?北京市西城區(qū) 2022—2023 學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末試卷
高三英語
本試卷共 12 頁，共 100 分。考試時長 90 分鐘。
考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。
考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分：知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30 分)
第一節(jié)(共 10 小題;每小題 1.5 分，共 15 分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. So when she was asked to feed carrots to the reddish-brown horse named Charlie on a summer Saturday, she approached ____1____ , unsure of herself at times, turning around to a group of children waiting for their turn to feed him.
Olivia eventually made it to the horse’s mouth and Charlie licked (舔) her hands as she____2____ him his favorite treat. Olivia was amused.
“That’s what I call a(an) ____3____,” said Sabrina, a social worker who has teamed up with the community organization Alkebu-lan Village to help children overcome their problems and keep them on paths to____4____.
“I’m excited,” Olivia said smiling. “I love petting him.”
The program “Stop Horsing Around” at Alkebu-lan Village was launched this summer with over a dozen kids signing up. They were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses____5____ eventually they got a chance to ride them.
By____6____ the program’s horses with Sabrina’s help and forming____7____ with them, children become more self-aware and then begin to recognize and face negative feelings and behaviors, which can help them communicate with others and lead to significant positive changes to their____8____ skills, self-worth and behavior issues.
Sabrina first taught the children that Charlie needed to become____9____ with them by smelling their hands. Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.
Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. Their____10____ consistently turned into smiles, laughter and excitement.
1. A. happily B. calmly C. slowly D. directly
2. A. fed B. left C. made D. threw
3. A. award B. exchange C. negotiation D. breakthrough
4. A. fame B. success C. responsibility D. freedom
5. A. before B. after C. as D. though
6. A. taking over B. walking with C. caring for D. responding to
7. A. routines B. bonds C. judgements D. ideas
8. A. technical B. survival C. organizational D. social
9. A. popular B. familiar C. satisfied D. patient
10. A. resistance B. disappointment C. misunderstanding D. hesitation
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一個項目，旨在讓那些害羞的孩子通過與馬建立聯(lián)系，逐漸變得自信開朗。
【1題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，當(dāng)她在一個夏天周六被要求喂紅褐色的馬查理胡蘿卜時，她慢慢地走近，有時不自信，轉(zhuǎn)向一群等著喂它的孩子。A. happily高興地；B. calmly平靜地；C. slowly緩慢地；D. directly直接地。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. (9歲的奧利維亞一開始很害羞。她以前從未騎過馬。)”可知她很害羞，所以當(dāng)她被要求喂馬時，她應(yīng)該是緩慢地靠近。故選C項。
2題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：奧利維亞最終把胡蘿卜放到了馬口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜歡的食物。A. fed喂；B. left離開；C. made做；D. threw扔。通過上文可知她不敢喂馬到最終把食物喂到了馬的嘴里。當(dāng)她把食物喂到馬的嘴里時，查理舔了舔她的手。故選A項。
【3題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這就是我所說的突破，”薩布麗娜說，她是一名社會工作者，與社區(qū)組織阿爾克布蘭村合作，幫助孩子們克服他們的問題，讓他們走上成功的道路。A. award獎項；B. exchange交流；C. negotiation談判；D. breakthrough突破。根據(jù)上文Oliver由開始的害羞不敢喂馬，到最后把食物喂到馬的嘴里，這是一種突破。故選D項。
【4題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“就是我所說的突破，”薩布麗娜說，她是一名社會工作者，與社區(qū)組織阿爾克布蘭村合作，幫助孩子們克服他們的問題，讓他們走上成功的道路。A. fame名聲；B. success成功；C. responsibility責(zé)任；D. freedom自由。這個項目是幫助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故選B項。
【5題詳解】
考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：他們學(xué)會了如何接近、喂馬、刷馬和上馬，最后才有機(jī)會騎上它們。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. as當(dāng)……時候/因為；D. though雖然。根據(jù)句意可知，在他們騎馬之前需要學(xué)會接近馬，喂馬和刷馬等。故選A項。
【6題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認(rèn)識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A. take over接管；B. walk with與……同行；C. care for照顧/關(guān)心；D. respond to回應(yīng)。通過前文“they were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses(他們學(xué)會了如何接近、喂馬、刷馬和上馬)”可知，孩子們通過照顧馬和馬建立聯(lián)系。故選C項。
【7題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認(rèn)識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A. routines常規(guī)；B. bonds聯(lián)系；C. judgements判斷；D. ideas主意。根據(jù)句意，孩子們通過照顧馬與馬建立聯(lián)系。故選B項。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認(rèn)識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A. technical技術(shù)的；B. survival幸存的；C. organizational組織的；D. social社會的；社交的。根據(jù)本句“which can help them communicate with others(這能幫助孩子與他人溝通)，表明孩子們的社交技能將會發(fā)生積極變化。故選D項。
【9題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子們，查理需要通過聞他們的手來熟悉他們。A. popular流行的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. satisfied感到滿意的；D. patient有耐心的。根據(jù)下一句“Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子們就學(xué)會了如何撫摸他的臉和頭，然后學(xué)會了如何使用牽繩，收拾查理的爛攤子，給他喂胡蘿卜。)”可知，查理一開始是先從聞手上的氣味開始熟悉孩子們。一旦熟悉了，孩子們就可以撫摸他們的臉和頭。故選B項。
【10題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的猶豫相符地變成了微笑、笑聲和興奮。A. resistance抗拒；B. disappointment失望；C. misunderstanding誤解；D. hesitation猶豫。由最后一段“Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. (奧利維亞并不是唯一一個一開始就緊張害羞的孩子。但最終奧利維亞也不是唯一一個離開時更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子們由一開始的猶豫最后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱俗孕藕臀⑿?。故選D項。
第二節(jié)(共 10 小題;每小題 1.5 分，共 15 分)
A
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1 個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you”. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something. Expressing gratitude makes us feel a positive emotion. Over the past thirty years, there____11____ (be) many studies showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person offers us an opportunity____12____ (escape) from negative emotions. Even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and____13____ (satisfied) with life. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel.
【答案】11. have been
12. to escape
13. more satisfied
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：感恩不僅僅是給人道一聲“謝謝”，感恩是對某人或某事的更深層次的欣賞，同時也對我們的健康有好處，尤其是以寫感謝信來表達(dá)感恩的這個方式，能使我們逃離負(fù)面情緒的影響。
【11題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：在過去的三十年里，有許多研究表明，給別人寫一封感謝信給我們提供了一個逃離負(fù)面情緒的機(jī)會。根據(jù)時間狀語Over the past thirty years，句子謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，此處為there be結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為many studies，為復(fù)數(shù)，故助動詞用have。故填have been。
【12題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：在過去的三十年里，有許多研究表明，給別人寫一封感謝信給我們提供了一個逃離負(fù)面情緒的機(jī)會。此處考查名詞opportunity，后接動詞不定式作后置定語，故填to escape。
【13題詳解】
考查形容詞比較等級。句意：即使我們不與任何人分享我們寫的內(nèi)容，完成練習(xí)的行為本身就會讓我們更快樂、對生活更滿意。設(shè)空處與形容詞happier并列，也用比較等級，作us的賓補(bǔ)，故填more satisfied。
B
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1 個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
When I was in Singapore six years ago, I gave a taxi driver a card____14____ a specific address on it and asked him to take me there as quickly as possible. When we had almost reached the destination, he circled around the block. His meter read $11, but he took only $10. He explained that he wasn’t so familiar with this area. Before getting out of the taxi, I ____15____ (tell) that the ride with the taxi driver is always an important experience____16____ creates the first impression about this country for a person.
【答案】14. with
15. was told
16. that##which
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了六年前作者去新加坡時，打了一輛出租車去目的地。到達(dá)目的地后，車上的計費(fèi)表顯示11美元，但是司機(jī)只收了10美元，司機(jī)告訴作者，乘坐出租車是重要的經(jīng)歷，因為它會給人們留下對這個國家的第一印象。
【14題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：六年前我在新加坡的時候，我給了一個出租車司機(jī)一張寫有具體地址的卡片，讓他盡快帶我去那里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and前后連接兩個句子，此處表示“有”，應(yīng)用介詞with，構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+名詞+介詞短語，故填with。
【15題詳解】
考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在下出租車之前，我被告知，乘坐出租車一直是一個重要的經(jīng)歷，因為它會給一個人留下對這個國家的第一印象。此處在主句中作謂語，主句描述過去發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般過去時，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“司機(jī)告訴我，即我被告知”，主語I和tell是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語是I，故填was told。
【16題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：在下出租車之前，我被告知，乘坐出租車一直是一個重要的經(jīng)歷，它會給一個人留下對這個國家的第一印象?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為experience，指物，且從句缺少主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that/which來引導(dǎo)，故填that/which。
C
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1 個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
When were you born? For most people this is an easy question. Even those who don’t know their exact birthday can usually figure out when they were born to within a few years. Yet the Internet is full of quizzes____17____ (make) to help you determine in which decade you were born. These are usually based on what____18____ (happen) in American pop culture at the time you first became aware of it. It sounds foolish. But many people, though____19____ (complain) about the stupid quizzes, still take them, wondering ____20____ their answers generate their correct birth year.
【答案】17. made
18. was happening
19. complaining
20. if##whether
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上充滿了幫助你確定你出生在哪個年代的測驗，這些測試是基于你第一次意識到美國流行文化時所發(fā)生的事情，盡管許多人感覺這些測試很愚蠢，但是他們還是會做測試，因為他們想知道測試的答案是否符合他們正確的出生年份。
【17題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上充滿了幫助你確定你出生在哪個年代的測驗。句中有謂語動詞is，且前后無連詞，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作定語，修飾名詞quizzes，動詞make和quizzes是被動關(guān)系，因為make quizzes意為“做測試”，此處“測試是被做”，所以此處應(yīng)用過去分詞made作后置定語，故填made。
【18題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：這些通常是基于你第一次意識到美國流行文化時所發(fā)生的事情。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，空處在從句中作謂語，由at the time you first became aware of it可知，句子描述過去當(dāng)下時間點發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時，故填was happening。
【19題詳解】
考查狀語從句的省略。句意：但是許多人，雖然一邊抱怨愚蠢的測驗，但一邊卻仍然做測試，因為他們想知道測試的答案是否產(chǎn)生正確的出生年份。此處是though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略，從句主語和主句主語是同一主語，所以從句省略主語和系動詞，從句主語many people和動詞complain是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式和系動詞are構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，即完整句子為though many people are complaining about the stupid quizzes，省略句為：though complaining about the stupid quizzes，故填complaining。
【20題詳解】
考查賓語從句。句意：但是許多人，雖然一邊抱怨愚蠢的測驗，但一邊卻仍然做測試，因為他們想知道測試的答案是否產(chǎn)生正確的出生年份。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺成分，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“是否”，應(yīng)用不做成分，只起連接作用的if/whether來引導(dǎo)，故填if/whether。
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38 分)
第一節(jié)(共 14 小題;每小題 2 分，共 28 分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A

The Southwest Museum
The collections of the Southwest Museum represent Native American cultures from Alaska to South America. The museum contains some of the finest examples of Indian art and artifacts in the Unites States.
EXHIBITIONS
In its permanent exhibitions, the Southwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity of America’s earliest residents. The museum’s four main exhibit halls focus on the native people of the Southwest, California, the Great Plains, and the Northwest Coast. Visitors may survey prehistoric Southwest painted earthenware, and enjoy temporary exhibitions and exhibitions that are moved between museums.
PROGRAMS
Throughout the year the museum offers a wide range of programs including: performances, classes, lectures, festivals, films and demonstrations by noted artists and other educational programs for members and the general public. Guided gallery tours are offered by reservation, for student and adult groups.
MEMBERSHIP
Museum membership provides individuals and families with many chances to participate in the active and exciting Southwest Museum community. The membership benefits include: free admission to the Museum; invitations to exhibition openings and special events; reduced rates on programs and classes; discounts in the Museum Store; calendars of events;members’ newsletter and subscription to the museum’s magazine, Masterkey.

MUSEUM STORE
The museum store offers beautifully made Southwest silver jewelry, Pueblo earthenware, and kachina dolls. It also offers folk art from Mexico and Peru. The store carries a large selection of publications on Native American history, and on several famous Native American and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discount on all in-store purchases and a 20% discount on all museum publications.
Museum Hours:
Tuesday——Sunday
11:00 a.m.to 5:00p.m.
Telephone: 213-221-2164
Museum Location:
234 Museum Drive
Los Angeles, CA 90065
21. The collections of the Southwest Museum focus on _______.
A. lifestyles of American residents
B. native cultures of the Americas
C. diversity of American festivals
D. development of American arts
22. What can a visitor do at the Southwest Museum?
A. Interview noted artists.
B. Try painting earthenware.
C. Appreciate traveling exhibitions.
D. Survey modern American folk art.
23. Which benefit can a museum member enjoy?
A. Free classes and programs.
B. A 10% discount on kachina dolls.
C. The priority to reserve guided tours.
D. The right to invite friends to exhibition openings.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了西南博物館的展品，項目以及會員福利。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“The collections of the Southwest Museum represent Native American cultures from Alaska to South America.(西南博物館的藏品代表了從阿拉斯加到南美洲的美洲土著文化)”以及第二段中“In its permanent exhibitions, the Southwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity of America’s earliest residents.(在其常設(shè)展覽中，西南博物館展示了美國最早居民的顯著文化多樣性)”可知，西南博物館的藏品集中在美洲的本土文化。故選B項。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題PROGRAMS下的段落中“The museum’s four main exhibit halls focus on the native people of the Southwest, California, the Great Plains, and the Northwest Coast. Visitors may survey prehistoric Southwest painted earthenware, and enjoy temporary exhibitions and exhibitions that are moved between museums.(博物館的四個主要展廳集中于西南部、加利福尼亞州、大平原和西北海岸的原住民。游客可以參觀史前西南地區(qū)的彩繪陶器，欣賞臨時展覽和博物館之間的展覽。)”可知，游客在西南博物館可以欣賞博物館之間的巡回展覽。故選C項。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題MUSEUM STORE下的段落中“The museum store offers beautifully made Southwest silver jewelry, Pueblo earthenware, and kachina dolls. It also offers folk art from Mexico and Peru. The store carries a large selection of publications on Native American history, and on several famous Native American and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discount on all in-store purchases and a 20% discount on all museum publications.(博物館商店提供精美的西南銀飾，普韋布洛陶器，和克奇納娃娃。它還提供來自墨西哥和秘魯?shù)拿耖g藝術(shù)。這家商店有大量關(guān)于美國原住民歷史的出版物，以及一些著名的美國原住民和西部藝術(shù)家的出版物。博物館會員在店內(nèi)購物可享受9折優(yōu)惠，購買所有博物館出版物可享受8折優(yōu)惠)”可知，博物館會員可享受卡奇納娃娃打九折的福利。故選B項。
B
A few days ago, my husband, Russ, and I lost our house of 28 years to a California wild fire.
On that night, we had to leave our house and sleep in the back seat of our Ford. The next morning, we had to drive three and a half hours to find a hotel that had an available room. Only later, in the local newspaper, did we see photographs of the destruction. Our house had been consumed by the fire along with most of our neighborhood.
How are we going to rebuild after this? I thought, rounding a corner in the sidewalk on my walk back to the hotel. Is it even possible?

I noticed something up ahead—a pair of nickels, shining like precious jewels. They were just nickels, but they somehow felt special. I bent down and picked them up. If these were lucky coins, I could use all the luck I could get.
A few days later, I made a trip to the store to buy essentials. The enormous task of replacing everything we’d lost put a heavy weight on me. I was about to leave when I felt the urge to stop and turn my head to the right. I could hardly believe it—there on nickela shelf, was a nickel! Okay, maybe this is more than luck, I thought and put the nickel in my pocket.
I told myself that I had found the nickels just by chance. Then I found one next to my plate at a restaurant—on Thanksgiving, no less, when I was missing our house more than ever. It seemed that a nickel appeared whenever my spirits plummeted.
Whenever I reached my breaking point, I’d find another nickel. In the grass at the park, or near the tire of my car in a parking lot. Once, my change for a quick lunch was given entirely in nickels. “I’m sorry,” the cashier said. “It’s all we have.”
It’s all I needed!
One day, I was sitting at the desk when my phone rang. It was a real-estate agent I’d been working with.
“I have a new listing,” she said.
“When can we see it?”
A few hours later, Russ and I were following the agent down the driveway toward the house.
I didn’t think long. Because there, in the driveway, …
24. After the wild fire, the couple ________.
A. lived in their car for one night
B. took some photos of the destruction
C. could hardly afford their Thanksgiving dinner
D. saved precious items from the burned down house
25. What does the underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A. Remained. B. Changed. C. Strengthened. D. Sank.
26. What did the found nickels mean to the author?
A. Luck for the foreseeable future.
B. Hope during challenging times.
C. Signs of a huge fortune to come.
D. Reminders of what had happened.
27. Which would be the best ending for the passage?
A. I spotted a flash of silver in the sun, two nickels, both heads up.
B. I found an old nickel, which seemed to tell a story from the past.
C. I saw a mysterious locked box, and thought perhaps it was full of nickels.
D. I looked up and imagined something on a cloud, a giant nickel, just for me.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者住了28年的房子被大火摧毀，住在外面的酒店。偶然撿到2枚鎳幣，后來作者發(fā)現(xiàn)每當(dāng)她精神一落千丈時就會出現(xiàn)鎳幣的故事。
24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“On that night, we had to leave our house and sleep in the back seat of our Ford.(那天晚上，我們不得不離開家，睡在福特的后座上。)”可知，野火過后，他們是在車上過了一夜。故選A。
【25題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第七段中“Whenever I reached my breaking point, I’d find another nickel.(每當(dāng)我達(dá)到臨界點時，我就會發(fā)現(xiàn)另一個鎳。)和“Then I found one next to my plate at a restaurant—on Thanksgiving, no less, when I was missing our house more than ever”（感恩節(jié)那天，我在一家餐館的盤子旁邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個，我比以往任何時候都更想念我們的房子。）”推斷可知，每次有低落情緒（通過想家情節(jié)推出）時，就會出現(xiàn)鎳幣。劃線單詞plummeted大意為心情低落，心涼。故選D。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“If these were lucky coins, I could use all the luck I could get.(如果這些是幸運(yùn)幣，我可以用我能得到的所有運(yùn)氣。)”以及下文作者收到房產(chǎn)中介電話要帶她去看房子，可以看出作者撿到硬幣對作者來說是困難時期的希望。故選B。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中作者總是在她心情低落時撿到鎳幣可以推測，接下來作者可能在車道上，戶外陽光下看到了2枚鎳幣，這和第四段“I noticed something up ahead—a pair of nickels, shining like precious jewels.(我注意到前方有東西——一對鎳幣，像珍貴的珠寶一樣閃閃發(fā)光。)”第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)鎳幣的情節(jié)前后呼應(yīng)。故選A。
C
Of the more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes in the world, just a small number specialize in sucking human blood. How mosquitoes track us down so effectively isn’t currently known, but it matters, since they carry dangerous diseases which may cause death.
“In fact, stopping these annoying insects in their tracks could save up to half a million lives lost to those diseases each year,” said Carolyn Gauff, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants to understand how they find and target humans.
Mosquitoes mostly choose what to bite based on odor (氣味). Knowing how a potentially disease-carrying mosquito finds a person, while ignoring other warm-blooded animals, is a key question. But it’s not easy to answer, since any animal smell is made up of hundreds of chemicals mixed together in specific percentage. “The actual chemicals that are found in human odor are basically the same as the chemicals found in animal odor—it’s the percentages and the relative large amount of those substances in human mixtures that’s unique,” said Gauff.
To investigate, researchers decided to record neural activity in the brain of mosquitoes while exposing them to natural human and animal odor samples. They collected odor samples from about 40 different animals. When they compared some of those with the 16 human samples, something jumped out. Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. Common in the natural world, in humans, decanal comes from another, more complex substance. When one component of our skin’s natural oils, sapienic acid, breaks down, decanal is left over. This acid is only found in human beings. It’s what likely leads to the high levels of decanal that help the mosquitoes smell their way to us.
Understanding what the mosquitoes are targeting is only part of the story; knowing how they do it is also important. To see exactly how mosquitoes use this sense, scientists used genetically modified (轉(zhuǎn)基因的) mosquitoes so that they could cut open mosquitoes’ heads and watch neurons firing when they’re exposed to human and animal odors. The research team already knew that mosquitoes have about 60 different types of neurons that sense odors, so when they looked in the insects’ brains, they thought they might see a lot of activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, down to just a couple types of neurons. “One type of neuron responded really strongly to both humans and animals. Another type of neuron responded to both—but it responded much more strongly to humans than animals,” Gauff said.
How to keep mosquitoes’ decanal signal from being transmitted will be the research team’s next focus. Gauff hoped their current work could be used to make mosquito killers and attractants to prevent disease.
28. What’s the final purpose of the research conducted by Gauff’s team?
A. To study why only certain mosquitoes suck human blood.
B. To investigate the neural activity in mosquitoes’ brains.
C. To help prevent deadly diseases caused by mosquitoes.
D. To test the effectiveness of mosquito killers.
29. To which substance(s) would mosquitoes mostly be attracted?
A. Natural oil from human skin.
B. Chemicals in the environment.
C. Decanal generated in human blood.
D. Remains of decomposed sapienic acid.
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Most mosquito neurons are not involved in responding to human odor.
B. Genetically modified mosquitoes are not sensitive to human odor.
C. Further research will focus on odor signal and neural connection.
D. Chemicals found in human and animal odors are quite different.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了一隊研究人員想通過研究蚊子為什么叮咬某一類人，找到阻止它們叮咬人類的策略，預(yù)防文字叮咬引起的致命疾病。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段““In fact, stopping these annoying insects in their tracks could save up to half a million lives lost to those diseases each year,” said Carolyn Gauff, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants to understand how they find and target humans. (普林斯頓神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所的生態(tài)學(xué)和進(jìn)化生物學(xué)教授Carolyn Gauff說：“事實上，阻止這些煩人的蚊子在它們的軌道上活動，每年可以挽救多達(dá)50萬人因這些疾病而喪生的生命?！边@就是為什么Gauff的團(tuán)隊想要了解蚊子如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和瞄準(zhǔn)人類的原因)”和最后一段中的“Gauff hoped their current work could be used to make mosquito killers and attractants to prevent disease. (Gauff希望他們目前的工作可以用于制造滅蚊劑和引誘劑，以預(yù)防疾病)”可知，Gauff最終是想幫助預(yù)防蚊子引起的致命疾?。ň热诵悦┎胚M(jìn)行此項研究的。故選C項。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. (癸醛在人體皮膚中特別豐富)”和“When one component of our skin’s natural oils, sapienic acid, breaks down, decanal is left over. This acid is only found in human beings. It’s what likely leads to the high levels of decanal that help the mosquitoes smell their way to us. (當(dāng)我們皮膚的天然油脂中的一種成分——智人酸分解時，就會剩下癸酸。這種酸只存在于人身上。這很可能導(dǎo)致高水平的癸醛，幫助蚊子嗅到它們的氣味)”可知，癸酸是智人酸分解后的殘留物，蚊子通過癸醛（智人酸分解后的殘留物）找到人類，所以蚊子最喜歡癸醛（智人酸分解后的殘留物）。故選D項。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“The research team already knew that mosquitoes have about 60 different types of neurons that sense odors, so when they looked in the insects’ brains, they thought they might see a lot of activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, down to just a couple types of neurons. “One type of neuron responded really strongly to both humans and animals. Another type of neuron responded to both—but it responded much more strongly to humans than animals,” Gauff said. (研究團(tuán)隊已經(jīng)知道，蚊子有大約60種不同類型的神經(jīng)元來感知氣味，所以當(dāng)他們觀察蚊子的大腦時，他們認(rèn)為可能會看到很多活動。但蚊子的大腦出奇的安靜，這意味著信號可能相當(dāng)簡單，僅限于幾種類型的神經(jīng)元。Gauff說：“一種神經(jīng)元對人類和動物的氣味反應(yīng)非常強(qiáng)烈。另一種神經(jīng)元同時對兩者都有反應(yīng)，但對人類氣味的反應(yīng)比動物氣味的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈得多?！?”可知，蚊子有大約60種不同類型的神經(jīng)元來感知氣味，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)只有幾種類型的神經(jīng)元才會對人類和動物氣味作出反應(yīng)，可得出大多數(shù)蚊子神經(jīng)元不參與對人類氣味的反應(yīng)。故選A項。
D
The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the history of cybersecurity, of more than half a billion dollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future.
Despite the spread of password management software that can generate and remember complicated strings of random characters, some of the most common passwords are still “12345”, “password” and “iloveyou”. As a result, more than 80 percent of hacks involve these kinds of passwords; and passwords remain the most sought-after data by hackers, above other personal or sensitive information.
In many cases, individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts.
Since the need to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of letters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become even more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way, with biometric-based (基于生物識別的) security emerging as one of the most sought-after solutions. According to Tieo, a union of more than 250 companies, which promotes a standard system of passwordless authentication (身份驗證), the vast majority of consumer services will offer passwordless login systems in the next couple of years. “If done correctly and safely, biometrics are really helping us move to a passwordless future in a rapid manner,” said Andrew Jenkinson, CEO of Tieo.
But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim. “Biometric authentication and passwordless authentication has its own attack surface,” said Paul Smith, director of security research at CyberPek. His team revealed that it had found a design problem which would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed photo of a user’s face into the process.
The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit. Eric Brown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisory company, argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from passwords, other websites have less motivation to update their systems. “You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never going to get to the post-password era.”
31. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. Why passwords are the most sought-after data.
B. How passwords are stolen by phishing emails.
C. How passwords have caused us trouble.
D. Why passwords are difficult to secure.
32. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Facial recognition login is the key to fighting hackers.
B. Biometric authentication has its own set of problems.
C. TAK Cyber’s login system guarantees the safety of data.
D. Spoofing brings more problems than automated programs.
33. What is Eric Brown’s attitude towards a passwordless future?
A. Indifferent. B. Passionate. C. Pessimistic. D. Objective.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Biometric authentication: password security solution!
B. Start-ups race to welcome a passwordless future
C. The argument to end passwords has begun
D. Killing the password: a cure or a fantasy?
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了很多公司投入到無密碼的研究中，但是其中還有許多問題需要解決。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“In many cases, individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts.(在許多情況下，個人通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚郵件和其他社會工程技術(shù)被騙提供密碼細(xì)節(jié)。黑客還試圖侵入應(yīng)用程序，竊取整個密碼數(shù)據(jù)庫。密碼也受到新技術(shù)的攻擊，比如自動程序可以快速猜測密碼，或者在多個在線賬戶上嘗試竊取密碼)”可知，第三段主要講為什么密碼很難保護(hù)。故選D項。
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim. “Biometric authentication and passwordless authentication has its own attack surface,” said Paul Smith, director of security research at CyberPek. His team revealed that it had found a design problem which would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed photo of a user’s face into the process.(但使用生物特征認(rèn)證仍然存在風(fēng)險。與密碼不同，生物識別是無法更改的。這意味著出于隱私的考慮，這些數(shù)據(jù)必須被嚴(yán)密保護(hù)，以防止黑客試圖用受害者的照片或面具來欺騙攝像頭或傳感器。CyberPek安全研究主管保羅?史密斯（Paul Smith）表示:“生物特征認(rèn)證和無密碼認(rèn)證都有自己的攻擊面。”他的團(tuán)隊透露，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個設(shè)計問題，即潛在的攻擊者可以通過在登錄過程中注入偽造的用戶面部照片來繞過面部識別登錄)”可知，生物識別認(rèn)證有其自身的問題。故選B項。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Eric Brown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisory company, argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from passwords, other websites have less motivation to update their systems. “You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never going to get to the post-password era.””(網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究和咨詢公司TAK Cyber的創(chuàng)始人埃里克?布朗（Eric Brown）認(rèn)為，盡管敏感應(yīng)用程序可能很快就不再使用密碼，但其他網(wǎng)站就沒有動力更新它們的系統(tǒng)?！澳阌肋h(yuǎn)也擺脫不了他們，”他說?！拔覀冇肋h(yuǎn)不會進(jìn)入后密碼時代?！?”可知，埃里克·布朗對無密碼的未來并不看好，持悲觀態(tài)度。故選C項。
【34題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the history of cybersecurity, of more than half a billion dollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future.(這家初創(chuàng)公司吸引了網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全史上最大的投資，超過5億美元，它的目標(biāo)很簡單:一個無密碼的未來)”以及第四段“Since the need to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of letters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become even more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way, with biometric-based security emerging as one of the most sought-after solutions.(由于替換我們用來訪問日常生活的容易忘記且極易被黑客入侵的字母和數(shù)字字符串的需求變得更加迫切，替換密碼的競賽正在進(jìn)行中，基于生物識別的安全技術(shù)成為最受歡迎的解決方案之一)”可知，本文主要講很多公司都投入到無密碼研究中，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim.(但使用生物特征認(rèn)證仍然存在風(fēng)險。與密碼不同，生物識別是無法更改的。這意味著出于隱私的考慮，這些數(shù)據(jù)必須被嚴(yán)密保護(hù)，以防止黑客試圖用受害者的照片或面具來欺騙攝像頭或傳感器)”以及最后一段中“The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit.(對于那些希望消滅密碼的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)來說，最大的障礙是如何改變多年來的習(xí)慣)”可知，無密碼研究中還存在許多問題，到底能不能達(dá)到，我們并不知道，所以D項“Killing the password: a cure or a fantasy?(消除密碼：治愈還是幻想？)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項。
第二節(jié)(共 5 小題;每小題 2 分，共 10 分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect
Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.____35____
Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.____36____ Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood.
Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood.
In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.____37____ For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.
____38____ Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.
But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.____39____ Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later.
A. Affective responses to events typically happen automatically.
B. So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect?
C. But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood?
D. Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships.
E. The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult.
F. Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes.
G. This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. D 39. F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年在向成年人轉(zhuǎn)變的過程中，積極的情感將會對個人幸福感、事業(yè)成功和社會關(guān)系等方面產(chǎn)生重大的影響。
【35題詳解】
上文“Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.(父母常常對他們孩子成年后的表現(xiàn)寄予厚望，比如希望他們的身體健康，對自己的事業(yè)感到滿意，有牢固的友誼)”說明父母希望孩子們能在成年后獲得好的結(jié)果，C項“但是在青少年從青春期走向成年的過程中，哪些因素有助于產(chǎn)生這些結(jié)果呢？”中的“these outcomes”指代的就是之前提到過的結(jié)果。故選C項。
【36題詳解】
上文“Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.(情感是表達(dá)積極或消極情緒的傾向，這反過來影響我們?nèi)绾误w驗事物并決定是否判斷給定的情況是積極的還是消極的)”說明情感是一種情緒傾向，是需要自我決定和自我判斷的，A項“對事件的情感反應(yīng)通常是自動發(fā)生的”是對上文觀點的進(jìn)一步解釋說明。故選A項。
【37題詳解】
上文“In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.(為了支持積極影響在發(fā)展中的這一關(guān)鍵作用，弗吉尼亞大學(xué)的研究人員對14至25歲的青少年和年輕人進(jìn)行了跟蹤研究，使他們能夠了解從青春期到青年期這一關(guān)鍵發(fā)展階段積極影響的預(yù)測能力。)”指出為了支持積極影響在發(fā)展中的這一關(guān)鍵作用，研究人員進(jìn)行了研究，下文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(舉例來說，報告認(rèn)為積極影響更高的青少年對他們的朋友有更強(qiáng)和更健康的依戀關(guān)系)”說明積極影響的青少年更容易和朋友相處，所以空處應(yīng)該承上啟下，指出研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，G項“這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)積極的影響可以更好的預(yù)測青年時期的生活結(jié)果，比如建立更好的友誼”中的“developing better friendships”和下文事例中的“had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends”都是指和朋友建立良好的關(guān)系。故選G項。
【38題詳解】
上文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(舉例來說，報告認(rèn)為積極影響更高的青少年對他們的朋友有更強(qiáng)和更健康的依戀關(guān)系)”說明積極的情感給青少年帶來良好的人際關(guān)系， 而D項“有趣的是，結(jié)果表明積極的影響可能不僅僅是幫助青少年建立積極的人際關(guān)系”中的“helping teens build positive relationships”指的上文提到的和朋友之間良好的關(guān)系，是對上文話題的承接，講了積極的影響的好處，下文“Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.(積極情感還可以預(yù)測自我價值感和工作能力的提高，這表明，總體而言，積極情感似乎是青年人在幾個重要功能領(lǐng)域取得成功的關(guān)鍵預(yù)測因素。)”也是積極影響的好處，also表明和選項是并列關(guān)系，都在講好處。故選D項。
【39題詳解】
上文“But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.”（但是負(fù)面影響的影響呢？研究人員還研究了負(fù)面影響是否會預(yù)測年輕成年期的問題。）可知在探究負(fù)面影響的預(yù)測。下文“Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later..(因此，重要的一點是，青少年的積極影響可能與十年后個人幸福、職業(yè)和社會關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的重要生活結(jié)果有著密切的聯(lián)系。)可知，下文在強(qiáng)調(diào)積極影響與生活的關(guān)聯(lián)。F項“與積極影響不同，負(fù)面影響不會與以后的生活結(jié)果有任何顯著關(guān)聯(lián)?！背薪由衔奶骄控?fù)面影響的測試結(jié)果，引起下文對于積極影響對于生活影響的進(jìn)一步說明。故選F。
第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32 分)
第一節(jié)(共 4 小題;第 40、41 題各 2 分，第 42 題 3 分，第 43 題 5 分,共 12 分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。
The other day I was having coffee and catching up with Brian, a friend I hadn’t seen in over a year, when he asked me this question: “Do you regret leaving Google?” “Of course, I don’t regret it,” I answered. But when I reflected more deeply on his question, I arrived at this realization: We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life.
Truth is, not every decision we make will be the right choice for us. I learned later that quitting my one and only source of income to start an e-commerce business from nothing was a recipe for financial disaster. No, that decision was not the right one at the time. Perhaps I should’ve followed the advice I give today: Build your business while working a full-time job so that you can work from a place of stability. But then again, I wouldn’t have learned such a valuable lesson had I not acted upon what was truly important to me at the time—the freedom of pursuing my own dream, on my own terms.
We regret what’s in the past and can’t be changed. We compare the choices we made yesterday to an ideal path that we think we should have taken—we simply imagine it to be a better path. What is worse is when stuck in regret, we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today.
There’s a much better way to look at regret—a more mindful way—and it can be seen at a place where action, reflection, and gratitude meet.
So whenever you find yourself caught in regret, stop and ask yourself these two questions: “What have I learned from this? And how have I grown because of it?” Perhaps you might just shift your viewpoint from that of being upset and regretful to being appreciative and grateful.
40. What did Brian’s question make the writer realize?
___________________________________________________________
41. List the two words the author uses to describe the viewpoint people should take when facing regret.
___________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed.
___________________________________________________________
43. What has been your biggest regret during your high school life? What have you learned from this? (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Brian’s question makes the writer realize that we cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life.
41. Appreciative and grateful
42. When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed.
Reason: When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today.
43. The biggest regret during my high school life is that I did not study hard and treasure the valuable time and could not be admitted to my ideal university. I realized the problem in my college, so I worked hard on my major and have made some achievements in my major finally. So I accept my regret and learn something from it and consider the regret as a valuable experience.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文通過作者的自身經(jīng)歷表達(dá)了我們不應(yīng)該為所做的決定后悔和遺憾，應(yīng)從沮喪和遺憾轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦屑ず透屑ぁ?br /> 【40題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段“But when I reflected more deeply on his question, I arrived at this realization: We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life. (但當(dāng)我更深入地思考他的問題時，我意識到：我們不能后悔那些在生活中教會了我們寶貴教訓(xùn)的事情。)”可知，朋友的問題使我意識到我們不能后悔那些在生活中教會了我們寶貴教訓(xùn)的事情。故答案為Brian’s question make the writer realize that we cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life。
【41題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一句“So whenever you find yourself caught in regret, stop and ask yourself these two questions: “What have I learned from this? And how have I grown because of it?” Perhaps you might just shift your viewpoint from that of being upset and regretful to being appreciative and grateful. ( 所以，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入后悔之中時，停下來問問自己這兩個問題：“我從這件事中學(xué)到了什么？我是如何因此而成長的呢？”也許你可以把你的觀點從沮喪和遺憾轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦屑ず透屑ぁ?”可知作者用來描述人們在面對后悔時應(yīng)該采取的觀點的兩個詞是appreciative和grateful。故答案為Appreciative and grateful。
【42題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段“What is worse is when stuck in regret, we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today.(更糟糕的是，當(dāng)陷入后悔之中時，我們會失去對最重要的事情的控制：我們今天如何利用我們的時間。) ”可知“When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. (當(dāng)人們陷入悔恨時，更糟糕的是過去的選擇無法改變。)”這句話是錯誤的，當(dāng)人們陷入悔恨時，更糟糕的不是過去的選擇無法改變。而是我們會失去對最重要的事情的控制：我們今天如何利用我們的時間。故答案為When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. Reason: When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today.
【43題詳解】
開放性試題，言之有理即可。這篇文章表達(dá)了我們不應(yīng)該為所做的決定后悔和遺憾，應(yīng)從沮喪和遺憾轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦屑ず透屑?。我們?nèi)松?dāng)中都有后悔的事情，關(guān)鍵是我們面對后悔和遺憾的態(tài)度。故答案可為The biggest regret during my high school life is that I did not study hard and treasure the valuable time and could not be admitted to my ideal university. I realized the problem in my college, so I worked hard on my major and have made some achievements in my major finally. So I accept my regret and learn something from it and consider the regret as a valuable experience.
第二節(jié)(20 分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你校正在為高三畢業(yè)典禮征集活動方案。你有意參加，并對活動設(shè)計形成了一些想法。請你給英國好友Jim寫一封郵件詢問他的建議。內(nèi)容包括：
1.介紹設(shè)計想法；
2.說明設(shè)計理由。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
My school is collecting designs for the graduation ceremony. I’m writing to share my idea with you and ask for your advice.
First, the ceremony should be on weekend, thus allowing all the parents and teachers to be present, making this event livelier. It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas. We need to set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express our gratitude to our teachers, friends and parents, without whose help we could hardly succeed. During the last session, students can open the floor to talk about their future, sharing their ambitions with each other.
So what do you think of my plan? Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生就高三畢業(yè)典禮征集活動方案給英國好友Jim寫一封郵件，介紹自己的設(shè)計想法，說明設(shè)計理由，并詢問他的建議。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
建議：advice→ suggestion
鼓舞人心的：inspiring →encouraging
表達(dá)：express→convey
暢所欲言：open the floor→speak out freely
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.
拓展句：It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, which will be followed by a video featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.
【點睛】【高分句型1】It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.（運(yùn)用了過去分詞作后置定語、狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語）
【高分句型2】We need to set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express our gratitude to our teachers, friends and parents, without whose help we could hardly succeed.（運(yùn)用了動詞不定式作賓語，where和whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，含without的含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣）


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