重難點(diǎn)21 賓語從句-2023年中考英語【熱點(diǎn)·重點(diǎn)·難點(diǎn)】專練（全國通用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

專項(xiàng)四復(fù)合句重難點(diǎn)21 賓語從句1.賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1.1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.1.2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?I don’t know why the train is late.1.3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.2.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序，即按照主語、謂語的順序。2.1. 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.2.2. 一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard.3. 賓語從句主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。3.1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），那么賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. I don’t think (that) you are right.3.2. 如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么賓語從句一定要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）。He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.3.3. 如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.方法技巧賓語從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。陳述句子用that；一般疑問是否(if，whether)替；特殊問句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意；主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。三是語序要記清，從句永保陳述序。4.賓語從句種類具體分述4.1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that 是賓語從句的一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，放在主句和從句之間。它引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來，故從句的語序不變。在that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that 作連接代詞，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中通?？梢允÷?。4.1.1.that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的用法4.1.1.1. 位置：that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）、介詞或形容詞之后。①作及物動(dòng)詞，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的賓語。如：　She says that she will help me learn English this evening. 她說今天晚上她會幫我學(xué)英語。②作介詞的賓語：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except，but，in之后。如：He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一個(gè)好男孩，只是有點(diǎn)兒粗心。③作＂be + 形容詞＂結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語。某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，連詞that可省略。如：I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高興我通過了考試。4.1.1.2. 時(shí)態(tài)：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)具體情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)；主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句中也必須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。試比較： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他說他想盡快見到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他說他想盡快見到他。【特別提醒】當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，而賓語從句的內(nèi)容表示的是客觀真理、事實(shí)、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、格言、諺語等時(shí)，此時(shí)賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，這些情況下不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制。如：The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老師告訴我們地球圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 4.1.1.3. 引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略的幾種情況：引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that通?？梢允÷裕?/span>She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她說過要來開會的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答應(yīng)你我會去的。【注意】有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可位于句首，此時(shí)that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一個(gè)好姑娘，我是知道的。4.1.1.4. 引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略的幾種情況：that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，并不是在任何情況下都可以省略，在以下幾種情況下，that不能省略。①從句的主語是that時(shí)，that不能省略；We know that is an interesting film. 我們知道那是一部有趣的電影。②and連接的兩個(gè)表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時(shí)，有時(shí)省去第一個(gè)從句的連詞that，但第二個(gè)從句的連詞that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告訴我他們決定不了去做什么并且問了我的意見。③that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 對他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。4.1.1.5. 如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小張昨天沒來，我們覺得很奇怪。4.1.1.6. 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，謂語盡管是否定的意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?，英語稱這種現(xiàn)象為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如：①我認(rèn)為今晚他不能來。【誤】I think he can’t come this evening.【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.②他認(rèn)為我們現(xiàn)在不在教室里。【誤】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.【特別警示】含有＂否定轉(zhuǎn)移＂現(xiàn)象的句子，主句的主語必須是第一人稱，此時(shí)，變成反意疑問句，附加問句要由從句來決定；如果主句的主語是其他人稱，附加問句要由主句來決定。如：I don’t think he is right, is he? 我認(rèn)為他不對，是嗎？He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他認(rèn)為我能來，是不是？4.1.1.7. 如果賓語從句中含有否定意義的副詞或形容詞。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑問句要用肯定形式。如：We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不?？赐膵寢?，是嗎？4.1.1.8. that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只變主句，不變從句。實(shí)際上，我們經(jīng)常把It is said that ...（據(jù)說……）；It is known that ...（眾所周知……）；It is reported that ...（據(jù)報(bào)告……）等當(dāng)作固定句式來運(yùn)用。如：It is said that he is from Canada. 據(jù)說他來自加拿大。4.2.疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句特殊疑問句作賓語從句時(shí)，由疑問詞 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引導(dǎo)。賓語從句的詞序一律用陳述句的詞序，即＂主語+謂語＂詞序。①帶有系動(dòng)詞be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑問句。主句賓語從句Do you knowhow old Liz is? 你知道茲幾歲嗎?I knowhow old Liz is. 我知道莉茲幾歲。I don’t knowhow old Liz is. 我不知道莉茲幾歲。賓語從句＂how old Liz is＂是主句動(dòng)詞know的賓語。how在從句中作副詞。注意從句的順序，主語在動(dòng)詞前（Liz is)。②帶有（情態(tài)）助動(dòng)詞is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑問句When is Ann going to lran? 安什么時(shí)候去伊朗？→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么時(shí)候去伊朗嗎？→ I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么時(shí)候去伊朗。What should I do? 我該怎么辦？→ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告訴我，我該怎么辦嗎？→ Please tell me what I should do. 請告訴我，我該怎么辦。Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？→ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里嗎？→ I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。③帶有助動(dòng)詞do/does/did的特殊疑問句。Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了？→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了嗎？→ I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不記得我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了。What does Sue think about Lulu? 蘇對露露的看法是什么？→ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道蘇對露露的看法是什么嗎？→ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道蘇對露露的看法是什么。注意：（1）由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序，故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請看下列兩組句子：How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）當(dāng)疑問代詞what、who在特殊疑問句中作主語時(shí)，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當(dāng)該句用來作賓語時(shí)，語序不需要調(diào)整。 What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her.What’s the matter? 怎么了？→ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him?→ We want to know what has happened to him.4.3.if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)從句部分是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句時(shí)，常用if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，if/whether意為＂是否＂。說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通?？梢曰Q?？谡Z中多用if代替whether。在非正式的寫作中，可以使用if 或 whether 兩個(gè)詞來表達(dá)不定性，兩者都算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是個(gè)司機(jī)。Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 愛麗絲想知道她是否考試及格了。【拓展】一般情況下，if和whether可互換，在口語中多用if，而在以下幾種情況下，只能用whether。1. 與 or 連用分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)從句時(shí)，或強(qiáng)調(diào)兩方面的選擇, 特別是句中有or not時(shí)用whether，不用if。I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他們是否會來。Let me know whether you can come or not.2. 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether。He dosen’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否會去。Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 請告訴我們是去那里還是待在這里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. 3. 在介詞之后只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而If則不能。It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取決于我是否有足夠的時(shí)間。Success depends on whether we make enough effort. 4. 賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用whether，不用if。Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.5. 在某些動(dòng)詞（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虛擬語氣） 6. 在引導(dǎo)否定概念賓語從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不用whether。He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引導(dǎo)。因?yàn)?/span>don’t doubt 意為相信，不懷疑，if是否表示疑慮。賓語從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查的是時(shí)態(tài)及賓語從句的語序，有時(shí)也會考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也會考查到賓語從句。因此學(xué)生要熟練掌握賓語從句的用法。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2. 賓語從句的語序；3. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。典例解析1.— Do you know ____________?—At 9:00 tomorrow morning.A. when the video meeting beganB. when did the video meeting beginC. when the video meeting will beginD. when will the video meeting begin【答案】C【解析】——句意：你知道視頻會議什么時(shí)候開始嗎?——明天上午九點(diǎn)。考查賓語從句。問句是一個(gè)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，賓語從句中從句語序應(yīng)該為陳述句語序，因此排除B和D；根據(jù)答語“At 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.”可知詢問的應(yīng)該是將來的事，用一般將來時(shí)，選項(xiàng)A是一般過去時(shí)，故選C。2.The policeman asked the little boy if ________ his home.A. he could find B. could he find C. he can find【答案】A【解析】句意：警察問那個(gè)小男孩能否找到他的家?？疾橘e語從句。he could find他能找到，陳述語序；could he find他能找到，疑問語序；he can find他能找到，陳述語序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，賓語從句要用陳述語序，排除B，結(jié)合主句中“asked”可知主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)態(tài)，排除C。故選A。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2022·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— Could you please tell me ________ when they meet for the first time in China?— They usually shake hands.A．what do people usually do B．what people usually doC．where do people usually go D．where people usually go2．（2022·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Can you tell me ________?—To get practical skills.A．what do you learn about safety B．when do you have the art festivalC．how you balance your studies and hobbies D．why you learn cooking at school3．（2022·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Jenny, do you know ________?—Er, next Tuesday.A．when the sports meeting will take place B．when will the sports meeting take placeC．where the sports meeting will take place D．where will the sports meeting take place4．（2022·廣西梧州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Mr.Brown, could you tell me ________ our Chinese exam?—Sure. It will be in Room 201.A．when will we have B．where will we haveC．when we will have D．where we will have5．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— I wonder ________.— I’m not sure. Maybe yes.A．if has Dave got his driver’s licenseB．how long has Dave got his driver’s licenseC．if Dave has got his driver’s licenseD．how long Dave has got his driver’s license6．（2022·四川樂山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Hi, Jack. Do you know __________? I want to thank him or her in person. —No, it was just left on the front desk.A．who sent my wallet backB．where did they find my walletC．how much money was in my wallet7．（2022·湖南岳陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）They wonder _______.A．if robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 yearsB．if will robots think like a human in 25 to 50 yearsC．when robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years8．（2022·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—The 2022 Winter Olympics was held in China. Do you know ______?—Yes. In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.A．when it was held B．when was it held C．which cities was it held in D．which cities it was held in9．（2022·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Do you know _______?—She is a teacher.A．What is Linda’s job B．What Linda’s job is C．What was Linda’s job10．（2022·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— There will be a robot on show in our school next week.— Really? I wonder ________.A．what it likes B．what it is like C．what does it like D．what is it like11．（2022·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— I wonder ________ Dr. Li will be at work tomorrow, sir.— I’m not sure. He is volunteering in a community.A．how B．if C．why12．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）SHENZHOU-14 was lifted off successfully! Could you tell me _______?A．in which centre it will be lifted offB．who entered China Space Station this timeC．what will it mean to the development of ChinaD．that three astronauts entered China Space Station13．（2022·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— Excuse me. I am new here. Can you tell me ________?— Sure. Go straight and you will see it on your left.A．where is the nearest cinema B．where was the nearest cinemaC．where the nearest cinema is D．where the nearest cinema was14．（2022·湖北荊州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— I am worried ________ I can enter a good high school or not.— Work hard and trust in yourself.A．why B．what C．whether D．where15．（2022·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Do you know ________?—Yes. We should try to waste less but recycle more.A．how can we live a green life B．how we can live a green lifeC．why should we live a green life D．when we should live a green life16．（2022·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—David, could you tell me ________?—He is tall and has short hair.A．what our new P.E. teacher looks likeB．what our new P.E. teacher likesC．where our new P.E. teacher comes fromD．when our new P.E. teacher was born17．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）— The table tennis match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.— Yes, but I never doubt ________ our team will win.A．if B．that C．whether D．why18．（2022·上海·統(tǒng)考二模）My dad promised on his birthday that he ________ smoking in the near future.A．will give up B．would give up C．gave up D．had given up19．（2022·重慶·校聯(lián)考一模）Her mother hopes ________ be a dancer in the future.A．her to B．her can C．she can D．she to20．（2022·江蘇淮安·?？家荒＃?/span>—I am having some problems with my son. He seems to say no to ________ I say. —It’s necessary for you two to have more communication.A．whenever B．however C．whatever D．wherever21．（2022·北京·模擬預(yù)測）There is no use to ask ________ fault it is. What we should do is to solve the problem.A．who B．whose C．what D．which22．（2022·山東菏澤·校聯(lián)考一模）— I wonder ________.— Their strong will and love for the country bring them courage.A．why these medical workers risked their lives to fight the virusB．what did these medical workers do for the whole countryC．if these volunteers were worriedD．what these volunteers helped with23．（2022·遼寧盤錦·統(tǒng)考中考真題）He asked _________.A．how was the weather todayB．where Grace rides a bikeC．when Wang Yaping returned to the earthD．that Bryan played soccer well24．（2022·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— I wonder ________ late for school yesterday. — Bad luck! I got up late and missed the bus.A．how you were B．why were you C．how were you D．why you were25．（2022·遼寧營口·?？寄M預(yù)測）We haven’t decided ________.A．that we will repair our house B．when did we go to the partyC．where we went on vacation D．whether we will keep a pet 二、單詞填空26．（2022·浙江杭州·統(tǒng)考二模）I didn’t know w_________ baseball it is, so I just put it in the Lost and Found.27．（2022·四川成都·模擬預(yù)測）Please reply before Friday and tell me w_______you can come to my party or not.28．（2022·廣西·統(tǒng)考二模）I will do ________ (無論什么) you wish.29．（2022·江蘇·統(tǒng)考二模）He acted so well that we ________ him for a real actor. (誤以為)30．（2022·湖南常德·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— Excuse me, could you please tell me ________ the band begins playing this afternoon?— At three o’clock. 三、改寫句子31．（2022·上海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）“When will we go to the VR experience center?” I asked the tour guide.（改為間接引語）I asked the tour guide _________ we _________ go to the VR experience centre.32．（2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Has he finished his homework? Do you know? (改為賓語從句)Do you know ________ he ________ finished his homework?33．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）“Have you finished reading the comic strips?” Lucy asked the students. (改為間接引語) Lucy asked the students ________ they ________ finished reading the comic strips.34．（2022·上海青浦·統(tǒng)考一模）The senior officer said to the soldiers, “Don’t fire without my permission.”（改為間接引語） The senior officer ________ the soldiers ________ to fire without his permission.35．（2022·上海靜安·統(tǒng)考二模）“Do you often go to art exhibitions?” Tim asked Lucy. (改為間接引語)Tim asked Lucy ________ she often ________ to art exhibitions. 四、漢譯英36．（2022·山東威海·中考真題）我發(fā)現(xiàn)我哥哥開車比以前小心多了。__________________________________________37．（2022·遼寧營口·?？寄M預(yù)測）我相信我們的祖國會越來越強(qiáng)大。____________________________________38．（2022·江蘇蘇州·?？寄M預(yù)測）我認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該和你的父母頂嘴。_________________________________________________39．（2022·四川內(nèi)江·模擬預(yù)測）許多人知道重慶是中國最大的城市之一。_______________________________________40．（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·?？级＃┪液鼙傅氐弥鷮@個(gè)機(jī)器人一點(diǎn)都不滿意。________________

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