?2023屆北京東城區(qū)高三二模英語試卷
學(xué)校:___________姓名:___________班級(jí):___________考號(hào):___________

一、完形填空
One October morning, I planned to take Honey, my dog, out with me. We live in a___1___area up in the hills. Our driveway is barely wide enough for one car, with a ravine (深溝) on one side. While I was starting the car slowly, a flash of sunlight___2___me. I put my hand up to block the sunlight. Suddenly, the car slipped in the soft soil, and rolled down the ravine. After several rolls, we___3___upside down. I was stuck and felt a sharp pain in my chest. I looked over to find Honey. Luckily, she was okay.
We were at least 50 feet down. Just as I’d___4___, my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.
Calm down! It old myself. At least I could get Honey out of here. Painfully, I reached over and picked her up and___5___put her through a broken window. “Go home, baby.” She jumped to the ground and raced up the side of the ravine.
I could do nothing but sit there for hours. The last bit of light faded away.
Slam! Was that a car door? “Help!” I shouted with all my___6___.
“Mike! Where are you?” It was Robin, my closest neighbor, who lived two miles downhill from me.
Half an hour later, the rescue crew___7___and rushed me to the hospital.
The next day Robin brought Honey to the hospital. She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled (依偎) close. With her there, it was like my pain___8___. “I got home from work and Honey was waiting for me,” Robin said. “She got___9___and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!” Robin figured he’d bring Honey back to my____10____, and that’s when he heard me shout.
Honey, my life-saving hero!
1.A.crowded B.new C.popular D.remote
2.A.covered B.blinded C.burnt D.warned
3.A.landed B.circled C.drove D.pulled
4.A.hesitated B.feared C.a(chǎn)greed D.doubted
5.A.a(chǎn)ctively B.constantly C.gently D.secretly
6.A.courage B.wisdom C.patience D.strength
7.A.called B.a(chǎn)rrived C.formed D.searched
8.A.returned B.spread C.froze D.disappeared
9.A.confused B.disappointed C.a(chǎn)nxious D.bored
10.A.house B.car C.hospital D.office


二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文
閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The world will observe International Museum Dayon May 18th. Since 1977, this day_____11_____(celebrate) by the International Council of Museums annually to raise awareness of the role that museums play in the development of society. The day is an excellent way of_____12_____(get) more of the younger generations interested in the history and culture available in museums. Every year, the organization_____13_____(decide) on a new theme. And the theme for 2023 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being.

閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
I am a 22-year-old artist. My journey through art led me to being an environmentalist.
_____14_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light. Although largely_____15_____ (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. In my hands, glass bottles, plastic bags, and other waste_____16_____(item) become a form of sustainable art. I want to motivate the people who buy this type of art to contribute to the planet’s welfare.

閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Reading is a unique human experience. Just by skimming our eyes over some words, we can_____17_____(mental) travel across time and space.
But reading can also be hard, especially when we’re faced with a difficult text.____18____(make) it an easier, more rewarding experience, you’d better read in print whenever possible. One reason for doing so is that our eyes are less likely to skim past printed words than those_____19_____screen. Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____20_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.


三、閱讀理解
Pacific Science Center fieldtrips have gone virtual! Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (課程) and arouse their curiosity. PacSci’s educators join your classroom live from our Curiosity Studio, and lead students through live sessions featuring some of your favorite STEAM activities. Each program is 40 minutes long. We may be able to accommodate shorter or longer programs to fit your needs!
AVAILABLE PROGRAMS
Piece of Mind
Cost: $ 300
Maximum Number of Participants: 40
Best for Grades: 6-10
Description: Be inspired by the power of the brain as students learn how it controls memory, movement, and sight. Discover how the brain functions through live activities and fun puzzles, and see a real human brain sample!
Stick the Landing
Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions)
Maximum Number of Participants: 30
Best for Grades: 9-12
Description: Over the course of 3 sessions, use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model of a Mar slander. Dive into past and future missions to Mars and carefully consider the criteria and restrictions for real Mars missions. Learn how engineers are just one of the many careers that contribute to complex solar system missions.
Night Sky Tonight
Cost Varies by Group Size
·1-99 participants: $ 250
·100-199 participants: $ 350
·200+participants: $550
Maximum Number of Participants: Unlimited
Best for Grades: 3-12
Description: Become a true backyard astronomer. Learn how living on a giant spinning ball changes what can be seen each night. Discover how to find stars, and even how the sky can be used to find directions!
Ecosystem Investigators
Cost: $ 200
Maximum Number of Participants: 50
Best for Grades: 3-8
Description: Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment. Using new knowledge about ecosystem interactions, become a wetland scientist and explore the relationship between organisms in a real pond sample. For more details, please check out our Program Requirements.
21.What can we learn about Pacific Science Center fieldtrips?
A.Each program is for one certain grade.
B.The expense for each program varies.
C.The length for each program is unchangeable.
D.Every program has a max number of participants.
22.Cooperation is needed in the program .
A.Piece of Mind B.Stick the Landing
C.Nigh tSky Tonight D.Ecosystem Investigators
23.The passage is intended for .
A.tour guides B.research scientists
C.school teachers D.program designers

Run by Society for Science, Regeneron Science Talent Search is a premier science and math competition for high-school seniors. One of the winners of this year is 17-year-oldE than Wong, who tries to improve existing technology. His focus: airplanes.
Nearly all planes have a tail. The tail keeps the plane’s nose from suddenly changing direction during a turn. The structure adds stability but weighs the plane down. Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. But there’s a catch. Those wings must twist(彎曲) in a very precise way that makes them hard to produce.
Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.
“Essentially what I did was just trial and error,” Ethan says. Using a computer model of an airplane wing, he adjusted the angle of twist along the wing until it could achieve tailless flight. Usually, such a wing requires a continuous distribution of wing twist. But he could achieve a similar effect with wings that had just a few sections of twist. “It’s super easy to make,” Ethan says.
In his garage, Ethan built model airplanes using rubber materials and packing tape totes this design. “Seeing the plane in the air was pretty cool,” Ethan says. “It just flew really, really well.”
Lighter, more efficient planes could open the door to other air travel innovations. “It’s been a long-term goal of mine to build a solar plane that can fly through the day powered by solar panels on its wings,” Ethan says. “It is absolutely possible for a really efficient plane.”
To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”
24.What is one advantage of the tailless airplane?
A.It makes aircraft design easier.
B.It is environmentally friendly.
C.It reduces production costs.
D.It promotes flight stability.
25.What drew Ethan’s attention to the tailless airplane design?
A.The breakthrough in aircraft materials.
B.The flight of an aircraft in a video.
C.The prize for original design.
D.The desire for innovation.
26.In Ethan’s opinion, what help inventors realize their dreams?
A.Ambition and efficiency.
B.Enthusiasm and responsibility.
C.Passion and determination.
D.Confidence and independence.

Besides the theory of evolution, Charles Darwin was also responsible for the theory of emotion, the most important principle of which was that the mind consists of two competing forces, the rational(理性的)and the emotional. He believed emotions played a part in the lives of non-human animals, but in humans emotions were a very small remaining part whose usefulness had been largely replaced by the evolution of reason.
This theory dominated his field for more than a century, but it was dead wrong. We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.
Consider a pioneering 2020 study in which researchers analyzed the work of 118 professional traders at four investment banks. Some were highly successful, but many were not. The researchers’ goal was to understand what differentiated the two groups. Their conclusion? The traders had different attitudes toward emotions.
The relatively less successful traders for the most part denied that emotions had an effect on their decision-making. The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion. Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down. The issue for them was not how to avoid emotion, but how to harness it.
If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work? Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you aren’t. People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time. As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(調(diào)整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.
The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better? Value and regulate your emotion.
27.Based on the study, successful traders would .
A.reveal their hidden emotions
B.owe their success to emotions
C.review decisions depending on emotions
D.examine their actions influenced by emotions
28.What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A.Control and use. B.Analyse and release.
C.Face and adapt to. D.Understand and accept.
29.According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is the best example of Ralph Adolphs’ words?
A.Confidence may expose one to more chances.
B.Depression will consume one’s energy.
C.Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.
D.Optimism will affect one’s health.
30.What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A.The contributing factors to emotions.
B.The workable strategies of emotions.
C.The working principle of emotions.
D.The constructive role of emotions.

September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence. Most professors expressed concern. One wrote, “Grading something an AI wrote is an incredibly depressing waste of my life.”
As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible. After reviewing their 22 AI essays, I can tell you confidently that the technology just isn’t there. My students used free accessible text generators online and put in a lot of effort. But, if I had believed these were genuine student essays, the very best would have earned somewhere around a C or C-minus. Many of the essays had obvious red flags for AI generation: outdated facts, quotes from prior university presidents presented as current presidents, fictional professors and named student organizations that don’t exist. At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.
There has been a fair amount written about the supposed impressiveness of AI-generated text. There are even several high-profile AI-written articles, essays or even scientific papers or screenplays that showcase this impressiveness. In many of these cases, the “authors” have access to higher-quality language models than most students are currently able to use. But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.
My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.
It has been just over five years since computer scientists declared, “We should stop training radiologists(放射科醫(yī)生) now. Deep learning is going to do better than radiologists.” Well, we’re still training radiologists, and there’s no indication that deep learning is going to replace human doctors anytime soon. In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”.
31.What can we learn about the students in the experiment?
A.Their writing efficiency was affected.
B.Their essays were better structured.
C.They preferred AI-written essays.
D.They overcame AI’s weaknesses.
32.What does the author imply in Paragraph 3?
A.Online text generators are far from reliable.
B.Genuine student essays deserve higher marks.
C.Students need to have better mastery of technology.
D.Revising applications decide the quality of AI essays.
33.In the author’s opinion, what may discourage the use of AI text generators?
A.Standard criteria B.Strict regulations..
C.Clear instructions. D.Unique writing tasks.
34.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To assess AI’s influence on students’ writing.
B.To discuss the threat of AI to the teaching of writing.
C.To appeal for the appropriate application of AI text generators.
D.To analyse the differences between genuine and Al-written essays.


四、七選五
We have all been guilty of being over optimistic when predicting how long a task will take because of the planning fallacy. First identified in 1977, the planning fallacy was defined as: “the tendency to underestimate the amount of time needed to complete a future task, due in part to the reliance on overly optimistic performance scenarios (預(yù)測).”
It is extremely common._____35_____For instance, a study conducted with psychology students found that only 30% of them managed to complete their senior papers in the amount of time they predicted.
What’s more, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubborn problem._____36_____While we are able to recognise past predictions where we have been over-optimistic, we often keep on insisting that our current predictions are realistic.
The planning fallacy is such a deep-rooted behavior. However, there are a few systematic strategies you can use to start building the habit of double-checking your time estimates. For instance, you can take the outside view._____37_____Make sure to consult experts and people who have attempted to complete similar projects in the past. If you’re a student, talk to senior students; if you’re writing a book, join a network of writers.
_____38_____You need to differentiate between tasks that are urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important.
Once you have an objective estimate of the time it will take to complete a project, you need to make sure you have the time and resources to carry out your plan._____39_____Breakdown big tasks into smaller, manageable chunks. Don’t wait until the last minute to let people know you may need their help in the near future.
A.Defining your priorities also helps.
B.We don’t learn from our previous mistakes.
C.Do not base your estimates on your own criteria.
D.Focusing on fine details is the recommended practice.
E.We can see many failed or late projects, which lead to timewasting.
F.There have been lots of studies confirming the existence of the planning fallacy.
G.Block time in your calendar, and make sure the resources you need are available.


五、閱讀表達(dá)
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。
With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost.
I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.
For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us?
The truth is, it can.
Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.
Why does authenticity boost our teammates? This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.
40.How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking?
_______________________________________________________________
41.Why is it hard for people to display their true selves?
_______________________________________________________________
42.Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
_______________________________________________________________
43.Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us?(In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________


六、推薦信
44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國筆友Jim來信提及他參加了學(xué)校舉辦的“從地標(biāo)建筑讀懂一座城市”的世界城市展示活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你用英文給他回一封電子郵件,談?wù)勀愕南敕ā?nèi)容包括:
1.你推薦的城市及其地標(biāo)建筑;
2.推薦理由。
注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
提示詞:地標(biāo)landmark
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

參考答案:

1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在山區(qū)發(fā)生車禍,手機(jī)也沒有信號(hào),于是把自己的狗Honey先救了出去,結(jié)果Honey叫來了鄰居,從而讓作者得救了。
1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我們住在山上的一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。A. crowded擁擠的;B. new新的;C. popular流行的;D. remote遙遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)后文“area up in the hills”可知是住在遙遠(yuǎn)的山區(qū)。故選D。
2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)我慢慢地發(fā)動(dòng)汽車時(shí),一道陽光照得我睜不開眼睛。A. covered覆蓋;B. blinded使失明;C. burnt燃燒;D. warned警告。根據(jù)后文“I put my hand up to block the sunlight.(我舉起手擋住陽光)”可知,陽光刺眼,作者睜不開眼睛,故選B。
3.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:翻了幾圈后,我們倒著著陸了。A. landed著陸;B. circled環(huán)繞;C. drove駕駛;D. pulled拉。根據(jù)上文“After several rolls, we”指作者翻車最后頭朝下著陸了。故選A。
4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:正如我所擔(dān)心的,我的手機(jī)收不到信號(hào)。A. hesitated猶豫;B. feared恐懼;C. agreed同意;D. doubted懷疑。根據(jù)后文“my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.”可知,由于位置偏遠(yuǎn),所以和作者擔(dān)心的一樣擔(dān)心的,手機(jī)收不到信號(hào)。故選B。
5.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我痛苦地伸手把她抱起來,輕輕地把她從一扇破窗戶里塞了出去。A. actively活躍地;B. constantly持續(xù)地;C. gently溫柔地;D. secretly秘密地。根據(jù)后文“put her through a broken window”可知,玻璃碎了,所以動(dòng)作輕。故選C。
6.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我用盡全力叫喊。A. courage勇氣;B. wisdom智慧;C. patience耐心;D. strength力量。根據(jù)上文““Help!” I shouted with all my”指作者用盡全力求救,故選D。
7.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:半小時(shí)后,救援人員趕到,把我緊急送往醫(yī)院。A. called打電話;B. arrived到達(dá);C. formed形成;D. searched搜索。根據(jù)后文“and rushed me to the hospital”指救援人員趕到,把作者緊急送往醫(yī)院。故選B。
8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:有了她,我的痛苦就消失了。A. returned返回;B. spread傳播;C. froze凍結(jié);D. disappeared消失。根據(jù)上文“She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled close.(她在床上緊挨著我,依偎在我身邊)”指有了狗的陪伴,作者的痛苦也消失了。故選D。
9.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:她變得焦慮起來,繞著圈子跑,好像她想告訴我什么!A. confused困惑的;B. disappointed失望的;C. anxious焦慮的;D. bored厭倦的。根據(jù)后文“and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!”指狗非常焦慮,繞著圈子跑,故選C。
10.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:Robin想他會(huì)把Honey帶回我家,就在那時(shí)他聽到了我的呼喊。A. house房子;B. car汽車;C. hospital醫(yī)院;D. office辦公室。Honey是作者的狗,所以是帶回作者家里。故選A。
11.has been celebrated 12.getting 13.decides

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是國際博物館日。
11.考查時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:自1977年以來,國際博物館理事會(huì)每年都會(huì)慶祝這一天,以提高人們對(duì)博物館在社會(huì)發(fā)展中所起作用的認(rèn)識(shí)。由Since 1977可知,句子時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),由by可知,句子用被動(dòng)語態(tài),因此空格處是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),即have/has been done,主語this day是單數(shù),因此空格處是has been celebrated,故填has been celebrated。
12.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:這一天是讓更多的年輕一代對(duì)博物館的歷史和文化感興趣的好方法。fo是介詞,其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語,故填getting。
13.考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:每年,該組織都會(huì)決定一個(gè)新的主題。由Every year可知,句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語organization是單數(shù),因此空格處用第三人稱單數(shù),故填decides。
14.What 15.ignored 16.items

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的藝術(shù)之旅作者我成為了一名環(huán)保主義者。
14.考查名詞性從句。句意:當(dāng)我們從不同的角度思考時(shí),我們認(rèn)為浪費(fèi)的東西可能是有用的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句為主語從句。從句缺少賓語補(bǔ)足語,指物,所以用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填What。
15.考查狀語從句的省略。句意:雖然在很大程度上被忽視,但被丟棄的材料為我們藝術(shù)家提供了大量的資源,讓它們重獲新生。Although引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若謂語部分含有be動(dòng)詞,而主語又跟主句主語相同時(shí),則從句中主語和be動(dòng)詞常一起省略。從句省略了they were,所以用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。故填ignored。
16.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:在我的手中,玻璃瓶、塑料袋和其他廢物變成了一種可持續(xù)的藝術(shù)形式。other后常接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填items。
17.mentally 18.To make 19.on 20.which

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。閱讀是一種獨(dú)特的人類體驗(yàn)。閱讀時(shí),我們應(yīng)該盡可能地閱讀紙質(zhì)書。
17.考查副詞。句意:只要我們的眼睛掠過一些單詞,我們就可以在精神上穿越時(shí)空。根據(jù)句意和所給形容詞mental分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入mental的副詞形式mentally作狀語,修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。故填mentally。
18.考查不定式。句意:為了讓閱讀變得更容易、更有意義,你最好盡可能地閱讀紙質(zhì)書。根據(jù)句意和所給動(dòng)詞make分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入不定式to make作目的狀語。故填To make。
19.考查介詞。句意:這樣做的一個(gè)原因是,與屏幕上的單詞相比,我們的眼睛更不太可能跳過印刷的單詞。根據(jù)句意和空格后的名詞screen可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入介詞on和名詞screen搭配,on screen(在屏幕上)。故填on。
20.考查定語從句。句意:此外,在實(shí)體頁面上瀏覽內(nèi)容有助于大腦對(duì)信息進(jìn)行心理映射,這反過來又使其更容易在未來記住細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)句意分析句子可知,    in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,該定語從句缺少主語,所以空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞,代替前面句子的內(nèi)容在從句中作主語,所以,應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
21.B 22.D 23.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,主要介紹的是太平洋科學(xué)中心的課程的一些程序。
21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每一個(gè)程序中的介紹中的“Cost: $ 300(費(fèi)用:300美元)”,“Cost: $500(費(fèi)用:$500)”,“Cost Varies by Group Size·1-99 participants: $ 250·100-199 participants: $ 350·200+participants: $550(費(fèi)用因團(tuán)隊(duì)規(guī)模而異·1-99人:250美元·100-199人:350美元·200人以上:550美元)”,“Cost: $ 200(費(fèi)用:200美元)”可知,這些程序的費(fèi)用各不相同,故選B。
22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ecosystem Investigators部分的“Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment.(作為一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì),創(chuàng)建一個(gè)虛擬的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模型,揭示生物和非生物部分如何在水生環(huán)境中連接和相互作用)”可知,需要合作的程序是Ecosystem Investigators,故選D。
23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (課程) and arouse their curiosity.(為您的學(xué)生帶來PacSci實(shí)地考察的樂趣和興奮,同時(shí)為他們提供豐富的課程內(nèi)容,以增強(qiáng)您的課程并激發(fā)他們的好奇心)”可知,本文是給老師寫的,故選C。
24.B 25.B 26.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了美國再生元科學(xué)天才獎(jiǎng)的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺狤than Wong,他的研究方向是無尾設(shè)計(jì)的飛機(jī),介紹了其設(shè)計(jì)思路等。
24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. (無尾設(shè)計(jì)的飛機(jī)機(jī)翼可以起到與機(jī)尾相同的作用,還可以減少航空旅行的環(huán)境成本。)”可知,無尾設(shè)計(jì)的飛機(jī)機(jī)翼可以減少航空旅行的環(huán)境成本,也就是更為環(huán)保。故選B。
25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.(當(dāng)Ethan看到NASA的Prandtl-D飛機(jī)沒有尾翼優(yōu)雅地在空中滑翔的視頻時(shí),他被這種飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)迷住了?!拔抑皇怯X得這真的很酷,” Ethan說。他想知道是否能找到一種更簡單的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)同樣的無尾飛行。)”可知,Ethan之所以開始研究無尾飛機(jī)是因?yàn)樗吹搅艘欢我曨l,視頻里的飛機(jī)沒有尾翼卻優(yōu)雅地在空中滑翔。故選B。
26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”(對(duì)于其他有重大工程想法的青少年,Ethan總是說:“永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄?!奔词褂行C(jī)器讓人感覺無法理解,它也能幫助我們記住,世界上最偉大的發(fā)明家也是人類。Ethan補(bǔ)充道:“同時(shí),要確保你熱愛你所做的一切。這將使追求一切變得容易得多?!?”可知,Ethan認(rèn)為發(fā)明家想要實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想不要放棄,也就是要有毅力;同時(shí)要熱愛自己所做的一切,也就是要有熱情。故選C。
27.D 28.A 29.C 30.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹情緒對(duì)人類有很大的影響,會(huì)影響人們的決策,有助于人們的理性推理。
27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion.(相比之下,最成功的交易員則持不同的態(tài)度。他們非常愿意反思自己受情緒驅(qū)使的行為。他們認(rèn)識(shí)到情緒和好的決策是有聯(lián)系的。他們承認(rèn)情緒對(duì)于高績效是必要的,他們傾向于批判性地反思情緒的作用。)”可知,成功的交易員愿意審視自己受情緒驅(qū)使的行為。故選D。
28.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文可知,成功的交易員更愿意審視自己受情緒驅(qū)使的行為。再根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down.(雖然成功的交易員接受了情緒所扮演的積極和重要的角色,但他們明白,當(dāng)情緒變得過于強(qiáng)烈時(shí),知道如何緩和它們是有用的。)”可知,成功的交易員接受了情緒的作用,但是他們知道如何緩和情緒。由此判斷,問題不在于如何避免情緒,而在于如何去處理或者駕馭。選項(xiàng)A“Control and use (控制和利用)”;選項(xiàng)B“Analyse and release (分析和釋放)”;選項(xiàng)C“Face and adapt to (面對(duì)和適應(yīng))”;選項(xiàng)D“Understand and accept (理解和接受)”。故選A。
29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(調(diào)整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.”(正如加州理工學(xué)院的神經(jīng)學(xué)家Ralph Adolphs所說:“每種情緒都是一種心理功能狀態(tài),它使你的大腦處于一種特定的運(yùn)作模式,調(diào)整你的目標(biāo),引導(dǎo)你的注意力,并在你進(jìn)行心理計(jì)算時(shí)修改你分配給各種因素的權(quán)重?!?”以及引文上一句“People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time.(人們通常不會(huì)意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn),但他們的思維過程的框架受到他們當(dāng)時(shí)的感受的高度影響。)”可知,人們的思維過程會(huì)受到當(dāng)時(shí)的情緒的影響,因此也會(huì)調(diào)整目標(biāo)或行為。與這種說法相一致的是選項(xiàng)C“C. Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.(憤怒可能導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人冒險(xiǎn)。)”指的正是如果當(dāng)時(shí)憤怒,你就會(huì)在憤怒的情緒下調(diào)整自己的行為。故選C。
30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.(我們現(xiàn)在知道,相反,情緒會(huì)增強(qiáng)我們的推理過程,幫助我們做出決策。事實(shí)上,如果不受情緒的影響,我們就無法做出決定,甚至無法思考。)”以及文章最后一段“The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better? Value and regulate your emotion.(這種關(guān)于情感的新觀點(diǎn)可能與達(dá)爾文的觀點(diǎn)不一致,但它確實(shí)支持了達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論的一個(gè)基本結(jié)論:人類與非人類動(dòng)物的區(qū)別并不像人們所認(rèn)為的那樣大。想過得更好嗎?重視和調(diào)節(jié)你的情緒。)”可知,文章主要講述的是情緒對(duì)人類所起的建設(shè)性作用。故選D。
31.A 32.A 33.D 34.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人工智能引發(fā)的學(xué)術(shù)焦慮,作者通過實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們,我們不需要過于擔(dān)憂人工智能的使用。
31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue.??I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible.(隨著網(wǎng)上的沮喪情緒愈演愈烈,我讓我的學(xué)生們(他們大多是寫作專業(yè)的學(xué)生)就一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)貑栴}提交一份2000字的提案。我要求他們盡可能地依賴AI。)”“At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.(與此同時(shí),學(xué)生們報(bào)告說,使用人工智能比簡單地用傳統(tǒng)方式寫論文需要更多的時(shí)間。)”可知,作者要求學(xué)生盡可能依賴AI來進(jìn)行寫作,而學(xué)生認(rèn)為這樣要比傳統(tǒng)的寫論文更費(fèi)時(shí)間。由此判斷,使用AI技術(shù)使得學(xué)生的寫作效率受到了影響。故選A。
32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.(但是,更重要的是,發(fā)表的例子通常是專業(yè)作家和編輯的潤色形式。相比之下,我的許多學(xué)生的人工智能論文顯示了學(xué)生寫作的常見問題——不確定合適的寫作風(fēng)格,組織和過渡的問題,以及不一致的分段。顯然,用人工智能寫一篇高質(zhì)量的文章需要有很高的寫作技巧和修改技巧來產(chǎn)生適當(dāng)?shù)妮敵觥?”可以推斷,用AI文本生成器想寫一篇高質(zhì)量的文章是不太可能的。因此,作者認(rèn)為AI文本生成器并不可靠。故選A。
33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.(我的實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我,一份好的作業(yè)表是對(duì)抗人工智能論文的最佳方法。如果你的作業(yè)是“描述美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的原因”,你更有可能得到人工智能或下載的論文提交。我的作業(yè)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),因?yàn)樗髮W(xué)生解決當(dāng)?shù)仃P(guān)注的問題。AI文本生成器所使用的數(shù)據(jù)中沒有足夠的相關(guān)例子。)”可知,作者認(rèn)為如果不想讓學(xué)生使用AI文本生成器,教師可以布置獨(dú)特的寫作任務(wù),這樣學(xué)生就無法使用AI文本生成器。故選D。
34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence.(2022年9月顯然是人工智能論文焦慮在學(xué)術(shù)界爆發(fā)的一個(gè)月,此前一名人工智能寫作服務(wù)的用戶聲稱,用人工智能“寫”的論文得到了全A。大多數(shù)教授對(duì)此表示擔(dān)憂。)”以及最后一段“In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”(同樣地,我強(qiáng)烈懷疑完全的機(jī)器人寫作將永遠(yuǎn)是“指日可待”。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要討論了人工智能對(duì)于寫作教學(xué)的威脅,作者認(rèn)為人們無需太過于擔(dān)憂機(jī)器人寫作會(huì)代替學(xué)生寫作。故選B。
35.F 36.B 37.C 38.A 39.G

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹的是規(guī)劃謬誤和避免這個(gè)問題的方法。
35.空前說“It is extremely common.(這是非常普遍的。)”,說明規(guī)劃謬誤現(xiàn)象是普遍存在的,空后說“For instance, a study conducted with psychology students found that only 30% of them managed to complete their senior papers in the amount of time they predicted.(例如,一項(xiàng)針對(duì)心理學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),只有30%的學(xué)生能夠在他們預(yù)計(jì)的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成他們的畢業(yè)論文。)”,這說明有研究證實(shí)了規(guī)劃謬誤的存在,F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“There have been lots of studies confirming the existence of the planning fallacy.(已有大量研究證實(shí)了規(guī)劃謬誤的存在。)”說明了有研究證明了它的存在,因此承上啟下,符合語境,故選F。
36.空前說“What’s more, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubborn problem.(此外,規(guī)劃謬誤是一個(gè)難以置信的頑固問題。)”,說明人們會(huì)很頑固,空后說“While we are able to recognise past predictions where we have been over-optimistic, we often keep on insisting that our current predictions are realistic.(雖然我們能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到我們過去的預(yù)測過于樂觀,但我們經(jīng)常堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為我們目前的預(yù)測是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。)”,說明我們堅(jiān)持錯(cuò)誤的預(yù)測,B選項(xiàng)“We don’t learn from our previous mistakes.(我們不會(huì)從以前的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。)”說明了我們會(huì)堅(jiān)持錯(cuò)誤的預(yù)測,不會(huì)吸取教訓(xùn),因此承上啟下,符合語境,故選B。
37.空后說“Make sure to consult experts and people who have attempted to complete similar projects in the past. If you’re a student, talk to senior students; if you’re writing a book, join a network of writers.(一定要咨詢專家和過去嘗試過類似項(xiàng)目的人。如果你是一名學(xué)生,和高年級(jí)學(xué)生交談;如果你正在寫一本書,加入一個(gè)作家圈子。)”,說明要參考別人的意見,C選項(xiàng)“Do not base your estimates on your own criteria.(不要把你的估計(jì)建立在自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上。)”說明了要參考別人的意見,因此引起下文,符合語境,故選C。
38.空格處是本段的主旨句,由空后的“You need to differentiate between tasks that are urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important.(你需要區(qū)分緊急和重要的任務(wù),重要但不緊急的任務(wù),緊急但不重要的任務(wù),既不緊急也不重要的任務(wù)。)”可知,本段主要講的是要明確你的優(yōu)先級(jí),A選項(xiàng)“Defining your priorities also helps.(明確你的優(yōu)先級(jí)也有幫助。)”說明要明確優(yōu)先級(jí),因此概括了本段內(nèi)容,可作為主旨句,故選A。
39.空前說“Once you have an objective estimate of the time it will take to complete a project, you need to make sure you have the time and resources to carry out your plan.(一旦你對(duì)完成一個(gè)項(xiàng)目所需要的時(shí)間有了一個(gè)客觀的估計(jì),你就需要確保你有時(shí)間和資源來執(zhí)行你的計(jì)劃。)”,說明要確保有時(shí)間來執(zhí)行計(jì)劃,空格處應(yīng)該要說具體該怎么來確保有這個(gè)時(shí)間,G選項(xiàng)“Block time in your calendar, and make sure the resources you need are available.(在你的日歷上留出時(shí)間,確保你需要的資源是可獲得的。)”說明了確保執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的時(shí)間的具體方法,因此承接上文,符合語境,故選G。
40.He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved. 41.Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment. 42.Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe. 43.When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life.


【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹在社會(huì)壓力巨大的情況下,個(gè)人傾向于隱藏自己的弱點(diǎn)是可以理解的,但這樣做是有代價(jià)的。
40.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段“To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.(令我又驚又喜的是,一個(gè)比較活躍的成員要求我們停下來休息一下。在注意到團(tuán)隊(duì)中其他人明顯松了一口氣后,我很快意識(shí)到我并不是唯一一個(gè)隱藏自己弱點(diǎn)的人。)”可知,在徒步旅行時(shí),當(dāng)有一位隊(duì)員要求休息時(shí),作者感到又驚又喜;同時(shí)根據(jù)下一句,團(tuán)隊(duì)中有人明顯松了一口氣可知,作者也感到放松了。故答案為He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved。
41.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段“For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times.(對(duì)我們中的許多人來說,在日常生活中,真實(shí)或表現(xiàn)出真實(shí)的自我是相當(dāng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。作為社會(huì)生物,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了適應(yīng)和融入我們的環(huán)境,有時(shí)展示我們內(nèi)心是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知,我們之所以不愿意展示真實(shí)的自我是因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了適應(yīng)和融入我們的環(huán)境。故答案為Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment。
42.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段“This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work.(這是因?yàn)檎嬲\的隊(duì)友不會(huì)以犧牲自己的工作或人際關(guān)系為代價(jià)來優(yōu)先保護(hù)自己。相反,他們?cè)谧鰶Q定時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到自己和他人的利益。這讓他們的同事在做自己的時(shí)候感到安全。)”可知,真誠的員工在工作中會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到自己和他人的利益,這會(huì)讓他們的同事感到安全。因此判斷“Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.”中的“feel safe”是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)該是真誠的員工讓同事感到安全。故答案為Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe。
43.開放題。要求考生談?wù)務(wù)鎸?shí)性還能給我們帶來什么好處,考生言之有理即可。參考答案為When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life。
44.Dear Jim,
Good to hear from you, and what an interesting activity! We can really tell a lot about a city from its buildings.
I know you are a fan of Chinese architecture, so if you haven’t decided which city to pick, you may consider Beijing, with the Forbidden City as a distinctive landmark.
Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years. It has witnessed the changes of the city. Thus, it is surely a worthy landmark of Beijing and a good choice for your project.
I hope my advice will be helpful. Wish you every success.
Yours,
Li Hua
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給英國筆友Jim回一封電子郵件,談?wù)剬?duì)你他參加了學(xué)校舉辦的“從地標(biāo)建筑讀懂一座城市”的世界城市展示活動(dòng)的想法。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
高興的:good →pleased
決定:decide → determine
見證:witness →see
建議:advice → suggestion
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句:Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.
拓展句:Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, which is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.(運(yùn)用了過去分詞作狀語)
【高分句型2】I hope my advice will be helpful.(運(yùn)用了賓語從句)

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