北京市東城區(qū)2023屆高三英語(yǔ)一模試卷（Word版附解析）

這是一份北京市東城區(qū)2023屆高三英語(yǔ)一模試卷（Word版附解析），共22頁(yè)。試卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
?北京市東城區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)(一)
英語(yǔ)
2023.3
本試卷共11頁(yè)，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié) 完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Bernard, the 82-year-old retired police officer, was heartbroken when he ____1____ his precious medal. His house was broken into last December. The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of ____2____ with Liverpool Police Station. He believed the medal was gone forever.
Three months later, David, a young volunteer pulled the medal from a river in a “one-in-a-million” catch. The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁鐵) to ____3____ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box.
“I would have never found the medal if we hadn’t ____4____ all the rubbish in the river first,” said David. “At first, we found old bits of shopping carts and other metal items but about half an hour later, I pulled out the ____5____ , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆).”
____6____ , the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number, which David used to ____7____ the senior’s phone number online. The retired police officer was ____8____ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. And when he was told it would be ____9____ to him by the young man who found it, his face lit up. David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him.
“This was truly the best _____10_____ for cleaning up that rubbish... It’s amazing,” David said.
1. A. damaged B. lost C. sold D. dirtied
2. A. business B. communication C. cooperation D. service
3. A. net B. site C. cup D. fish
4. A. tackled B. deserted C. recycled D. buried
5. A. magnet B. rubbish C. box D. jewelry
6. A. Apparently B. Thankfully C. Gradually D. Consequently
7. A. track B. recall C. record D. dial
8. A. nervous B. astonished C. proud D. embarrassed
9. A. awarded B. submitted C. presented D. addressed
10. A. drive B. proof C. wish D. reward
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一記敘文。退休警察貝爾納家遭小偷光顧，丟失的物件包括他珍貴的勛章，三個(gè)月后，利物浦參加垃圾清理計(jì)劃的志愿者大衛(wèi)在河道清理時(shí)，意外打撈到裝有勛章的盒子，并按照上面的信息，找到了他，并交還給了他。
【1題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：貝爾納是一名82歲的退休警察，他失去了珍貴的勛章，傷心欲絕。A. damaged損壞；B. lost丟失；C. sold出售；D. dirtied弄臟。根據(jù)第一段“The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of ____2____ with Liverpool Police Station. (小偷偷走了一些珠寶、現(xiàn)金和他因在利物浦警察局工作32年而獲得的珍貴勛章。)”可知，小偷偷了貝爾納的勛章，所以貝爾納失去了（lost）勛章。故選B項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：小偷偷走了一些珠寶、現(xiàn)金和他因在利物浦警察局任職32年而獲得的珍貴勛章。A. business業(yè)務(wù)；B. communication溝通；C. cooperation合作；D. service服務(wù)。根據(jù)句中的his treasured medal given for his 32 years可知，這個(gè)勛章是因?yàn)樗嗄甑墓ぷ鞫玫降?，此處考查名詞serve，意為“長(zhǎng)期、受到敬重的工作，效勞，服務(wù)”，常用名詞短語(yǔ)service with…，意為“在……任職，工作”，故選D項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他用一塊大磁鐵從河里打撈金屬垃圾30分鐘后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)藍(lán)色的小金屬盒子。A. net凈賺；B. site使坐落在；C. cup做成杯狀；D. fish搜尋，摸找。此處考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)fish sth out of sth，意為“從……中取出，拿出，拖出……”，根據(jù)上一句“The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. (這名年輕人正在利物浦參加垃圾清理計(jì)劃。)”，磁鐵可以吸附一些金屬，故這位年輕人用磁鐵吸附河道里的金屬垃圾，以清理河道。故選D項(xiàng)。
【4題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們沒(méi)有先處理河里的所有垃圾，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)找到勛章。A. tackled處理；B. deserted遺棄；C. recycled回收；D. buried掩埋。根據(jù)上文“The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁鐵) to ____3____ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box. (這名年輕人正在利物浦參加垃圾清理計(jì)劃。他用一塊大磁鐵從河里打撈金屬垃圾30分鐘后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)藍(lán)色的小金屬盒子。)”可知，這個(gè)垃圾清理計(jì)劃包括了清理河道里的金屬垃圾，tackled符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
【5題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了購(gòu)物車(chē)和其他金屬物品的舊碎片，但大約半小時(shí)后，我拽出一個(gè)盒子，上面寫(xiě)著“警察長(zhǎng)期服務(wù)勛章”，真的就像大海撈針一樣。A. magnet磁鐵；B. rubbish垃圾；C. box盒子；D. jewelry珠寶。根據(jù)下文“The retired police officer was ____8____ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. (當(dāng)這位退休警官接到電話(huà)說(shuō)勛章在河里被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，勛章還裝在金屬盒子里，他非常驚訝。)”可知，勛章存放在盒子（box）里。故選C項(xiàng)。
【6題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：值得慶幸的是，獎(jiǎng)?wù)律峡讨{德的名字和獎(jiǎng)?wù)绿?hào)碼，大衛(wèi)用它在網(wǎng)上追蹤了這位前輩的電話(huà)號(hào)碼。A. Apparently顯然；B. Thankfully謝天謝地；C. Gradually逐漸；D. Consequently因此。能夠通過(guò)勛章上的信息找到失主，是一件慶幸的事，Thankfully符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
【7題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：值得慶幸的是，獎(jiǎng)?wù)律峡讨{德的名字和獎(jiǎng)?wù)绿?hào)碼，大衛(wèi)用它在網(wǎng)上追蹤了這位前輩的電話(huà)號(hào)碼。A. track追查；B. recall回想起；C. record記錄；D. dial撥號(hào)。句中的the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number可知，勛章上的信息方便David追查（track）到失主的電話(huà)號(hào)碼。故選A項(xiàng)。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：(當(dāng)這位退休警官接到電話(huà)說(shuō)勛章在河里被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，勛章還裝在金屬盒子里，他非常驚訝。A. nervous緊張的；B. astonished驚訝的；C. proud驕傲的；D. embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“He believed the medal was gone forever. (他以為獎(jiǎng)?wù)掠肋h(yuǎn)消失了。)”可知，原本伯納德認(rèn)為，勛章再也找不回來(lái)了，但現(xiàn)在有人打電話(huà)告知?jiǎng)渍碌南侣?，他驚訝，在情理之中。故選B項(xiàng)。
【9題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他被告知發(fā)現(xiàn)它的年輕人將把它交給他時(shí)，他的臉上露出了笑容。A. awarded授予；B. submitted屈服；C. presented提交，交給；D. addressed致辭。根據(jù)下文“David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him. (隨后，大衛(wèi)計(jì)劃去拜訪(fǎng)伯納德，并把獎(jiǎng)?wù)逻€給了他。)”可知，David不但找到了失主，還親自把勛章交給了（presented）他。故選C項(xiàng)。
10題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這確實(shí)是清理垃圾的最好回報(bào)。A. drive驅(qū)動(dòng)；B. proof證明；C. wish愿望；D. reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，回報(bào)。根據(jù)下文“It’s amazing (這事令人驚奇)”，上文“I pulled out the ____5____ , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆). (我拽出一個(gè)盒子，上面寫(xiě)著‘警察長(zhǎng)期服務(wù)勛章’，真的就像大海撈針一樣。)”可知，清理河道金屬垃圾的過(guò)程中，意外發(fā)現(xiàn)勛章，并歸還失主，實(shí)屬意料之外的好事，reward符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
A
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
On a particular sunny day, little Mykel was determined to learn to ride his bike without the help of training wheels. When the neighborhood kids ____11____ (spot) Mykel shakily controlling his bike, they raced over ____12____ (help). Some held the bike steady while others offered encouragement. Mykel was not alone as he tried to reach his goal of learning to ride his bike! Some things are ____13____ (easy) said than done. However, with a little help from friends, things go better!
【答案】11. spotted
12. to help
13. easier
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述Mykel學(xué)習(xí)騎自行車(chē)時(shí)得到周?chē)⒆拥膸椭墓适隆?br /> 【11題詳解】
考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：當(dāng)鄰居的孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)Mykel搖搖晃晃地控制著他的自行車(chē)時(shí)，他們跑過(guò)去幫忙。根據(jù)上文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“On a particular sunny day”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填spotted。
【12題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意同上。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to help。
【13題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：有些事說(shuō)起來(lái)容易做起來(lái)難。根據(jù)than可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填easier。
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Renewable methods for ____14____ (produce) electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only provide power on the days ____15____ wind blows or the sun shines. Electric batteries ____16____ (use) to store energy are expensive and can also be polluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple solution that puts unwanted green electricity to work, heating 100 tons of sand to around 500℃. The sand stays hot for months; when energy ____17____ (require), air can be pumped through it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies hot water to heat nearby houses.
【答案】14. producing
15. when 16. used
17. is required
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了芬蘭科學(xué)家提出的一個(gè)利用沙子的可再生發(fā)電方式。
【14題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：可再生發(fā)電方法，如風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)和太陽(yáng)能電池板，只能在有風(fēng)或有太陽(yáng)的日子里提供電力?？涨盀榻樵~for，故空處需要填動(dòng)名詞doing的形式構(gòu)成“介賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填producing。
【15題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：可再生發(fā)電方法，如風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)和太陽(yáng)能電池板，只能在有風(fēng)或有太陽(yáng)的日子里提供電力。分析句子可知，此處為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the days，表“時(shí)間”，從句中不缺主、賓、表和定語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞。故填when。
【16題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存能量的電池價(jià)格昂貴，而且會(huì)造成污染。本句已有動(dòng)詞are,且空處沒(méi)有連詞，所以空處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；動(dòng)詞與空前名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以空處需用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填used。
【17題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)需要能量時(shí)，空氣可以通過(guò)它來(lái)加熱。結(jié)合句意可知，此處為陳述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)即可；動(dòng)詞require和單數(shù)主語(yǔ)energy為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be done的形式。故填is required。
C
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The idea of writing a poem might feel frightening ____18____ (initial)—do you need to follow a certain structure does it need to have a rhyme, or do you need to have recited a dictionary to be a “proper” poet? The truth is: absolutely not. While there are “types” of poem that offer structure to serve ____19____ a guide, the reality is that poetry doesn’t have to follow a set of rules—it’s much more about conveying a feeling, and that opens up a lot of creative ____20____ (free) for us to explore.
【答案】18. initially
19. as 20. freedom
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了寫(xiě)詩(shī)讓人害怕的原因，并解釋道，詩(shī)歌不需要遵循“死板”的規(guī)則。
【18題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：一開(kāi)始寫(xiě)詩(shī)的想法可能會(huì)讓人害怕——你是否需要遵循某種結(jié)構(gòu)，它是否需要押韻，或者你是否需要背誦一本字典來(lái)成為一個(gè)“合適的”詩(shī)人？分析句子可知，空處去掉后不影響理解，故需要填副詞的形式作狀語(yǔ)。故填initially。
【19題詳解】
考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：雖然有一些“類(lèi)型”的詩(shī)歌提供了結(jié)構(gòu)作為指導(dǎo)，但現(xiàn)實(shí)是，詩(shī)歌并不一定要遵循一套規(guī)則。固定短語(yǔ)serve as表示“用作；充當(dāng)；作為”，符合句意。故填as。
【20題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：它更多的是傳達(dá)一種感覺(jué)，這為我們開(kāi)辟了許多創(chuàng)作的自由，供我們探索。creative為形容詞表示“創(chuàng)新的；創(chuàng)作的”，a lot of表示“很多”，故空處需要填名詞。故填freedom。
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Every year, young, talented, and ambitious nature conservationists from all over the world shoot their shot for the Future For Nature (FFN) Award, an honorable international award.
The Future For Nature aims to:
·Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants.
·Stimulate award winners to sustain their dedicated work.
·Help winners to raise their profile, extend their professional network and strengthen their funding basis.
Benefits
·The winners each receive 50,000 euros and may make their own decision to spend the money in the service of nature conservation.
·FFN offers the winners a platform and brings their stories to the attention of conservationists, financiers and a wide audience, allowing them to increase their impact and gain more access to funds.
·FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.
Qualifications
The candidate：
·Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 31st May 2005.
·Is able to explain his/her conservation work in fluent English (written and spoken)
·Has achieved substantial and long-term benefits to the conservation status of one or more animal or plant species.
·Must be determined to continue his/her conservation work, as the award aims to stimulate the winner’s future work. It is not an “end of career” prize.
Additional Remarks
For the 2023 Future For Nature Award, we are again searching for natural leaders, who have proven that they can make a difference in species’ survival.
From all applications, 6 to 10 nominees (被提名者) will be selected. These applicants will be asked to provide additional information, which will be used to select the final awardees. Ultimately, three inspiring wildlife heroes are selected as the winners.
Application Process: Apply online through the Apply Now link.
Application Deadline: May 1st, 2023.
21. Which is one of the aims of the Future For Nature?
A. To aid more green groups. B. To fund academic education.
C. To inspire conservation efforts. D. To raise environmental awareness.
22. The winners will get the chance to ________.
A. consult top specialists B. meet like-minded people
C. benefit the local community D. promote self-created platforms
23. To apply for the 2023 Future For Nature Award, candidates must ________.
A. meet the age requirement B. apply via mail by the deadline
C. turn in the application in English D. provide additional personal information
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹自然的未來(lái)獎(jiǎng) (FFN) 的目的，益處，資格和申請(qǐng)候選人等相關(guān)信息。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題The Future For Nature aims to:中的“·Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants. (獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和資助在保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物物種方面做出突出努力的個(gè)人)”和“·Stimulate award winners to sustain their dedicated work. (激勵(lì)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)弑３炙麄兊木礃I(yè)精神)”可知，F(xiàn)FN的目標(biāo)之一是激勵(lì)保護(hù)工作，故選C。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題The Future For Nature aims to:中的“·FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.(FFN正在建立一個(gè)不斷壯大的贏(yíng)家家庭，由具有相同興趣的人組成一個(gè)社區(qū)。FFN為他們提供了彼此見(jiàn)面的機(jī)會(huì)，并繼續(xù)相互學(xué)習(xí)，以便盡可能高效和有效地繼續(xù)為自然而戰(zhàn))”可知，獲勝者將有機(jī)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)志同道合的人。故選B。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Qualifications中的“The candidate: ·Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 31st May 2005. (候選人：1988年5月31日或之后，2005年5月31日之前出生)”可知，要申請(qǐng)2023年自然未來(lái)獎(jiǎng)，候選人必須符合年齡要求。故選A。
B
The sign on the librarian’s desk read: “Readers Wanted for Project Read Aloud.” Sherene stared at it as the librarian stamped the book that she had selected for her weekly reading fare with a return by date.
“What is Project Read Aloud?” Sherene asked.
“Here’s the brochure about it. There’s a form inside to fill out if you want to become a reader. There is no pay, by the way,” the librarian said with a smile.
Sherene walked home. She loved living within walking distance of her town’s public library. She loved to sit in one of the overstuffed reading chairs in the reading room with the smell of books all around her and lose herself in a book. She had moved away after high school and had recently moved back. The library and fond memories of her childhood had drawn her back to this small town.
Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, “Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.” That is a fine goal, she thought.
Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud. When she was a child, she read aloud to her teddy bear. Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat. It would feel so good to have a human audience once again to share stories with.
A couple of days later, Sherene sat in the now empty small theatre in the library, preparing the first story she was going to read. Soon, the audience began to wander in and find their seats. The theatre was half full in half an hour. Sherene stepped to the edge of the stage and introduced herself. She explained the origin of the story, opened the book and began to read. She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world.
When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause. At that moment, understanding did grow in the town through the sharing of stories.
24. What can we learn about Sherene?
A She used to be a teacher. B. She lived far from the library.
C. She liked hearing stories read aloud. D. She was involved in many social activities.
25. Why did Sherene join in Project Read Aloud?
A. She wanted to make new friends. B. The project’s goal suited her interest.
C. The project brought her extra income. D. She needed to improve her reading ability.
26. Which of the following words can best describe Sherene’s first performance?
A. Meaningful and humorous. B. Novel and amusing.
C. Impressive and conventional. D. Vivid and absorbing.
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述非常喜歡閱讀的Sherene加入圖書(shū)館舉行的“大聲朗讀計(jì)劃”，她的朗讀十分生動(dòng)且引人入勝的故事。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat.(后來(lái)，當(dāng)她長(zhǎng)大成為一名教師時(shí)，她整天大聲朗讀給她的學(xué)生聽(tīng)。退休后，她只對(duì)自己和她的貓博姿大聲朗讀)”可知，Sherene過(guò)去是一名老師。故選A。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, ‘Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.’ That is a fine goal, she thought.(回到家后，她坐下來(lái)閱讀小冊(cè)子，上面寫(xiě)著：‘大聲朗讀計(jì)劃旨在提供機(jī)會(huì)，讓人們?cè)谑孢m的環(huán)境中聽(tīng)到大聲朗讀的故事。’這是一個(gè)很好的目標(biāo)，她想)”及第六段中“Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud.(Sherene填好了表格。她喜歡大聲朗讀)”可知，“大聲朗讀計(jì)劃”旨在提供機(jī)會(huì)，讓人們?cè)谑孢m的環(huán)境中聽(tīng)到大聲朗讀的故事，而Sherene喜歡大聲朗讀，因此這個(gè)計(jì)劃符合她的興趣，所以她報(bào)名加入。故選B。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world.(她巧妙地編織了這個(gè)故事，為人物創(chuàng)造了聲音，為強(qiáng)調(diào)而停頓，并將聽(tīng)眾帶入另一個(gè)世界)”及最后一段中“When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause.(當(dāng)Sherene讀到故事的最后幾個(gè)字時(shí)，聽(tīng)眾陷入了短暫的沉默，然后爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲)”可知，Sherene的朗讀非常生動(dòng)且引人入勝。故選D。
C
Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.
In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.
“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation. ”
When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude, ” said Brucks,“so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person. ”
Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.
Virtual teamwork can’t replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning options. Perhaps the workplace will find a compromise—a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.
27. What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Shake. B. Revise. C. Challenge. D. Strengthen.
28. At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that ________.
A. videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communication
B. participants should make eye contact in an online meeting
C. the feedback from companies seems questionable
D. creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts
29. What can we learn about Brucks’ class?
A. Her students relieved anxiety by speaking up. B. Her students progressed in focusing attention.
C. Her students took advantage of virtual learning. D. Her students displayed talent for public speaking.
30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation B. Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation
C. Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity D. Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity
【答案】27. D 28. C 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。一個(gè)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：與面對(duì)面交流相比，虛擬會(huì)議不利于創(chuàng)新想法的產(chǎn)生，文章分析了原因，并給出了建議。
【27題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office. (在這些小組中，虛擬配對(duì)提出的想法要少得多，這表明面對(duì)面交流能產(chǎn)生更多創(chuàng)造性的想法。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)stiffen雇主敦促或要求員工回到辦公室的決心。)”可知，面對(duì)面的交流有利于創(chuàng)造性想法的產(chǎn)生，虛擬會(huì)議不如面對(duì)面交流，所以對(duì)于雇主來(lái)講，要求員工回到辦公室才會(huì)有更多的創(chuàng)造性想法，stiffen意為“加強(qiáng)”，此處為“加強(qiáng)了雇主的決心”，劃線(xiàn)詞與Strengthen意思相近，故選D項(xiàng)。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“‘We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,’ said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. ‘Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.’ (首席研究員梅勒妮·布魯克斯說(shuō)：‘我們進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的依據(jù)是，一些公司反饋說(shuō)，讓遠(yuǎn)程員工更難創(chuàng)新。與電話(huà)或電子郵件等其他形式的虛擬交流不同，視頻會(huì)議很好地復(fù)制了面對(duì)面的體驗(yàn)，所以當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)面對(duì)面互動(dòng)和視頻互動(dòng)在產(chǎn)生想法方面的顯著差異時(shí)，我很驚訝?！?”可知，因?yàn)橛泄痉从常哼h(yuǎn)程員工難創(chuàng)新，所以首席研究員梅蘭妮·布魯克斯組織了實(shí)驗(yàn)，來(lái)驗(yàn)證公司所反映的情況，在發(fā)現(xiàn)面對(duì)面交流與視頻互動(dòng)交流所帶來(lái)的創(chuàng)新想法的差異與公司反映的一樣時(shí)，他很是驚訝，說(shuō)明他原來(lái)認(rèn)為公司的反饋值得懷疑，故選C項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. (像大多數(shù)教育工作者一樣，布魯克斯在過(guò)去三年主要是虛擬教學(xué)，她也注意到這種方法的一些好處。她的學(xué)生更有可能輪流發(fā)言，她那些比較害羞的學(xué)生也更經(jīng)常發(fā)言，消除了在大教室講話(huà)時(shí)的焦慮。)”可知，布魯克斯的虛擬課堂上，學(xué)生可能輪流發(fā)言，連害羞的學(xué)生也能經(jīng)常發(fā)言，故可推知，他的學(xué)生能充分利用虛擬學(xué)習(xí)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise. (這些年來(lái)，許多人參加了許多虛擬會(huì)議。一些研究表明，這種調(diào)整可能不會(huì)在很大程度上影響工作場(chǎng)所的生產(chǎn)力。然而，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明情況并非如此。)”，以及第二段“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office. (在這些小組中，虛擬配對(duì)提出的想法要少得多，這表明面對(duì)面交流能產(chǎn)生更多創(chuàng)造性的想法。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)堅(jiān)定雇主敦促或要求員工回到辦公室的決心。)”可知，虛擬會(huì)議對(duì)工作場(chǎng)所的生產(chǎn)力有不利影響，“Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity (網(wǎng)上頭腦風(fēng)暴限制創(chuàng)造力)”作標(biāo)題比較貼切。故選D項(xiàng)。
D
Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.
Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.
There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (無(wú)限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.
Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干擾) on development and aging.
This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff.
31. Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2?
A. To introduce the background. B. To prove an assumption.
C. To make a comparison. D. To present an idea.
32. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A. study approaches B. system management
C. research facilities D. technology integration
33. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________.
A. practical B. risky C. flexible D. popular
34. As for life science, which would the author agree with?
A. It has received universal recognition. B. It should enjoy priority in development.
C. It can be applied in the majority of areas. D. It is more complicated than space science.
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述生命科學(xué)像宇宙一樣復(fù)雜，隨著生命科學(xué)工具的迅速改進(jìn)，科學(xué)家們就能夠更深入地研究生命的組成部分并且取得很大的成就，并且作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)優(yōu)先發(fā)展生命科學(xué)。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space. (幾十年前，天體物理學(xué)家卡爾·薩根說(shuō)過(guò)一句名言：“宇宙也在身體之內(nèi)?！蔽覀兪怯珊阈墙M成的。我們是宇宙認(rèn)識(shí)自己的一種方式。他當(dāng)時(shí)的評(píng)論是，我們的內(nèi)部宇宙和外太空一樣復(fù)雜、一樣奇妙。)”可知他提出我們的身體像宇宙一樣復(fù)雜和奇妙，這是一個(gè)想法，故選D。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (無(wú)限小的) landscape. (就像從伽利略望遠(yuǎn)鏡到哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡再到JWST的技術(shù)發(fā)展一樣，生命科學(xué)工具也在迅速改進(jìn)。從早期的光學(xué)顯微鏡到現(xiàn)代的超分辨率顯微鏡，這些發(fā)展使研究人員能夠深入觀(guān)察生物學(xué)的微小景觀(guān)。)”可知就像對(duì)宇宙的研究一樣，生命科學(xué)的研究設(shè)施也在不斷發(fā)展，故選C。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干擾) on development and aging. (生物學(xué)家還必須描述所有這些部分在不同環(huán)境和面臨各種挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)是如何相互作用和變化的。能夠?qū)Σ《净蚣?xì)菌進(jìn)行成像在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)層面上是很好的。但了解病毒如何進(jìn)入細(xì)胞并傳播、感染和致殘確實(shí)可以挽救生命。隨著時(shí)間的推移，生物學(xué)已經(jīng)上升到這個(gè)機(jī)械的挑戰(zhàn)。生命科學(xué)工具不僅可以生成細(xì)胞成分的圖像，更重要的是，它們可以幫助預(yù)測(cè)藥物對(duì)受體的影響，免疫細(xì)胞對(duì)外來(lái)入侵者的影響，以及基因擾動(dòng)對(duì)發(fā)育和衰老的影響。)”可推測(cè)生物學(xué)家的工作是很實(shí)用的，故選A。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. (我的目的是慶祝這些成就，同時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到科學(xué)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)和洞察力的內(nèi)在探索同樣令人印象深刻，在我看來(lái)，更加緊迫。)”可知作者認(rèn)為生命科學(xué)要優(yōu)先發(fā)展，故選B。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____35____ Is it right? Maybe not.
Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (強(qiáng)化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____36____
One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____37____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable.
____38____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars. Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.
Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____39____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability.
A. So where should we look for answers instead?
B. The modern world’s simple solution is technology.
C. Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.
D. Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years?
E. Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.
F. Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably.
G. Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.
【答案】35. B 36. E 37. C 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出“技術(shù)樂(lè)觀(guān)主義”試圖用技術(shù)解決當(dāng)前的氣候問(wèn)題，作者用電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的例子來(lái)證明這種想法似乎是沒(méi)用的。改變我們的社會(huì)運(yùn)作方式，以及人們的生活方式才是解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵所在。
【35題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.(隨著氣候變化的持續(xù)惡化，我們的情況開(kāi)始變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重)”可知，氣候問(wèn)題持續(xù)惡化，人類(lèi)的情況開(kāi)始變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。由此推知，人類(lèi)可能會(huì)采取解決氣候問(wèn)題的辦法。結(jié)合下文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems.(當(dāng)談到確保我們未來(lái)的解決方案時(shí)，技術(shù)樂(lè)觀(guān)主義是最大的誤解之一。它可以被定義為相信未來(lái)的技術(shù)將解決我們當(dāng)前的所有問(wèn)題)”可知，人們?cè)噲D依靠技術(shù)來(lái)解決氣候問(wèn)題。B項(xiàng)“The modern world’s simple solution is technology.(現(xiàn)代世界的簡(jiǎn)單解決方案就是技術(shù))”符合題意。故選B。
【36題詳解】
空處位于段末應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (強(qiáng)化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.(當(dāng)談到確保我們未來(lái)的解決方案時(shí)，技術(shù)樂(lè)觀(guān)主義是最大的誤解之一。它可以被定義為相信未來(lái)的技術(shù)將解決我們當(dāng)前的所有問(wèn)題。這個(gè)定義強(qiáng)化了這樣一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即沒(méi)有理由恐慌或改變我們當(dāng)前的能源密集型生活方式。社會(huì)所需要做的就是期待綠色技術(shù)發(fā)揮其魔力)”可知，上文提到了“沒(méi)有理由恐慌或改變我們當(dāng)前的能源密集型生活方式”這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)，由此推知，下文應(yīng)對(duì)這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。E項(xiàng)“Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.(不幸的是，這是一個(gè)極其危險(xiǎn)的觀(guān)點(diǎn))”符合題意。故選E。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.(電動(dòng)汽車(chē)就是這種樂(lè)觀(guān)誤解的最好例子之一。盡管電動(dòng)汽車(chē)被高度認(rèn)為是一種環(huán)保的出行方式，但它并不是未來(lái)交通的終點(diǎn)。電動(dòng)汽車(chē)中的電池使用的化學(xué)元素到本世紀(jì)中葉可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)短缺)”可知，上文提到了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的弊端。結(jié)合本段主要談?wù)摗皹?lè)觀(guān)誤解”推知，空處應(yīng)繼續(xù)對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的弊端進(jìn)行陳述。C項(xiàng)“Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.(此外，它們的生產(chǎn)更耗能)”符合題意。故選C。
【38題詳解】
空處位于段首，應(yīng)為本段主旨句或引出本段內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.(投資公共交通，遠(yuǎn)離個(gè)人擁有的車(chē)輛。生產(chǎn)更少的汽車(chē)，改善舊電池的回收利用做法。我們尋求的解決方案不應(yīng)該植根于新技術(shù)，而應(yīng)該改變我們社會(huì)的運(yùn)作方式)”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該改變社會(huì)的運(yùn)作方式，這才是解決氣候問(wèn)題的辦法。A項(xiàng)“So where should we look for answers instead?(那么，我們應(yīng)該在哪里尋找答案呢？)”符合題意，引出本段內(nèi)容，下文是對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答。故選A。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.(技術(shù)樂(lè)觀(guān)主義過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)技術(shù)，而對(duì)我們現(xiàn)在能做的事情卻不夠重視。不幸的是，人們似乎喜歡技術(shù)樂(lè)觀(guān)主義所描繪的畫(huà)面)”和下文“It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. (重要的是要理解，當(dāng)我們將這些技術(shù)視為使我們當(dāng)前的生活方式環(huán)保的一種方式時(shí)，問(wèn)題就開(kāi)始了)”可知，人們似乎更喜歡依靠技術(shù)解決問(wèn)題，當(dāng)我們把技術(shù)視為當(dāng)前的環(huán)保生活方式時(shí)，問(wèn)題就開(kāi)始了。由此可知，要解決氣候問(wèn)題，不能只依靠技術(shù)，關(guān)鍵是要從很大程度上改變我們的生活方式。G項(xiàng)“Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.(然而，事實(shí)是，我們需要廣泛改變我們的生活方式)”符合題意。故選G。
第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。
We all like to think that we are rational (理性的) thinkers, but poor decisions and choices are evident all around us: staying in bad relationships or boring jobs, taking up smoking, eating too much junk food; the list goes on. So why can’t we make better decisions? One reason appears to be what psychologists call “decision fatigue”: the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. For example, if you are ground down by everyday struggles, you have less mental energy for good decisions.
However, studies point to the fact that deciding things early in the day is likely to lead to better outcomes. Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones.
Another worthwhile strategy is to pretend that you are advising an imaginary friend, rather than relating decisions to your own life. This creates a distance between you and the issues in question, and can help you to think logically rather than emotionally.
People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直覺(jué)).
Perhaps the most important thing we can do to minimize the possibility of regret is to make sure that our decisions are in line with our life values; in other words, to have a life vision and be true to it. Instead of asking ourselves questions such as “Which option is safer?” or “Which option is best financially?”, it is far better to ask “How will I feel about this when I’m 70?”.
40 What does “decision fatigue” mean?
________________
41. Why do people tend to make good decisions early in the day?
________________
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
?Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts.
________________
43. In addition to the strategies in the passage, please suggest another way to make good decisions. (In about 40 words)
________________
【答案】40. The idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.
41. Because that’s when people feel least tired.
42. Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. According to the passage over-thinking may overestimate the value of information, so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions.
43. I think when you make a decision, that decision is a good way to realize the values that you hold, but you can also afford the worst consequences of it.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。我們都喜歡認(rèn)為自己是理性的思考者，但糟糕的決定和選擇在我們周?chē)S處可見(jiàn)。就此現(xiàn)象文章給出了做正確決定的一些方法。
【40題詳解】
考查詞句猜測(cè)。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞下文“the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.(認(rèn)為我們?cè)谧鰶Q定和練習(xí)自我控制方面的能量?jī)?chǔ)存有限的想法)”可知，“decision fatigue”是指認(rèn)為自己在做決定和練習(xí)自我控制方面的能量?jī)?chǔ)存有限。故答案為：The idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.
【41題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones.(我們大多數(shù)人都會(huì)有這樣的經(jīng)歷：帶著一個(gè)看似無(wú)法解決的問(wèn)題上床睡覺(jué)，第二天早上醒來(lái)時(shí)卻靈光一現(xiàn)。因此，當(dāng)我們感到最不累的時(shí)候做出的決定更有可能是正確的)”可知，人們傾向于在早上做出正確的決定是因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候是人們感到最不累的時(shí)候。故答案為：Because that’s when people feel least tired.
【42題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直覺(jué)).(人們經(jīng)常建議列出優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)，然后對(duì)每個(gè)列表中的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行優(yōu)先級(jí)排序。這當(dāng)然會(huì)有所幫助，但我們需要小心，不要過(guò)度考慮每一個(gè)決定。我們可能高估了信息的價(jià)值，有時(shí)最好還是憑直覺(jué)行事)”可知，有時(shí)根據(jù)直覺(jué)做出決定是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意，是因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)過(guò)度思考會(huì)高估了信息的價(jià)值。故答案為：Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. According to the passage over-thinking may overestimate the value of information, so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions.
【43題詳解】
開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題。答案符合邏輯即可，注意字?jǐn)?shù)。例如：I think when you make a decision, that decision is a good way to realize the values that you hold, but you can also afford the worst consequences of it.
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國(guó)好友Jim所在的學(xué)校即將迎來(lái)百年校慶。他參與準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)，負(fù)責(zé)向來(lái)賓介紹學(xué)校的變化，問(wèn)你有什么好的建議。請(qǐng)你用英文給他回郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1.表示祝賀;
2.你的建議。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
提示詞：紀(jì)念日anniversary
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Congratulations on your school’s upcoming centennial anniversary! It’s a remarkable achievement and a testament to the school’s commitment to education.
As for your request for suggestions on how to introduce the school’s changes to guests, I would recommend highlighting the school’s technological advancements. You could showcase the school’s state-of-the-art facilities, such as the computer labs and interactive whiteboards, and how they have enhanced the learning experience for students. Additionally, you could also mention the school’s efforts in promoting diversity and inclusivity, such as the establishment of cultural clubs and the implementation of anti-bullying policies.
I hope these suggestions are helpful, and I wish you all the best for a successful anniversary celebration.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章要求考生作為高三學(xué)生李華，給英國(guó)好友Jim一些建議和祝賀，關(guān)于他們即將到來(lái)的百年校慶。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
即將到來(lái)的：upcoming → imminent
建議：suggestion → proposal
提到：mention → refer to
有幫助的：helpful → favourable
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Congratulations on your school’s upcoming centennial anniversary! It’s a remarkable achievement and a testament to the school’s commitment to education.
拓展句：Congratulations on your school’s upcoming centennial anniversary which is a remarkable achievement and a testament to the school’s commitment to education.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】You could showcase the school’s state-of-the-art facilities, such as the computer labs and interactive whiteboards, and how they have enhanced the learning experience for students.（運(yùn)用了how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句）
【高分句型2】I hope these suggestions are helpful, and I wish you all the best for a successful anniversary celebration.（運(yùn)用省略that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句）