?2023年新高三英語(yǔ)【暑假自學(xué)課】（課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷）
第15講 完形填空夾敘夾議文（20空） 解析版


1. 掌握完形填空夾敘夾議文文體特點(diǎn)。
2. 掌握完形填空夾敘夾議文解題策略。
3. 掌握完形填空夾敘夾議文解題技巧。


一、完形填空夾敘夾議文思維導(dǎo)圖


二、完形填空夾敘夾議文解題策略
解題要領(lǐng)
內(nèi)容解讀
分析結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住作者的觀點(diǎn)
借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)，即事例→觀點(diǎn)，觀點(diǎn)→事例，觀點(diǎn)→事例→觀點(diǎn)，體會(huì)記敘和議論的關(guān)系，抓住作者的觀點(diǎn)，明確文章的組織方式?？次恼聦儆谏鲜瞿姆N結(jié)構(gòu)，從而明白作者的寫作思路。
重視首句，把握文章主題
首句往往是文章的關(guān)鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作中心，為全面理解文章打開一扇“窗戶”。
敘議兼顧，理解議論內(nèi)涵
夾敘夾議文中敘與議是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，敘是議的基礎(chǔ)，而議是敘的升華。在讀這類文章時(shí)，掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)閿⑹鍪菫樽髡叩淖h論而服務(wù)的。所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來，再結(jié)合對(duì)人物心理和行為的描述，全面把握文章才能正確解題。
抓住轉(zhuǎn)換，理清邏輯關(guān)系
抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時(shí)調(diào)整思維方式，理清上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，在充分把握語(yǔ)境的基礎(chǔ)上，辨析詞語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。

考點(diǎn)一：據(jù)搭配，知答案
完形填空中，有時(shí)會(huì)涉及短語(yǔ)，以動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)為主，偶見介詞短語(yǔ)等。解題時(shí)，可以通過仔細(xì)觀察和回憶所學(xué)知識(shí)，進(jìn)行有效推斷，選擇正確答案。
例1．(2020·江蘇)Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37.events in our lives.
36.A.depends B.holds C.keeps D.reflects
【答案】A
【解析】上文提到僅僅擅長(zhǎng)某件事并有激情是不夠的，由此可知此處意為“成功從根本上取決于(depend on)我們對(duì)自己和對(duì)生活中所發(fā)生事件的看法”。
考點(diǎn)二：重平行，覓邏輯
文章中的意群總是通過一定的邏輯關(guān)系連在一起，特別是并列平行的結(jié)構(gòu)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)要么通過標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)體現(xiàn)，要么通過并列連詞連接。一般來說，這些平行結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)境是一致的，考生解題時(shí)要特別注意這一點(diǎn)。
例2．(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48.lie.
47.A.win out B.give up C.wake up D.stand out
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)空格后的discover可知，此處表示總有一天孩子們會(huì)醒悟過來(wake up)。win out終于成功；give up放棄；stand out突出，顯眼。
考點(diǎn)三：破難句，解句意
完形填空的文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些長(zhǎng)句或難句，而它們往往會(huì)影響一些答案的選擇。這時(shí)就要在理解上下文邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上有針對(duì)性地對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句子特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，準(zhǔn)確理解句意，明確所填選項(xiàng)在句中的語(yǔ)法功能，從而做出正確判斷。
例3．(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ)As he often did，he stopped by the “after work auction(拍賣)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44.found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.
43.A.attended B.reserved C.cancelled D.run
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)上文中的auction“拍賣”和下文中的“by the Italian police”可知，此處表示由意大利警方管理(run)的“下班后拍賣會(huì)”。attend出席，參加；reserve預(yù)訂，留出；cancel取消，廢除。
考點(diǎn)四：巧排除，降難度
在掌握文章大意和細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，考生可以通過試填試題中的選項(xiàng)選出最吻合語(yǔ)境、最銜接語(yǔ)義的選項(xiàng)，這種解題方法被稱為“排除錯(cuò)項(xiàng)”。
例4．(2020·浙江)I ran desperately but failed to 45 .It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
45.A.take off B.catch up C.hold back D.get out
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)上文的ran desperately和下文的拖拉機(jī)沖過一個(gè)木柵欄然后就不見了可知，作者沒能追上(catch up)它。take off起飛；hold back忍??；get out出去。
考點(diǎn)五：由熟詞，知生義
一詞多義和熟詞生義是近幾年高考不斷出現(xiàn)的詞匯活用現(xiàn)象。備考時(shí)應(yīng)注意單詞本義以及根據(jù)詞根推斷單詞生僻意義。
例5．(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family！He was so 59 and kind to do this.”
57. A.confirmed B.simplified C.clarified D.accompanied
59. A.smart B.calm C.sweet D.fair
【答案】57. D。
【解析】特雷莎把照片發(fā)到了網(wǎng)上，并且配上(accompany)了感人的話語(yǔ)。confirm確認(rèn)；simplify使簡(jiǎn)化；clarify澄清。
【答案】59.C。
【解析】 smart聰明的，精明的；calm冷靜的；sweet甜的，友好的；fair公平的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與kind并列的是sweet。句意為：他做這件事真是太友好和善良了。
考點(diǎn)六：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)溯根源
詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是某一個(gè)詞以原詞、近義詞、同根詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞(如rose是flower的下義詞，flower是rose的上義詞)或其他形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇中。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)是語(yǔ)篇銜接的一個(gè)重要手段。值得注意的是：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)作為一種命題風(fēng)格，近年來越來越受命題者的青睞。我們解答完形填空時(shí)，要留心選項(xiàng)中是否有與上下文中的詞匯相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。
例6．原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——在上下文中同一詞匯重復(fù)出現(xiàn)
一個(gè)單詞在一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)中以同樣的詞形反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)兼有詞形變化。如：上文中出現(xiàn)了transport與下文中的transportation可以看成是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)
(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll wake up and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling is doing...
48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)本段第一句中的lying以及下一段第二句中的the lie可知，此處應(yīng)填lie(謊言)。
例7．同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——詞形變化的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)
(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 52.called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.
50.A.predicted B.advertised C.believed D.recorded
【答案】B
【解析】由下一句中的ad可知，此處應(yīng)選B。advertise登廣告。
例8．同/近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——意思相同、相近的表達(dá)方式，或者解釋性的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)
(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ)It was signed(簽名) “Bonnato” or so he thought，but when he 51.researched it，he only found “Bonnard，” a French 52 he had never heard of.He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54.garden as his father’s painting.
52.A.painter B.designer C.author D.actor
【答案】A
【解析】由上文中的Bonnard以及下文中的“find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair”可知，此處表示一位法國(guó)畫家(painter)。artist與painter是近義詞。designer設(shè)計(jì)師；author作家；actor演員。
例9．反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——意思相反或?qū)Ρ刃越忉尩脑~匯復(fù)現(xiàn)
(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 .It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.
49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，此處指小狗的緊張和害怕被高興(joy)所取代了。
考點(diǎn)七：邏輯關(guān)系解疑難
完形填空中主要考查七大邏輯關(guān)系：對(duì)立關(guān)系、并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、目的和因果關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、時(shí)間關(guān)系、層次和順序關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系。
例10．并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：and，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，similarly等。
(2019·北京)The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”.
16.A.even B.ever C.once D.already
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示這些大學(xué)生視威爾遜為楷模和朋友，甚至(even)親切地叫他“爺爺”。

【2022?天津卷】When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (單簧管). The beginning of the year had gone ____16____. But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would ____17____. When I began to play, my rhythms (節(jié)奏) were good, but my tone was another ____18____. “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so ____19____ and my world came ____20____ down in an instant.
From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting ____21____. With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of ____22____, I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) ____23____ way out.
The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started ____24____. “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She _____25_____ and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____26_____ out of. I made a _____27_____ not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a _____28_____ could be achieved.
The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t _____29_____ why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t _____30_____ at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great _____31_____ I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was _____32_____ a lot that year.
_____33_____ I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can _____34_____ everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay _____35_____ inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable.
16. A. badly B. endlessly C. randomly D. smoothly
17. A. mess up B. move on C. set out D. take off
18. A. impression B. essay C. story D. factor
19. A. ashamed B. starved C. excited D. relaxed
20. A. crashing B. moving C. selling D. bending
21. A. stricter B. worse C. happier D. smarter
22. A. joy B. panic C. doubt D. sympathy
23. A. funny B. important C. easy D. traditional
24. A. drying B. disappearing C. flowing D. separating
25. A. had a point B. made a change C. reached a level D. took a break
26. A. send B. bring C. pick D. climb
27. A. request B. resolution C. presentation D. proposal
28. A. balance B. degree C. position D. solution
29. A. figure out B. give away C. think over D. make up
30. A. aim B. smile C. wave D. shout
31. A. anger B. sorrow C. disappointment D. surprise
32. A. felt B. shown C. removed D. voiced
33. A. Carrying on B. Looking back C. Stepping aside D. Turning around
34. A. consume B. examine C. reflect D. rescue
35. A. unknown B. unpunished C. interested D. trapped
【答案】16. D17. A18. C19. A20. A21. B22. B23. C24. C25. A26. D27. B28. D29. A30. D31. D32. C33. B34. A35. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者因?yàn)樽约簡(jiǎn)位晒苎葑嗟貌缓?，感到很沮喪，決定逃避，在媽媽的啟發(fā)下，作者決定面對(duì)恐懼，找到老師尋求幫助，最終解決了問題，也戰(zhàn)勝了自己的恐懼。
【16題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：年初進(jìn)展順利。A. badly嚴(yán)重地；B. endlessly無窮地；C. randomly隨機(jī)地；D. smoothly順利地。根據(jù)下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.”可知，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，年初進(jìn)展順利，但隨著大多數(shù)學(xué)生的進(jìn)步，我似乎落后了。故選D項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：我知道我會(huì)搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸；B. move on繼續(xù)前進(jìn)；C. set out動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；D. take off起飛。根據(jù)上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同學(xué)，由此可知，我認(rèn)為自己演奏的不好，會(huì)搞砸的。故選A項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我開始演奏時(shí)，我的節(jié)奏很好，但我的音調(diào)是另一回事。A. impression印象；B. essay散文；C. story故事，情節(jié)；D. factor因素。根據(jù)上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我演奏的不好，雖然節(jié)奏很好，但演奏不在調(diào)上，音調(diào)是另一回事，“my tone was another story”用來描述演奏不在調(diào)上。故選C項(xiàng)。
【19題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬間崩潰了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. starved饑餓的；C. excited興奮的；D. relaxed放松的。根據(jù)上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老師質(zhì)疑我的演奏，懷疑我沒有練習(xí)，由此可知，我為此感到羞愧。故選A項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬間崩潰了。A. crashing崩潰；B. moving移動(dòng)；C. selling出售；D. bending彎曲。根據(jù)上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老師質(zhì)疑我的演奏，懷疑我沒有練習(xí)，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感覺世界瞬間崩潰了。故選A項(xiàng)。
【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從那時(shí)起，我討厭吹單簧管，而且越來越糟糕。A. stricter更嚴(yán)格的；B. worse更糟的；C. happier更快樂的；D. smarter更聰明的。根據(jù)下文“I grew increasingly upset”可知，我感到越來越沮喪，由此可知，我的狀態(tài)越來越糟糕。故選B項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在一陣恐慌中，我請(qǐng)了病假。A. joy喜悅；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt疑惑；D. sympathy同情。根據(jù)上文“I hated playing the clarinet”和“With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset.”可知，我討厭吹單簧管，我感到越來越沮喪，由此可知，因?yàn)閷?duì)即將到來的表演感到恐慌，所以我請(qǐng)了病假。故選B項(xiàng)。
【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一種解脫和容易的方式。A. funny有趣的；B. important重要的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional傳統(tǒng)的。根據(jù)上文“I hated playing the clarinet”可知，我討厭吹單簧管，由此可知，我請(qǐng)了病假，這是一種讓我解脫的容易的方式，我可以不再面對(duì)單簧管表演。故選C項(xiàng)。
【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我想退出?！蔽业难蹨I開始流下來。A. drying使變干；B. disappearing消失；C. flowing流動(dòng)；D. separating使分開。根據(jù)下文“why are you crying”可知，我哭了，由此可知，我的眼淚流了下來。故選C項(xiàng)。
【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：她說得很有道理，我意識(shí)到我想留在樂隊(duì)里，因?yàn)闆]有面對(duì)我的恐懼，我創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)很難爬出來的黑洞。A. had a point有道理；B. made a change做出改變；C. reached a level達(dá)到一定水平；D. took a break休息一下。根據(jù)句中“I realized I wanted to stay in band and”可知，我意識(shí)到我想留在樂隊(duì)里，由此可知，我認(rèn)為媽媽的話“If you really want to quit, why are you crying?(如果你真的想退出，為什么要哭？)”說得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不會(huì)哭。故選A項(xiàng)。
【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說得很有道理，我意識(shí)到我想留在樂隊(duì)里，因?yàn)闆]有面對(duì)我的恐懼，我創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)很難爬出來的黑洞。A. send發(fā)送；B. bring帶來；C. pick挑選；D. climb爬。根據(jù)句中“created a black hole”可知，我無法面對(duì)我的恐懼，就像給自己創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)黑洞，很難爬出來。故選D項(xiàng)。
【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我下定決心，不躲避自己的恐懼，即使是最糟糕的恐懼，我也要與之對(duì)抗，這樣才能找到解決辦法。A. request請(qǐng)求；B. resolution正式?jīng)Q定，決心；C. presentation演示；D. proposal提議。根據(jù)句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我決定與恐懼對(duì)抗，由此可知，我下定決心，不躲避自己的恐懼。故選B項(xiàng)。
【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我下定決心，不躲避自己的恐懼，即使是最糟糕的恐懼，我也要與之對(duì)抗，這樣才能找到解決辦法。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度，度數(shù)；C. position位置；D. solution解決辦法。根據(jù)句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我決定與恐懼對(duì)抗，是為了找到解決問題的辦法。故選D項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：第二天，我見到了我的樂隊(duì)老師，告訴她我有一個(gè)問題，不理解為什么會(huì)這樣。A. figure out理解，想出；B. give away贈(zèng)送；C. think over仔細(xì)考慮；D. make up編造。根據(jù)句中“The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem”可知，我把問題告訴老師，由此可知，我不理解為什么會(huì)這樣，所以才請(qǐng)教老師。故選A項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她沒有沖我大喊大叫，遞給我一個(gè)新簧片。A. aim目的是；B. smile微笑；C. wave揮手；D. shout喊叫。根據(jù)句中“She asked me gently to play for her.”可知，老師溫柔地讓我為她演奏，由此可知，她愿意幫助我解決問題，得知我的問題后，沒有沖我大喊大叫。故選D項(xiàng)。
【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我非常驚訝的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger憤怒；B. sorrow悲傷；C. disappointment失望；D. surprise驚訝。根據(jù)句中“I could play well”可知，我之前一直演奏不好，突然能演奏得很好，這令我感到驚訝。故選D項(xiàng)。
【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那一年，我的問題解決了，我的恐懼消除了很多。A. felt感覺到；B. shown展示；C. removed去除，使消失；D. voiced表達(dá)，吐露。根據(jù)句中“My problem was solved”可知，我的問題解決了，由此可知，我的恐懼消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故選C項(xiàng)。
【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高興我克服了恐懼。A. Carrying on繼續(xù)；B. Looking back回顧，回首往事；C. Stepping aside下臺(tái)，讓位；D. Turning around轉(zhuǎn)身，調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)方向。根據(jù)句中“I overcame my fear”可知，我克服了恐懼是發(fā)生在過去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很高興我克服了恐懼。故選B項(xiàng)。
【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：恐懼會(huì)消耗一個(gè)人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗；B. examine檢查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue營(yíng)救。根據(jù)上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因?yàn)闆]有面對(duì)我的恐懼，我陷入困境，無法面對(duì)生活，由此可知，恐懼會(huì)消耗一個(gè)人生活中的一切。故選A項(xiàng)。
【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：躲避這些恐懼只會(huì)造成一個(gè)洞，讓人困在里面。A. unknown未知的；B. unpunished未受懲罰的；C. interested感興趣的；D. trapped受困的。根據(jù)上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因?yàn)闆]有面對(duì)我的恐懼，我創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)很難爬出來的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐懼只會(huì)造成一個(gè)洞，人被困在里面。故選D項(xiàng)。
【2021?全國(guó)乙卷】Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42 of gratitude(感謝).
My thoughts were soon 43 . We had a woman patient who was 44 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45 to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was 46 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48 , and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.
She was 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her 50 at her recovery. As she was 51 she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 53 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 54 to accept it, saying that we were all just 55 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 56 :“Oh this isn't for the 57 I had. I take that as a 58 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people, 59 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 60 and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
【答案】41-45 CABDA 46-50 ABCAB 51-55 DCADB 56-60 CDBCD
【導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章通過作者做護(hù)士期間遇到的一個(gè)女病人為例，表達(dá)了我們應(yīng)該對(duì)別人的付出表示真誠(chéng)的感謝，即使他們只是做了自己分內(nèi)的事。
41. C。句意：幾周前我在做護(hù)士的時(shí)候就在考慮這個(gè)問題。A. cleaner清潔工；B. chemist化學(xué)家，藥劑師；C. nurse護(hù)士；D. doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)作者是一名護(hù)士。
42. A。句意：我突然想到，如果我們有一系列表達(dá)不同程度感激之情的詞語(yǔ)，那會(huì)容易得多。A. grades分?jǐn)?shù)，級(jí)別，程度；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根據(jù)上文的“simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知，作者認(rèn)為如果有表達(dá)不同程度感謝的詞，那么感謝就容易得多了。
43. B。句意：我的想法很快就進(jìn)行了測(cè)驗(yàn)。A. brushed aside撇開；B. put to the test經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)，接受……的考驗(yàn)；C. brought under discussion在討論中；D. taken into account考慮。結(jié)合下文講述女病人對(duì)護(hù)士們的所為，可知作者的想法立即接受了測(cè)驗(yàn)。
44. D。句意：我們有一個(gè)病人膝蓋置換手術(shù)后正在康復(fù)。A. departing出發(fā)，離開；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢復(fù)。結(jié)合下文提到手術(shù)和病人從床上摔下來可知，病人正在恢復(fù)中。
45. A。句意：一天下午，當(dāng)她試圖上床睡覺時(shí)，她因心臟病而摔倒了。A. attempting試圖，嘗試；B. choosing選擇；C. pausing暫停；D. promising承諾。結(jié)合上文提到這是個(gè)膝蓋有傷的病人，可推知她嘗試著自己上床。
46. A。句意：一天下午，當(dāng)她試圖上床睡覺時(shí)，她因心臟病而摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C. casually隨意地；D. secretly秘密地。結(jié)合上文病人是因?yàn)橄ドw置換手術(shù)而住院，由此可知，此處是指最終發(fā)現(xiàn)摔倒是因?yàn)樾呐K病。
47. B。句意：這次摔倒是災(zāi)難性的，需要緊急醫(yī)療隊(duì)和良好的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。A. assessing評(píng)估；B. requiring需要；C. forming形成；D. proving證明。根據(jù)“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要想把病人治好需要緊急醫(yī)療隊(duì)和良好的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。
48. C。句意：雖然很慢，但她恢復(fù)了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly輕微地；B. accidently意外地；C. slowly緩慢地；D. happily幸福地。根據(jù)上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要從災(zāi)難性的病痛中恢復(fù)一定很慢。
49. A。句意：她對(duì)醫(yī)療及護(hù)士團(tuán)隊(duì)為她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful體貼的；C. sorrowful傷心的，悲傷的；D. fearful恐懼的。結(jié)合下文女病人離開前和大家一一道別，推知她對(duì)大家的付出表示感激。
50. B。句意：在她出院那天，我們分享了她康復(fù)的喜悅。A. surprise驚喜；B. delight喜悅；C. curiosity好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根據(jù)下文的“her recovery”可知，此處是指分享她康復(fù)的喜悅。
51. D。句意：當(dāng)她要離開時(shí)，她急切地想和我們護(hù)理隊(duì)的每一個(gè)人說再見。A. operating手術(shù)；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating猶豫；D. leaving離開。根據(jù)上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，所以此處是指當(dāng)她即將離開醫(yī)院時(shí)。
52. C。句意：當(dāng)她要離開時(shí)，她急切地想和我們護(hù)理隊(duì)的每一個(gè)人說再見。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再見；D. yes同意。根據(jù)上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，由此推知她對(duì)護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)的人告別，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告別”符合語(yǔ)境。
53. A。句意：當(dāng)她走到一個(gè)護(hù)士身邊時(shí)，她試圖塞一張五英鎊的鈔票在她手里。A. reached到達(dá)；B. consulted咨詢；C. introduced介紹；D. persuaded說服。結(jié)合上文提到女病人出院時(shí)要和護(hù)士們一一道別可知，此處是指她走到一個(gè)護(hù)士的身邊，用“reach”符合語(yǔ)境。
54. D。句意：我的同事拒絕接受，說我們只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望；B. pretended假裝；C. failed失敗；D. refused拒絕。結(jié)合常識(shí)和下文的“we were all just 13 our job”可知，作者的同事拒絕收下女士給的錢。
55. B。句意：我的同事拒絕接受，說我們只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing獲得，保護(hù)；D. starting開始。根據(jù)上文提到作者的同事拒絕收下錢可推知，她認(rèn)為照顧病人只是做了自己應(yīng)該做的事情而已。
56. C。句意：這個(gè)病人開起來很困惑，然后回復(fù)到：“噢，這不是因?yàn)槲医邮艿恼疹?。我認(rèn)為它是應(yīng)該的。不，這是昨天給我做頭發(fā)的?！盇. repeated重復(fù)；B. recited背誦；C. replied回答，回應(yīng)；D. reported報(bào)道。結(jié)合上文作者同事說照顧女士是自己的工作，不應(yīng)該得到額外的禮物可知，此處是女病人對(duì)同事說的話的回應(yīng)。
57. D。句意：這個(gè)病人開起來很困惑，然后回復(fù)到：“噢，這不是因?yàn)槲医邮艿恼疹?。我認(rèn)為它是應(yīng)該的。不，這是昨天給我做頭發(fā)的?！盇. courage勇氣；B. patience耐心；C. duty職責(zé)；D. care照顧。根據(jù)下文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因?yàn)樽o(hù)士的照顧才給的五英鎊。
58. B。句意：這個(gè)病人開起來很困惑，然后回復(fù)到：“噢，這不是因?yàn)槲医邮艿恼疹櫋Ｎ艺J(rèn)為它是應(yīng)該的。不，這是昨天給我做頭發(fā)的?！盇. goal目標(biāo)；B. given該給的東西；C. push推力；D. greeting招呼。根據(jù)上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知，女病人認(rèn)為她得到的照顧是護(hù)士們應(yīng)該給她的（東西）。
59. C。句意：對(duì)許多人來說，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但發(fā)型是額外的，應(yīng)該得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。A. risking冒險(xiǎn)；B. changing改變；C. saving拯救，挽救；D. building建設(shè)。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，醫(yī)生和護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)拯救了女病人的生命可知，此處指很多人認(rèn)為拯救生命是醫(yī)生和護(hù)士工作的一部分。
60. D。句意：對(duì)許多人來說，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做發(fā)型是額外的事情，應(yīng)該得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。A. honour榮譽(yù)；B. ability能力；C. opening開口處；D. extra額外的東西。根據(jù)下文的“To many people， 59 lives is part of the job”和“but”可知，此處指做發(fā)型是本職工作以外的事情，即額外做的事情，應(yīng)該得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
【2021?全國(guó)乙卷】Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____16____on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I____17____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was ____18____ at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of ____19____, my worries had gone. Everyone was so____20____and like-minded that it was very____21____to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____22____. We had to____23____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____24____way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to____25____a stairway out of rock. This____26____climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (棲息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never____27____.
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The____28____of knowing that my____29____will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were____30____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to____31____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only____32____part of my tent.
____33____, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____34____. I think I am much____35____for having taken part in the project.
16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy
22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
23. A.drop B. make C. carry D. buy
24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard
26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed
28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story
30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either case
34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
【答案】16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者去年通過網(wǎng)上查詢信息得到去科羅拉多國(guó)家森林當(dāng)志愿者的機(jī)會(huì)，雖然期間作者經(jīng)歷了暴雨中帳篷漏水，為獅子上下山而搭建臺(tái)階的繁重工作等磨難，仍然感謝這個(gè)經(jīng)歷讓自己變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。
【16題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始在網(wǎng)上查詢并且發(fā)現(xiàn)“美國(guó)志愿者”。A. calculate計(jì)算；B. negotiate協(xié)商；C. advertise登廣告；D. research研究。根據(jù)前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在網(wǎng)上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故選D項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：三個(gè)月后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在飛往亞利桑那州鳳凰城的飛機(jī)上。A. imagined想象；B. introduced介紹；C. enjoyed喜歡；D. found發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可知，作者之前還在網(wǎng)上查閱，三個(gè)月后自己就動(dòng)身了。故選D項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三個(gè)月，我很害怕。A. annoyed煩惱的；B. surprised驚訝的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited興奮的。根據(jù)后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一開始很擔(dān)憂。故選C項(xiàng)。
【19題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，到達(dá)15分鐘里我的擔(dān)憂就消失了。A. arriving到達(dá)；B. sleeping睡覺；C. thinking思考；D. walking行走。根據(jù)“feel at home”得知到達(dá)目的地不久，作者就不擔(dān)心了。故選A項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有賓至如家的感覺。A. confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根據(jù)后文“and like-minded”可推斷，作者感覺大家都很友好。故選B項(xiàng)。
【21題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有賓至如家的感覺。A. funny搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸運(yùn)的；D. easy容易的。根據(jù) “that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感覺到家的溫暖很容易。故選D項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我被派往科羅拉多國(guó)家森林開始頭8天的項(xiàng)目。A. tour游覽；B. project項(xiàng)目；C. campaign活動(dòng)；D. course課程。根據(jù)下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，這是在說當(dāng)志愿者的項(xiàng)目，原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
【23題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必須帶上需要的東西走到三英里外我們工作的地方。A. drop掉下；B. make制作；C. carry攜帶；D. buy購(gòu)買。根據(jù)下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他們要背負(fù)著必需品走。故選C項(xiàng)。
【24題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：可能看起來不遠(yuǎn)，但是在35度高溫下，背著沉重的物品，我的腿像是著了火。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long長(zhǎng)的；D. quick快的。根據(jù)前文“walk three miles”可知，作者他們走的路程不遠(yuǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的工作是用巖石建一個(gè)階梯。A. build建造；B. test測(cè)試；C. clean清潔；D. guard保衛(wèi)。根據(jù)下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在獅子棲息地建一個(gè)階梯供獅子攀爬。故選A項(xiàng)。
【26題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著獅子能在山上棲息地通過階梯爬上爬下。A. helped幫助；B. ended結(jié)束；C. allowed允許；D. meant意味。根據(jù)“climbing up and down”可知，臺(tái)階修好了意味著獅子可以爬上爬下。故選D項(xiàng)。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我應(yīng)該說他們只被聽說過，從沒被親眼見過。A. hunted捕獵；B. trained訓(xùn)練；C. seen看到；D. fed喂養(yǎng)。根據(jù)前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前沒有見過。故選C項(xiàng)。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：知道我的作品將會(huì)在未來的幾年里出現(xiàn)在那片山坡上，我的滿足感是巨大的。A. satisfaction滿意；B. ambition雄心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意圖。根據(jù)上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的臺(tái)階成型了，我很滿意。故選A項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：知道我的作品將會(huì)在未來的幾年里出現(xiàn)在那片山坡上，我的滿足感是巨大的。A. work工作，作品；B. memory回憶；C. record記錄；D. story故事。根據(jù)上文的“My job was to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修臺(tái)階是我的工作。故選A項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我們被困在雷雨中。A. left離開；B. caught捉?。籆. attacked襲擊；D. separated分離。根據(jù)下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者他們被困在雷雨中。故選B項(xiàng)。
【31題詳解】
考查形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：溫度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. normal正常的；D. freezing冰凍的。根據(jù)下文“trembling”得知溫度很低。故選D項(xiàng)。
【32題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帳篷干的那一塊地方發(fā)抖。A. tidy干凈的；B. dry干的；C. new新的；D. soft軟的。根據(jù)上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帳篷里進(jìn)了水，作者蜷縮在帳篷干的地方。故選B項(xiàng)。
【33題詳解】
考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：不用說我受了很多苦。A. By the way順便問一下；B. Regardless of that盡管這樣；C. Needless to say 不用說；D. In either case在這兩種情況下。根據(jù)前文給獅子棲息地建造臺(tái)階和下雨天帳篷漏水可知，作者當(dāng)志愿者時(shí)受了很多苦。故選C項(xiàng)。
【34題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：但是我知道不論人生中面對(duì)什么，我都在這，我都活了下來。A. survived生存；B. resisted反抗；C. escaped逃離，抓牢；D. recovered恢復(fù)。根據(jù)上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者認(rèn)為再多苦都可以堅(jiān)持下來，挺過去。故選A項(xiàng)。
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級(jí)詞義辨析。句意：我認(rèn)為因?yàn)閰⒓舆@個(gè)項(xiàng)目我更強(qiáng)壯了。A. smarter更聰明的；B. stronger更強(qiáng)壯的；C. happier更快樂的；D. busier更忙碌的。根據(jù)前文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感覺經(jīng)歷讓他更強(qiáng)壯。故選B項(xiàng)。
【2020?全國(guó)III卷】As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混亂) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was. 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular". After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (應(yīng)對(duì)), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’ be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well
58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves
41-45 BADCD 46-50 ABDBC 51-55 DBCAA 56-60 CDBCA
【導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者是一位生意人，遇到過各種各樣讓人抓狂的顧客，而有一個(gè)難纏的顧客，一開始對(duì)每件事都不滿意，結(jié)果居然成了?？汀Ｗ詈箢櫩透嬖V作者，是因?yàn)樽约汉驼煞蚍志恿耍谑前褮馊龅狡渌松砩?，這讓作者學(xué)到了寶貴的一課，那就是要學(xué)會(huì)淡化和難纏顧客之間的矛盾，不然當(dāng)事情發(fā)展成不愉快的場(chǎng)面時(shí)，結(jié)果只會(huì)毀了每個(gè)人的一天。
41. B。句意：但就像任何一個(gè)你喜歡的人一樣，顧客也會(huì)讓你抓狂。 shopkeepers店主； customers顧客； salespersons售貨員； receptionist接待員。根據(jù)上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此處指的是顧客讓自己抓狂。
42. A。句意：他們會(huì)沖進(jìn)來，說手提包被偷了。 saying說； pretending假裝； guessing猜測(cè)； replying回答。結(jié)合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此處是指說的內(nèi)容應(yīng)用say。
43. D。句意：他們會(huì)發(fā)誓說他們把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一團(tuán)糟，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車?yán)铩?agree同意； promise承諾； imagine想象； swear發(fā)誓。顧客沖進(jìn)作者的店里，信誓旦旦地說自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。
44. C。句意：他們會(huì)發(fā)誓說他們把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一團(tuán)糟，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車?yán)铩?forget忘記； decide決定； discover發(fā)現(xiàn)； assume假設(shè)。結(jié)合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顧客一開始說包忘在了更衣室，結(jié)果最后發(fā)現(xiàn)包一直在他們自己的車?yán)铩?br /> 45. D。句意：他們會(huì)試用商店里一半的商品，只想要一種你沒有那種特別顏色的存貨。 foods食物； catalogues目錄； belongings所有物； goods商品。結(jié)合后文in the shops可知此處指的是商店里的商品。其它選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。
46. A。句意：他們會(huì)試用商店里一半的商品，只想要一種你沒有那種特別顏色的存貨。 particular特別的； different不同的； matching相配的； natural自然的。結(jié)合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顧客試了店里一半的商品，結(jié)果想要的只是那種有特別顏色（particular）沒有存貨的款式。其它選項(xiàng)帶入不符合語(yǔ)境。
47. B。句意：我知道店員會(huì)有多沮喪，但我努力說服他們保持微笑。 fighting打架； smiling微笑； waiting等待； changing改變。結(jié)合上文可知，一些顧客有一些很無厘頭的要求和行為，面對(duì)這種情況，雖然店員會(huì)很沮喪，“但是”一詞邊是轉(zhuǎn)折，與“沮喪”一詞情感色彩相反，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)“微笑”符合句意。
48. D。句意：我還記得我們?cè)贑ovent Garden遇到的第一個(gè)難纏的顧客。 generous慷慨的； polite禮貌的； careless粗心的； difficult難纏的，困難的。結(jié)合后文nothing was right可知這位顧客對(duì)一切都不滿，很難纏。
49. B。句意：她對(duì)每件事都很不滿意，沒有什么是對(duì)的，令我相當(dāng)驚訝的是，她居然成了“常客”。 curious about好奇； displeased with對(duì)……不滿意； patient with對(duì)……有耐心； uncertain about對(duì)……不能肯定。結(jié)合后文nothing was right可知這個(gè)顧客對(duì)一切都不滿意。
50. C。句意：她對(duì)每件事都很不滿意，沒有什么是對(duì)的，令我相當(dāng)驚訝的是，她居然成了“常客”。 relaxed放松的； delighted高興的； surprised驚訝的； embarrassed尷尬的。結(jié)合上下文可知這位顧客對(duì)每件事都不滿意，但是居然成了“常客”，這讓作者感到很驚訝才對(duì)。
51. D。句意：不久，她為自己一開始的行為道歉。 searched搜索； argued爭(zhēng)論； prayed祈禱； apologized道歉。顧客一開始很難纏，對(duì)一切都不滿，結(jié)果后來成了常客，她開始為自己一開始的行為道歉。apologize for“為某事道歉”。
52. B。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，現(xiàn)在一個(gè)人住在一套公寓里，因?yàn)樗X得實(shí)在難以應(yīng)付，就把氣撒在別人身上。 by chance偶然； by herself她獨(dú)自地； on purpose故意地； on duty值班。結(jié)合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顧客和丈夫分居了，因此現(xiàn)在是獨(dú)自住在一套公寓里。
53. C。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，現(xiàn)在一個(gè)人住在一套公寓里，因?yàn)樗X得實(shí)在難以應(yīng)付，就把氣撒在別人身上。 rude粗魯?shù)模?such這樣的； other其他的； lonely寂寞的。結(jié)合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她難以應(yīng)付這樣壓力，于是決定把氣撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。
54. A。句意：這給我上了寶貴的一課，我把它傳授給了在市場(chǎng)上工作的人。 lesson課程，教訓(xùn)； trick詭計(jì)； skill技能； trade貿(mào)易。結(jié)合后文作者的感悟，可知這件事讓作者學(xué)到了寶貴的一課。
55. A。句意：這給我上了寶貴的一課，我把它傳授給了在市場(chǎng)上工作的人。 work工作； shop購(gòu)物； meet會(huì)面； quarrel爭(zhēng)吵。結(jié)合后文in the market可知是指在市場(chǎng)上工作的人。
56. C。句意：別太在意。 kindly親切地； secretly秘密地； personally親自地； casually隨便地。結(jié)合后文作者指出不要讓自我妨礙了你，要淡化這種情緒可知此處作者想說的是不要太在意這些事。短語(yǔ)take it personally“在意，把這些放在心上”。
57. D。句意：也許她的孩子不太好。 ready迅速地； away離開； up向上； well好地。根據(jù)上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此處列舉的是顧客家中有不好的事情發(fā)生的情況。
58. B。句意：一定要淡化它，不要讓你的自我妨礙你。 out of sight看不見； in the way妨礙，擋道； behind the scene幕后； above the law凌駕于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意這些顧客，要淡化這種不好的情緒，不要讓自己的自我妨礙了自己。
59. C。句意：如果你這樣做了，你將無法處理它，整個(gè)事情發(fā)展成一個(gè)不愉快的場(chǎng)面，毀了每個(gè)人的一天。 stress強(qiáng)調(diào)； expect期待； handle處理； blame責(zé)備。結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容主要是在說明如何處理粗魯難纏的顧客的問題。
60. A。句意：如果你這樣做了，你將無法處理它，整個(gè)事情發(fā)展成一個(gè)不愉快的場(chǎng)面，毀了每個(gè)人的一天。 ruins毀滅； makes制作； starts開始； saves拯救。結(jié)合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情發(fā)展成不愉快的場(chǎng)面，那么最終只會(huì)毀了每一個(gè)人的一天。

（2022·河南·高三專題練習(xí)）I learned about life from an ant farm. When I was seven years old, my family 1 an ant farm at home. First, we put clean sand in a thin glass box, and then we brought some ants from the backyard and placed them into the 2 home.
Shortly after the new 3 were dropped into the glass structure, they got to work making tunnels. I was amazed that each one knew 4 what to do. After hours of staring, I realized that the ants had particular given jobs. With my mom’s help, I kept a journal of what happened each day and 5 the ants. My favorite was the biggest, Cinderella. I drew a picture of her in my journal, which I still have.
On day five a disaster 6 the ant farm. While I was observing the ants, I had put my face so close to the structure that I accidentally 7 it over. Unfortunately, my carelessness caused all the tunnels to 8 . Although the ants 9 their earthquake, one by one they began to die. I was 10 as I watched them give up their tunnel-building to carry the bodies to a corner of the farm. My mother explained that the ants were actually dying of “frustration”—feeling annoyed and disappointed as they couldn’t control the situation.They simply could not 11 the reality that their tunnels had been destroyed. Cinderella was the last to die; she did so while carrying a dead ant on her back.
Although much time has passed, I still think of that ant farm. Mom had hoped it would teach me about the natural world, 12 it taught me much more. 13 the years, I came to realize the ants were a study in the benefits of 14 . Working together, they were able to create a(n) 15 world for themselves. I also learned that they should be 16 for their hard work. Day in and day out, each labored at their task. The ant farm demonstrated that teamwork and perseverance are indeed two key 17 for success. But there was an even larger lesson that I did not 18 until recently: Disaster is a natural part of life, and must be 19 . Unlike the ants, humans cannot give up when they face 20 . Unlike the ants, we have to realize that if a tunnel comes down, we just have to build another.
1．A．created B．bought C．ran D．laid
2．A．empty B．new C．strange D．distant
3．A．guests B．settlers C．friends D．members
4．A．probably B．roughly C．exactly D．normally
5．A．named B．trained C．compared D．measured
6．A．a(chǎn)ffected B．struck C．kicked D．beat
7．A．split B．took C．tipped D．handed
8．A．rush out B．break in C．drop out D．falldown
9．A．experienced B．predicted C．faced D．survived
10．A．a(chǎn)nnoyed B．a(chǎn)stonished C．moved D．thrilled
11．A．reflect B．ignore C．confirm D．stand
12．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．so D．or
13．A．In B．For C．From D．Over
14．A．teamwork B．devotion C．responsibility D．organization
15．A．relaxing B．a(chǎn)musing C．moving D．a(chǎn)mazing
16．A．supported B．inspired C．a(chǎn)dmired D．a(chǎn)dmitted
17．A．solutions B．a(chǎn)pproaches C．recipes D．circumstances
18．A．give B．realize C．take D．a(chǎn)dopt
19．A．a(chǎn)ccepted B．suffered C．escaped D．managed
20．A．challenges B．barriers C．pressure D．disappointment
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 16．C 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者通過螞蟻農(nóng)場(chǎng)，感悟到了生活的哲理：生活中要注重團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和堅(jiān)持不懈，當(dāng)然面對(duì)災(zāi)難，面對(duì)失望時(shí)，我們也要意識(shí)到：一條通道坍塌了，我們可以建造另外一條。
1．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我七歲時(shí)，我們家在家里創(chuàng)建了個(gè)螞蟻農(nóng)場(chǎng)。A. created創(chuàng)造；B. bought購(gòu)買；C. ran奔跑；D. laid放置。根據(jù)下文，我們是在自家DIY了一個(gè)螞蟻農(nóng)場(chǎng)，create創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)造，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。
2．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們先在一個(gè)玻璃盒子里鋪了些干凈的沙子，然后從后院弄來一些螞蟻，把它們安置在新家里。A. empty空的；B. new新的；C. strange奇怪的；D. distant疏遠(yuǎn)的。螞蟻們?cè)驹诤笤?，我們把它們移到我們給他們?cè)斓暮凶永?，這是他們的新家。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這些新的定居者被放到玻璃房子里之后不久，它們就開始建隧道。A. guests客人；B. settlers移民，定居者；C. friends朋友；D. members成員。螞蟻是從后院搬到這個(gè)玻璃房子的，它們是這個(gè)玻璃房子的新的定居者。settler意為定居者，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
4．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我很驚訝：每只螞蟻都準(zhǔn)確地知道自己該做什么。A. probably大概，也許；B. roughly粗略地；C. exactly精確地，準(zhǔn)確地；D. normally正常地。根據(jù)上文“they got to work making tunnels”可知，螞蟻搭建隧道有條不紊，每只螞蟻都精確而準(zhǔn)確地知道各自的任務(wù)。故選C項(xiàng)。
5．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在媽媽的幫助下，我將每天發(fā)生的事寫在日記上，并且給這些螞蟻取名字。A. named命名；B. trained培訓(xùn)；C. compared比較；D. measured測(cè)量。根據(jù)下文“My favorite was the biggest, Cinderella”，我最喜歡的螞蟻叫Cinderella,可知作者是在給螞蟻們?nèi)∶帧９蔬xA項(xiàng)。
6．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，悲劇發(fā)生了。A. affected影響；B. struck（疾病，災(zāi)難等的）侵襲，爆發(fā)；C. kicked踢；D. beat擊敗。根據(jù)下文“While I was observing the ants, I had put my face so close to the structure that I accidentally _____it over. ”一天，一場(chǎng)悲劇發(fā)生了，strike意為（疾病，災(zāi)難等的）侵襲，爆發(fā)，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
7．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在觀察螞蟻的時(shí)候，我的臉靠得太近，無意中把這個(gè)玻璃房子弄傾斜了。A. split分裂；B. took拿走；C. tipped傾覆，傾倒；D. handed上交。因?yàn)榭康媒?，不小心將這個(gè)房子（其實(shí)是個(gè)裝螞蟻的玻璃盒子）弄傾斜了。tip意為：（使）傾倒，傾覆，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。
8．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：不幸的是，我的粗心使得所有的隧道都塌了。A. rush out沖出去；B. break in打斷，闖入；C. drop out退學(xué)；D. fall down倒塌。玻璃房子傾斜了，里面沙子制成的隧道也就相應(yīng)地塌了。fall down意為：塌落，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。
9．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然螞蟻們從地震中幸存下來了，但是他們一個(gè)接一個(gè)地開始死去。A. experienced體驗(yàn)；B. predicted預(yù)測(cè)；C. faced面對(duì)；D. survived幸存。根據(jù)下文“one by one they began to die.”可知，房子傾斜，隧道塌落，對(duì)住在里面的螞蟻而言，相當(dāng)于一次地震，他們?cè)诘卣鹬谢钕聛砹?。survive意為：幸存，幸免于難，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。
10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我看著他們放棄所建造的隧道，而將死去的螞蟻的尸體移到農(nóng)場(chǎng)的一個(gè)角落時(shí)，我感到很震驚。A. annoyed惱怒的；B. astonished震驚的；C. moved感動(dòng)的；D. thrilled非常興奮的?？吹剿麄儗⑺廊サ奈浵伆岬轿浵佫r(nóng)場(chǎng)的一角，我感到很驚訝。故選B項(xiàng)。
11．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們只是不能接受這樣的事實(shí)：他們的隧道被摧毀了。 A. reflect反映；B. ignore忽視；C. confirm證實(shí)；D. stand忍受。根據(jù)下文“the reality that their tunnels had been destroyed.”可知，它們無法忍受隧道被摧毀的事實(shí)。stand意為：容忍，忍受（強(qiáng)調(diào)不喜歡），符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。
12．考查連詞辨析。句意：媽媽希望這個(gè)螞蟻農(nóng)場(chǎng)能教會(huì)一些關(guān)于自然界的事，但它教會(huì)我更多的東西。 A. and表并列、遞進(jìn)；B. but表轉(zhuǎn)折；C. so表結(jié)果；D. or表選擇。媽媽的希望跟事實(shí)上螞蟻農(nóng)場(chǎng)教會(huì)我的有出入，之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。
13．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：這些年，我逐漸意識(shí)到螞蟻是研究團(tuán)隊(duì)合作好處的一個(gè)課題。A. In在……里；B. For為了；C. From從……中；D. Over在……期間。這些年，是指跨越這么多年這樣一個(gè)時(shí)間區(qū)間，即在……期間。故選D項(xiàng)。
14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些年，我逐漸意識(shí)到螞蟻是研究團(tuán)隊(duì)合作好處的一個(gè)課題。A. teamwork團(tuán)隊(duì)合作；B. devotion專心；C. responsibility責(zé)任；D. organization組織。根據(jù)上下文，螞蟻搭建隧道是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，后一句話也提到，一起努力工作，他們能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)奇妙的世界，所以說螞蟻是研究團(tuán)隊(duì)合作好處的一個(gè)課題。故選A項(xiàng)。
15．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一起努力工作，他們能給自己創(chuàng)造一個(gè)奇妙的世界。A. relaxing放松的；B. amusing好笑的；C. moving移動(dòng)的；D. amazing奇妙的。小小的螞蟻，其實(shí)團(tuán)結(jié)起來，有大大的能量。他們一起搭造的隧道就是一個(gè)例子，這是一個(gè)奇妙的屬于螞蟻的世界。故選D項(xiàng)。
16．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我也學(xué)到，我們應(yīng)該佩服他們的勤勞。A. supported支持；B. inspired激勵(lì)；C. admired佩服；D. admitted承認(rèn)。我從螞蟻身上學(xué)到了許多，勤勞也是其中之一，這也是他們應(yīng)該被我們所佩服的地方。故選C項(xiàng)。
17．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：螞蟻農(nóng)場(chǎng)表明：團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和堅(jiān)持不懈的確是成功的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵的秘訣。A. solutions解決辦法；B. approaches方式，方法；C. recipes食譜，秘訣；D. circumstances情況。根據(jù)“teamwork and perseverance ”團(tuán)隊(duì)合作加上堅(jiān)持不懈可以給我們帶來成功，所以這兩者是成功的秘訣。故選C項(xiàng)。
18．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是我最近才領(lǐng)會(huì)到一個(gè)更大的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)：災(zāi)難是生活的必然部分，應(yīng)該要接受。A. give給；B. realize意識(shí)到；C. take拿走；D. adopt采納。根據(jù)下文“Disaster is a natural part of life”可知，我直到最近才意識(shí)到一個(gè)更大的人生哲理，realize意為：意識(shí)到，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
19．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是我最近才領(lǐng)會(huì)到一個(gè)更大的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)：災(zāi)難是生活的必然部分，應(yīng)該要接受。A. accepted接受；B. suffered受苦；C. escaped逃離；D. managed設(shè)法做到。根據(jù)“Disaster is a natural part of life”可知，災(zāi)難是人生的必然部分，不可避免，不能逃離，只能接受。故選A項(xiàng)。
20．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：跟螞蟻不一樣，當(dāng)面臨沮喪時(shí)，我們?nèi)祟惒荒芊艞墶?A. challenges挑戰(zhàn)；B. barriers障礙物；C. pressure壓力；D. disappointment失望。根據(jù)上文，螞蟻們的隧道坍塌，螞蟻接受不了，死于沮喪。我們跟螞蟻不一樣，當(dāng)面臨沮喪時(shí)，我們不能放棄。這里disappointment與上文的frustration是近義詞。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2022秋·河南安陽(yáng)·高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí)）I looked at the result of the pregnancy test and found I was pregnant. My heart almost stopped. I was married, but my 21 had just lost his job. I was working in a 22 position, struggling to find permanent, full-time employment. Having a 23 was a “future plan”—and it was supposed to be carried out many years later.
Weeks later, I had a 24 day at work. My bus ran late, my report didn’t save, and I 25 my lunch at home. I started to cry at my desk and 26 into the women’s restroom. I hid in the stall (小隔間), but it was 27 to cover the sound.
Several people entered the room, heard me crying, and left without 28 anything. Then, one older woman to whom I’d 29 spoken several times knocked on the door of the stall and handed me a 30 . I told her everything that had 31 to me. I expected her to imply that I was careless and irresponsible for getting myself into such a dilemma. 32 she gave me a hug and told me everything would 33 . She told me I’d be a wonderful mother, and that my baby would be the 34 of my life.
Later that day, I saw a(n) 35 on my desk. She’d written a note wishing me well and enclosed(隨涵附上) what I 36 was all the cash from her purse. I cried again when I 37 it. This time it was because I was in relief that someone 38 that I’d find a way to make things okay. One of the things I bought with that money was a small Teddy Bear. My son’s a teenager now, but that Teddy Bear is one of my most prized 39 . Whenever I look at it, I’m 40 that hope is the most precious gift of all.
21．A．son B．brother C．father D．husband
22．A．rare B．temporary C．necessary D．typical
23．A．test B．family C．child D．promotion
24．A．terrible B．dangerous C．boring D．busy
25．A．prepared B．finished C．ordered D．left
26．A．wandered B．looked C．dashed D．jumped
27．A．unusual B．impossible C．unimportant D．improper
28．A．doubting B．noticing C．repeating D．saying
29．A．merely B．frequently C．specially D．curiously
30．A．card B．certificate C．tissue D．scarf
31．A．a(chǎn)ppealed B．happened C．a(chǎn)pplied D．belonged
32．A．As B．And C．So D．But
33．A．work out B．turn up C．carry on D．calm down
34．A．duty B．trial C．light D．dream
35．A．brochure B．envelope C．container D．invitation
36．A．a(chǎn)dmitted B．declared C．predicted D．supposed
37．A．found B．refused C．remembered D．chose
38．A．explained B．discovered C．believed D．promised
39．A．possessions B．inventions C．a(chǎn)wards D．a(chǎn)chievements
40．A．taught B．reminded C．guaranteed D．warned
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．C 39．A 40．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述作者在發(fā)現(xiàn)自己懷孕時(shí)，正處于她和丈夫的工作不如意的時(shí)候，正在她考慮不要這個(gè)孩子時(shí)，受到了一位女士的安慰和鼓勵(lì)，最終她留下了孩子，并且很感謝那位女士。
21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我結(jié)婚了，但是我的丈夫失業(yè)了。A. son兒子；B. brother兄弟；C. father父親；D. husband丈夫。根據(jù)下文“had just lost his job.”可知，這里指作者的丈夫。故選D。
22．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我當(dāng)時(shí)在一個(gè)臨時(shí)職位上工作，努力尋找永久的全職工作。A. rare稀有的；B. temporary暫時(shí)的；C. necessary必要的；D. typical典型的。根據(jù)下文“struggling to find permanent, full-time employment.”可知，作者想找到一份永久的全職工作，所以她現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是在做臨時(shí)工。故選B。
23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：生孩子是一個(gè)“未來計(jì)劃”，應(yīng)該在多年后實(shí)施。A. test測(cè)試；B. family家庭；C. child孩子；D. promotion提升。根據(jù)下文“a “future plan”—and it was supposed to be carried out many years later”可知，這里應(yīng)該是指要孩子是將來的事情。故選C。
24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾周后，我在工作中度過了糟糕的一天。A. terrible糟糕的；B. dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；C. boring煩人的；D. busy忙的。根據(jù)下文“My bus ran late, my report didn’t save, and I 　　5　　 my lunch at home.”可知，作者那天諸事不順，所以應(yīng)該是很糟糕的事情。故選A。
25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的公交車晚點(diǎn)了，我的報(bào)告沒有保存下來，我把午飯忘在家里了。A. prepared準(zhǔn)備；B. finished完成；C. ordered命令；D. left落下。根據(jù)上文“My bus ran late, my report didn’t save”可知，這里是列舉作者不順利的事情，所以應(yīng)該是把午飯忘在家里了。故選D。
26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我在書桌前哭了起來，沖進(jìn)了女洗手間。A. wandered漫步；B. looked看；C. dashed沖；D. jumped跳。根據(jù)上文“I started to cry at my desk”可知，這時(shí)候應(yīng)該是作者在傷心難過時(shí)沖進(jìn)了女洗手間。故選C。
27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我躲在小隔間里面，但是無法掩蓋聲音。A. unusual不同尋常的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unimportant不重要的；D. improper不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。根?jù)下文“Several people entered the room, heard me crying”可知，小隔間沒有掩蓋住作者的哭聲。故選B。
28．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)人走進(jìn)房間，聽到我哭了，什么也沒說就走了。A. doubting懷疑；B. noticing注意；C. repeating重復(fù)；D. saying說。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)eft”可知，那幾個(gè)人什么也沒說就走了。故選D。
29．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，一位年長(zhǎng)的女士敲了敲小隔間的門，遞給我一張紙巾。A. merely僅僅；B. frequently頻繁地；C. specially特別地；D. curiously好奇地。根據(jù)下文“spoken several times”可知，她們僅僅說過幾次話。故選A。
30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：見第9題詳解。A. card卡片；B. certificate證件；C. tissue紙巾；D. scarf圍巾。根據(jù)上文“heard me crying”可知，作者在哭，所以那位女士應(yīng)該是遞給她紙巾。故選C。
31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我把發(fā)生在我身上的一切都告訴了她。A. appealed吸引；B. happened發(fā)生；C. applied申請(qǐng)；D. belonged屬于。根據(jù)上文“I told her everything”可知，作者向那位女士?jī)A訴發(fā)生在自己身上的事情。故選B。
32．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但她給了我一個(gè)擁抱，告訴我一切都會(huì)好起來的。A. As因?yàn)?；B. And并且；C. So因此；D. But但是。根據(jù)上下文意思可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D。
33．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：見第12題詳解。A. work out解決；B. turn up出現(xiàn)；C. carry on繼續(xù)；D. calm down冷靜下來。根據(jù)上文“she gave me a hug”可知，那位女士是在安慰作者，所以應(yīng)該是說一切都將會(huì)解決。故選A。
34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她告訴我，我會(huì)成為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的母親，我的孩子將是我生命中的光。A. duty責(zé)任；B. trial試驗(yàn)；C. light光；D. dream夢(mèng)想。根據(jù)上文“She told me I’d be a wonderful mother”下文“of my life”可知，這里指孩子會(huì)是作者生命中的光。故選C。
35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚些時(shí)候，我在桌子上看到一個(gè)信封。A. brochure小冊(cè)子；B. envelope信封；C. container容器；D. invitation邀請(qǐng)。根據(jù)下文“She’d written a note”可知，那位女士給作者留了一封信。故選B。
36．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她寫了一張紙條祝我一切順利，并附上了我認(rèn)為是她錢包里的所有現(xiàn)金。A. admitted承認(rèn)；B. declared宣布；C. predicted預(yù)測(cè)；D. supposed推斷。根據(jù)下文“all the cash from her purse”可知，這是作者推測(cè)的。故選D。
37．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)它的時(shí)候，我又哭了。A. found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B. refused拒絕；C. remembered記得；D. chose選擇。根據(jù)下文“it”可知，這應(yīng)該是當(dāng)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)那位女士的給她的錢時(shí)又哭了。故選A。
38．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這一次是因?yàn)槲宜闪艘豢跉?，有人相信我?huì)找到一種讓事情好轉(zhuǎn)的方法。A. explained解釋；B. discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C. believed相信；D. promised承諾。根據(jù)下文“that I’d find a way to make things okay”可知，這是那位女士相信作者的情況會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的看法。故選C。
39．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我兒子現(xiàn)在十幾歲了，但那只泰迪熊是我最珍貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)之一。A. possessions財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物；B. inventions發(fā)明；C. awards獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D. achievements成就。根據(jù)上文“One of the things I bought with that money was a small Teddy Bear.”可知，那只泰迪熊是作者最珍貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)之一。故選A。
40．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每當(dāng)我看到它，我就會(huì)想起希望是最珍貴的禮物。A. taught教；B. reminded提醒；C. guaranteed保障；D. warned警告。根據(jù)下文“that hope is the most precious gift of all”可知，這是每當(dāng)作者看到那只泰迪熊時(shí)，就會(huì)想起希望是最珍貴的禮物。故選B。
（2023·河南·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）It was June a few years ago right around the Summer Solstice(夏至). The first fireflies (螢火蟲)had appeared, 41 on and off in the woods around my house. What a (n) 42 it was to see them again! How amazing was the natural life! Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to 43 .
As the daylight 44 , I saw some children trying to 45 the fireflies in the dark .A girl went inside and came back with a clear glass bottle. After several 46 attempts, she went to run after another one 47 . Anyway, she was very happy.
All the other children including me were very 48 . We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. Soon the girl’s mom walked to us and told us it was time to set the fireflies 49 . One of the children didn’t 50 . But the girl’s mom 51 that the fireflies would die if left in the 52 . Then she said something that still stays in my 53 to this day, “Let them go so they can share their 54 with the rest of the world!” Finally, we knew the meaning of life.
I 55 in our childhood, we used to sing the song, “This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!” But as adults we find it 56 to do so. We often forget to share.
Don’t 57 your “l(fā)ight”. Don’t keep it in a “bottle”. Share your “l(fā)ight”, no matter how 58 it may be. Let 59 light up your heart and then give it to the whole world. Let the “l(fā)ight” within you 60 the darkness away. Learn from the lightening fireflies. Be loving and willing to share!
41．A．burning B．showing C．flashing D．getting
42．A．scare B．joy C．idea D．honour
43．A．nature B．warmth C．a(chǎn)dults D．children
44．A．came up B．got around C．broke out D．faded away
45．A．touch B．catch C．desert D．observe
46．A．smooth B．simple C．unsuccessful D．inactive
47．A．initially B．a(chǎn)ngrily C．often D．instead
48．A．a(chǎn)fraid B．doubtful C．curious D．calm
49．A．loose B．close C．a(chǎn)lone D．still
50．A．wave B．a(chǎn)gree C．stand D．bend
51．A．complained B．joked C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．explained
52．A．bottle B．house C．a(chǎn)ir D．sky
53．A．book B．yard C．mind D．hand
54．A．light B．sound C．power D．energy
55．A．supported B．considered C．regretted D．remembered
56．A．useless B．hard C．necessary D．good
57．A．pass B．a(chǎn)bsorb C．hide D．share
58．A．colorful B．fast C．long D．weak
59．A．love B．a(chǎn)ttention C．honesty D．modesty
60．A．take B．drive C．give D．put
【答案】41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．B 51．D 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．D 56．B 57．C 58．D 59．A 60．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過講述小女孩的媽媽要孩子們把瓶子里的螢火蟲放歸大自然，讓螢火蟲可以和世界分享他們的光明這個(gè)故事，呼吁人們要像螢火蟲那樣，無論自己的光芒是多么的微弱，也不忘分享，讓愛照亮你的心靈，并奉獻(xiàn)給全世界。
41．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：第一批螢火蟲出現(xiàn)了，在我家周圍的樹林里忽隱忽現(xiàn)。A. burning燃燒；B. showing顯示；C. flashing閃爍；D. getting得到。根據(jù)下文“How amazing the natural life was! Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____3____. (自然界的生命是多么奇妙??！他們的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁對(duì)大自然心存感激。)”可知，晚上的螢火蟲會(huì)發(fā)光閃爍，flashing符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
42．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：再次見到他們是多么高興啊! A. scare驚嚇，恐懼；B. joy喜悅；C. idea想法；D. honor榮譽(yù)。根據(jù)下文“Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____3____. (他們的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁對(duì)大自然心存感激。)”可知，作者看見螢火蟲，內(nèi)心充滿喜悅。故選B。
43．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁對(duì)大自然心存感激。A. nature自然；B. warmth溫暖；C. adults成人；D. children兒童。根據(jù)上文“How amazing the natural life was! (自然界的生命是多么奇妙?。?”，以及本句的前半句Their small light made me smile，作者對(duì)大自然心存感激。故選A。
44．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：天色漸暗，我看見一些孩子在黑暗中捉螢火蟲。A. came up出現(xiàn)；B. got around繞過；C. broke out爆發(fā)；D. faded away消失。根據(jù)句中catch the fireflies in the dark可知，夜幕降臨，故日光逐漸消失。故選D。
45．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A. touch觸摸；B. catch抓?。籆. desert遺棄；D. observe觀察。根據(jù)后文“A girl went inside and came back with a clear glass bottle.”可知，天黑后，孩子們抓螢火蟲。故選B。
46．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾次不成功的嘗試之后，她轉(zhuǎn)而去追另一個(gè)（螢火蟲）。A. smooth平滑的；B. simple簡(jiǎn)單的；C. unsuccessful不成功的；D. inactive不活躍的。根據(jù)句中she went to run after another one instead，以及下一句“Anyway, she was very happy. (不管怎樣，她很高興)”可知，不管抓沒抓到，小女孩很開心，可推知，小女孩的嘗試沒有成功，故選C。
47．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾次不成功的嘗試之后，她轉(zhuǎn)而去追另一個(gè)（螢火蟲）。A. initially最初；B. angrily生氣；C. often經(jīng)常；D. instead代替。根據(jù)前半句After several ____5____ attempts可知，幾次嘗試失敗后，小女孩轉(zhuǎn)而去追捕另一個(gè)螢火蟲，instead符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
48．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：包括我在內(nèi)的其他孩子都很好奇。A. afraid害怕的；B. doubtful懷疑的；C. curious好奇的；D. calm冷靜的。根據(jù)下一句“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. (我們圍在一起，想看螢火蟲在瓶子里發(fā)出的光。)”可知，作者和孩子一樣，都好奇螢火蟲怎么發(fā)光的。故選C。
49．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，小女孩的媽媽走到我們面前，告訴我們是時(shí)候把螢火蟲放出來了。A. loose不受束縛的；B. close關(guān)閉的；C. alone單獨(dú)的；D. still靜止的。根據(jù)下文“But the girl’s mom explained that the fireflies would die if left in the ____9____. (但是女孩的媽媽解釋說，如果把螢火蟲留在瓶子里，它們會(huì)死的。)”以及“‘Let them go so they can share their ____10____ with the rest of the world!’ Finally, we knew the meaning of life. (讓他們走吧，這樣他們就可以和世界分享他們的光明！)”可知，此處考查set sth loose，意為“釋放某物”，與Let them go意思相近，故選A。
50．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一個(gè)孩子不同意。A. wave揮手；B. agree同意；C. stand站著；D. bend彎曲。根據(jù)前文“Soon the girl’s mom walked to us and told us it was time to set the fireflies ____9____ .”可知，小女孩的媽媽走到我們面前，告訴我們是時(shí)候把螢火蟲放出來了，而另外的一個(gè)孩子不同意。故選B。
51．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是女孩的媽媽解釋說，如果把螢火蟲留在瓶子里，它們會(huì)死的。A. complained抱怨；B. joked開玩笑；C. admitted承認(rèn)；D. explained解釋。根據(jù)后文“the fireflies would die if left in the ____12____ .”可知，女孩的媽媽解釋說，如果把螢火蟲留在瓶子里，它們會(huì)死的。故選D。
52．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是女孩的媽媽解釋說，如果把螢火蟲留在瓶子里，它們會(huì)死的。A. bottle瓶子；B. house房子；C. air空氣；D. sky天空。根據(jù)前文“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle.”可知，把螢火蟲留在瓶子里，它們會(huì)死的。故選A。
53．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她說了一句至今仍在我腦海里的話。A. book書；B. yard庭院；C. mind頭腦，智慧；D. hand手。根據(jù)后文““Let them go so they can share their ____14____with the rest of the world!””可知，“讓他們走吧，這樣他們就可以和世界分享他們的光明！”這句話一直存留在作者的腦海里。故選C。
54．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：讓他們走吧，這樣他們就可以和世界分享他們的光明! A. light光；B. sound聲音；C. power功率；D. energy能量。根據(jù)上文“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle.( 我們圍在一起，想看螢火蟲在瓶子里發(fā)出的光。)”可知，女孩的媽媽希望螢火蟲被放歸大自然，使螢火蟲的光能更多地被分享。故選A。
55．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得在我們的童年，我們?cè)?jīng)唱過這首歌，“我的這一點(diǎn)光，我要讓它發(fā)光！”A. supported支持；B. considered考慮；C. regretted后悔；D. remembered記得。根據(jù)空后的in our childhood，以及后一句“But as adults we find it ____12____ to do so. We often forget to share. ”可知，但作為成年人，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做到這一點(diǎn)。我們常常忘記分享。故選D。
56．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但作為成年人，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做到這一點(diǎn)。A. useless無用的；B. hard困難的；C. necessary必要的；D. good好的。根據(jù)上文“I ____11____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!’ (記得在我們的童年，我們?cè)?jīng)唱過這首歌，‘我的這一點(diǎn)光，我要讓它發(fā)光！’)”,下文“We often forget to share.(我們常常忘記分享。)”可知，兒歌表達(dá)的意思是“把自己的光分享給別人”，而長(zhǎng)大后卻做不到分享，因?yàn)榻?jīng)常忘記分享，hard符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
57．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不要隱藏你的“光芒”。A. pass通過；B. absorb吸收；C. hide隱藏；D. share分享。根據(jù)下一句“Don’t keep it in a ‘bottle’. Share your ‘light’, no matter how ____14____ it may be. Let love light up your heart and then give it to the whole world. (不要把它保存在‘瓶子’里。分享你的‘光芒’，不管它有多微弱。讓愛照亮你的心靈，然后把它奉獻(xiàn)給全世界。)”可知，作者想表達(dá)：哪怕只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)光，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的愛，都要記得奉獻(xiàn)給世界，不私藏光芒。故選C。
58．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：分享你的“光芒”，不管它有多微弱。A. colorful富有色彩的；B. fast快的；C. long長(zhǎng)的；D. weak微弱的。“I ____11____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!’ (記得在我們的童年，我們?cè)?jīng)唱過這首歌，‘我的這一點(diǎn)光，我要讓它發(fā)光！’)”可知，每個(gè)人可能只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)光，即只有微弱的光。故選D。
59．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：讓愛照亮你的心靈，然后把它奉獻(xiàn)給全世界。A. love愛；B. attention注意力；C. honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)；D. modesty誠(chéng)實(shí)。根據(jù)后文“Be loving and willing to share!”可知，作者指出讓愛照亮你的心靈，然后把它奉獻(xiàn)給全世界。故選A。
60．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：向發(fā)光的螢火蟲學(xué)習(xí)，讓你內(nèi)心的“光”驅(qū)走黑暗。A. take??；B. drive驅(qū)動(dòng)；C. give給；D. put放。此處考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)drive away，意為“趕跑，使……離去”，我們應(yīng)該像螢火蟲的光照亮黑夜一樣，奉獻(xiàn)我們的內(nèi)心的光，心中的愛，驅(qū)趕走世間的黑暗。故選B項(xiàng)。
（2021·陜西漢中·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）After going through a severe illness, you learn to know what love, faith and beauty really are.
I know this all too well, because I’ve experienced a 61 illness myself. Years ago, I was diagnosed with both breast and liver cancer at the same time, and my entire outlook on life completely 62 . I thought I had it rough after having to raise my daughter alone, but going through cancer made my 63 years seem like heaven. When you suffer from a serious illness like cancer, it makes you wonder what you did to 64 such a thing. 65 , the love of my family helped me to forget my pain. Their love was the greatest reason why I had to 66 the cancer and live. At times, I didn’t think I would make it, but because of the 67 love of my family, I found out who’s there at this most 68 time of my life.
Through it all, not only did I find what love truly means, but I found what true beauty really is. Whether we’ re dealing with an illness or any other 69 feeling about ourselves, we still need to feel 70 on both the outside and inside.
Each passing day I’m allowed to open my eyes, the days are brighter, because I’m able to see and 71 it that much more. True beauty is 72 and when you feel beautiful on the inside, it shows so clearly on the outside. 73 , I could not have done or felt the way I did and still do without my family.
I share my story with others as I hope to have a positive impact 74 those who are ill or just feeling 75 . We should never allow anything to 76 our joy or self-esteem. We can turn something 77 like cancer into something positive if we focus on the great things that come out of it. 78 , it’s at the worst times of our lives 79 the best things can happen.
I truly believe that when we survive a tragedy, it’s for a reason. We all have a purpose, and through that purpose, compassion, strength, faith and true beauty is 80 .
61．A．normal B．serious C．easy D．boring
62．A．changed B．stopped C．kept D．finished
63．A．free B．precious C．previous D．rest
64．A．refuse B．a(chǎn)llow C．cancel D．deserve
65．A．Otherwise B．Besides C．However D．Thus
66．A．fail B．fight C．help D．hold
67．A．selfish B．temporary C．unconditional D．permanent
68．A．valuable B．brilliant C．surprising D．critical
69．A．negative B．optimistic C．sympathetic D．inspiring
70．A．ugly B．beautiful C．frustrated D．guilty
71．A．touch B．hate C．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．a(chǎn)djust
72．A．outside B．obvious C．invisible D．inner
73．A．Honestly B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Evidently
74．A．to B．on C．in D．for
75．A．upset B．delighted C．relieved D．excited
76．A．get B．make C．steal D．protect
77．A．fascinating B．wonderful C．extraordinary D．a(chǎn)wful
78．A．In other words B．In all C．On the contrary D．As a result
79．A．when B．where C．that D．which
80．A．born B．lost C．shared D．spread
【答案】61．B 62．A 63．C 64．D 65．C 66．B 67．C 68．D 69．A 70．B 71．C 72．D 73．D 74．B 75．A 76．C 77．D 78．A 79．C 80．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過講述作者在身患重病后，在家人的幫助下重拾信心，樂觀積極生活的經(jīng)歷，表達(dá)了什么才是真正的愛、信念和美麗。
61．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我非常清楚這一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲易约阂不歼^一場(chǎng)重病。A. normal 正常的；B. serious 嚴(yán)重的；C. easy 容易的；D. boring 無聊的。根據(jù)第一段“After going through a severe illness, you learn to know what love, faith and beauty really are.”（在經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)重病之后，你學(xué)會(huì)了什么是真正的愛、信念和美。）和下一句中的“Years ago, I was diagnosed with both breast and liver cancer at the same time, ”（幾年前，我同時(shí)被診斷出患有乳腺癌和肝癌，）可知，作者經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的疾病。故選B。
62．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年前，我同時(shí)被診斷出患有乳腺癌和肝癌，我對(duì)生活的整個(gè)看法完全改變了。A. changed 改變、變化； B. stopped 停止；C. kept 保持；D. finished 完成。根據(jù)下一句“I thought I had it rough after having to raise my daughter alone, but going through cancer made my 3 years seem like heaven. ”（原以為獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)女兒的日子過得很艱難，但經(jīng)歷癌癥讓我的前幾年看起來像是天堂。）及全文內(nèi)容可知，患病后，作者對(duì)自己生活的看法發(fā)生了改變。故選A。
63．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：原以為獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)女兒的日子過得很艱難，但經(jīng)歷癌癥讓我的前幾年看起來像是天堂。A. free 自由的、免費(fèi)的；B. precious 寶貴的、珍貴的；C. previous 以前的；D. rest 余下的。根據(jù)句中的“after raising my daughter alone”可知，作者在患病前獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)女兒長(zhǎng)大，所以這是指患病前的幾年，即“以前的”幾年。故選C。
64．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你患上像癌癥這樣的嚴(yán)重疾病時(shí)，你會(huì)想知道自己做了什么才會(huì)受到這樣的遭遇。A. refuse 拒絕；B. allow 允許；C. cancel 取消；D. deserve 應(yīng)受、值得。根據(jù)下一句“　5　, the love of my family helped me to forget my pain. ”（然而，家人的愛幫助我忘記了痛苦。）可知，作者患上重病后非常痛苦，所以會(huì)想要知道是不是自己以前做過什么不好的事才會(huì)受到這種不幸。故選D。
65．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，家人的愛幫助我忘記了痛苦。A. Otherwise 否則；B. Besides 此外；C. However 然而；D. Thus 這樣、從而。根據(jù)第上一句“When you suffer from a serious illness like cancer, it makes you wonder what you did to deserve such a thing. ”（當(dāng)你患上像癌癥這樣的嚴(yán)重疾病時(shí)，你會(huì)想知道自己做了什么才會(huì)受到這樣的遭遇。）可知，作者患病后，身心都很痛苦，而本句中所表達(dá)的“家人的愛幫助我忘記了痛苦”與上一句形成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。
66．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的愛是我與癌癥抗?fàn)幉⒒钕聛淼淖畲罄碛伞. fail 失敗；B. fight與……作斗爭(zhēng)、打架；C. help 幫助；D. hold 抓住、保持。根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ive”可知，作者想要活下來，所以就必須與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)。故選B。
67．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)，我認(rèn)為我做不到，但因?yàn)槲业募胰藷o條件的愛，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了在我生命最關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻，在那里守護(hù)我的人。A. selfish 自私的；B. temporary 暫時(shí)的；C. unconditional 無條件的；D. permanent 永久的。根據(jù)第二段的“However, the love of my family helped me to forget my pain. ”（然而，家人的愛幫助我忘記了痛苦。）、“Their love was the greatest reason why I had to fight the cancer and live. ”（他們的愛是我與癌癥抗?fàn)幉⒒钕聛淼淖畲罄碛?。）和第三段“Through it all, not only did I find what love truly means, but I found what true beauty really is. ”（通過這一切，我不僅發(fā)現(xiàn)了愛的真諦，也發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么是真正的美。）并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，作者身患重癥，是家人的愛使她忘記了痛苦、重拾信心與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)，也因此懂得了愛的真諦，所以家人的愛應(yīng)該是無條件的、不求回報(bào)的。故選C。
68．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)，我認(rèn)為我做不到，但因?yàn)槲业募胰藷o條件的愛，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了在我生命最關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻，在那里守護(hù)我的人。A. valuable 珍貴的；B. brilliant 明亮的、輝煌的；C. surprising 令人驚訝的；D. critical 關(guān)鍵的、批判的。根據(jù)前文“Their love was the greatest reason why I had to fight the cancer and live.”（他們的愛是我與癌癥抗?fàn)幉⒒钕聛淼淖畲罄碛?。）可知，作者決定要與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)，爭(zhēng)取存活下來，所以這應(yīng)該是關(guān)系到她生命的最重要、最關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻。故選D。
69．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：無論我們是在應(yīng)對(duì)疾病還是其他負(fù)面情緒，我們?nèi)匀恍枰庠诤蛢?nèi)在都感受到美麗。A. negative 負(fù)面的；B. optimistic 樂觀的；C. sympathetic 同情的；D. inspiring 鼓舞人心的。根據(jù)句中“an illness or any other 9 feeling about ourselves”可知，空處應(yīng)該也是指和疾病一樣的其它不好的感受，即負(fù)面情緒。故選A。
70．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：無論我們是在應(yīng)對(duì)疾病還是其他負(fù)面情緒，我們?nèi)匀恍枰庠诤蛢?nèi)在都感受到美麗。A. ugly 丑陋的；B. beautiful 美麗的；C. frustrated 沮喪的；D. guilty 有罪的、內(nèi)疚的。根據(jù)上一句“Through it all, not only did I find what love truly means, but I found what true beauty really is.”（通過這一切，我不僅發(fā)現(xiàn)了愛的真諦，也發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么是真正的美。）和第四段“True beauty is 　12　and when you feel beautiful on the inside, it shows so clearly on the outside.”（真正的美是內(nèi)在的，當(dāng)你覺得內(nèi)在美時(shí)，美麗也會(huì)在你的外在清晰地表現(xiàn)出來。）可知，作者患病后發(fā)現(xiàn)了由內(nèi)而外的真正的美，即便是我們?cè)趹?yīng)對(duì)疾病或負(fù)面情緒時(shí)，也應(yīng)該要感受這種美。故選B。
71．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每過一天，當(dāng)我可以睜開眼睛的時(shí)候，日子就會(huì)變得更加明亮，因?yàn)槲夷芸吹礁?，也更能欣賞它。A. touch 觸摸；B. hate 憎恨；C. appreciate 欣賞、感激；D. adjust 調(diào)整。根據(jù)句中“the days are brighter”和下一句“True beauty is 　12　and when you feel beautiful on the inside, it shows so clearly on the outside.”（真正的美是內(nèi)在的，當(dāng)你內(nèi)心感到美麗時(shí)，美也會(huì)在你的外在清晰地表現(xiàn)出來。）可知，只要能夠睜開雙眼，就能看到更多，也會(huì)發(fā)自內(nèi)心地去欣賞，這樣日子就會(huì)更加明亮，內(nèi)心就會(huì)感到美麗，整個(gè)人看起來也會(huì)更美。故選C。
72．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：真正的美是內(nèi)在的，當(dāng)你覺得內(nèi)在美時(shí)，美麗也會(huì)在你的外在清晰地表現(xiàn)出來。A. outside 外邊的；B. obvious 明顯的；C. invisible 看不見的；D. inner 內(nèi)在的。根據(jù)句中“when you feel beautiful on the inside, it shows so clearly on the outside. ”可知，當(dāng)你內(nèi)心感到美麗時(shí)，外在也會(huì)變得美麗，說明真正的美是內(nèi)在的。故選D。
73．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，如果沒有我的家人，我不可能做到或感受到我現(xiàn)在所做的一切。A. Honestly 真誠(chéng)地；B. Surprisingly 令人驚訝地；C. Unfortunately 不幸地；D. Evidently 顯然、明顯地。根據(jù)第二段“At times, I didn’t think I would make it, but because of the unconditiojnal love of my family, I found out who’s there at this most critical time of my life.”（有時(shí)，我認(rèn)為我做不到，但因?yàn)槲业募胰藷o條件的愛，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了在我生命最關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻，在那里守護(hù)我的人。）和本句中“I could not have done or felt the way I did and still do without my family.”可知，因?yàn)榧胰藷o條件的愛，使作者做到了她以為自己不可能做到的事，這是顯而易見的。故選D。
74．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我與他人分享我的故事，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ麑?duì)那些生病或只是感到心煩的人產(chǎn)生積極的影響。A. to 給、朝；B. on 在上面；have an impact on 對(duì)……有影響；C. in 在里面；D. for 為了、給。固定搭配have an impact on 意為：對(duì)……有影響，故have a positive impact on表示“對(duì)……產(chǎn)生積極的影響”，符合句意，故空處應(yīng)該為介詞on。故選B。
75．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我與他人分享我的故事，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ麑?duì)那些生病或只是感到心煩的人產(chǎn)生積極的影響。A. upset 心煩的、不安的；B. delighted 高興的；C. relieved 放心的、寬慰的；D. excited 激動(dòng)的、興奮的。根據(jù)句中的“who are feel ill or just feeling”可知，空處應(yīng)該是與“ill”一樣不好的感覺。故選A。
76．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們不應(yīng)該讓任何事情偷走我們的快樂和自尊。A. get 得到；B. make 制造；C. steal 偷；D. protect 保護(hù)。根據(jù)上一句“I share my story with others as I hope to have a positive impact on those who are ill or just feeling upset.”（我與他人分享我的故事，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ麑?duì)那些生病或只是感到心煩的人產(chǎn)生積極的影響。）可知，作者希望能夠?qū)δ切┥』蛐臒┑娜似鸬椒e極的作用，讓他們感受到快樂和自尊，所以不會(huì)讓任何事情把這些偷走，這里“偷走”比較符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
77．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們關(guān)注事情帶來的好處，就能把像癌癥這種可怕的事情變成積極的事情。A. fascinating 迷人的；B. wonderful 精彩的；C. extraordinary 非凡的、卓越的；D. awful 糟糕的、可怕的。根據(jù)句中“l(fā)ike cancer”可知，這里指的是像癌癥一樣可怕的、糟糕的事情。故選D。
78．考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：換句話說，在我們生命中最糟糕的時(shí)候，最好的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生。A. In other words 換句話說；B. In all 總共、合計(jì)；C. On the contrary 相反、反之；D. As a result 因此。根據(jù)上一句“We can turn something awful like cancer into something positive if we focus on the great things that come out of it.”（如果我們關(guān)注事情帶來的好處，就能把像癌癥這種可怕的事情變成積極的事情。）可知，在我們生命中最糟糕的時(shí)候，如果我們能夠關(guān)注積極的一面，就有可能發(fā)生最好的事情，所以本句是對(duì)上一句的另一種說法。故選A。
79．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：換句話說，在我們生命中最糟糕的時(shí)候，最好的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生。A. when 當(dāng)……時(shí)候、在這/那時(shí)，可引導(dǎo)從句；B. where 在哪里、在這/那里，可引導(dǎo)從句；C. that 可引導(dǎo)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句；D. which 哪一個(gè)、哪一些，可引導(dǎo)從句。分析句中“it’s at the worst times of our lives 　19　 the best things can happen.”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)“at the worst times of our lives”，應(yīng)用連詞that。故選C。
80．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，通過這個(gè)目標(biāo)，同情、力量、信念和真正的美就會(huì)誕生。A. born 出生、誕生；B. lost 失去、丟失；C. shared 分享；D. spread 傳播。根據(jù)第一段“After going through a severe illness, you learn to know what love, faith and beauty really are.”（在經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)重病之后，你學(xué)會(huì)了什么是真正的愛、信念和美。）及前文的“We can turn something awful like cancer into something positive if we focus on the great things that come out of it. ”（如果我們關(guān)注事情帶來的好處，就能把像癌癥這種可怕的事情變成積極的事情。）和“In other words, it’s at the worst times of our lives that the best things can happen.”（換句話說，在我們生命中最糟糕的時(shí)候，最好的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生。）可知，作者在身患重病后，樂觀積極地面對(duì)，真正的愛、信念和美也隨之而生，使作者懂得了其中的真諦。故選A。
（2022·陜西西安·統(tǒng)考一模）If you want to achieve your dream, there is no choice but hard work.
Once upon a time a boy in 81 clothes full of patches ran to ask a successful building contractor(承包商) on a construction site, “How could I become as 82 as you when I grow up?”
With a 83 at the boy, the contractor responded, “There is a story about three diggers. The first digger liked holding a spade without doing anything but say that he wanted to be a (n) 84 in the future. The second always liked 85 about the work and his low 86 . The third digger liked 87 devoting himself to digging. Many years later, the first was still holding his spade in the 88 place and the second looked for an excuse for early 89 . Only the third became a boss. Do you understand the 90 of this story? Just go to purchase a 91 shirt and work hard.”
The little boy was 92 . So he asked the contractor to explain further. 93 the working builders, the contractor replied, “Look at my workers! I can’t remember all their names, and even I have no 94 of some of them. Most of them wear blue shirts. But if you look 95 , you will notice a sunburned man in red. He seems to be working harder than others. He is always the first one to arrive while the last one to leave. It is exactly his red shirt that makes him 96 . Soon he will be 97 to my assistant. You know, that is also how I get where I am now. I worked hard and wore a striped shirt. My boss 98 me. I also became what he was like eventually.”
Success can only 99 action. Working hard is all winners’ shared 100 for achieving their dreams.
81．A．formal B．new C．ragged D．elegant
82．A．strong B．wealthy C．creative D．responsible
83．A．hit B．wave C．shout D．glance
84．A．boss B．a(chǎn)rchitect C．a(chǎn)ssistant D．designer
85．A．explaining B．complaining C．thinking D．learning
86．A．salary B．intelligence C．spirit D．a(chǎn)bility
87．A．obviously B．freely C．quietly D．a(chǎn)ngrily
88．A．suitable B．ideal C．remote D．original
89．A．retirement B．payment C．a(chǎn)rrival D．development
90．A．importance B．moral C．quality D．people
91．A．brown B．yellow C．red D．blue
92．A．embarrassed B．disappointed C．grateful D．puzzled
93．A．Pointing to B．Coming to C．Speaking to D．Referring to
94．A．description B．impression C．expression D．information
95．A．doubtfully B．frequently C．carefully D．regularly
96．A．give out B．stand out C．turn out D．figure out
97．A．sent B．refused C．promoted D．fired
98．A．noticed B．scolded C．ignored D．praised
99．A．come about B．a(chǎn)ccount for C．suffer from D．result from
100．A．experience B．reward C．a(chǎn)ttempt D．consequence
【答案】81．C 82．B 83．D 84．A 85．B 86．A 87．C 88．D 89．A 90．B 91．C 92．D 93．A 94．B 95．C 96．B 97．C 98．A 99．D 100．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一個(gè)男孩向一個(gè)成功的建筑承包商請(qǐng)教成功的秘訣，這個(gè)承包商告訴他努力是所有贏家實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的必經(jīng)之路。
81．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從前，一個(gè)穿著滿是補(bǔ)丁的破爛衣服的男孩跑去問一個(gè)建筑工地上成功的建筑承包商：“我長(zhǎng)大后怎么能像你一樣富有？”A. formal正規(guī)的；B. new新的；C. ragged破舊的，襤褸的；D. elegant優(yōu)美的。根據(jù)空后的“full of patches”可知，小男孩衣衫襤褸。故選C。
82．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A. strong強(qiáng)壯的；B. wealthy富裕的；C. creative創(chuàng)造性的；D. responsible負(fù)責(zé)的。根據(jù)上文中的“a successful building contractor(承包商)”可知，這位承包商很成功，所以他很有錢。故選B。
83．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：承包商瞥了一眼男孩，回答道。A. hit擊，打；B. wave揮手；C. shout呼喊；D. glance一瞥。根據(jù)第二段中的“ran to ask”可知，男孩是跑過去詢問承包商的，這引起了承包商的注意，所以承包商應(yīng)是先瞥一眼這個(gè)男孩。故選D。
84．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第一個(gè)挖掘者喜歡拿著鐵鍬什么也不做，只說他將來想當(dāng)老板。A. boss老板；B. architect建筑師；C. assistant助理；D. designer設(shè)計(jì)師。根據(jù)下文中的“became a boss”可知，這里是boss的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A。
85．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：第二個(gè)挖掘者總是喜歡抱怨工作和他的工資低。A. explaining解釋；B. complaining抱怨；C. thinking認(rèn)為；D. learning學(xué)習(xí)?？蘸蟮摹癮bout the work and his low ____6____”表明這里是抱怨工作和工資低。故選B。
86．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A. salary工資；B. intelligence智力；C. spirit精神；D. ability能力。根據(jù)空前的“l(fā)ow”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，這里是說低工資。故選A。
87．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：第三個(gè)挖掘者喜歡安靜地致力于挖掘。A. obviously顯然地；B. freely自由地；C. quietly安靜地；D. angrily生氣地。根據(jù)前兩句“The first digger liked holding a spade without doing anything but say...The second always liked...(第一個(gè)挖掘者喜歡拿著鐵鍬什么也不做，只說他將來想當(dāng)老板。第二個(gè)挖掘者總是喜歡抱怨工作和他的工資低。)”可知，相比于第一個(gè)挖掘者只說大話卻不干活和第二個(gè)挖掘者總是抱怨，第三個(gè)挖掘者是在安靜地做事情。故選C。
88．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：許多年后，第一個(gè)挖掘者仍然在原來的地方拿著鐵鍬，第二個(gè)則為提前退休尋找借口。A. suitable合適的；B. ideal理想的；C. remote遙遠(yuǎn)的；D. original原來的。根據(jù)句中的“was still holding his spade”可知，這里是說第一個(gè)挖掘者和多年前一樣，在老地方干著同樣的事情。故選D。
89．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A. retirement退休；B. payment支付；C. arrival到達(dá)；D. development發(fā)展。根據(jù)空前的“l(fā)ooked for an excuse for early”可知，這里是說找借口提前退休。故選A。
90．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你明白這個(gè)故事的寓意嗎？A. importance重要；B. moral寓意；C. quality品質(zhì)；D. people人們。根據(jù)上文“There is a story about three diggers.(有一個(gè)關(guān)于三個(gè)挖掘者的故事。)”可知，講三個(gè)挖掘者的故事是為了告訴男孩故事的寓意。故選B。
91．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：去買一件紅襯衫，然后努力工作。A. brown棕色的；B. yellow黃色的；C. red紅色的；D. blue藍(lán)色的。根據(jù)下文中的“his red shirt”可知，這里是red的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C。
92．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩很困惑。A. embarrassed尷尬的；B. disappointed失望的；C. grateful感激的；D. puzzled困惑的。根據(jù)下句“So he asked the contractor to explain further.(因此，他請(qǐng)求承包商進(jìn)一步解釋。)”可知，小男孩沒有明白承包商的意思。故選D。
93．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：承包商指著正在施工的建筑工人回答說。A. Pointing to指向；B. Coming to來到；C. Speaking to對(duì)……說話；D. Referring to談及。根據(jù)下文中的“Look at my workers!(看看我的工人！)”可知，這里是用手指著工人。故選A。
94．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我記不清他們所有的名字，我甚至對(duì)其中一些人沒有印象。A. description描述；B. impression印象；C. expression表達(dá)；D. information信息。根據(jù)句中的“I can’t remember all their names”和空前的“even”可知，承包商對(duì)一些人沒印象。故選B。
95．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但如果你仔細(xì)觀察，你會(huì)注意到一個(gè)被曬傷的紅衣男子。A. doubtfully懷疑地；B. frequently頻繁地；C. carefully小心地，仔細(xì)地；D. regularly定期地。根據(jù)上句“Most of them wear blue shirts.(他們大多穿藍(lán)色襯衫。)”和空后的“you will notice a sunburned man in red”可知，在穿藍(lán)色的工人中看到一位穿紅衣的人，這需要認(rèn)真觀察。故選C。
96．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：正是他的紅襯衫使他脫穎而出。A. give out發(fā)放；B. stand out突出，顯眼；C. turn out證明是；D. figure out弄清楚。根據(jù)句中的“exactly his red shirt”并結(jié)合上文可知，在一群身穿藍(lán)衣的工人中間，穿紅衣的男子早到晚歸地工作，這很顯眼。故選B。
97．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不久他將被提升為我的助理。A. sent發(fā)送；B. refused拒絕；C. promoted提升；D. fired解雇。根據(jù)空后的“to my assistant”可知，這里是說這位紅衣男子升職了。故選C。
98．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的老板注意到了我。A. noticed注意到；B. scolded斥責(zé)；C. ignored忽視；D. praised表?yè)P(yáng)。根據(jù)上句“I worked hard and wore a striped shirt.(我努力工作，并且穿了一件條紋襯衫。)”可知，他的穿著和其他工人有區(qū)分，而且努力干活，所以得到了老板的注意。故選A。
99．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：成功只能來自行動(dòng)。A. come about發(fā)生；B. account for解釋，導(dǎo)致；C. suffer from遭受；D. result from由……產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)文章第一段“If you want to achieve your dream, there is no choice but hard work.(如果你想實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想，除了努力工作別無選擇。)”可知，本文通過這則小故事主要想告訴讀者的是：成功源自行動(dòng)。故選D。
100．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：努力工作是所有獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邔?shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的共同經(jīng)歷。A. experience經(jīng)歷；B. reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；C. attempt企圖；D. consequence結(jié)果。根據(jù)空后的“for achieving their dreams”可知，這里是說成功者實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想都要經(jīng)歷努力工作。故選A。
（2023·陜西西安·陜西師大附中?？级＃〢n old farmer had lived on the same farm all his life. It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but with the passing of the years, the farmer began to think that maybe there was something 101 for him. Every day he found a new 102 for criticizing some feature of his old farm. Finally, he decided to 103 it. He listed the farm with a broker (經(jīng)紀(jì)人) who quickly 104 an advertisement emphasizing all the 105 of the farm.
When the broker read the ad. to the farmer for his 106 to place it in the local paper, the farmer listened 107 . When the broker had finished, the farmer cried out, “Hold everything. I’ve changed my 108 . I’ve been looking for such a place all my life!”
I think you’ll 109 that each of us, from time to time, 110 about things such as our home, our car, or our job. As human beings, it is 111 to want the best things in life.
The next time you find yourself 112 the relationship you have with your family, a neighbor or a friend, don’t worry. Human relationships have their ups and downs, so it is natural to 113 at times if you might get on well with someone else. If you ever find yourself in this mood, sit down in a 114 place and write an “obituary (訃告)” for that 115 . Experience the powerful emotions that will surely overcome you when you 116 having to sum up a loved one’s life in a few paragraphs that could 117 a newspaper obituary. Notice how easy it is to come up with nice things to say about the person. Notice how much 118 there “was” in this person. Some day you may actually have to 119 this exercise “for real”, wipe the tears and then go and spend quality time with that person. 120 the moment and realize how lucky you are to have such a person.
101．A．cheaper B．better C．briefer D．easier
102．A．example B．method C．reason D．place
103．A．move B．give C．sell D．keep
104．A．found B．placed C．a(chǎn)nswered D．prepared
105．A．information B．a(chǎn)dvantages C．sides D．history
106．A．interest B．decision C．a(chǎn)ttempt D．a(chǎn)pproval
107．A．happily B．carefully C．proudly D．consciously
108．A．suggestion B．style C．question D．mind
109．A．a(chǎn)gree B．state C．prove D．predict
110．A．worries B．thinks C．talks D．complains
111．A．popular B．suitable C．vital D．natural
112．A．a(chǎn)nalyzing B．questioning C．exploiting D．developing
113．A．forgive B．a(chǎn)pologize C．wonder D．learn
114．A．safe B．quiet C．familiar D．convenient
115．A．friend B．broker C．farmer D．person
116．A．a(chǎn)void B．a(chǎn)dopt C．imagine D．oppose
117．A．a(chǎn)dd up B．hand in C．put up with D．fit in with
118．A．goodness B．power C．energy D．effect
119．A．go through B．subscribe to C．set down D．decide on
120．A．Grasp B．Save C．Enjoy D．Expect
【答案】101．B 102．C 103．C 104．D 105．B 106．D 107．B 108．D 109．A 110．D 111．D 112．B 113．C 114．B 115．D 116．C 117．D 118．A 119．A 120．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述的是很多人對(duì)擁有的東西不知道珍惜，直到失去了才知道它的珍貴。
101．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這確實(shí)是一個(gè)土壤肥沃的好農(nóng)場(chǎng)，但隨著時(shí)間的流逝，農(nóng)夫開始想也許有更好的地方適合他。A. cheaper便宜的；B. better較好的；C. briefer更短的；D. easier更簡(jiǎn)單的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及上文中的“It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but”和下文中的“As human beings, it is ____11____ to want the best things in life.”可知，此處應(yīng)表示“更好的”地方適合他。故選B項(xiàng)。
102．2. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天他都找到新的理由來批評(píng)他的老農(nóng)場(chǎng)的一些特點(diǎn)。A. example例子，榜樣；B. method方法；C. reason原因；D. place地方。根據(jù)上文中的“An old farmer had lived on the same farm all his life. It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but with the passing of the years, the farmer began to think that maybe there was something ____1____ for him.”可知，這位老農(nóng)民想要更好的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，所以此處指的是每天找一些批評(píng)舊農(nóng)場(chǎng)的“理由”。故選C項(xiàng)。
103．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他決定賣掉它。A. move移動(dòng)；B. give給予；C. sell售賣；D. keep保持。根據(jù)下文中的“He listed the farm with a broker (經(jīng)紀(jì)人)”可知，他把農(nóng)場(chǎng)交給了經(jīng)紀(jì)人，由此可知，此處指的是最終要“賣”了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
104．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他向一位經(jīng)紀(jì)人(經(jīng)紀(jì)人)介紹了這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，這位經(jīng)紀(jì)人迅速準(zhǔn)備了一則廣告，強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的所有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。A. found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B. placed放置；C. answered回答；D. prepared準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及下文中的“When the broker read the ad. to the farmer”可知，經(jīng)紀(jì)人把廣告讀給農(nóng)民聽，由此可推斷，此處指的是“準(zhǔn)備”售賣農(nóng)場(chǎng)的廣告。故選D項(xiàng)。
105．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他向一位經(jīng)紀(jì)人介紹了這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，這位經(jīng)紀(jì)人迅速準(zhǔn)備了一則廣告，強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的所有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。A. information信息；B. advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)；C. sides邊，面；D. history歷史。根據(jù)常識(shí)，要售賣農(nóng)場(chǎng)，應(yīng)該是強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”。故選B項(xiàng)。
106．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)經(jīng)紀(jì)人把廣告念給農(nóng)場(chǎng)主聽，征求他的同意，讓他把廣告登在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上時(shí)，農(nóng)場(chǎng)主仔細(xì)地聽著。A. interest興趣；B. decision決定；C. attempt嘗試；D. approval同意，贊成。根據(jù)下文中的“to place it in the local paper”可知，經(jīng)紀(jì)人要把廣告發(fā)布到當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙，要征得農(nóng)民的“同意”。故選D項(xiàng)。
107．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)經(jīng)紀(jì)人把廣告念給農(nóng)場(chǎng)主聽，征求他的同意，讓他把廣告登在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上時(shí)，農(nóng)場(chǎng)主仔細(xì)地聽著。A. happily快樂地；B. carefully仔細(xì)地；C. proudly驕傲的D. consciously有意識(shí)地。根據(jù)上文中的“When the broker read the ad. to the farmer for his ____6____ to place it in the local paper”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，經(jīng)紀(jì)人給農(nóng)民念出售農(nóng)場(chǎng)廣告，并要放到當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上時(shí)，農(nóng)民應(yīng)該是“仔細(xì)地”聽著，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
108．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)經(jīng)紀(jì)人念完后，農(nóng)夫喊道：“把所有的都收起來。我改變主意了。我一生都在尋找這樣的地方!”A. suggestion建議；B. style風(fēng)格；C. question問題；D. mind思想，主意。根據(jù)下文中的“I’ve been looking for such a place all my life!””可知，農(nóng)場(chǎng)主聽完廣告后，說這是他一生在尋找的地方，由此可推斷，他應(yīng)該是不想賣農(nóng)場(chǎng)了，所以此處指的是改變了“注主意”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
109．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想你會(huì)同意，我們每個(gè)人都會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)地抱怨一些事情，比如我們的家、我們的車或我們的工作。A. agree同意；B. state陳述；C. prove證明；D. predict預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)下文中的“each of us, from time to time, ____10____ about things such as our home, our car, or our job.”可知，根據(jù)上文介紹的農(nóng)民賣農(nóng)場(chǎng)的故事可知，作者認(rèn)為大家應(yīng)該都“同意”我們每一個(gè)人時(shí)常抱怨我們的家、我們的車或者我們的工作。故選A項(xiàng)。
110．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想你會(huì)同意，我們每個(gè)人都會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)地抱怨一些事情，比如我們的家、我們的車或我們的工作。A. worries擔(dān)憂；B. thinks認(rèn)為；C. talks談?wù)摚籇. complains抱怨。根據(jù)上文中關(guān)于農(nóng)民賣農(nóng)場(chǎng)的故事可知，時(shí)間久了，農(nóng)民對(duì)本來不錯(cuò)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)心生不滿，決定要賣掉它，由此可知，此處指的是“抱怨”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
111．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為人類，想要生活中最好的東西是很自然的。A. popular受歡迎的；B. suitable合適的；C. vital至關(guān)重要的；D. natural自然的。根據(jù)下文中的“to want the best things in life.”以及上文的故事可知，作為人類，在生活中想要最好的東西是“自然的”事情。故選D項(xiàng)。
112．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：下次當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在質(zhì)疑你與家人、鄰居或朋友的關(guān)系時(shí)，別擔(dān)心。A. analyzing分析；B. questioning質(zhì)疑；C. exploiting利用；D. developing開發(fā)。根據(jù)下文中的“Human relationships have their ups and downs, so it is natural to ____13____ at times if you might get on well with someone else.”可知，人際關(guān)系有起有落，所以此處指的是“質(zhì)疑”與家人、；鄰居或者朋友的關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。
113．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人際關(guān)系有起有落，所以有時(shí)很自然地想知道你是否能和別人相處得很好。A. forgive寬?。籅. apologize道歉；C. wonder想知道D. learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)上文中的“Human relationships have their ups and downs”和下文中的“if you might get on well with someone else.”可知，此處指的是“想知道”是否與別人相處的很好。故選C項(xiàng)。
114．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于這種情緒，找個(gè)安靜的地方坐下，為那個(gè)人寫一篇“訃告”。A. safe安全的；B. quiet安靜的；C. familiar熟悉D. convenient方便的。根據(jù)上文中的“If you ever find yourself in this mood”以及下文中的“write an “obituary (訃告)””可知，在心情不好的時(shí)候，寫訃告應(yīng)該是找個(gè)“安靜的”地方符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
115．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于這種情緒，找個(gè)安靜的地方坐下，為那個(gè)人寫一篇“訃告”。A. friend朋友；B. broker經(jīng)紀(jì)人；C. farmer農(nóng)民；D. person人。根據(jù)下文中的“Notice how easy it is to come up with nice things to say about the person.”可知，此處指的是給“人”寫訃告。故選D項(xiàng)。
116．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你想象自己必須用幾段文字來總結(jié)所愛之人的一生時(shí)，這種強(qiáng)烈的情感肯定會(huì)壓倒你。A. avoid避免；B. adopt釆納；C. imagine想象；D. oppose反對(duì)。根據(jù)上文中的“If you ever find yourself in this mood, sit down in a ____14____ place and write an “obituary (訃告)” for that ____15____ .”可知，此處指的是假象為“人”寫訃告，所以此處應(yīng)是“想象”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。
117．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你想象自己必須用幾段文字來總結(jié)所愛之人的一生時(shí)，這種強(qiáng)烈的情感肯定會(huì)壓倒你。A. add up加起來；B. hand in上交；C. put up with忍受；D. fit in with與……協(xié)調(diào)，融入其中。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處指想象用與報(bào)紙中的訃告“相協(xié)調(diào)”的幾段文字來總結(jié)所愛人的一生，以此來創(chuàng)造一種逼真的場(chǎng)景去體會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)。
118．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：注意，說一些關(guān)于這個(gè)人的好話是多么容易。A. goodness美德；B. power權(quán)力，力量；C. energy精力；D. effect影響。根據(jù)上文中的“Notice how easy it is to come up with nice things to say about the person.”可知，此處指的是“美德”與上文中的nice相吻合。故選A項(xiàng)。
119．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：有一天，你可能真的要“真的”經(jīng)歷這個(gè)練習(xí)，擦干眼淚，然后和那個(gè)人共度美好時(shí)光。A. go through經(jīng)歷；B. subscribe to同意；C. set down記下，寫下；D. decide on決定。根據(jù)上文中的“Experience the powerful emotions that will surely overcome you”可知，此處指的是去“經(jīng)歷”真實(shí)的失去某人時(shí)的場(chǎng)景。故選A項(xiàng)。
120．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：享受當(dāng)下，意識(shí)到擁有這樣一個(gè)人是多么的幸運(yùn)。A. Grasp掌握；B. Save拯救；C. Enjoy喜歡，欣賞；D. Expect期望。根據(jù)上文中的“wipe the tears and then go and spend quality time with that person.”可知，作者建議去和那個(gè)人去度過美好的時(shí)光，所以此處應(yīng)為“享受”當(dāng)下的時(shí)光，珍惜現(xiàn)在的時(shí)光。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2023·河南鄭州·統(tǒng)考三模）Standing on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but feel surprised at the thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from 121 surfaces, their edges softening over time. I wonder, “Can we learn from a pile of rocks?”
Even the tallest mountains have 122 ; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock, I’ve found my 123 has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.
124 , I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and I’m more 125 . I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can 126 together.
But I’m not a 127 . I’m a human filled with all the drama built into my DNA．
Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask several young men to 128 for not wearing masks. Not 129 and not rude. On the door read a sign, “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can to 130 this together.”
The group of young men wanted to 131 about the note. I sat at the restaurant watching, understanding both sides. I’ve been one of them before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (削弱) the world. What I lost, 132 , was the ability to grow from 133 by looking through the eyes of others. In learning to be more 134 , I’ve also found more happiness and success.
You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to 135 and make room for others, while the latter never give an 136 to accommodate others.
137 , like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to 138 the world from someone else’s point of view.
I placed a 139 stone into my jacket pocket. Mother Nature is holding a 140 again.
121．A．fragile B．shiny C．smooth D．hard
122．A．piled up B．worn down C．risen up D．broken down
123．A．will B．voice C．a(chǎn)ttitude D．heart
124．A．Still B．Often C．Here D．Once
125．A．understanding B．confident C．patient D．competitive
126．A．contribute B．exist C．work D．develop
127．A．fool B．soul C．rock D．judge
128．A．explain B．leave C．a(chǎn)pologize D．pay
129．A．contradictory B．confusing C．forceful D．discouraging
130．A．get through B．stick to C．deal with D．fight against
131．A．think B．care C．talk D．a(chǎn)rgue
132．A．even B．however C．a(chǎn)nyway D．a(chǎn)lso
133．A．hardships B．struggle C．experiences D．failure
134．A．open B．cautious C．a(chǎn)mbitious D．independent
135．A．ignore B．a(chǎn)ccept C．a(chǎn)djust D．change
136．A．excuse B．a(chǎn)greement C．entrance D．inch
137．A．Nature B．Tolerance C．Tide D．Time
138．A．reforming B．seeing C．exploring D．travelling
139．A．sharp B．rounded C．valuable D．rolling
140．A．class B．belief C．meeting D．discussion
【答案】121．D 122．B 123．C 124．D 125．A 126．B 127．C 128．B 129．C 130．A 131．D 132．B 133．C 134．A 135．C 136．D 137．D 138．B 139．B 140．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在湖邊觀石的時(shí)候，聯(lián)想到自己之前的經(jīng)歷，感悟人恰如巖石，被時(shí)間磨平棱角，在時(shí)間中變得更為開闊寬廣。
121．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它們都是由堅(jiān)硬的地表創(chuàng)造的，它們的邊緣隨著時(shí)間的推移而失去棱角。A. fragile脆弱的；B. shiny光滑發(fā)亮的；C. smooth光滑的；D. hard堅(jiān)硬的。根據(jù)下文“their edges softening over time”可知，石頭的邊緣隨時(shí)間而失去棱角，所以這里說它們本身是堅(jiān)硬的地表創(chuàng)造的。故選D。
122．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：即使是最高的山也已磨損；沒有一個(gè)像一千年前那么高。A. piled up積累；B. worn down磨損；C. risen up上升；D. broken down分解。根據(jù)下文“none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago”可知，高山的高度因?yàn)闀r(shí)間而降低，所以這里說它們被磨損了。故選B。
123．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就像一塊巖石一樣，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的態(tài)度變得柔和了，我想更好地理解他人的愿望也隨著每一次環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)的旅行而擴(kuò)大了。A. will意志；B. voice聲音；C. attitude態(tài)度；D. heart內(nèi)心。根據(jù)下文“my desire to better understand others has expanded”可知，作者理解他人的愿望擴(kuò)大了，所以是對(duì)世界的態(tài)度變得柔和了。故選C。
124．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：曾經(jīng)，我也是一塊尖尖的巖石。A. Still仍然；B. Often經(jīng)常；C. Here這里；D. Once曾經(jīng)。根據(jù)上文“my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun”和空后“I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges”可知，現(xiàn)在作者發(fā)生了變化，而從前他的邊緣也很鋒利。故選D。
125．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，經(jīng)過幾十年的生命之水在我身上流淌，我的棱角變得更加柔和，也更加善解人意。A. understanding善解人意的；B. confident自信的；C. patient耐心的；D. competitive好競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的。根據(jù)上文“my desire to better understand others”可知，作者變得更善解人意。故選A。
126．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不太可能評(píng)判別人，我更有興趣了解我們?nèi)绾喂泊妗. contribute做貢獻(xiàn)；B. exist存在；C. work工作；D. develop發(fā)展。根據(jù)上文作者說自己的棱角漸漸磨平，變得善解人意，可推知作者感興趣的是人如何共存。故選B。
127．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我不是巖石。A. fool傻瓜；B. soul靈魂；C. rock巖石；D. judge裁判。上文作者是在用巖石作比喻，說明時(shí)間會(huì)讓人逐漸磨平棱角，這里作者在強(qiáng)調(diào)自己作為人的戲劇的一面，表示和巖石的不同。故選C。
128．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩年前，在太平洋西北地區(qū)旅行時(shí)，我看到一個(gè)餐館老板要求幾個(gè)年輕人離開，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有戴口罩。A. explain解釋；B. leave離開；C. apologize道歉；D. pay支付。根據(jù)下文“Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant.”可知，進(jìn)餐館需要戴口罩，這幾個(gè)年輕人沒有戴口罩，所以會(huì)被要求離開。故選B。
129．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不強(qiáng)勢(shì)也不粗魯。A. contradictory矛盾的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. forceful強(qiáng)勢(shì)的；D. discouraging使人沮喪的。根據(jù)空后“and not rude”可知，餐館的老板態(tài)度并不粗魯，所以forceful“強(qiáng)勢(shì)的”符合語(yǔ)境，和rude并列。故選C。
130．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：我們也不喜歡這樣，但讓我們盡我們所能一起度過難關(guān)。A. get through度過；B. stick to堅(jiān)持；C. deal with處理；D. fight against抗?fàn)?。根?jù)上文“Please wear a mask”可知，故事發(fā)生在疫情期間，所以是需要大家盡所能一起度過難關(guān)。故選A。
131．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那群年輕人想為那張紙條爭(zhēng)論一番。A. think思考；B. care關(guān)心；C. talk談?wù)摚籇. argue爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)上文這幾個(gè)年輕人因?yàn)闆]有帶口罩被要求離開餐館可推知，他們會(huì)對(duì)餐館紙條上的要求爭(zhēng)論一番。故選D。
132．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我失去的是透過他人的眼睛從經(jīng)歷中成長(zhǎng)的能力。A. even甚至；B. however然而；C. anyway無論如何；D. also也。根據(jù)上文“I’ve been one of them before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (削弱) the world.”（我以前也是他們中的一員，用我年輕時(shí)的優(yōu)勢(shì)來削弱這個(gè)世界）可知，曾經(jīng)作者很有鋒芒，現(xiàn)在卻失去了一些能力，此處語(yǔ)義有轉(zhuǎn)折，需用however“然而”。故選B。
133．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我失去的是透過他人的眼睛從經(jīng)歷中成長(zhǎng)的能力。A. hardships困難；B. struggle奮斗；C. experiences經(jīng)歷；D. failure失敗。根據(jù)此處“grow from ____13____ by looking through the eyes of others”可知，作者在說透過他人的眼睛從某種事物中成長(zhǎng)，結(jié)合觀察巖石、在餐館的事情可知，experiences“經(jīng)歷”更符合語(yǔ)境，文中沒有體現(xiàn)其他選項(xiàng)的含義。故選C。
134．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在學(xué)習(xí)更開放的過程中，我也找到了更多的快樂和成功。A. open開放的；B. cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；C. ambitious有抱負(fù)的；D. independent獨(dú)立的。根據(jù)上文“by looking through the eyes of others”可知，從他人的眼睛去看待事情是換位思考，是變得更加開放包容。故選A。
135．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：前者總想辦法調(diào)整自己，為別人騰出空間，而后者從不讓步遷就別人。A. ignore忽視；B. accept接受；C. adjust調(diào)整；D. change改變。根據(jù)下文“make room for others”可知，圓的石頭會(huì)給其他石頭騰空間，所以是調(diào)整自己。故選C。
136．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：前者總想辦法調(diào)整自己，為別人騰出空間，而后者從不讓步遷就別人。A. excuse借口；B. agreement同意；C. entrance入口；D. inch少許。根據(jù)上文“while”可知，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)鋒利的石頭和圓的石頭不同，它們不會(huì)調(diào)整自己，不會(huì)讓步。not give an inch是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“寸步不讓”。故選D。
137．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：時(shí)間，就像水流沖刷著曾經(jīng)鋒利的石頭，沖走了我們對(duì)從別人的角度看世界的抗拒，從而改變了我們。A. Nature自然；B. Tolerance容忍；C. Tide潮汐；D. Time時(shí)間。根據(jù)上文“their edges softening over time”可知，是時(shí)間磨掉人的棱角，帶走了人對(duì)換位思考的抗拒。故選D。
138．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：時(shí)間，就像水流沖刷著曾經(jīng)鋒利的石頭，沖走了我們對(duì)從別人的角度看世界的抗拒，從而改變了我們。A. reforming改革；B. seeing看；C. exploring探索；D. travelling旅行。根據(jù)上文“by looking through the eyes of others”可知，是從他人的角度看待世界。故選B。
139．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我把一塊圓石頭放進(jìn)夾克口袋里。A. sharp鋒利的；B. rounded圓形的；C. valuable值錢的；D. rolling起伏的。根據(jù)上文“their edges softening over time”可知，作者把圓石頭放進(jìn)口袋，提醒自己要收斂鋒芒，做善解人意、可以換位思考的人。故選B。
140．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大自然母親又在上課了。A. class課；B. belief信念；C. meeting會(huì)議；D. discussion討論。根據(jù)上文“I wonder, “Can we learn from a pile of rocks?””可知，作者從自然中學(xué)到了重要的一課，所以這里說大自然在上課。故選A。
（2023·河南洛陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Charles Darwin once said, “A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.” Well, quite simply 141 : life is short. Spending eight hours every day sleeping 142 you’ re losing a third of your life to 143 . So, is eight hours the 144 amount we need, or just a myth (神話)?
While most scientists 145 that between seven and nine hours a night is a proper amount, this is just a rough 146 . In truth, it’s a little more 147 than that. It seems that the amount of sleep you need 148 your age—with babies needing much more than 149 . Apparently, around seven and a half hours’ sleep is a good amount. In a study 150 at the University of Surrey Sleep Research Centre, the 151 of sleep were monitored.
One group slept for six and a half and the other for seven and a half hours per night. While some findings were 152 —annoyance and lower 153 in the group who slept less, there were some more surprising findings. The genes of people with less sleep were 154 . Genes associated with the immune (免疫) system, stress response and 155 risk of cancer became more active.
One of the biggest problems is that myths with 156 to sleep constantly exist. For example, have you ever heard that you can 157 yourself to need less or no sleep? It’s simply not 158 . Eight hours might not be the exact sweet 159 , and there are 160 like age to take into consideration, but there is a certain amount we do actually need.
141．A．put B．thought C．a(chǎn)ppreciated D．set
142．A．proves B．shows C．predicts D．means
143．A．clothing B．bed C．food D．a(chǎn)ccommodation
144．A．exact B．practical C．a(chǎn)pproximate D．statistic
145．A．imagine B．expect C．a(chǎn)gree D．report
146．A．size B．statement C．calculation D．summary
147．A．complex B．important C．popular D．tiresome
148．A．cuts down B．a(chǎn)dds to C．looks over D．depends on
149．A．women B．seniors C．a(chǎn)dults D．babies
150．A．built B．conducted C．published D．collected
151．A．methods B．surroundings C．habits D．effects
152．A．measurable B．reliable C．predictable D．remarkable
153．A．reputation B．concentration C．worth D．voice
154．A．a(chǎn)ffected B．removed C．reshaped D．copied
155．A．even B．still C．yet D．thus
156．A．a(chǎn)pproach B．regard C．reaction D．a(chǎn)ccess
157．A．remind B．encourage C．beg D．train
158．A．worthwhile B．fair C．true D．specific
159．A．status B．chance C．possibility D．spot
160．A．rights B．a(chǎn)spects C．interests D．costs
【答案】141．A 142．D 143．B 144．A 145．C 146．C 147．A 148．D 149．C 150．B 151．D 152．C 153．B 154．A 155．A 156．B 157．D 158．C 159．D 160．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章論述了我們需要多少睡眠時(shí)間及影響睡眠時(shí)間的幾個(gè)因素，并介紹了幾個(gè)關(guān)于睡眠時(shí)間的錯(cuò)誤說法。
141．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：簡(jiǎn)單地說：生命是短暫的。A. put說；B. thought認(rèn)為；C. appreciated欣賞；D. set設(shè)置。根據(jù)上文“A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.”可知，“生命是短暫的”是上文“一個(gè)敢于浪費(fèi)一小時(shí)時(shí)間的人并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)生命的價(jià)值。”的簡(jiǎn)單說法，“quite simply put”意為“簡(jiǎn)單地說”。故選A項(xiàng)。
142．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每天睡八個(gè)小時(shí)意味著你將失去三分之一的生命在床上。A. proves證明；B. shows展示；C. predicts預(yù)言；D. means意味著。根據(jù)句中“Spending eight hours every day sleeping”可知，“八個(gè)小時(shí)”是每天時(shí)間的三分之一，由此可知，每天睡八個(gè)小時(shí)意味著你將失去生命的三分之一。故選D項(xiàng)。
143．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天睡八個(gè)小時(shí)意味著你將失去三分之一的生命在床上。A. clothing服裝；B. bed床；C. food食物；D. accommodation住處。根據(jù)句中“Spending eight hours every day sleeping”可知，“八個(gè)小時(shí)”是用來睡覺的，睡覺是在床上，由此可知，你將失去三分之一的生命在床上。故選B項(xiàng)。
144．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那么，八小時(shí)是我們所需要的準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間，還是只是一個(gè)神話？A. exact準(zhǔn)確的；B. practical實(shí)際的；C. approximate大約的；D. statistic統(tǒng)計(jì)的。根據(jù)句中“or just a myth”可知，空格前后為選擇關(guān)系，作者提出疑問，八小時(shí)是不是我們睡眠所需要的準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間。故選A項(xiàng)。
145．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然大多數(shù)科學(xué)家都同意每晚七到九個(gè)小時(shí)是合適的，但這只是一個(gè)粗略的估計(jì)。A. imagine想象；B. expect期待；C. agree同意；D. report報(bào)道。根據(jù)句中“between seven and nine hours a night is a proper amount”和生活常識(shí)可知，“每晚七到九個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間”是大多數(shù)科學(xué)家都同意的說法。故選C項(xiàng)。
146．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然大多數(shù)科學(xué)家都同意每晚七到九個(gè)小時(shí)是合適的，但這只是一個(gè)粗略的估計(jì)。A. size大小；B. statement陳述；C. calculation估計(jì)；D. summary總結(jié)。根據(jù)句中“seven and nine hours a night”可知，“每晚七到九個(gè)小時(shí)”是對(duì)睡眠時(shí)間的粗略估計(jì)。故選C項(xiàng)。
147．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，比那要復(fù)雜一些。A. complex復(fù)雜的；B. important重要的；C. popular受歡迎的；D. tiresome討厭的。根據(jù)下文“It seems that the amount of sleep you need _____ your age”可知，不同的年齡段所需睡眠時(shí)間不同，由此可知，人們所需的睡眠時(shí)間要更復(fù)雜一些。故選A項(xiàng)。
148．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：你需要的睡眠量似乎取決于你的年齡，嬰兒需要的睡眠比成年人多得多。A. cuts down削減；B. adds to添加到；C. looks over瀏覽；D. depends on取決于。根據(jù)句中“babies needing much more than _____”可知，嬰兒和成年人所需的睡眠時(shí)間不同，由此可知，你需要的睡眠量似乎取決于你的年齡。故選D項(xiàng)。
149．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你需要的睡眠量似乎取決于你的年齡，嬰兒需要的睡眠比成年人多得多。A. women女人；B. seniors上級(jí)；C. adults成年人；D. babies嬰兒。根據(jù)句中“It seems that the amount of sleep you need _____ your age”可知，句中把不同年齡段的人所需的睡眠時(shí)間進(jìn)行對(duì)比，由此可知，句中把嬰兒和成年人所需的睡眠時(shí)間進(jìn)行對(duì)比。故選C項(xiàng)。
150．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在薩里大學(xué)睡眠研究中心實(shí)施的一項(xiàng)研究中，對(duì)睡眠的影響進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè)。A. built建造；B. conducted實(shí)施；C. published出版；D. collected收集。根據(jù)句中“a study”可知，研究應(yīng)該是被組織的，由此可知，在薩里大學(xué)睡眠研究中心實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)研究。故選B項(xiàng)。
151．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在薩里大學(xué)睡眠研究中心實(shí)施的一項(xiàng)研究中，對(duì)睡眠的影響進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè)。A. methods方法；B. surroundings周圍的環(huán)境；C. habits習(xí)慣；D. effects影響。根據(jù)下文“While some findings were _____—annoyance and lower ______ in the group who slept less, there were some more surprising findings.”可知，下文介紹了不同睡眠時(shí)間對(duì)人們產(chǎn)生的不同影響，由此可知，研究中心對(duì)睡眠的影響進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè)。故選D項(xiàng)。
152．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然一些發(fā)現(xiàn)是可以預(yù)測(cè)的——在睡眠較少的群體中，出現(xiàn)煩躁和注意力較低的現(xiàn)象，但還有一些更令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)。A. measurable可測(cè)量的；B. reliable可信賴的；C. predictable可預(yù)測(cè)的；D. remarkable顯著的。根據(jù)句中“annoyance”可知，睡眠較少的人會(huì)出現(xiàn)煩躁情緒，這種發(fā)現(xiàn)是可以預(yù)測(cè)的。故選C項(xiàng)。
153．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然一些發(fā)現(xiàn)是可以預(yù)測(cè)的——在睡眠較少的群體中，出現(xiàn)煩躁和注意力較低的現(xiàn)象，但還有一些更令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)。A. reputation名譽(yù)；B. concentration專注，注意力；C. worth價(jià)值；D. voice嗓音。根據(jù)句中“in the group who slept less”和生活常識(shí)可知，睡眠較少的人會(huì)出現(xiàn)注意力較低的現(xiàn)象。故選B項(xiàng)。
154．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：睡眠不足的人的基因受到了影響。A. affected影響；B. removed去除；C. reshaped重塑；D. copied復(fù)印。根據(jù)下文“risk of cancer became more active”可知，睡眠較少的人患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變得更高，由此可知，他們的基因受到了影響。故選A項(xiàng)。
155．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：與免疫系統(tǒng)、應(yīng)激反應(yīng)甚至癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的基因變得更加活躍。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. yet還；D. thus因此。句中“immune (免疫) system”、“stress response”和“risk of cancer”之間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，除了免疫系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)激反應(yīng)之外，甚至與癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的基因都變得更加活躍了。故選A項(xiàng)。
156．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最大的問題之一是關(guān)于睡眠的神話一直存在。A. approach方法；B. regard關(guān)注；C. reaction反應(yīng)；D. access通道。根據(jù)下文“need less or no sleep”可知，下文介紹的是有關(guān)睡眠的神話，由此可知，句中指關(guān)于睡眠的神話一直存在，“with regard to…”意為“關(guān)于……”。故選B項(xiàng)。
157．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，你聽說過你可以訓(xùn)練自己少睡或不睡嗎？A. remind提醒；B. encourage鼓勵(lì)；C. beg乞求；D. train訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)上文“myths”可知，句中介紹的是有關(guān)睡眠的神話，由此可知，句中指訓(xùn)練自己少睡或不睡。故選D項(xiàng)。
158．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這根本不是真的。A. worthwhile值得的；B. fair公平的；C. true真實(shí)的；D. specific具體的。根據(jù)下文“there is a certain amount we do actually need”可知，我們確實(shí)需要一定數(shù)量的睡眠，由此可知，“可以訓(xùn)練自己少睡或不睡”的說法根本不是真的。故選C項(xiàng)。
159．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：八個(gè)小時(shí)可能不是確切的最佳時(shí)間，年齡等方面都需要考慮，但我們確實(shí)需要一定的時(shí)間。A. status狀態(tài)；B. chance機(jī)會(huì)；C. possibility可能性；D. spot地點(diǎn)，方面。根據(jù)句中“Eight hours”可知，“八個(gè)小時(shí)”是一個(gè)時(shí)間，由此可知，句中指八個(gè)小時(shí)可能不是確切的最佳時(shí)間，“sweet spot”意為“最佳時(shí)間”。故選D項(xiàng)。
160．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：八個(gè)小時(shí)可能不是確切的最佳時(shí)間，年齡等方面都需要考慮，但我們確實(shí)需要一定的時(shí)間。A. rights權(quán)力；B. aspects方面；C. interests興趣；D. costs費(fèi)用。根據(jù)句中“age”可知，年齡是我們需要考慮的影響睡眠時(shí)間的一方面，由此可知，年齡等方面都需要考慮。故選B項(xiàng)。

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