metro is published by NMG group and is distributed throughout the United Kingdom. It has gained popularity over time and also has a digital platform. The features section covers a variety of articles including lifestyle, home, science, and health. This variety of content attracts readers from various walks of life.
Daily Mail
Daily Mail, compared to The Sun, is a little more serious. It was established in 1896. Reading Daily Mail can not only understand major political and economic events, but also read some relaxing and helpful contents. Well-known for female favorite topics, it is extremely popular with middle-class housewives.
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper that was founded in 1821 in London, UK. The Guardian receives average daily readers of about 1.03 million with 126,879 in daily newspapers circulated. The paper focuses on politics, policy, business, and international relations. Their coverage includes News and Opinion, Sports, Culture, Lifestyle, Podcasts, and more.
1. Who may be the target readers of The Sun according to the text?
A. Elderly people. B. Middle-class men. C. Lower classes. D. Scientists.
2. Which newspaper has the shortest history?
A. The Sun. B. Daily Mail. C. The Guardian. D. Metro.
3. Which topic is least likely to be covered in The Guardian?
A. World Cup finals. B. Jogging methods.
C. Sino-France relations. D. Gossip news.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四種報紙的情況。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Its lively and popular style just meets the taste of the lower classes.(它活潑而流行的風格正好符合下層階級的口味)”可知,《太陽報》的目標讀者是下層階級。故選C。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Sun成立于1969年;Metro成立于1999年;Daily Mail成立于1896;The Guardian成立于1821年。故可知,Metro的歷史最短。故選D。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“The paper focuses on politics, policy, business, and international relations. Their coverage includes News and Opinion, Sports, Culture, Lifestyle, Podcasts, and more.(報紙的重點是政治、政策、商業(yè)和國際關(guān)系。它們的報道包括新聞和觀點、體育、文化、生活方式、播客等)”可知,八卦新聞最不可能被《衛(wèi)報》報道。故選D。
B
What’s the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of wheat straw? Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer’s field. However, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritor, can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat into eye-catching functional artworks.
Straw weaving is a method of making daily items or artworks by braiding straw. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. The earliest straw-woven products were unearthed at Hemudu Cultural Ruins, a Neolithic (新石器的) cultural site located in Zhejiang province. The Book of Rites, one of the classical works of Confucianism, also records that there were mats made of cattail grass (香蒲) during the Zhou Dynasty.
Wu explains the process of straw weaving: you need to select the materials first, and then sketch the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills. Next comes the weaving, shaping and finally the preserving of the work. Even by sticking to that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make it lifelike and solid.
Wu recalls that, when she was a child, woven straw items could be found almost in every household in the countryside, such as straw hats and straw shoes, because they were practical in everyday life. “Due to the impact of industrialization, manufactured goods have replaced such products, which provide low profits, and there are only about 100 individuals engaging in the work across the country,” she notes.
From her perspective, straw weaving should respond to people’s needs and preferences, while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture. “For straw weaving to blossom, craftspeople should make joint efforts to grasp the trends and opportunities of the times to create new and relevant products,” she says.
When asked about her plans, Wu says she longs to dig deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by making full use of the straw weaving technique.
4. What do we know about straw weaving according to the text?
A. Straw weaving is a way to make priceless items or artworks.
B. One of Mencius’ works documents the history of straw weaving.
C. It has been a Chinese intangible cultural heritage for over ten years.
D. The earliest straw weaving products were found at Banpo Cultural Ruins.
5. Which of the following is part of the process of straw weaving?
A. Shaping the straw before weaving it. B. Drawing the work on paper.
C. Using a special machine to process the material. D. Drying the fresh wheat.
6. What can be inferred from Wu’s words?
A. Chasing profits is the main purpose for craftsmen.
B. Straw weaving artworks can neglect people’s demands.
C. Straw weaving skills should keep pace with the times.
D. Straw weaving has gained in popularity over recent years.
7. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Health. B. Culture. C. Education. D. Business.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了稻草編織技術(shù),介紹了其歷史以及過程。
【4題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Straw weaving is a method of making daily items or artworks by braiding straw. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.(稻草編織是一種用稻草編織日常用品或藝術(shù)品的方法。2008年被列為國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))”可知,稻草編織被列為中國非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)已有十多年了。故選C。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Wu explains the process of straw weaving: you need to select the materials first, and then sketch the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills.(吳解釋了稻草編織的過程:你需要先選擇材料,然后在紙上畫出草圖,這需要繪畫技巧)”可知,稻草編織過程的一部分包括把作品畫在紙上。故選B。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““For straw weaving to blossom, craftspeople should make joint efforts to grasp the trends and opportunities of the times to create new and relevant products,” she says.(她說:“為了讓草編蓬勃發(fā)展,工匠們應該共同努力,把握時代的趨勢和機遇,創(chuàng)造出新的、相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品。”)”可推知,草編技術(shù)要與時俱進。故選C。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Straw weaving is a method of making daily items or artworks by braiding straw. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. The earliest straw-woven products were unearthed at Hemudu Cultural Ruins, a Neolithic (新石器的) cultural site located in Zhejiang province. The Book of Rites, one of the classical works of Confucianism, also records that there were mats made of cattail grass (香蒲) during the Zhou Dynasty.(稻草編織是一種用稻草編織日常用品或藝術(shù)品的方法。2008年被列為國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。最早的草編產(chǎn)品出土于河姆渡文化遺址,這是位于浙江省的新石器時代文化遺址。儒家經(jīng)典著作之一的《禮記》也記載了在周朝有香蒲制成的席子)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了稻草編織技術(shù),介紹了其歷史以及過程??赏浦?,文章選自報紙的“文化”版面。故選B。
C
We all know there’s good cholesterol (膽固醇) and bad cholesterol. It turns out there’s good and bad fat, too. The good fat is medically known as brown fat. It’s good because it burns calories. The more familiar fat, known as white fat, stores up calories and stubbornly accumulates around waistlines and bottoms.
Scientists have known about brown fat for decades. Small mammals and human infants (嬰兒) have deposits of it around their shoulder blades. It generates heat and helps maintain the body’s core temperature. Recently, three studies in the New England Journal of Medicine suggest that brown fat — which becomes gradually less with age — might serve as a whole new way to help people lose weight. “We calculate that if you had three ounces’ worth of brown fat, that would be enough to burn up 400 to 500 calories per day,” says Dr. Aaron Cypess, an author of one of the new studies.
The new studies, which come from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands, studied brown fat activity in 24 healthy young men — 10 of them lean (瘦且健康的) and the others overweight. Study subjects spent two hours in a mildly chilly room — 16.1 °C. Then they underwent PET scans and CT scans to measure the location and metabolic (新陳代謝的) activity of brown fat deposits. Brown fat showed up as “hot spots” in the scans of 23 out of the 24 volunteers. The one with no detectable brown fat was the most obese.
The researchers also found that exposure to chilly temperatures caused an increase in the metabolic rate of brown fat in their healthy adult volunteers. They figure that if a way can be found to activate the typical person’s stores of brown fat, it will burn off at least 9 pounds of regular white fat a year. Sitting at home at 16 °C may be a simple way to achieve that and other candidate targets are already known.
8. Who may have the most brown fat according to the text?
A. An energetic teenager. B. A middle-aged man.
C. A lovely baby. D. An old woman.
9. Which statement will Dr. Aaron Cypess probably agree with?
A. It doesn’t take much brown fat to burn calories.
B. People are supposed to focus on losing weight.
C. White fat mainly accumulates around shoulder blades.
D. Small mammals take advantage of brown fat to beat heat.
10. What do the studies mentioned in paragraph 3 show?
A. Young men prefer brown fat to white fat.
B. People become overweight for lack of brown fat.
C. The location of brown fat deposits is hard to measure.
D. Obese people may have less brown fat than lean people.
11. What will be talked about in the next paragraph?
A. Benefits of staying in freezing rooms. B. Ways of activating stores of brown fat.
C. Targets of keeping a healthy weight. D. Risks of eating too much heavy food.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了不同脂肪的類型以及棕色脂肪可以幫助人們減肥。
【8題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Scientists have known about brown fat for decades. Small mammals and human infants (嬰兒) have deposits of it around their shoulder blades. (科學家們幾十年前就知道了棕色脂肪。小型哺乳動物和人類嬰兒的肩胛骨周圍有這種沉積物)”可知,一個可愛的嬰兒的棕色脂肪最多。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““We calculate that if you had three ounces’ worth of brown fat, that would be enough to burn up 400 to 500 calories per day,” says Dr. Aaron Cypess, an author of one of the new studies. (其中一項新研究的作者Aaron Cypess博士說:“我們計算出,如果你有三盎司的棕色脂肪,那就足以每天燃燒400到500卡路里?!?”可知,Aaron Cypess認為燃燒卡路里不需要很多棕色脂肪。故選A。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The new studies, which come from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands, studied brown fat activity in 24 healthy young men — 10 of them lean (瘦且健康的) and the others overweight. Study subjects spent two hours in a mildly chilly room — 16.1 °C. Then they underwent PET scans and CT scans to measure the location and metabolic (新陳代謝的) activity of brown fat deposits. Brown fat showed up as “hot spots” in the scans of 23 out of the 24 volunteers. The one with no detectable brown fat was the most obese. (荷蘭馬斯特里赫特大學的這項新研究對24名健康年輕男性的棕色脂肪活動進行了研究,其中10名是瘦子,其余的是超重的。研究對象在16.1°C的微冷房間里待了兩個小時。然后,他們接受了PET掃描和CT掃描,以測量棕色脂肪沉積物的位置和代謝活動。在24名志愿者中,有23人的掃描結(jié)果顯示棕色脂肪是“熱點”。沒有檢測到棕色脂肪的人是最肥胖的)”可推知,第3段提到的研究表明肥胖的人可能比瘦人有更少的棕色脂肪。故選D。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“They figure that if a way can be found to activate the typical person’s stores of brown fat, it will burn off at least 9 pounds of regular white fat a year. Sitting at home at 16 °C may be a simple way to achieve that and other candidate targets are already known. (他們認為,如果能找到一種方法來激活普通人儲存的棕色脂肪,那么每年至少會燃燒掉9磅的普通白色脂肪。坐在16°C的家中可能是實現(xiàn)這一目標的簡單方法,其他候選目標已經(jīng)知道)”可推知,下一段將討論激活棕色脂肪儲存的方法。故選B。
D
Next time you’re having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee. A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that these humble insects can actually learn to solve puzzles from one another, suggesting that even some invertebrates(無脊椎動物) have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”
“Nobody’s really thought that invertebrates like bumblebees show evidence of culture,” says Alice Bridges, an ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University. “People assume that they’re mostly driven by inborn factors.” Bridges set out to prove them wrong. To study culture in bumblebees, she first drilled some bees to solve puzzle boxes. She trained some bees to head-butt the red switch to get the sugar water and trained others to push the blue switch. Then, Bridges placed these tutor bees into different colonies, along with the puzzle boxes.
It wasn’t all fun and games: Bridges got stung multiple times and the fourth sting sent her to the hospital. Bridges persevered, however, and the experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had learned to push the red switch, the other bees usually pushed the red switch. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue switch, their fellow bees tended to do the same. In the control colonies where there were no tutors, the bees sometimes learned how to open the boxes, but never as efficiently or reliably.
The conclusion, Bridges and her colleagues report in their new study today, is that bumblebees can transmit certain behaviors—culturally. “Maybe culture isn’t that unusual,” she says. “Maybe it’s not some pinnacle(頂峰) of cognition that only a few species have.”
“Many of us consider ourselves special because we have culture and we can learn,” says Jessica Ware, an entomologist. “The truth is that all we have found about animal culture means that human culture, once thought unique, did not appear ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary(進化的) foundations.”
12. How did the bumblebees get the sugar water from the puzzle boxes?
A. By pressing a button. B. By solving word puzzles.
C. By bursting open the boxes. D. By turning the boxes upside down.
13. What can be inferred about the experiment?
A. It contradicts the former research. B. It shows that culture is unique to humans.
C. It has received wide recognition. D. It has brought Bridges much trouble.
14. What does the underlined phrase “out of the blue” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Slowly. B. Suddenly. C. Endlessly. D. Regularly.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can Insects Have Culture?
B. Can New Culture Be Created?
C. How Do Bumblebees Tutor Peers?
D. How Will Invertebrate Study Be Expanded?
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該研究表明不起眼的昆蟲實際上可以相互學習解決難題,也就是說一些無脊椎動物也有我們?nèi)祟愃^的“文化”能力。
【12題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“To study culture in bumblebees, she first drilled some bees to solve puzzle boxes. She trained some bees to head-butt the red switch to get the sugar water and trained others to push the blue switch.(為了研究大黃蜂的文化,她首先訓練一些蜜蜂來解決謎題盒子。她訓練一些蜜蜂用頭撞紅色開關(guān)來獲得糖水,訓練其他蜜蜂按藍色開關(guān)。)”可知,蜜蜂可以通過撞開關(guān)來獲得糖水。故選A。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“It wasn’t all fun and games: Bridges got stung multiple times and the fourth sting sent her to the hospital.(這并不都是樂趣和游戲:Bridges被叮了好幾次,第四次被叮把她送進了醫(yī)院。)”可知,實驗給Bridges帶來了一些麻煩。故選D。
【14題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下一句“but has obviously built on deep evolutionary(進化的) foundations.(而是顯然建立在深刻的進化基礎(chǔ)之上的)”中的“but”可知此處是not...but...結(jié)構(gòu),意為“不是……而是……”,下文說的是文化是進化而來的,即不是突然出現(xiàn)的,由此可判斷,劃線單詞指的是“突然出現(xiàn)”。選項A“Slowly (緩慢地)”;選項B“Suddenly (突然)”;選項C“Endlessly (不斷地)”;選項D“Regularly (有規(guī)律地)”。故選B。
15題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that these humble insects can actually learn to solve puzzles from one another, suggesting that even some invertebrates(無脊椎動物) have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”(發(fā)表在《公共科學圖書館·生物學》雜志上的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這些不起眼的昆蟲實際上可以相互學習解決難題,這表明即使是一些無脊椎動物也有我們?nèi)祟愃^的“文化”能力。)”以及最后一段“The truth is that all we have found about animal culture means that human culture, once thought unique, did not appear ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary(進化的) foundations.(事實是,我們對動物文化的所有發(fā)現(xiàn)都意味著,曾經(jīng)被認為獨一無二的人類文化并不是“突然出現(xiàn)”的,而是顯然建立在深刻的進化基礎(chǔ)之上的。)”可知,文章主要介紹的是昆蟲也是有文化的。所以“Can Insects Have Culture?( 昆蟲能有文化嗎?)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選A。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。
What a dumb thing to say! Of course they don't like you. This kind of negative self-talk can get in the way of creating strong relationships with yourselves and others. Luckily, here are a few ways to quiet those voices.
Talk to yourself the way you would talk to a friend
When you disparage (貶低) your looks or criticize your decisions, you’re not giving yourselves the care that you would give others.___16___. Use the same gentle language that you do with your loved ones with yourselves.
Monitor and collect evidence
___17___. Monitor what kind of negative self-talk you’re having and notice how those negative thought patterns work. Once you notice that you’re telling yourself not-so-nice stories, collect evidence on whether those things are actually true.
Spend less time on social media
People tend to turn to social media for mental health advice.___18___, but sometimes it makes you criticize yourself. Thus, you are advised to take down how much time you spend on social media and what kind of information you’re consuming.
___19___
More often than not, you feel like people are paying more attention to us than they actually are. If you feel stuck, try observing the world around you. Anything that really connects you to something bigger can be a really helpful way to shift your view so that you’re not so focused on yourself.
Adopt a “growth mindset”
Consider every loss as part of your learning process. Let’s say you lose a round of pool. Those with a fixed mindset may say: I’ll never get good at this! Growth-minded people believe that effort can lead to mastery: Hey! I’m getting a lot better at putting some power behind the ball!___20___.
A. Think of yourself less
B. It can feel uplifting at first
C. It may help clear up any assumptions
D. Surround yourself with positive influences
E. It’s all about finding the right perspective
F. You have to be aware of how that mean voice operates
G Try replacing that negative inner voice with a kinder one
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. B 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。消極的自我對話會阻礙你與自己和他人建立牢固的關(guān)系。文章介紹了一些可以消除消極的自我對話的方法。
【16題詳解】
上文“When you disparage (貶低) your looks or criticize your decisions, you’re not giving yourselves the care that you would give others.( 當你貶低自己的外表或者批評自己的決定時,你并沒有給予自己像別人那樣的關(guān)心。)”指出你貶低自己,這說明你對自己很消極,下文“Use the same gentle language that you do with your loved ones with yourselves. (用你對你所愛的人所用的同樣溫和的語言來對待你自己。)”指出要用溫柔的語言來對待自己,由此可知,空處承上啟下,指出我們不應該用消極的看法對待自己,G項“試著用一個善良的聲音代替那個消極的內(nèi)心聲音”符合,其中“negative inner voice”呼應上文的“disparage (貶低) your looks or criticize your decisions”,“a kinder one”呼應下文“the same gentle language”,故選G。
【17題詳解】
本段小標題“Monitor and collect evidence (監(jiān)控和收集證據(jù))”可知,本段指出對自己的消極的看法要進行監(jiān)控和收集證據(jù),下文“Monitor what kind of negative self-talk you’re having and notice how those negative thought patterns work. (監(jiān)控你正在進行的消極的自我對話,注意這些消極的思維模式是如何工作的。)”具體描述了要如何監(jiān)控消極的自我,空處引起下文,指出我們要知道消極的自我是如何運作的,F(xiàn)項“你必須意識到那種刻薄的的聲音是如何運作的?!狈?,故選F。
【18題詳解】
上文“People tend to turn to social media for mental health advice. (人們傾向于在社交媒體上尋求心理健康方面的建議。)”指出人們傾向于在社交媒體上尋求心理健康方面的建議。下文“but sometimes it makes you criticize yourself. (但有時會讓你批評自己。)”強調(diào)了人們在社交媒體尋求心里方面建議的不好之處,由but可知,空處和下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,同時承接上文,應該指出人們在社交媒體上尋求心里方面建議的好處,B項“一開始會覺得很振奮人心”符合,故選B。
【19題詳解】
此處是本段小標題,由下文“More often than not, you feel like people are paying more attention to us than they actually are. If you feel stuck, try observing the world around you. Anything that really connects you to something bigger can be a really helpful way to shift your view so that you’re not so focused on yourself. (通常情況下,你會覺得人們對我們的關(guān)注比實際上更多。如果你感到困惑,試著觀察你周圍的世界。任何把你和更重要的事情聯(lián)系起來的事情都可以幫助你改變你的觀點,這樣你就不會那么專注于你自己。)”可知,本段告訴我們要少關(guān)注于你自己,A項“少想想你自己”能概括本段內(nèi)容,故選A。
【20題詳解】
上文“Let’s say you lose a round of pool. Those with a fixed mindset may say: I’ll never get good at this! Growth-minded people believe that effort can lead to mastery: Hey! I’m getting a lot better at putting some power behind the ball! (假設(shè)你輸了一局。那些有著固定心態(tài)的人可能會說:我永遠也做不好這個!有成長意識的人相信努力可以導致精通:嘿!我越來越擅長在球后施加力量了!)”指出當輸了一局時,不同的人會有不同的心態(tài),空處承接上文,指出我們要找到正確的心態(tài),E項“重要的是找到正確的觀點”,故選E。
第三部分 語言知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)
第一節(jié)(共20題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
Winter goes and summer comes. The tides___21___; the tides withdraw. All nature is a circle of moods and I am a___22___of nature. It is one of nature’s___23___, little understood, that each day I___24___with moods that have changed from yesterday. Inside me is a wheel,___25___turning. Like the flowers, today’s full blossom will___26___, yet I will remember today’s dead flower carries the seed of tomorrow’s blossom.
And how will I master these emotions so that each day will be___27___? Trees and plants depend on the weather to___28___, but I make my own weather. I___29___it with me. If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will____30____with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me. I will learn this secret: weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions; strong is he who____31____his actions to control his thoughts. Each day I will follow this plan of battle before I am____32____by the forces of sadness,____33____and failure. I will know only those with inferior(較次的) ability can always be____34____, and I am not inferior. If I feel depressed I will sing. If I feel____35____I will remember my goals.Yet, some emotions approach me with a smile, which can also destroy me. If I become overly proud, I will remember my weaknesses. If I feel my skill is____36____, I will look at the stars.
With this new knowledge I will make____37____of a person’s anger of today, for he doesn’t know the secret of controlling his mind. No longer will I judge a man on one____38____. This secret will be my key to great wealth. From this moment I am____39____to control whatever personality awakes in me each day. I will control my fate, which is to become the greatest____40____in the world!
21 A. advance B. disappear C. exist D. fall
22. A. native B. colleague C. supporter D. part
23. A. jokes B. secrets C. experiences D. awards
24. A. break in B. wake up C. take off D. give out
25. A. constantly B. temporarily C. casually D. elegantly
26. A. appear B. blow C. fade D. spread
27. A. anxious B. natural C. additional D. productive
28. A. sow B. grow C. separate D. shelter
29. A. fold B. follow C. carry D. load
30. A. react B. review C. recite D. repeat
31. A. obtains B. regards C. allows D. observes
32. A. chosen B. seized C. received D. witnessed
33. A. self-awareness B. self-control C. self-esteem D. self-pity
34. A. behind the scene B. on the bottom line C. at the end of the rope D. out of sight
35. A. insignificant B. improper C. impolite D. unconscious
36. A. concrete B. inadequate C. abstract D. unmatched
37. A. use B. fun C. sure D. sense
38. A. view B. meeting C. experiment D. idiom
39. A. limited B. reserved C. prepared D. afraid
40. A. salesman B. player C. architect D. designer
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章作者認為冬去春來,潮起潮落。自然界萬物都在循環(huán)往復的變化中,而我們能做的只有學會控制自己的情緒才能讓自己的一生有所成效。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:潮起潮落。A. advance提高、前進;B. disappear消失;C. exist存在;D. fall倒下。根據(jù)上文“Winter goes and summer comes.”中的“goes”和“comes”可知,空處和下文動詞“withdraw”相反,指的是浪潮前行。故選A。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:自然界萬物都在循環(huán)往復的變化中,我也是其中一部分。A. native本地人;B. colleague同事;C. supporter支持者;D. part 部分。根據(jù)常理推測,每個人都是天地萬物的一部分。故選D。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這是大自然的一個秘密,很少有人窺破天機:每天我醒來時,不再有舊日的心情。A. jokes笑話;B. secrets秘密;C. experiences經(jīng)歷;D. awards 獎勵。根據(jù)上文“Winter goes and summer comes. The tides___1___; the tides withdraw. All nature is a circle of moods and I am a___2___of nature.”可知,這是自然發(fā)展的秘密,沒有人知道原因。故選B。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意:這是大自然的一個秘密,很少有人窺破天機:每天我醒來時,不再有舊日的心情。A. break in破門而入;B. wake up醒來;C. take off脫下、起飛;D. give out 分發(fā)。根據(jù)最后一段“From this moment I am___19___to control whatever personality awakes in me each day.”可知,作者指的是每天早上醒來時,心情都會不一樣。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我心中像有個輪子,不停地轉(zhuǎn)動。A. constantly不斷地、不停地;B. temporarily暫時地;C. casually隨意地;D. elegantly 優(yōu)雅地。根據(jù)上文“Inside me is a wheel”可知,作者指的是內(nèi)心有個輪子,在不停地轉(zhuǎn)動。故選A。
【26題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:這就像花兒的變化一樣,今天的盛放明天也會凋謝,但我要記住今天枯敗的花兒蘊藏著明天新生的種子。A. appear出現(xiàn);B. blow吹;C. fade褪色、凋謝;D. spread 蔓延。根據(jù)下文“I will remember today’s dead flower carries the seed of tomorrow’s blossom.”可知,作者認為今日枯萎的花朵蘊藏著明天新生種子,所以空處指的是盛放終會凋謝。故選C。
【27題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我怎樣才能控制這些情緒,讓每一天都富有成效呢?A. anxious焦慮的;B. natural自然的;C. additional額外的;D. productive 多產(chǎn)的、有成效的。根據(jù)下文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will___10___with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me.”以及本段內(nèi)容可知,作者是希望控制自己的情緒從而讓自己的生活富有成效。故選D。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:花草樹木,依靠天氣而生長,但是我為自己創(chuàng)造天氣。A. sow播種;B. grow成長;C. separate分離;D. shelter庇護。根據(jù)空前“Trees and plants depend on the weather”可知,根據(jù)常理推測,花草樹木是依靠天氣而生長。故選B。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我要自己承載自己的天氣。A. fold折疊;B. follow追隨;C. carry承載、攜帶;D. load 裝載。根據(jù)上文“I make my own weather”可知,作者覺得花草樹木依靠天氣而生長,所以作者要創(chuàng)造自己的天氣,作者所謂的天氣就是指的是讓自己一天有成效的心情。由此判斷,作者是要掌控自己的情緒,也就是要承載自己的天氣。故選C。
【30題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:如果我給我的顧客帶來熱情,他們會以熱情回應,我的天氣將為我?guī)礓N售的收獲和大量的金錢回報。A. react反應;B. review復習、評論;C. recite背誦;D. repeat 重復。根據(jù)上文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers”可知,作者的意思是如果作者給顧客帶去熱情,那么也會得到熱情的回應。故選A。
【31題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我要學會這個秘訣:弱者任思緒控制行為,強者讓行為控制思緒。A. obtains包含;B. regards認為;C. allows允許;D. observes 觀察。根據(jù)上文“weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions”可知,空處單詞和“permit”意思相近,選項C“allow”,意為“允許、讓”。故選C。
【32題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:每天,在被悲傷、自憐和失敗的情緒抓住之前,我就這樣與之對抗。A. chosen選擇;B. seized抓?。籆. received接收;D. witnessed 見證。根據(jù)上文“Each day I will follow this plan of battle”可知,作者每天都在與消極情緒作斗爭,所以空處指的是作者被消極情緒所掌控。故選B。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:每天,在被悲傷、自憐和失敗的情緒包圍之前,我就這樣與之對抗。A. self-awareness自我意識;B. self-control自我控制;C. self-esteem自尊;D. self-pity 自憐。根據(jù)空前“sadness”以及空后“failure”可知,空處是表示消極情緒的名詞。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意:我要知道,只有低能者才會江郎才盡,我并非低能者。A. behind the scene幕后;B. on the bottom line底線;C. at the end of the rope束手無策、江郎才盡;D. out of sight看不見。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,作者不希望自己被消極情緒擊敗,并渴望自己的成功,由此判斷,作者認為只有低能者才會束手無策。故選C。
35題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:當我感到自己無關(guān)緊要時,我會想起我的目標。A. insignificant無關(guān)緊要的;B. improper不恰當?shù)?;C. impolite不禮貌的;D. unconscious 無意識的。根據(jù)上文“If I feel depressed I will sing.”可知,面對挫折,作者會努力保持積極樂觀的態(tài)度。由此判斷,作者在覺得自己渺小的時候會記住自己的目標。故選A。
【36題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:如果我覺得我自己的技能無與倫比的,我就仰望星空。A. concrete具體的;B. inadequate不充分的;C. abstract抽象的;D. unmatched 無與倫比的。根據(jù)下文“I will look at the stars.”可知,作者會仰望星空。根據(jù)上文“If I become overly proud, I will remember my weaknesses.”可知,作者在驕傲的時候會記住自己有弱點。由此判斷,作者仰望天空是怕自己太過自滿,所以空處指的是當作者覺得自己的技能無與倫比時,他會仰望星空提醒自己的渺小。故選D。
【37題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:有了這些新知識,我就能理解一個人今天的憤怒,因為他不知道控制自己情緒的秘訣。A. use使用;B. fun樂趣;C. sure確信的;D. sense 感覺。考查短語:make sense of,意為“理解、明白”。根據(jù)上文可知,作者明白了一個人憤怒的原因是因為不知道如何控制自己的情緒。故選D。
【38題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我再也不會憑一次會面來判斷一個人了。A. view觀點;B. meeting會面、見面;C. experiment實驗;D. idiom 俗語。根據(jù)上文可知,作者會理解一個人的憤怒。由此判斷,作者指的是不會僅憑一次會面就判斷一個人的好壞。故選B。
【39題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:從這一刻起,我準備好控制自己每天醒來的個性。A. limited有限的;B. reserved預定的;C. prepared準備充分的;D. afraid 害怕的。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,作者明白了一個人情緒變化的原因,由此判斷,作者已經(jīng)準備好每天醒來時面對自己變化的個性。故選C。
【40題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我要掌握自己的命運,那就是成為世界上最偉大的推銷員!A. salesman銷售員;B. player玩家;C. architect建筑師;D. designer設(shè)計者。根據(jù)上文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will___10___with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me.”可知,作者是一名銷售員,所以作者希望成為世界上最偉大的銷售員。故選A。
第II卷 非選擇題 (共50分)
第二節(jié) (共10小題; 每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
MOSS, a large-scale conversational language model, was made available?for public testing on Feb 20th. _____41_____ (name)?after the?AI-based computer ____42____ controlled the space station in the Chinese sci-fi film?The Wandering Earth II, it became the first ChatGPT-like software in China.
Many people were quick to test the software online. The traffic was ____43____ heavy that the platform had to be?delayed?for an upgrade due to the overload.
“The plan is _____44_____ (have) MOSS interact with humans for a month so as to?improve?it. If everything goes well, it _____45_____ (use) as an open source by the end of March,” Qiu said.
“Making MOSS an open-source software can _____46_____ (effective) reduce the?threshold (門檻) for the development and application of pre-trained language models, thus allowing small and medium-sized enterprises to develop ____47____ (diversity)?products,” Qiu said. “We want to share MOSS and ____48____ (it) model codes and development experiences with everyone. It still has a lot of room _____49_____ improvement. We look forward to the continued cooperation with the Fudan team, through MOSS and subsequent research and exploration, to promote AI’s ______50______ (creative) and inclusiveness as soon as possible,” he added.
【答案】41. Named
42. which##that
43. so 44. to have
45. will be used
46 effectively
47. diverse
48. its 49. for
50. creativity
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種名為MOSS的大規(guī)模的會話語言模型及它的功能和發(fā)展前景。
【41題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:它以中國科幻電影《流浪地球II》中控制空間站的基于人工智能的計算機命名,成為中國第一個類似ChatGPT的軟件。分析句子可知,句中有謂語動詞“became”,故空格處應用非謂語動詞,“name”意為“命名”,動詞詞性,句子主語“it”和“name”為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故應用“name”的過去分詞“named”作狀語,句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Named。
【42題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意:它以中國科幻電影《流浪地球II》中控制空間站的基于人工智能的計算機命名,成為中國第一個類似ChatGPT的軟件。分析句子可知,句子為限制性定語從句,先行詞為“computer”,指物,在從句中作主語,故應用關(guān)系代詞“which”或“that”引導從句。故填which/that。
【43題詳解】
考查結(jié)果狀語從句。句意:流量太大了,以至于由于過載,平臺不得不推遲升級。分析句子可知,句子為結(jié)果狀語從句,“heavy”為形容詞,根據(jù)句意可知,應用“so…that…”引導從句,意為“如此……以至于……”,故空格處應用“so”。故填so。
【44題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:邱說:“計劃讓MOSS與人類互動一個月,以改進它。如果一切順利,它將在三月底前被用作開源。”分析句子可知,句中有系動詞“is”,故空格處應用非謂語動詞,句中應用不定式作表語,對抽象名詞“plan”進行解釋說明,表示將來的動作,故空格處應填“to have”。故填to have。
【45題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:邱說:“計劃讓MOSS與人類互動一個月,以改進它。如果一切順利,它將在三月底前被用作開源?!备鶕?jù)句意和句中“by the end of March”可知,句中動作發(fā)生在將來,“it”和“use”為被動關(guān)系,故句子應用一般將來時的被動語態(tài),“use”的過去分詞為“used”,故空格處應填“will be used”。故填will be used。
【46題詳解】
考查副詞。句意:邱說:“讓MOSS成為一種開源軟件,可以有效降低預先訓練的語言模型的開發(fā)和應用門檻,從而讓中小型企業(yè)能夠開發(fā)多樣化的產(chǎn)品?!狈治鼍渥涌芍?,“reduce”為動詞,空格處應用副詞,作狀語,“effective”為形容詞,對應的副詞為“effectively”,意為“有效地”。故填effectively。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:邱說:“讓MOSS成為一種開源軟件,可以有效降低預先訓練的語言模型的開發(fā)和應用門檻,從而讓中小型企業(yè)能夠開發(fā)多樣化的產(chǎn)品?!狈治鼍渥涌芍?,“products”為名詞,空格處應用形容詞,作定語,“diversity”為名詞,對應的形容詞為“diverse”,意為“多種多樣的”。故填diverse。
【48題詳解】
考查代詞。句意:我們想與大家分享MOSS及其模型代碼和開發(fā)經(jīng)驗。分析句子可知,“model codes”為名詞,空格處應用形容詞性物主代詞,“it”對應的形容詞性物主代詞為“its”,意為“它的”。故填its。
【49題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:它還有很大的改進空間。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短語“room for improvement”,意為“改進空間”,故空格處應用介詞“for”,意為“對于”。故填for。
【50題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:“我們期待著與復旦團隊繼續(xù)合作,通過MOSS和隨后的研究與探索,盡快促進人工智能的創(chuàng)造力和包容性,”他補充道。分析句子可知,“AI’s”為名詞所有格,后接名詞,作賓語,“creative”為形容詞,對應的名詞為“creativity”,意為“創(chuàng)造力”,為不可數(shù)名詞。故填creativity。
第四部分 寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)
第一節(jié) 短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
51. 英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(^),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。
I spent my holidays take care of plants, as a part of the school project. I chose to grow some tomato and planted the seeds in an unique pot. I examined the pot each day see signs of the plants coming up with. Much to my delight, I noticed green shoots on a warm morning and observed it for an hour. The pleasure of growing plants was simple indescribable. The fact that I was paving the existence for new beings by planting seeds were amazing. Undoubtedly, it was not only the best school project I have ever done and an unforgettable experience.
【答案】1.take→taking
2.tomato→tomatoes
3.an→a
4.day后添加to
5.刪除with
6.it→them
7.simple→simply
8.were→was
9.have→had
10.and→but
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者假期照顧植物的事情。
【詳解】1.考查非謂語動詞。句意:我在假期里照顧植物,這是學校項目的一部分。短語spend time doing sth.,表示“花時間做某事”,動名詞作賓語。故take改為taking。
2.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:我選擇種一些西紅柿,把種子種在一個獨特的花盆里。some修飾可數(shù)名詞tomato應用復數(shù)形式。故tomato改為tomatoes。
3.考查冠詞。句意:我選擇種一些西紅柿,把種子種在一個獨特的花盆里。unique是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞,應用a。故an改為a。
4.考查非謂語動詞。句意:我每天都檢查花盆,看看有沒有植物長出來的跡象。此處see在句中作目的狀語,應用不定式。故day后添加to。
5.考查固定短語。句意:我每天都檢查花盆,看看有沒有植物長出來的跡象。表示植物長出來,應用come up。故刪除with。
6.考查代詞。句意:令我高興的是,在一個溫暖的早晨,我注意到綠芽,并觀察了一個小時。此處指上文shoots應用代詞them。故it改為them。
7.考查副詞。句意:種植植物的樂趣簡直難以形容。修飾形容詞indescribable應用副詞simply作狀語。故simple改為simply。
8.考查主謂一致。句意:我通過播下種子為新生命的存在鋪平道路,這一事實令人驚嘆。此處主語為fact,謂語用單數(shù)。故were改為was。
9.考查時態(tài)。句意:毫無疑問,這不僅是我做過的最好的學校項目,也是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。the best school project I have ever done是省略關(guān)系詞的定語從句,從句謂語動詞do動作表示“過去的過去”應用過去完成時。故have改為had。
10.考查固定句型。句意:毫無疑問,這不僅是我做過的最好的學校項目,也是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。表示“不僅……而且……”句型為not only…but (also)…。故and改為but。
第二節(jié) 書面表達 (滿分25分)
52. 學校英文報正在開展以How to Stop Procrastination為主題的征文比賽。請你寫一篇短文投稿,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 拖延癥的危害;
2. 分析拖延的原因;
3. 提出合理建議。
注意:
1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 短文的題目和首句已為你寫好。 procrastinate 拖延
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Procrastination is a trap that many of us fall into. It has become one of the main barriers blocking us from working on meaningful tasks and living the fulfilled life we’ve thought of.
The reasons why we procrastinate is that we are confused about what is a priority when faced with an ocean of decisions. If we can't decide what to do, we'll likely put off taking action. Besides, we may have doubts about our ability and are worried about failing, so we postpone it. As with most habits, it is possible to overcome procrastination. For one thing, it’s highly suggested that we keep a to-do list. Write down the tasks that we need to complete, and specify a time for doing them. For another, we might as well promise ourselves a reward. If we complete a difficult task on time, reward ourselves with treats.
Hopefully, all of us can get rid of procrastination and live everyday to the fullest.
【解析】
【導語】本篇書面表達屬于應用文。校英文報正在開展以How to Stop Procrastination為主題的征文比賽。請你寫一篇短文投稿。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
障礙:barrier→obstacle
完成:complete→finish
此外:besides→in addition
擺脫:get rid of→cast off
2.句式拓展
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
原句:Besides, we may have doubts about our ability and are worried about failing, so we postpone it.
拓展句:Besides, we postpone it because we may have doubts about our ability and are worried about failing.
【點睛】[高分句型1] Procrastination is a trap that many of us fall into. (運用了that引導定語從句)
[高分句型2] If we can't decide what to do, we'll likely put off taking action. (運用了if引導條件狀語從句)
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