小學(xué)英語(yǔ)There be句型講義There be句型的定義:There be句型是一種表示“存在”的句型。這種句型通常以there作形式主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常為動(dòng)詞be的某種形式,后跟名詞或名詞短語(yǔ),最后帶有地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。There be句型的一般結(jié)構(gòu)There + be +名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(有時(shí)是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))。例如:There is a pen in the pencil box.文具盒里有一支鋼筆。There are some cows on the farm.農(nóng)場(chǎng)上有一些奶牛。be動(dòng)詞的形式There be句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be通常要與后面的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)保持“數(shù)” 的一致。所以這種名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)通常叫作“實(shí)義主語(yǔ)”,而引導(dǎo)詞there則是“形式主語(yǔ)”。例如:[來(lái)源:Z&xx&k.Com]There is no school here.這里沒(méi)有學(xué)校。There are four schools in the city.這座城市里.有四所學(xué)校。There be句型的時(shí)態(tài)There be句型與其他普通句型一樣,有時(shí)態(tài)的變化,可以分為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)以及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等。如:There is/was a watch on the desk.桌子上有塊手表。There are/were some apples in the basket.籃子里有些蘋果。There will be an important meeting next Monday.下周一將有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)]There have been a lot of visitors in our country since last July.自去年7月份以來(lái),我國(guó)有許多游客。There be句型的否定式There be句型否定式的基本構(gòu)成是:There be + not/no +名詞或名詞詞組。There be + not(后而通常接a/an/any )+名詞或名詞詞組。如:There isn’t a book on the desk.桌子上沒(méi)有一本書。[來(lái)源:Z|xx|k.Com]There weren’t any people in the square.廣場(chǎng)上沒(méi)有人°There be + no +名詞或名詞詞組。如:[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]There was no water in the glass.杯子里沒(méi)有水。There were no pictures on the wall.墻上沒(méi)有畫。There is no such thing at all.根本沒(méi)有這樣的事。There be結(jié)構(gòu)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.否定句:there be句型的否定式通常在be后加not(在口語(yǔ)中be時(shí)常與not縮寫在一起)。如果句中有some,要變成any。例如:There are some children in the picture.圖片上有一些小孩。→There aren’t any children in the picture.圖片上沒(méi)有小孩。一般疑問(wèn)句及其答語(yǔ):把be提到there前,首字母大寫,句末用問(wèn)號(hào)即可。其肯定答語(yǔ)是Yes, there is/are;否定答語(yǔ)為No, there isn’t/aren’t。例如:-Are there two birds in the tree?樹(shù)上有兩只鳥嗎?-Yes, there are. /No , there aren't.是的,有。/ 不,沒(méi)有。3特殊疑問(wèn)句及其答語(yǔ):(1)提問(wèn)句子的主語(yǔ)(包括主語(yǔ)前的修飾語(yǔ))時(shí),句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“What is+地點(diǎn)介詞短語(yǔ)”(無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)都用is)。例如:There are some apples on the tree.樹(shù)上有一些蘋果。→What’s on the tree?樹(shù)上有什么?[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)](2)提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)前的數(shù)量時(shí),用“how many”句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“How many +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ are there+其他”(無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞通常要用are)。例如:There is a football under the desk.課桌下面有一個(gè)足球。→Howmany footballs are there under the desk?課桌下面有多少個(gè)足球?There be句型中的就近原則如果There be句型中有幾個(gè)并列主語(yǔ),be動(dòng)詞的形式要與離其最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致,也就是我們通常所說(shuō)的“就近原則”。例如:There is a computer and two telephones on the desk.課桌上有一臺(tái)電腦和兩部電話機(jī)。There are two telephones and a computer on the desk.課桌上有兩部電話機(jī)和一臺(tái)電腦。There be句型與have的用法區(qū)別There be表示某地“存在/有”某人或某物;而have表示某人“擁有”某物,強(qiáng)調(diào)所有關(guān)系,主語(yǔ)多是人。一、have和has也表示“有”。只是它所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是所屬性質(zhì),而There be句型強(qiáng)調(diào)的是存在性。二、have和has的選擇取決于主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是第一人稱、第二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用have;單數(shù)第三人稱用has。I have a dream.He/she/Jim has a dream.三、have和has表示“有”,是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,因此變否定句在其前面加don’t或者doesn’t。如果是單數(shù)第三人稱的情況,加doesn’t之后將has還原成動(dòng)詞原形have。I don’t have a dream.He/she/Jim doesn’t have a dream.四、變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),將助動(dòng)詞放在句首,單三將has還原成have,并在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào)。Do you have a dream? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.Does he/she/Jim have a dream? Yes, he/she/Jim does. No, he/she/Jim doesn’t.