?2023屆天津市南開(kāi)區(qū)高三下學(xué)期質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)（二）英語(yǔ)試卷
高三年級(jí) 英語(yǔ)學(xué)科 筆試試卷
本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)、第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分，共130分，考試用時(shí)100分鐘。第I卷1至12頁(yè)，第II卷13至16頁(yè)。
答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。答卷時(shí)，考生務(wù)必將答案涂寫(xiě)在答題卡上，答在試卷上的無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考試順利!
第I卷
注意事項(xiàng)：
1.每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。
2.本卷共55小題，共95分。
第一部分 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分)
第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
例：Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see it better.
A. or B. and C. but D. while
答案是B。
1. —So you missed the football match held yesterday.
—_____________. I got there 15 minutes before the end of it.
A. Not likely B. Not a little C. Not at all D. Not exactly
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】空處短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：——所以你錯(cuò)過(guò)了昨天舉辦的足球賽?！煌耆?。我在它結(jié)束前十五分鐘趕到了那里。A. Not likely不大可能；B. Not a little許多；C. Not at all 一點(diǎn)也不；D. Not exactly不完全是，此處應(yīng)表示沒(méi)有完全錯(cuò)過(guò)昨天那場(chǎng)比賽，故選D。
2. Most of the top leaders expressed a common desire at the UN conference, that different cultures should coexist with tolerance.
A. the one B. the ones C. ones D. one
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議上表達(dá)了一個(gè)共同愿望，即不同的文化應(yīng)相容并存。A. the one用于指代一個(gè)確定的名詞，相當(dāng)于 the+單數(shù)名詞；B. the ones用于指代特定的一些，相當(dāng)于 those；C. ones代替一些不特別指定的名詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)不帶冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞；D. one所代替的名詞，是一個(gè)不特指的名詞，相當(dāng)于a\an+名詞。句中代指a desire，是同位語(yǔ)，所以用不定代詞one代指。故選D。
3. How to protect children from unsuitable material on some websites while encouraging them to use the Internet __________ in many areas of the world.
A. have long been discussed B. has long been discussed
C. were long been discussed D. was long been discussed
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：如何在鼓勵(lì)兒童使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的同時(shí)，保護(hù)他們不受某些網(wǎng)站上不良內(nèi)容的影響，這在世界許多地區(qū)早就被討論過(guò)了。A.have long been discussed現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)；B.has long been discussed現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)。C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)形式錯(cuò)誤。分析句子，主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)“how+to do”，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；根據(jù)句意，本句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且表示“已經(jīng)被討論”，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。
4. A ________identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from Bank of China.
A. beneficial B. effective C. valid D. flexible
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你向中國(guó)銀行購(gòu)買(mǎi)外幣時(shí)，會(huì)被要求出示有效期內(nèi)的身份證。A. beneficial有益的，有利的；B. effective有效的，起作用的；C. valid有效的，合法的；D. flexible靈活的。結(jié)合句意可直接排除A、D選項(xiàng)，其也無(wú)法與“身份證”搭配而修飾這一名詞。題目重點(diǎn)在于B、C的辨析，effective是指某物、某事有實(shí)際效果，能起作用的“有效”，而valid是指有效期內(nèi)的，正當(dāng)合法的“有效”，在本句語(yǔ)境中valid恰當(dāng)。故選C。
5. We have much to look forward to in the future, thanks to advances in technology. I’m sure that AI doctors are________.
A. in the way B. on the spot C. in the end D. on the horizon
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析 句意：由于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，我們對(duì)未來(lái)有很多期待。我相信人工智能醫(yī)生即將到來(lái)。A. in the way礙事；B. on the spot當(dāng)場(chǎng)；C. in the end最后；D. on the horizon即將發(fā)生。由語(yǔ)意可知，此處表示由于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，人工智能醫(yī)生即將到來(lái)，符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)。
6. ________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. Enjoying B. Enjoyed C. To enjoy D. Having enjoyed
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查不定式。句意：為了享受數(shù)字支付的便利，許多老人開(kāi)始使用智能手機(jī)。A. Enjoying享受；B. Enjoyed享受；C. To enjoy為了享受；D. Having enjoyed享受過(guò)。分析句子可知，句中已有謂語(yǔ)started，空處應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意可知表示目的，應(yīng)用不定式，故選C項(xiàng)。
7. Such a simple experiment can effectively ________ people’s doubts about the new technology, so they are willing to embrace the innovation.
A. bring forth B. go over C. put away D. wipe out
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這樣一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)驗(yàn)可以有效地消除人們對(duì)新技術(shù)的疑慮，讓他們?cè)敢饨邮軇?chuàng)新。A. bring forth 產(chǎn)生，發(fā)表；B. go over復(fù)習(xí)；C. put away放好，拋棄；D. wipe out消滅，徹底摧毀。根據(jù)“so they are willing to embrace the innovation”可知，這個(gè)試驗(yàn)消除人們的疑慮了。故選D項(xiàng)。
8. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more _________ (合適地) on such occasions.
A. apparently B. appropriately
C. approximately D. approvingly
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：作為一名新外交官，他經(jīng)常想在這種場(chǎng)合下如何更恰當(dāng)?shù)刈鞒龇磻?yīng)。apparently顯然地，表面上；appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)?；approximately近似地，大約; 許；approvingly贊成地，認(rèn)可地。分析選項(xiàng)可知B符合題意。
9. As companies are trying hard to attract and keep young people for their technical skills and enthusiasm for change, office culture is becoming an ________ of youth culture.
A. expansion B. extension C. expression D. exhibition
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于各公司都在努力吸引和留住具有技術(shù)能力和變革熱情的年輕人，辦公室文化正在成為青年文化的延伸。A. expansion擴(kuò)大；B. extension延伸；C. expression表達(dá)；D. exhibition展覽。根據(jù)空后“of youth culture”及常識(shí)可知，此處指辦公室文化正在成為青年文化的延伸。故選B。
10. ________ with two job offers, we may wonder exactly what it is we’ re choosing between.
A. Having presented B. To be presented C. Presenting D. Presented
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：面對(duì)兩份工作機(jī)會(huì)，我們可能會(huì)想知道到底是什么讓我們?cè)趦烧咧g做出選擇（如何選擇要看自己真正看重的是什么）。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wonder，所以此處為非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，present與主語(yǔ)we之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，表被動(dòng)和完成，作狀語(yǔ)。故選D。
11. Last winter, part of Britain was struck by snowstorms, from ________ effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot, especially those with children.
A. which B. what C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：去年冬天，英國(guó)部分地區(qū)遭受了暴風(fēng)雪的襲擊，希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)的大多數(shù)乘客都受到了暴風(fēng)雪的影響，尤其是那些有孩子的乘客。此處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是snowstorms，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作effects的定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故選C。
12. The department manager promised ______ told her who stole the necklace would be rewarded. To her surprise, ______ she said, there was no response.
A. whoever; whichever
B. whoever; no matter what
C. no matter who; whatever
D. no matter who; no matter what
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查no matter＋特殊疑問(wèn)詞和特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋ever的辨析和使用。句意：這位部門(mén)經(jīng)理承諾不管誰(shuí)告訴他誰(shuí)偷走那條項(xiàng)鏈，都會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)賞。讓他驚異的是，不管她說(shuō)了什么，都沒(méi)有回復(fù)。no matter＋特殊疑問(wèn)詞一般引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論…”。而特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋ever既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，同樣表示“無(wú)論…”。句中promised之后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，屬于名詞性從句，因此只能用特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋ever，而后面則是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，使用no matter＋特殊疑問(wèn)詞。故選B。
13. —I have been considering cancelling the project because it seems hard to go farther.
—But it’s too early to________ now. There’s still much hope.
A. have second thoughts B. throw in the towel
C. test the waters D. make ends meet
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查習(xí)語(yǔ)。句意：——我一直在考慮取消這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)樗坪鹾茈y再繼續(xù)下去了?！F(xiàn)在認(rèn)輸還為時(shí)過(guò)早。還有很多希望。A. have second thoughts三思；B. throw in the towel認(rèn)輸；C. test the waters試水；D. make ends meet收支相抵。根據(jù)“There’s still much hope.”可知，現(xiàn)在就認(rèn)輸（放棄）為時(shí)過(guò)早。故選B。
14. We will ________ restoration and reconstruction of the area after the disaster, including transportation, communications and water supply.
A. accommodate B. accumulate C. accelerate D. accustom
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們將加快災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建，包括交通、通信和供水。A. accommodate為……提供住宿；B. accumulate積累；C. accelerate加快；D. accustom使習(xí)慣于。由“restoration and reconstruction of the area after the disaster”可知，句子表示“我們將加快災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建”，空格處意為“加快”，故選C。
15. ________ he became seriously ill in 1998, the famous writer had been carrying out comparative studies of classical Chinese texts.
A. Since B. When C. Although D. Until
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：這位著名作家一直對(duì)中國(guó)古典文本進(jìn)行比較研究，直到1998年他的病變得嚴(yán)重為止。A. Since 自從； B. When 當(dāng)……的時(shí)候； C. Although 盡管； D. Until直到。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，直到1998年他病重時(shí)才停止研究。故選D。
第二節(jié)：完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從16~35各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)，將短文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充完整。
An elementary school in Scotland gave its students a special present. Instead of being asked to do different kinds of homework or book reports, the children did acts of ____16____, which is a much more ____17____ lesson.
The children ____18____ Galsoil School in Clonty performed these kind acts in December and ____19____ their acts in writing or pictures in a Kindness diary.
In the project, the teachers ____20____ the students to do kind deeds for an elderly neighbor or a friend who is feeling ____21____, any act that helped to ____22____ someone’s day.
The students were also encouraged to write kind notes to each other that were read at a ____23____ every week and all the classes got together to discuss and ____24____ a school-wide project to help the community during the holiday season.
“We are _____25_____ our pupils to think of the real _____26_____ of New Year — kindness and giving,” vice principal said. “There is nobody in this world who wouldn’t _____27_____ from an act of kindness, and _____28_____ the joy of kindness is that it _____29_____ nothing.
A student Andy said, “Kindness is about making people’s lives _____30_____ by changing little things, or doing little nice things to make a _____31_____ to people around.”
The children made a lot of _____32_____ to their grandparents and to seniors in the community to _____33_____ with them over the phone, relieving their loneliness. What the children have learned about kindness is far more _____34_____ than reading, writing, and math. Even the youngest students have _____35_____ much.
16. A. appreciation B. reading C. kindness D. drawing
17. A. demanding B. valuable C. reliable D. previous
18. A. attending B. leaving C. visiting D. interviewing
19. A. conducted B. spread C. broadcast D. recorded
20. A. permitted B. advised C. promised D. begged
21. A. lonely B. guilty C. enthusiastic D. awkward
22. A. promise B. control C. describe D. brighten
23. A. meeting B. concert C. hospital D. station
24. A. live up to B. come up with C. keep up with D. look up to
25. A. pushing B. forcing C. inspiring D. warning
26. A. origin B. traditions C. characteristics D. spirit
27. A. suffer B. benefit C. recover D. separate
28. A. definitely B. strangely C. gradually D. unluckily
29. A. produces B. costs C. deserves D. holds
30. A. richer B. busier C. better D. safer
31. A. choice B. decision C. collection D. difference
32. A. calls B. gifts C. cards D. plans
33. A. compromise B. interpret C. chat D. negotiate
34. A. enjoyable B. popular C. formal D. important
35. A. observed B. shared C. gained D. discussed
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了一所學(xué)校用做善事代替做家庭作業(yè)，讓學(xué)生了解善良與給予的重要性。
【16題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們沒(méi)有被要求做各種各樣的家庭作業(yè)或讀書(shū)報(bào)告，而是做了一些善良的行為，這是更有價(jià)值的一課。A. appreciation贊賞；B. reading閱讀；C. kindness善良；D. drawing繪畫(huà)。根據(jù)下文“The children ____3____ Galsoil School in Clonty performed these kind acts in December and ____4____ their acts in writing or pictures in a Kindness diary.”可知，學(xué)校要求孩子們做一些善事。故選C。
【17題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們沒(méi)有被要求做各種各樣的家庭作業(yè)或讀書(shū)報(bào)告，而是做了一些善良的行為，這是更有價(jià)值的一課。A. demanding要求苛刻的；B. valuable有價(jià)值的；C. reliable可靠的；D. previous以前的。根據(jù)下文“What the children have learned about kindness is far more ____19____ than reading, writing, and math.”可知，讓孩子們作善事更有價(jià)值。故選B。
【18題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在克倫蒂的加爾索爾學(xué)校上學(xué)的孩子們?cè)?2月進(jìn)行了這些善良的行為，并將他們的行為以文字或圖片記錄在一本“善良日記”中。A. attending定期去（學(xué)校、教堂等）；B. leaving離開(kāi)；C. visiting訪問(wèn)；D. interviewing面試。根據(jù)上文“An elementary school in Scotland gave its students a special present. Instead of being asked to do different kinds of homework or book reports, the children did acts of ____1____, which is a much more ____2____ lesson.”可知，此處指在這所學(xué)校上學(xué)的孩子。故選A。
【19題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在克倫蒂的加爾索爾學(xué)校上學(xué)的孩子們?cè)?2月進(jìn)行了這些善良的行為，并將他們的行為以文字或圖片記錄在一本“善良日記”中。A. conducted進(jìn)行；B. spread傳播；C. broadcast廣播；D. recorded記錄。根據(jù)下文“their acts in writing or pictures in a Kindness diary.”可知，孩子們?cè)谏婆e日記中記錄自己所做的善舉。故選D。
【20題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，老師們建議學(xué)生們?yōu)槟昀相従踊蚋械焦陋?dú)的朋友做善事，任何有助于照亮別人一天的行為。A. permitted允許；B. advised建議；C. promised承諾；D. begged懇求。根據(jù)下文“the students to do kind deeds for an elderly neighbor or a friend who is feeling ____6____,”可知，老師建議學(xué)生所做善事的對(duì)象。advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事。故選B。
【21題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，老師們建議學(xué)生們?yōu)槟昀系泥従踊蚋械焦陋?dú)的朋友做善事，任何有助于讓別人在一天中感到愉快的行為。A. lonely孤獨(dú)的；B. guilty有罪的；C. enthusiastic熱情的；D. awkward尷尬的。根據(jù)上文“a friend who is feeling”和常識(shí)可知，只有孤單的朋友才需要幫助。故選A。
【22題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，老師們建議學(xué)生們?yōu)槟昀系泥従踊蚋械焦陋?dú)的朋友做善事，任何有助于讓別人在一天中感到愉快的行為。A. promise承諾；B. control控制；C. describe描述；D. brighten使明亮。根據(jù)上文“In the project, the teachers ____5____ the students to do kind deeds for an elderly neighbor or a friend who is feeling ____6____”可知，老師建議孩子們做任何事情，只要有助于讓別人在一天中感到愉快。brighten one’s day讓某人在一天中感到愉快。故選D。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)生們還被鼓勵(lì)給彼此寫(xiě)友好的便條，這些便條在每周的會(huì)議上宣讀，所有班級(jí)都聚集在一起討論并提出一個(gè)全校范圍的項(xiàng)目，以在假期期間幫助社區(qū)。A. meeting會(huì)議；B. concert音樂(lè)會(huì)；C. hospital醫(yī)院；D. station車(chē)站。根據(jù)下文“every week and all the classes got together to discuss and ____9____ a school-wide project to help the community during the holiday season.”可知，學(xué)校每個(gè)周有一次會(huì)議。故選A。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：學(xué)生們還被鼓勵(lì)給彼此寫(xiě)友好的便條，這些便條在每周的會(huì)議上宣讀，所有班級(jí)都聚集在一起討論并提出一個(gè)全校范圍的項(xiàng)目，以在假期期間幫助社區(qū)。A. live up to不辜負(fù)；B. come up with想出；C. keep up with跟上；D. look up to仰望。根據(jù)下文“a school-wide project to help the community during the holiday season”可知，在會(huì)議上，學(xué)生一起提出幫助社區(qū)的項(xiàng)目。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們思考新年的真正精神——善良和付出，”副校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)。A. pushing推動(dòng)；B. forcing強(qiáng)迫；C. inspiring鼓舞；D. warning警告。根據(jù)下文“our pupils to think of the real”可知，學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生思考什么是新年真正的精神。inspire sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們思考新年的真正精神——善良和付出，”副校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)。A. origin起源；B. traditions傳統(tǒng)；C. characteristics特征；D. spirit精神。根據(jù)下文“of New Year — kindness and giving”可知，善舉和給予是新年真正的精神。故選D。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)世界上，沒(méi)有人不會(huì)從善舉中受益，而善舉的樂(lè)趣當(dāng)然在于它不需要任何代價(jià)。A. suffer遭受；B. benefit(使)受益；C. recover回收；D. separate分離。根據(jù)下文“from an act of kindness”及常識(shí)可知，每個(gè)人都能從善舉中受益。benefit from從……獲益。故選B。
【28題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)世界上，沒(méi)有人不會(huì)從善舉中受益，而善舉的樂(lè)趣當(dāng)然在于它不需要任何代價(jià)。A. definitely當(dāng)然；B. strangely奇怪地；C. gradually逐漸；D. unluckily不幸地。根據(jù)下文“the joy of kindness is that it ____14____ nothing.”可知，善舉的樂(lè)趣當(dāng)然在于它不需要任何代價(jià)。故選A。
【29題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)世界上，沒(méi)有人不會(huì)從善舉中受益，而善舉的樂(lè)趣當(dāng)然在于它不需要任何代價(jià)。A. produces生產(chǎn)；B. costs花費(fèi)；C. deserves應(yīng)得；D. holds持有。根據(jù)下文“nothing”及常識(shí)可知，善舉的樂(lè)趣是不需要任何代價(jià)的。故選B。
【30題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一位名叫安迪的學(xué)生說(shuō)：“善舉就是通過(guò)改變小事讓人們的生活更美好，或者做一些小事讓周?chē)娜擞兴煌盇. richer更豐富的；B. busier更忙的；C. better更好的；D. safer更安全的。根據(jù)上文“Kindness is about making people’s lives”及常識(shí)可知，善舉是讓人們的生活更美好。故選C。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一位名叫安迪的學(xué)生說(shuō)：“善舉就是通過(guò)改變小事讓人們的生活更美好，或者做一些小事讓周?chē)娜擞兴煌??！盇. choice選擇；B. decision決定；C. collection收集品；D. difference影響。根據(jù)上文“Kindness is about making people’s lives ____15____ by changing little things”可知，通過(guò)做一些小事讓周?chē)娜擞兴煌ake a difference有影響，起作用。故選D。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們給他們的祖父母和社區(qū)里的老人打了很多電話，和他們聊天，緩解他們的孤獨(dú)感。A. calls電話；B. gifts禮物；C. cards卡片；D. plans計(jì)劃。根據(jù)下文“to their grandparents and to seniors in the community to ____18____ with them over the phone”可知，孩子們給老人打電話。故選A。
【33題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們給他們的祖父母和社區(qū)里的老人打了很多電話，和他們聊天，緩解他們的孤獨(dú)感。A. compromise妥協(xié)；B. interpret解釋?zhuān)籆. chat聊天；D. negotiate談判。根據(jù)下文“with them over the phone, relieving their loneliness”可知，孩子們通過(guò)電話，和老人聊天。故選C。
【34題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們學(xué)到的善良遠(yuǎn)比閱讀、寫(xiě)作和數(shù)學(xué)重要。A. enjoyable愉快的；B. popular受歡迎的；C. formal正式的；D. important重要的。根據(jù)上文“Instead of being asked to do different kinds of homework or book reports, the children did acts of ____1____, which is a much more ____2____ lesson.”可知，孩子們的善良遠(yuǎn)比閱讀、寫(xiě)作和數(shù)學(xué)重要。故選D。
【35題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：即使是最小的學(xué)生也收獲頗多。A. observed觀察；B. shared共享；C. gained獲得；D. discussed討論。根據(jù)上文“What the children have learned about kindness is far more ____19____ than reading, writing, and math.”可知，學(xué)生們從做善事中獲得很多。故選C。
第二部分：閱讀理解 (共20小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分50分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
You may be familiar with the following famous people, but have you heard of their graduation speeches, in which they either share their unforgettable experiences or give you some great inspiration.
●Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin
And now you’ve accomplished something great and important here, and it’s time for you to move on to what’s next. And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps. You must also commit to the adventure. Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you’ve been blessed with and go.
●J. K. Rowling, Harvard University
Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectation from my parents who were not rich. But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure. The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.
●Steve Jobs, Stanford University
Sometimes life’s going to hit you on the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking, and don’t settle.
●Bill Gates, Harvard University
We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world’s inequities (不公平) like hunger, poverty, and so on.
36. What did J. K. Rowling fear most when she was studying in university?
A. Appearance. B. Poverty. C. Hunger. D. Failure.
37. Who wants to express “Keep looking for what you believe in”?
A. Steve Jobs. B. Bill Gates. C. Michael Dell. D. J. K. Rowling.
38. What does Bill Gates suggest people doing?
A. Making contributions to the environment.
B. Taking responsibility for their own behavior.
C. Making joint efforts to solve some global problems.
D. Mastering as much advanced technology as possible.
39. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A. To introduce how some famous people overcome difficulties.
B. To give people some inspirations to live a meaningful life.
C. To show people ways of appreciating graduation speech.
D. To appeal to people to pursue a better university education.
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)名人在大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮發(fā)表的演講節(jié)選內(nèi)容。
【36題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)J.K. Rowling, Harvard University部分中“But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure. (但在你們這個(gè)年紀(jì)，我最害怕的不是貧窮，而是失敗)”可知，J.K. Rowling最害怕的不是貧窮而是失敗。故選D。
【37題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Steve Jobs, Stanford University部分中“Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking, and don’t settle. (你的工作將占據(jù)你生活的很大一部分，真正滿(mǎn)足的唯一方法是做你認(rèn)為是偉大的工作，而做偉大工作的唯一方法就是熱愛(ài)你所做的事情。如果你還沒(méi)有找到，繼續(xù)尋找，不要將就)”可知，Steve Jobs表達(dá)了他的想法：做偉大工作的唯一方法就是熱愛(ài)你所做的事情，所以如果你還沒(méi)有找到，要繼續(xù)尋找。故選A。
【38題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)Bill Gates, Harvard University部分中“They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world’s inequities (不公平) like hunger, poverty, and so on. (它們不僅使國(guó)家政府，也使大學(xué)、較小的組織，甚至個(gè)人能夠看到問(wèn)題，看到方法，處理世界上的不平等，如饑餓、貧困等)”可推知，Bill Gates建議個(gè)人也要看到世界存在的問(wèn)題，并看到方法去處理解決這些問(wèn)題，即個(gè)人合力解決世界上的問(wèn)題。故選C。
【39題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“You may be familiar with the following famous people, but have you heard of their graduation speeches, in which they either share their unforgettable experiences or give you some great inspiration. (你可能熟悉下面的名人，但你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他們的畢業(yè)演講嗎？在他們的畢業(yè)演講中，他們要么分享了他們難忘的經(jīng)歷，要么給了你一些偉大的啟發(fā))”及下文內(nèi)容可推知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是給人們一些啟示，讓他們過(guò)上有意義的生活。故選B。
B
Life is just like a box of chocolates and you never know what you’re going to get. Sometimes when we are in our darkest hour, something completely unexpected happens that can give us a little bit of hope and comfort.
Jessica was a healthy woman. One day, while she was working on a brilliant idea that suddenly struck her, which she thought would be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem she was working on, she suddenly lost consciousness. After she was rushed to the hospital, her heart rate slowed by nearly 50 percent. It took nine days for doctors to concentrate on what was causing her problem.
After several weeks, Jessica was still stiff (僵硬的) from head to foot, but luckily, she was able to move her lips. Staff noticed this and introduced Jessica to Consuelo Gonzalez, a professional lip reader. Consuelo can understand what people are saying by the shape their lips make. She can also understand how annoying it is not to be able to communicate because she has been completely deaf since the age of 8.
For a few hours each week, Jessica could have long conversations with Consuelo, diving into the ocean of words she dearly missed. Through Consuelo, Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to. She also talked to Consuelo about the vivid dreams she was mixing up with reality.
In fact, there are other ways for Consuelo to earn a living by reading lips, but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill. “What is really wonderful, without doubt, is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings. That’s what feels best: Love.”
After four and a half months in the hospital, Jessica finally recovered. Consuelo was there, holding Jessica’s hands. Jessica eventually went back to work as a math professor. After her experience she wrote a new living will. One thing she added is that if she ever becomes incapacitated like this again, she is never to be left alone.
40. Why does the author mention a box of chocolates in the first paragraph?
A. To present an argument. B. To make a comparison.
C. To introduce a topic. D. To give an example.
41. What is the correct order of the following events?
a. Jessica was introduced to Consuelo Gonzalez.
b. Jessica went back to work and wrote a new living will.
c. Doctors spent nine days to find out what caused Jessica’s problem.
d. Jessica was able to ask the doctors questions she had long wanted answers to.
e. Jessica worked on a brilliant idea for solving the mathematical problem.
A. ecadb B. adcbe C. ecdba D. adbce
42. Which statement is correct in Jessica’s story?
A. Jessica became deaf as a result of the sudden disease after losing consciousness.
B. Consuelo must have a gift in psychology as she could separate dreams from reality.
C. Consuelo accompanied Jessica all the time in the hospital until the latter recovered.
D. Doctors focused on the cause of Jessica’s disease before Consuelo offered help.
43. How can we describe Consuelo Gonzalez?
A. Friendly and cautious. B. Brave and creative.
C. Kind and caring. D. Determined and humorous.
44. Which of the following best explains “incapacitated” underlined in the last paragraph?
A. Deadly exhausted. B. Seriously ill. C. Desperately lonely. D. Incredibly compulsory.
45. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage?
A. Love can make people no longer alone facing difficulties.
B. Creating communication between human beings is rewarding.
C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.
D. Love is key to the attainment of others’ respect.
【答案】40. C 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了有一天，身體健康的杰西卡突然生病導(dǎo)致只有嘴唇能夠動(dòng)，后來(lái)在專(zhuān)業(yè)唇讀師康斯韋洛·岡薩雷斯的幫助下，最終得到了康復(fù)的故事。從這個(gè)故事中，我們學(xué)到了——生活就像一盒巧克力，你永遠(yuǎn)不知道下一個(gè)是什么味道。有時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們處于最黑暗的時(shí)刻，一些完全意想不到的事情會(huì)發(fā)生，給我們一點(diǎn)希望和安慰。
【40題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Life is just like a box of chocolates and you never know what you’re going to get. Sometimes when we are in our darkest hour, something completely unexpected happens that can give us a little bit of hope and comfort. (生活就像一盒巧克力，你永遠(yuǎn)不知道下一個(gè)是什么味道。有時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們處于最黑暗的時(shí)刻，一些完全意想不到的事情會(huì)發(fā)生，給我們一點(diǎn)希望和安慰)”及下文對(duì)杰西卡生病、康復(fù)的過(guò)程描述可推知，作者在第一段提到了一盒巧克力來(lái)介紹一個(gè)話題。故選C。
【41題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“One day, while she was working on a brilliant idea that suddenly struck her, which she thought would be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem she was working on, she suddenly lost consciousness. (有一天，當(dāng)她正在思考一個(gè)突然閃現(xiàn)的絕妙想法時(shí)，她認(rèn)為這將是解決她正在研究的數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題的真正突破，她突然失去了意識(shí))”可知，e. Jessica worked on a brilliant idea for solving the mathematical problem. (杰西卡想出了一個(gè)解決這道數(shù)學(xué)題的絕妙辦法)；第二段中的“It took nine days for doctors to concentrate on what was causing her problem. (醫(yī)生花了九天時(shí)間才找出她的病因)”可知，c. Doctors spent nine days to find out what caused Jessica’s problem. (醫(yī)生花了九天時(shí)間來(lái)找出杰西卡的病因)；第三段中的“Staff noticed this and introduced Jessica to Consuelo Gonzalez, a professional lip reader. (工作人員注意到了這一點(diǎn)，就把杰西卡介紹給了專(zhuān)業(yè)唇讀師康斯韋洛·岡薩雷斯)”可知，a. Jessica was introduced to Consuelo Gonzalez. (杰西卡被介紹給康斯韋洛·岡薩雷斯)；第四段中的“Through Consuelo, Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to. (通過(guò)康斯韋洛，杰西卡向醫(yī)生和護(hù)士詢(xún)問(wèn)了一些她一直想知道答案的問(wèn)題)”可知，d. Jessica was able to ask the doctors questions she had long wanted answers to. (杰西卡可以問(wèn)醫(yī)生一些她一直想知道答案的問(wèn)題了)；最后一段中的“After her experience she wrote a new living will. (經(jīng)歷了這些之后，她又寫(xiě)了一份新的生前遺囑)”可知，b. Jessica went back to work and wrote a new living will. (杰西卡回去工作，寫(xiě)了一份新的生前遺囑)。由此可知，文章中事件的正確順序是ecadb。故選A。
【42題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Through Consuelo, Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to. (通過(guò)康斯韋洛，杰西卡向醫(yī)生和護(hù)士詢(xún)問(wèn)了一些她一直想知道答案的問(wèn)題)”和第五段中的“What is really wonderful, without doubt, is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings. (毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，真正奇妙的是能夠使用這種技能來(lái)創(chuàng)造治療，并在人類(lèi)之間建立溝通)”及最后一段中的“After four and a half months in the hospital, Jessica finally recovered. Consuelo was there, holding Jessica’s hands. (在醫(yī)院住了四個(gè)半月后，杰西卡終于康復(fù)了。康絲薇洛康斯韋洛也在那兒，握著杰西卡的手)”可知，康斯韋洛在醫(yī)院里一直陪伴著杰西卡，直到她康復(fù)。故選C。
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“In fact, there are other ways for Consuelo to earn a living by reading lips, but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill. “What is really wonderful, without doubt, is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings. That’s what feels best: Love.” (事實(shí)上，康斯韋洛還有其他靠讀唇為生的方法，但她說(shuō)，幫助病人區(qū)分噩夢(mèng)和現(xiàn)實(shí)是她能運(yùn)用自己獨(dú)特技能的最有價(jià)值的方法?！昂翢o(wú)疑問(wèn)，真正奇妙的是能夠使用這種技能來(lái)創(chuàng)造治療，并在人類(lèi)之間建立溝通。這就是感覺(jué)最好的東西：愛(ài)”)”及最后一段中的“After four and a half months in the hospital, Jessica finally recovered. Consuelo was there, holding Jessica’s hands. (在醫(yī)院住了四個(gè)半月后，杰西卡終于康復(fù)了?？到z薇洛康斯韋洛也在那兒，握著杰西卡的手)”可知，康斯韋洛在醫(yī)院里一直陪伴著杰西卡，直到她康復(fù)。由此推知，康斯韋洛·岡薩雷斯是一個(gè)既善良又有愛(ài)心的人。故選C。
【44題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“After several weeks, Jessica was still stiff (僵硬的) from head to foot, but luckily, she was able to move her lips. (幾個(gè)星期后，杰西卡從頭到腳仍然僵硬，但幸運(yùn)的是，她的嘴唇還能活動(dòng))”及劃線詞下文“l(fā)ike this again (像這樣)”可知，此處指像這樣失去行動(dòng)能力的嚴(yán)重疾病。由此可知，劃線詞incapacitated與seriously ill (病重)意思一致。故選B。
【45題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“What is really wonderful, without doubt, is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings. That’s what feels best: Love.” (毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，真正奇妙的是能夠使用這種技能來(lái)創(chuàng)造治療，并在人類(lèi)之間建立溝通。這就是感覺(jué)最好的東西：愛(ài))”及最后一段中的“One thing she added is that if she ever becomes incapacitated like this again, she is never to be left alone. (她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，如果她再次像這樣失去行動(dòng)能力，她永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被單獨(dú)留下)”可知，文章講述了杰西卡在既善良又有愛(ài)心的康斯韋洛·岡薩雷斯的幫助下，克服困難，最終得到了康復(fù)。由此可知，A. Love can make people no longer alone facing difficulties. (愛(ài)可以使人不再孤獨(dú)地面對(duì)困難)能最好地概括文章中的信息。故選A。
C
We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular, we become accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive. Writing in these pages several years ago, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses (懺悔) things to Google Assistant that she wouldn’t tell her husband. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships? Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel better — but may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects.
Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to considerably reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.
Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is unavoidable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact. For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, changeless speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with (按照) traffic laws actually improves human performance.
Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such unexpected social effects into account. We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.
46. What can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph?
A. AI will lead to distant inter-personal relationships.
B. We will feel comfortable speaking to others online.
C. AI will enable people to communicate more with others.
D. We will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to AI.
47. In Paragraph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in ________.
A. drivers’ interaction with the cars
B. drivers’ exhaustion and distraction
C. our ability to cooperate with others while driving
D. our ability to deal with emergencies while driving
48. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of driverless cars?
A. They may be better at making more judgments than human drivers.
B. They need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers.
C. They may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely.
D. They need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car.
49. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with?
A. Brake lights on the back of our car are installed mainly to warn us of danger.
B. We should figure out how new technology affects people before developing it.
C. We can launch new forms of AI without thinking of unexpected social effects.
D. More efforts should be made to advance the hardware and software of driverless cars.
50. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A. To present the challenges brought by AI.
B. To explain the reason why AI may harm human relations.
C. To put forward how to solve the unexpected effect of AI.
D. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of driverless cars.
【答案】46. A 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。作者通過(guò)日常生活中Alexa和Siri的例子，提出自己的論點(diǎn)——人工智能會(huì)阻止人們之間更深層次的交流。接著開(kāi)始提出自己對(duì)于無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)的看法和擔(dān)憂，并提出需要進(jìn)一步提升無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)的軟件和硬件，讓它們更好、更安全地服務(wù)于人們。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects. (隨著人工智能深入我們的生活，我們必須面對(duì)這樣一種可能性，即它將阻止我們的情感和深層次的人際聯(lián)系)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為人工智能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人與人之間的聯(lián)系變得越來(lái)越膚淺、淺顯。故選A。
【47題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation.(但它們還會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)產(chǎn)生什么影響呢？開(kāi)車(chē)是一種非常現(xiàn)代的社會(huì)互動(dòng)，需要高度的合作)”及劃線詞所在句“I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.(我擔(dān)心，無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)奪走了我們鍛煉這種能力的機(jī)會(huì)，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致這種它的衰落)”可知，“its decline”指的是前文“this ability”的衰弱和下降，而“this ability”指代上文中的“high levels of cooperation”，即開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)的合作能力。故選C。
【48題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, changeless speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with (按照) traffic laws actually improves human performance.(例如，在一輛以穩(wěn)定不變速度行駛的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)旁邊駕駛了一段時(shí)間的司機(jī)可能會(huì)不太注意駕駛，因此，一旦他們行駛到只有人類(lèi)司機(jī)占據(jù)的高速公路路段，發(fā)生事故的可能性就會(huì)增加。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，與完全遵守交通法規(guī)行駛的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)并排行駛實(shí)際上會(huì)提高人的表現(xiàn))”可知，無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)能降低其他車(chē)輛中的司機(jī)出現(xiàn)交通事故的概率，也就是說(shuō)它們能使人類(lèi)駕駛員在其他車(chē)輛中更安全。故選C。
【49題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.(我們必須付出使自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)成為可能的硬件和軟件所付出的同樣努力，來(lái)管理人工智能對(duì)車(chē)外人員的潛在影響。畢竟，我們?cè)谀愕能?chē)后面安裝剎車(chē)燈不僅僅是，甚至主要是為了你的利益，而是為了你后面的人)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)于自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)，我們應(yīng)該努力提高它的硬件和軟件，讓它更加安全。故選D。
【50題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations.(我們正在遇到人工智能如何損害人際關(guān)系的現(xiàn)實(shí)例子)”和第二段中的“Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us.(此外，我們將與其他一些挑戰(zhàn)作斗爭(zhēng)。畢竟，無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)的時(shí)代已經(jīng)來(lái)臨)”及第三段中的“Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is unavoidable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact.(這些車(chē)輛不僅會(huì)被編程為接管駕駛職責(zé)，從而剝奪人類(lèi)做出道德判斷的權(quán)力(例如，當(dāng)碰撞不可避免時(shí)，該撞哪位行人)，它們還會(huì)影響到與它們沒(méi)有直接接觸的人類(lèi))”可推知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是展示人工智能帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。
D
Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent (連貫的) picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap (重疊部分) between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自戀).
There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers say that about 25% of young people show symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, and out-of-control consumerism.
We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves.
In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly think this approach to be the cause of narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows his strengths will automatically view himself as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive (過(guò)分的) self-admiration.
Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. A famous magazine noted that narcissism is a favored topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it.
The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because of our binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. Without confidence in their strengths, Gandhi and Mother Teresa couldn’t have achieved so much, and yet modesty and selflessness are their qualities.
When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to make the idea clear that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and ready to help others.
It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with, who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.
51. Which of the following opinions may the writer agree with?
A. Strength-based parenting leads to narcissism.
B. It’s unhelpful for us to make our children feel good about themselves.
C. To say all kids are potential narcissists is overstating the case.
D. Children who know their strengths tend to be more selfish and uncaring.
52. Why are teenagers’ strengths often considered as narcissism according to Paragraph 5?
A. Academic journals report more on narcissism.
B. There is a lack of narcissism in our common sense.
C. Many people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors.
D. The general public has less access to strengths psychology.
53. Why does the author mention Gandi and Mother Teresa?
A. Because they are as famous as Donald Trump.
B. Because they are both confident and modest.
C. Because confidence is quite important for celebrities.
D. Because a strength-based approach will cause narcissism.
54. What’s the author’s attitude towards young kids’ strength-based approaches?
A. Favorable. B. Neutral. C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
55. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Teens’ Psychology Research B. Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis
C. Teens’ Strength-based Approach D. Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood
【答案】51. C 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。一直以來(lái)，人們對(duì)個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)和自戀兩者之間認(rèn)識(shí)不足，導(dǎo)致了對(duì)青少年的自信產(chǎn)生誤解。作者解釋了對(duì)青少年的自信被誤解為自戀的這一現(xiàn)象，及其產(chǎn)生原因，并認(rèn)為：以突出孩子們優(yōu)勢(shì)為基礎(chǔ)的教養(yǎng)方式是有益的。
【51題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves. (我們對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象的擔(dān)憂是正確的，但是我們擔(dān)心所有的孩子都是潛在的自戀者，這對(duì)那些試圖讓孩子和青少年自我感覺(jué)良好的方法造成了無(wú)益的反作用力)”以及最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with, who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(很容易得出這樣的結(jié)論：每個(gè)年輕人都有成為自戀狂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但我想為與我共事過(guò)的成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)關(guān)心他人、體貼他人、謙遜的孩子們說(shuō)話——即使他們?cè)诎l(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)時(shí)也是如此)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為不是所有孩子都是潛在的自戀者，這樣的說(shuō)法過(guò)于夸大事實(shí)。故選C。
【52題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. (為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況？這在一定程度上是因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)自戀的了解多于對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的了解。雖然關(guān)于優(yōu)勢(shì)的心理學(xué)在很大程度上還停留在學(xué)術(shù)期刊的范圍內(nèi)，但對(duì)自戀的研究已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了大眾媒體和我們的日常生活)”可知，青少年因優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)生的自信常常被誤認(rèn)為是自戀，是因?yàn)榇蟊妼?duì)自戀很熟悉，而對(duì)關(guān)于優(yōu)勢(shì)的心理學(xué)接觸較少、相對(duì)陌生。故選D。
【53題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的 “We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. Without confidence in their strengths, Gandhi and Mother Teresa couldn’t have achieved so much, and yet modesty and selflessness are their qualities.(我們錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為一個(gè)人不可能既自信又謙虛。我們關(guān)注的是唐納德·特朗普和金·卡戴珊，而不是圣雄甘地和特蕾莎修女。如果對(duì)自己的力量沒(méi)有信心，甘地和特蕾莎修女不可能取得這么大的成就，然而謙虛和無(wú)私是他們的品質(zhì))”可知，這一段，作者認(rèn)為人們的看法——一個(gè)人不可能既自信又謙虛——是錯(cuò)誤的。由此推知，作者以甘地和特蕾莎為例，來(lái)證明自己的觀點(diǎn)，即一個(gè)人既自信又謙虛是可能的。故選B。
【54題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with, who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(很容易得出結(jié)論，每個(gè)年輕人都有成為自戀者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但我想為我接觸過(guò)的成千上萬(wàn)的年輕人挺身而出，他們關(guān)心他人、體貼他人、謙遜——即使他們?cè)诎l(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)時(shí)也是如此)”可推知，作者對(duì)幼兒自信建立法是支持的態(tài)度。故選A。
【55題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent (連貫的) picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap (重疊部分) between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自戀).(心理科學(xué)充滿(mǎn)了有趣的話題，其中許多都描繪了人性的連貫畫(huà)面，但有些卻創(chuàng)造了看似矛盾的東西。一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦泳褪牵谀芰Φ目茖W(xué)和關(guān)于自戀的研究之間存在微妙和被誤解的重疊)”可知，這篇文章主要講的是人們對(duì)青少年的自信產(chǎn)生了誤解。故選D。
第II卷
注意事項(xiàng)：1.用黑色墨水的鋼筆或簽字筆將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。
2.本卷共6題，共35分。
第三部分：寫(xiě)作
第一節(jié)：(共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)
閱讀下面短文，按照要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。
Walking home from school one day, I saw Dan, a kid from my school, on the other side of the road. I said to myself, “He must be a real nerd,” as he was carrying a lot of books. When I continued walking, I saw a group of kids run into Dan, knocking his books out of his arms and pushing him so he fell over. I ran over to help him, and as we were picking up his books, I saw tears in his eyes.
While I helped him stand up, I said, “Those kids are stupid.” He looked at me and said, “Thanks.” There was a grateful smile on his face.
We started talking and soon realized that we lived near each other. We talked all the way home. Dan turned out to be a pretty cool kid. We hung out all weekend and the more I got to know Dan, the more I liked him. Dan and I became best friends.
Over the years in high school, he became more popular. In our senior year, Dan got the best grades in our class, and had to give a speech for graduation.
As Dan started his speech, he looked at me. “Graduation is a time to thank the people who helped you survive those tough years — your parents, your teachers, but mostly your friends. Being a friend is the best gift you can give. I’m going to tell you a story.” I just looked at Dan in amazement as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to drop out of school and run away from home that weekend. Dan talked of how he had emptied his locker so his mom wouldn’t have to do it later and was carrying all of his books home. He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. “Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from making a huge mistake.” Everyone looked at Dan in shock as he told us about his weakest moment.
56. Where did the author first meet Dan?(no more than 10 words)
________________
57. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1?(no more than 10 words)
________________
58. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?(no more than 8 words)
________________
59. Why did everyone look at Dan in shock at the end of the story?(no more than 15 words)
________________
60. Who do you want to thank most upon your graduation? Please explain.(no more than 25 words)
________________
【答案】56. On his way home from school.
57. He must be a very boring person.
58. How the author and Dan became best friends.
59. Because Dan told everyone his weakest moment.
60. I want to thank my English teacher most for his encouragement and support. Without him, I wouldn't catch up with my classmates.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在放學(xué)路上遇到了丹，兩人很快成為了朋友。直到畢業(yè)時(shí)，丹告訴作者他們相遇那天，他本打算退學(xué)的。
【56題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“Walking home from school one day, I saw Dan, a kid from my school, on the other side of the road.(一天放學(xué)回家，我在路的另一邊看到了丹，我們學(xué)校的一個(gè)孩子)”可知，在放學(xué)回家的路上作者第一次遇到丹。故答案為On his way home from school.
【57題詳解】
考查句意理解。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后文“as he was carrying a lot of books”可知，丹帶了很多書(shū)回家，所以作者覺(jué)得他一定是一個(gè)很無(wú)聊的人。畫(huà)線詞部分意思是“他一定是一個(gè)很無(wú)聊的人”。故答案為He must be a very boring person.
【58題詳解】
考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段“We started talking and soon realized that we lived near each other. We talked all the way home. Dan turned out to be a pretty cool kid. We hung out all weekend and the more I got to know Dan, the more I liked him. Dan and I became best friends.(我們開(kāi)始交談，很快就意識(shí)到我們住得很近。回家的路上我們一直在聊天。丹原來(lái)是個(gè)很酷的孩子。我們整個(gè)周末都在一起玩，我對(duì)丹了解得越多，就越喜歡他。丹和我成了最好的朋友)”可知，第三段主旨為作者和丹如何成為最好的朋友。故答案為How the author and Dan became best friends.
【59題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“I just looked at Dan in amazement as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to drop out of school and run away from home that weekend. Dan talked of how he had emptied his locker so his mom wouldn’t have to do it later and was carrying all of his books home. He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. “Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from making a huge mistake.” Everyone looked at Dan in shock as he told us about his weakest moment.(當(dāng)?shù)ぶv述我們第一天相遇的故事時(shí)，我驚訝地看著他。他原計(jì)劃那個(gè)周末從學(xué)校退學(xué)，離家出走。丹說(shuō)他清空了自己的儲(chǔ)物柜，這樣?jì)寢尵筒挥迷偈帐傲?，他還把所有的書(shū)都帶回家了。他盯著我，對(duì)我微微一笑?！爸x天謝地，我得救了。我的朋友把我從一個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤中拯救了出來(lái)?！碑?dāng)?shù)じ嬖V我們他最脆弱的時(shí)刻時(shí)，每個(gè)人都震驚地看著他)”可知，在故事的結(jié)尾，每個(gè)人都震驚地看著丹是因?yàn)榈じ嬖V每個(gè)人他最脆弱的時(shí)刻。故答案為Because Dan told everyone his weakest moment.
【60題詳解】
考查開(kāi)放題，題干：畢業(yè)時(shí)你最想感謝誰(shuí)？請(qǐng)解釋一下。可回答：我最要感謝我的英語(yǔ)老師給我的鼓勵(lì)和支持。沒(méi)有他，我就趕不上我的同學(xué)了。故答案為I want to thank my English teacher most for his encouragement and support. Without him, I wouldn't catch up with my classmates.
第二節(jié)：書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿(mǎn)分25分)
61. 假設(shè)你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李津，英國(guó)校長(zhǎng)代表團(tuán)將于5月18日世界博物館日到你校訪問(wèn)，并參加你校與天津博物館合作組織的為期一周的“讓文物走進(jìn)生活”活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇此次活動(dòng)開(kāi)幕詞。
(1)表示歡迎；
(2)活動(dòng)目的；
(3)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容（不少于2項(xiàng)）；
(4)對(duì)客人的祝愿。
注意：
(1)詞數(shù)不少于100；
(2)可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
(3)開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯：Bringing Cultural Relics into Life event“讓文物走進(jìn)生活”活動(dòng) handicraft手工藝品
Dear guests, teachers and fellow students,
I’m Li Jin, chairman of the Student Union.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear guests, teachers and fellow students,
I’m Li Jin, chairman of the Student Union. It’s my great honour to express our warm welcome to you on behalf of our school. We are excited to have you here during our one-week “Bringing Cultural Relics into Life event” organized by our school and Tianjin Museum.
The purpose of this activity is to bring cultural relics to life and to enter students’ life, so that they can become the spiritual nourishment of our real life. The museum also has an interactive area for visitors, recreating the scenes of 20th century designers’ studios. We can experience it as much as we like. We also attend public lectures and participate in handicrafts activities. Dear guests, you are welcome to take part in it. I hope we will benefit a lot from your presence.
We hope you’ll have a pleasant time during your stay here.
Thank you.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，假設(shè)你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李津，英國(guó)校長(zhǎng)代表團(tuán)將于5月18日世界博物館日到你校訪問(wèn)，并參加你校與天津博物館合作組織的為期一周的“讓文物走進(jìn)生活”活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇此次活動(dòng)開(kāi)幕詞。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
代表：on behalf of→represent
組織：organize→hold
參加：participate in→go in for
愉快的：pleasant= jolly
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：We are excited to have you here during our one-week “Bringing Cultural Relics into Life event” organized by our school and Tianjin Museum.
拓展句：We are excited to have you here during our one-week “Bringing Cultural Relics into Life event” , which is organized by our school and Tianjin Museum.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] The purpose of this activity is to bring cultural relics to life and to enter students’ life, so that they can become the spiritual nourishment of our real life. (運(yùn)用了so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2] We are excited to have you here during our one-week “Bringing Cultural Relics into Life event” organized by our school and Tianjin Museum. (運(yùn)用了過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)）

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