? 2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期浙南名校聯(lián)盟第二次聯(lián)考
高三年級英語試題
考生須知：
1. 本卷共8頁滿分150分, 考試時間120分鐘；
2. 答題前, 在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準考證號并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。
3. 所有答案必須寫在答題紙上, 寫在試卷上無效；
4. 考試結(jié)束后, 只需上交答題紙。
第I卷
第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié), 滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分, 滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項, 并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后, 你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. What does the man think of the studio apartment?
A. It is old. B. It is small. C. It is expensive.
2. When does the man want to arrive in Washington?
A. Before 9：00a. m. B. Before 8：30a. m. C. Before 7：30a. m.
3. Where did the woman go at the weekend?
A. To a theater. B. To a castle. C. To a gallery.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A magician. B. A film-maker. C. A movie.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Waitress and customer. C. Policewoman and driver.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分, 滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有2至4個小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項, 并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前, 你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀各個小題；聽完后, 各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料, 回答第6和第7小題。
6. When will the exhibition be held?
A. In 25days. B. In 14days. C. In 3 days
7. What does the manager want to do?
A. Return some of the parts. B. Put off his delivery. C. Test the material.
聽第7段材料, 回答第8和第9小題。
8. Why didn't the woman attend the meeting?
A. She had been to Anaheim.
B. She was busy in her office.
C. She was on a visit to New York.
9. What is the disagreement about?
A. How to increase sales.
B. What to do with the increasing staff.
C. Whether to fire or increase some employees.
聽第8段材料, 回答第10至第12小題。
10. What will the woman do on Saturday?
A. Go to Chicago. B. Pick up the man. C. Watch a game.
11. Why does the man suggest arriving an hour early?
A. To get a good seat. B. To get free tickets. C. To look around.
12. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The man is a football fan.
B. The woman is a football player.
C. Tickets are cheaper for students.
聽第9段材料, 回答第13至第16小題。
13. Why did Adam go to bed late?
A. His son felt sick.
B. He couldn't fall asleep.
C. He was repairing his computer.
14. When did Adam's son return to bed?
A. At 4：00a. m. B. At 6：00 a. m. C. At 6：45a. m.
15. Why did Adam borrow money?
A. To get a bus ticket. B. To refill his car. C. To buy lunch.
16. What does the woman suggest Adam do?
A. Go home at once. B. Take good care of his son. C. Watch TV for relaxation.
聽第10段材料, 回答第17至第20小題。
17. How long should people put their burnt hand in running water?
A. About 10minutes. B. About 12 minutes. C. About 20 minutes.
18. What should people avoid doing if getting a fever?
A. By opening the window. B. By keeping warm. C. By taking a bath.
19. What should people do to deal with backaches?
A. Keep moving gently. B. Lift some heavy boxes. C. Go to bed and rest.
20. What is speaker mainly discussing?
A. Situations calling for first aid.
B. Mistakes in dealing with injuries.
C. Simple treatment for some situations.
第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié), 滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分, 滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該涂黑。
A
STEM Summer Programs for High School Students
STEM is a term that stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Here is a list of some of the best STEM summer camps for high school students.
Future Matters Program
It is an 8-week paid summer research experience for high school students. This is a hands-on program for students interested in going after a career in medical research. Students will attend seminars led by faculty and participate in discussions with peers.
Simons Summer Research
It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University. Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events free of charge. They will conclude the program b producing a written research abstract and research poster.
Research Science Institute
It is the first cost-free summer program of its kind. During this six-week program, students will dive deeper into the world of science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle. In this program students attend classes conducted by famous professors and prepare written and oral presentations to present their research.
Program in Math for Young Scientists
This program is a six-week intensive mathematics program designed for students across the globe. Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study. Besides learning, there is also “mandatory(強制的) fun time” built into the weekly schedule so that students are able to have non-math related activities.
1. Which program best suits students who want to be doctors?
A. Future Matters Program. B. Simons Summer Research.
C. Research Science Institute. D. Program in Math for Young Scientists.
2. What do Simons Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in common?
A. Expense. B. Theme. C. Duration. D. Content.
3. What’s special in Program in Math for Young Scientists?
A. Cultivating independent skills. B. Attending non-math activities.
C. Tailoring personal schedules. D. Enrolling international students.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了一些適合高中生的STEM夏令營。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Future Matters Program部分中“This is a hands-on program for students interested in going after a career in medical research.(這是一個為有興趣從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究的學(xué)生提供的實踐性課程)”可知，該項目適合想要成為醫(yī)生的學(xué)生。故選A。
【2題詳解】
理解理解題。根據(jù)Simons Summer Research部分中“Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events free of charge.(學(xué)生將有機會免費參加特別的研討會、參觀和活動)”和Research Science Institute部分中“It is the first cost-free summer program of its kind.(這是首個此類免費暑期課程)”可知，這兩個項目的共同點是都免費。故選A。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Program in Math for Young Scientists部分中“Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study.(與普通課程不同的是，它為學(xué)生提供了很大的獨立性，可以選擇自己的時間表并決定他們想學(xué)什么)”可知，該項目的特殊之處在于它允許定制個人的時間表。故選C。
B
Deafblind artist Tony Giordano led an adventurous life, traveling and playing sports, before completely losing his sight and hearing in 2018. “I was into everything. I loved adventures.” the Brooklyn native said during a Newsday interview on Tuesday.
After learning to communicate using sign language, Giordano wondered what to do next after his sight and hearing losses. While reinventing his life, Giordano said getting into art was not something that crossed his mind at first. But after taking a creative arts class at the North Shore facility, Giordano began to discover he enjoyed it. Drawing on his nearly 30 years of experience as an auto mechanic, his welding(焊接) skills and various bursts of inspiration, Giordano began pouring himself into what’s become his specialty — designing metal sculptures.
More than a year later, Giordano now is getting recognition for his art pieces. In December, Giordano made his first sale of a sculpture, a larger-than-life hand made of copper pipes and titled “I Love You” to artist and collector Jennifer Contini for $1,000. While proud of selling his first art piece, Giordano — who also repairs bicycles at a bike repair shop in St. James — admitted it made him a bit sad.
“His work ethic is really incredible,” said Antonia Isnardi, Giordano’s art teacher. “Learning sculpture is really tough, requiring enormous attention and patience. He could easily say ‘I lost my vision. I can’t do this’, but he keeps fighting. He perseveres in everything and is willing to try something new to improve in any way.”
Giordano will leave the Port Washington center this year and return to his home in the South. But he said he considers art his next adventure and hopes his sculptures will be a way to spread a positive message about the capabilities of the deafblind community.
4. What inspired Giordano to go into art?
A. Artistic inspiration. B. A teacher’s encouragement.
C. A creative art class. D. Previous working experience.
5. What’s mainly discussed in Paragraph 4 about Giordano?
A. Frustrations in his life. B. Difficulties for him in sculpturing.
C. His strong will in learning. D. The art teacher’s remarks on him.
6. Which of the following best describes Giordano?
A. Wealthy and honest. B. Creative and determined.
C. Grateful and generous. D. Adventurous and humorous.
7. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. An art textbook. B. A local newspaper.
C. A travel brochure D. A literature review.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道，文章主要介紹了聾啞藝術(shù)家Tony Giordano的故事。
【4題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“But after taking a creative arts class at the North Shore facility, Giordano began to discover he enjoyed it.(在北岸的設(shè)施上了一門創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)課程后，Giordano開始發(fā)現(xiàn)他喜歡它)”可知，Giordano是在上完一門創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)課程后有了投身藝術(shù)的想法。故選C。
【5題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合本段中““His work ethic is really incredible,” said Antonia Isnardi, Giordano’s art teacher. “Learning sculpture is really tough, requiring enormous attention and patience. He could easily say ‘I lost my vision. I can’t do this’, but he keeps fighting. He perseveres in everything and is willing to try something new to improve in any way.”(“他的職業(yè)道德真的令人難以置信，”佐丹奴的美術(shù)老師安東尼婭·伊斯納迪(Antonia Isnardi)說?！皩W(xué)習(xí)雕塑真的很難，需要極大的注意力和耐心。他可以輕易地說‘我失去了視力。我不能這樣做，但他繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。他對每件事都堅持不懈，愿意嘗試新事物以提高自己。”)”可推斷，本段主要是討論Giordano在學(xué)習(xí)方面的堅強意志。故選C。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段中“After learning to communicate using sign language, Giordano wondered what to do next after his sight and hearing losses.(一年多過去了，Giordano的藝術(shù)作品得到了認可)”以及第四段中“but he keeps fighting. He perseveres in everything and is willing to try something new to improve in any way(但他繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。他對每件事都堅持不懈，愿意嘗試新事物以提高自己)”可知，Giordano很有創(chuàng)意且對事情堅定不移，故選B。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“…the Brooklyn native said during a Newsday interview on Tuesday.(……這位布魯克林本地人在周二接受《新聞日報》采訪時說)”可知，文章是新聞報道，可能出自當(dāng)?shù)貓蠹?。故選B。
C
Birds that dive underwater — such as penguins, gannets and pelicans — may be more likely to go extinct than their nondiving relatives, a new study reported in Proceedings of the Royal Society finds.
Many waterbirds have evolved highly specialized bodies and behaviors that facilitate diving. Now, an analysis of the evolutionary history of more than 700 waterbird species shows that once a bird group gains the ability to dive, the change is irreversible, which could help explain why diving birds have a higher extinction rate compared with nondiving birds.
“There are considerable morphological(形態(tài)學(xué)的) adaptations for diving.” says Catherine Sheard, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Bristol in England. For instance, gannets and some pelicans that dive into the water from the air have twists to the neck muscles and the bones in the chest. It’s possible that some diving birds are evolving under an evolutionary “ratchet,” where adaptations to use a certain food source or habitat encourage specialized evolution. These birds may become trapped in their ways, increasing their risk of extinction.
Evolutionary biologists Josh Tyler and Jane Younger investigated the evolution of diving in a collection of 727 waterbird species across 11 bird groups. They explored the link between diving and the development of new species, or their extinction, in various bird lineages(家族). Among 236 diving bird species, 75, or 32 percent, were part of lineages that are experiencing 0.02 more species extinctions per million years than the generation of new species. Bird lineages that don't dive, on the other hand, generated 0.1more new species per million years than the rate of species dying out.
“The more specialized you become, the more reliant you are on a particular diet, foraging(覓食) strategy or environment.” says Tyler. “The range of environments available for foraging is much larger for the nondiving birds than for the specialist divers, and this may play into their ability to adapt and thrive.”
8. What does the underlined word “irreversible” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Unexpected. B. Unchangeable. C. Unreal. D. Unwelcome.
9. Why are “gannets and pelicans” mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. To present a fact. B. To illustrate a concept.
C. To give a definition. D. To explain a phenomenon.
10. What do we know about Josh Tyler and Jane Younger’s study?
A. Biologists got the results by comparison.
B. Data were collected by observing waterbirds.
C. 32 diving bird species went extinct during the process.
D. The aim is to build connection between diving and nondiving birds.
11. Which of the following factors plays a role in nondiving birds’ lower extinction rate?
A. Wider habitat range. B. Quicker foraging speed.
C. More food options. D. Stronger reproduction ability.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在水下潛水的鳥類可能比不潛水的鳥類更容易滅絕。
【8題詳解】
詞義猜測題。結(jié)合語境及畫線詞后“which could help explain why diving birds have a higher extinction rate compared with nondiving birds(這可能有助于解釋為什么潛水鳥比非潛水鳥有更高的滅絕率)”可知，潛水鳥比非潛水鳥有更高的滅絕率，是因為潛水鳥一旦獲得了潛水能力，這種變化是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的，irreversible意為“不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的”。故選B。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。第三段首句“There are considerable morphological(形態(tài)學(xué)的) adaptations for diving.(潛水有相當(dāng)大的形態(tài)學(xué)適應(yīng))”提到潛水有相當(dāng)大的形態(tài)學(xué)適應(yīng)，接著下文“For instance, gannets and some pelicans that dive into the water from the air have twists to the neck muscles and the bones in the chest.(例如，塘鵝和一些鵜鶘從空中跳入水中時，頸部肌肉和胸部骨骼都有扭曲)”提到塘鵝和一些鵜鶘從空中跳入水中時，頸部肌肉和胸部骨骼都有扭曲，是呈現(xiàn)一個事實證明上述觀點。故選A。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“They explored the link between diving and the development of new species, or their extinction, in various bird lineages(家族). Among 236 diving bird species, 75, or 32 percent, were part of lineages that are experiencing 0.02 more species extinctions per million years than the generation of new species. Bird lineages that don't dive, on the other hand, generated 0.1more new species per million years than the rate of species dying out.(他們在不同的鳥類譜系中探索了潛水與新物種發(fā)展或滅絕之間的聯(lián)系。在236種潛水鳥中，有75種（32%）是每百萬年滅絕的物種數(shù)量比新物種數(shù)量多0.02種的世系。另一方面，不潛水的鳥類譜系每百萬年產(chǎn)生的新物種比物種滅絕的速度多0.1個)”可知，生物學(xué)家是通過比較潛水鳥和非潛水鳥與新物種發(fā)展或滅絕之間的聯(lián)系而得出研究結(jié)果的。故選A。
【11題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The range of environments available for foraging is much larger for the nondiving birds than for the specialist divers, and this may play into their ability to adapt and thrive.(對于不潛水的鳥類來說，覓食環(huán)境的范圍比專業(yè)潛水員大得多，這可能有助于它們適應(yīng)和茁壯成長的能力)”可知，不潛水的鳥類覓食環(huán)境更廣泛，這有助于它們適應(yīng)和茁壯成長的能力，因此更不容易滅絕。故選A。
D
Around the world rivers seem to be raging. While catastrophic flooding of Pakistan’s rivers has left tens of millions without homes, a drought unseen for 500 years has squeezed Europe’s major waterways almost dry. There is little disagreement about what’s going on: climate change is causing both rainfall and droughts to intensify. The question now is how to manage those climate-changed waterways and, specifically, what role dams should play in mitigating(緩和) against the kinds of disasters.
Advocates say water storage dams will become more essential as buffers(緩沖物) against extreme water flows by absorbing water during flooding and releasing it in times of drought. Dams, they say, can help combat climate change by producing renewable hydropower(水力發(fā)電) that is cleaner than fossil fuel energy.
However, criticisms have long centered on the negative impact most dams have on biodiversity and river ecosystems. Not only do the vast amounts of concrete used to build large dams leave huge carbon footprints, there is also much evidence that greenhouse gas emissions from dams are often far greater than previously thought. Increasingly a scientific case is also being made that dams actually worsen both floods and droughts.
Now, more dam developers are turning to “run-of-river” technology, in which the river’s water flows continuously through a hydropower station without a reservoir to store it. Such projects are generally considered more environmentally friendly, but they do not allow for water to be managed according to weather conditions.
Then there are those who say we should stay away from dams, and look for ways using nature-based solutions. Many ecologists say that protecting wetlands, for example, should be a priority, since those ecosystems act as natural sponges(海綿) for floodwaters within a river basin. “We have turned river basins into economic machines that only serve people and not nature, and this creates more problems, like droughts and flooding,” says Herman Wanningen, the founder of the advocacy group Dam Removal Europe. “We have to learn to cooperate with nature and not against it anymore.”
12. Why do critics oppose the construction of dams?
A. It may produce opposite effect. B. It destroys local ecosystem.
C. It needs a large amount of concrete. D. It gives off harmful gases.
13. What can we say about the “turn-to-river” projects?
A. Economical. B. Inflexible. C. Fruitless. D. Popular.
14. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Dams have long lost their function as buffers.
B. Protecting wetland is a once-and-for-all solution.
C. Flooding and droughts can help promote economy.
D. The starting point of our solution should serve nature.
15. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Building More Dams: A Way Out?
B. Disaster Relief: Working with Nature.
C. Dams’ Traditional Role: Pros and Cons.
D. Worsening Climate Change: Take Action!
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，氣候變化正在導(dǎo)致降雨和干旱加劇，文章主要討論建造大壩是否是解決這類災(zāi)害的出路。
【12題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“However, criticisms have long centered on the negative impact most dams have on biodiversity and river ecosystems.Not only do the vast amounts of concrete used to build large dams leave huge carbon footprints, there is also much evidence that greenhouse gas emissions from dams are often far greater than previously thought. Increasingly a scientific case is also being made that dams actually worsen both floods and droughts.(然而，長期以來，批評都集中在大多數(shù)大壩對生物多樣性和河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的負面影響上。建造大型水壩所用的大量混凝土不僅會留下巨大的碳足跡，而且有大量證據(jù)表明，大壩排放的溫室氣體往往遠遠超過人們之前的想象。越來越多的科學(xué)案例表明，大壩實際上會加劇洪水和干旱。)”可知，批評者反對建造大壩是因為它可能會產(chǎn)生相反的效果。故選A。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Such projects are generally considered more environmentally friendly, but they do not allow for water to be managed according to weather conditions.(這樣的工程通常被認為更環(huán)保，但它們不允許根據(jù)天氣條件來管理水)”可知，徑流式水電站不允許根據(jù)天氣情況來調(diào)節(jié)水量，故這種水電站不夠靈活。故選B。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“We have turned river basins into economic machines that only serve people and not nature, and this creates more problems, like droughts and flooding(我們把河流流域變成了只服務(wù)于人類而不是自然的經(jīng)濟機器，這造成了更多的問題，比如干旱和洪水)”及“We have to learn to cooperate with nature and not against it anymore.(我們必須學(xué)會與自然合作，而不是對抗它)”可知，我們解決方案的出發(fā)點應(yīng)該是為自然服務(wù)。故選D。
【15題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“The question now is how to manage those climate-changed waterways and, specifically, what role dams should play in mitigating(緩和) against the kinds of disasters.(現(xiàn)在的問題是如何管理這些受氣候變化影響的水道，特別是大壩在減輕這類災(zāi)害方面應(yīng)該發(fā)揮什么作用)”可知，氣候變化正在導(dǎo)致降雨和干旱加劇，文章主要討論建造大壩是否是解決這類災(zāi)害的出路，故A項“建造更多大壩：這是一條出路嗎？”適合作為文章標題。故選A。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分, 滿分12.5分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Conflict is an unavoidable part of life. So how can we save meaningful relationships after a fight with our loved ones? ___16___ If you are currently struggling to seek forgiveness, consider these crucial steps to apologize effectively.
Say the words. After hours of quarreling, many people struggle to summon up the courage to say “I am sorry.” To some it is almost equal to admitting defeat, and no one likes to lose. ___17___ Instead, they may buy flowers or offer a back rub, convinced that surely this must be enough. But is it? Words are actually quite useful.
___18___ It is easy to think you are the victim in a fight. We tend to minimize our own errors while exaggerating the mistakes of others. This is the way we rationalize (合理化) our actions in conflicts. Simply put, we make excuses. But if earning forgiveness is your ultimate goal, then attempt to be less defensive the next time you find yourself in a fight. Stop making excuses for yourself and your behavior and own up to your actions.
Ask for the chance to make up or pay for your mistakes. This gesture is even more effective if it comes at some personal cost to you. So pay for that broken window with your allowance, buy your sister a new pair of headphones after a quarrel, or offer to help your partner with extra housework after arguments. ___19___
Apologies do work, but be mindful that how you apologize also matters. ___20___ When you need more than it, extra work is needed to develop the relationship, like seeking professional advice from experts.
A. Take responsibility for your own wrongdoing.
B. One critical way is by learning how to apologize.
C. Many people try to avoid uttering those little words.
D. Second, real actions should come after sweet words.
E. It’s necessary to remember to avoid financial losses in a fight.
F. In the end, you will be further along in the forgiveness process.
G. And sometimes an apology is not enough to repair a relationship.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了吵架后應(yīng)該如何有效地道歉。
【16題詳解】
上文“So how can we save meaningful relationships after a fight with our loved ones?(那么，在和愛人吵架后，我們該如何挽救有意義的關(guān)系呢？)”提出一個問題，和愛人吵架后應(yīng)該如何挽救這段關(guān)系。下文“If you are currently struggling to seek forgiveness, consider these crucial steps to apologize effectively.(如果你正在努力尋求原諒，考慮以下關(guān)鍵步驟來有效地道歉)”提到有一些有效道歉的方法，所以空處是回答上文的問題，吵架后應(yīng)該道歉來尋求原諒，B項“一個關(guān)鍵的方法是學(xué)習(xí)如何道歉”符合語境，故選B。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“To some it is almost equal to admitting defeat, and no one likes to lose.(對一些人來說，這幾乎等于承認失敗，沒有人喜歡失敗)”可知，一些人認為吵架后說“對不起”等于承認失敗，結(jié)合下文“Instead, they may buy flowers or offer a back rub, convinced that surely this must be enough.(相反，他們可能會買花或為你按摩背部，因為他們確信這就足夠了)”可知，這些人不想承認自己失敗，他們不說“對不起”，反而通過買花或為你按摩背部來尋求原諒，C項“許多人試圖避免說這出簡短的這幾個字”符合語境，故選C。
【18題詳解】
空處是段落主題句，根據(jù)本段最后一句“Stop making excuses for yourself and your behavior and own up to your actions.(不要再為自己和自己的行為找借口，要勇于承認自己的行為)”可知，本段主要講述不要為自己的行為找借口，要勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任，A項“為自己的錯誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任”符合語境。故選A。
【19題詳解】
本段第二句“This gesture is even more effective if it comes at some personal cost to you.(如果你付出了一些個人的代價，這種姿態(tài)會更有效)”提到，如果付出一些個人的代價，道歉會更有效，空前一句“So pay for that broken window with your allowance, buy your sister a new pair of headphones after a quarrel, or offer to help your partner with extra housework after arguments.(所以，用你的零用錢賠償打碎的窗戶，在爭吵后給你的妹妹買一副新耳機，或者在爭吵后幫助你的伴侶做額外的家務(wù))”列舉了一些付出個人代價的實際行為，所以會更容易獲得原諒，F(xiàn)項“最后，你會在原諒的過程中更進一步”符合語境，故選F。
【20題詳解】
下文“When you need more than it, extra work is needed to develop the relationship, like seeking professional advice from experts.(當(dāng)你需要更多的時候，就需要額外的工作來發(fā)展關(guān)系，比如向?qū)＜覍で髮I(yè)建議)”是描述道歉不起作用的情況下該怎么辦，所以G項“有時候，道歉并不足以修復(fù)一段關(guān)系”符合語境，故選G。
第三部分：語言運用（共兩節(jié), 滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分, 滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
As temperatures dropped during the deadly New York blizzard(暴風(fēng)雪), Jay Withey’s truck was running low on fuel so he was left ___21___ in Cheektowaga, New York, on December 23. Instead of waiting for rescue, he ___22___ : he decided to seek ___23___ by breaking one of the windows to get them inside as he began to ___24___ more people stuck outdoors with nowhere to go The school alarm went off, ___25___ police officials were unable to reach the school during the storm. He also left the front door open so others could make their way inside. Once inside, he opened the kitchen door and grabbed just the ___26___ food to feed people. The group ___27___ indoors for about 24 hours and left the next morning. As the storm ___28___ , Withey found a snowblower (吹雪機) inside the school and helped people dig out their cars. He ___29___ helping 24 people during the storm. Before leaving, he left a note ____30____ for breaking into the school and explaining his ____31____ .
On December 29 the police posted on their social media asking for help in seeking the hero, a man who assisted several people ____32____ the blizzard. They wanted to thank him for “his ____33____ actions that saved people’s lives.”
Of course, no ____34____ are expected to be made against Withey for bursting in. “The selflessness that people ____35____ is what western New York is really proud of,” concluded the Police spokesperson.
21. A. trapped B. buried C. occupied D. injured
22. A. stood still B. took action C. pulled in D. moved on
23. A. fortunate B. assistance C. direction D. shelter
24. A. wait B. meet C. gather D. choose
25. A. because B. though C. but D. and
26. A. necessary B. delicious C. fresh D. healthy
27. A. played B. suffered C. stayed D. hesitated
28. A. blew B. cleared C. burst D. raged
29. A. brought about B. called off C. carried out D. ended up
30. A. appreciating B. excusing C. apologizing D. applying
31. A. request B. situation C. change D. plan
32. A. beyond B. off C. through D. under
33. A. heroic B. deliberate C. secret D. united
34. A. complaints B. comments C. awards D. charges
35. A. cultivated B. recognized C. exhibited D. noticed
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Jay Withey因為燃料不足，又遭遇了暴風(fēng)雪，被困在紐約約奇克托瓦加，他及時采取行動尋找庇護，同時幫助了另外24個人。臨走前，他還留下一張紙條，為闖入學(xué)校道歉，并解釋了自己的處境。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：12月23日，紐約遭遇致命暴風(fēng)雪，氣溫驟降，Jay Withey的卡車燃料不足，他被困在紐約奇克托瓦加。A. trapped被困；B. buried埋葬；C. occupied占據(jù)；D. injured受傷。根據(jù)上文“Jay Withey's truck was running low on fuel so”可知，因為暴風(fēng)雪以及燃燒不足，被困了。故選A。
【22題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他沒有等待救援，而是采取了行動:當(dāng)他開始遇到更多被困在室外無處可去的人時，他決定通過打破一扇窗戶來尋求庇護，讓他們進去。A. stood still站著不動；B. took action采取行動；C. pulled in吸入；D. moved on繼續(xù)。根據(jù)后文“by breaking one of the windows”可知，他開始采取行動。故選B。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他沒有等待救援，而是采取了行動:當(dāng)他開始遇到更多被困在室外無處可去的人時，他決定通過打破一扇窗戶來尋求庇護，讓他們進去。A. fortunate運氣；B. assistance幫助；C. direction方向；D. shelter庇護。根據(jù)后文“by breaking one of the windows”可知，他們打破窗戶進入室內(nèi)尋求庇護。故選D。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他沒有等待救援，而是采取了行動:當(dāng)他開始遇到更多被困在室外無處可去的人時，他決定通過打破一扇窗戶來尋求庇護，讓他們進去。A. wait等待；B. meet遇見；C. gather聚集；D. choose選擇。根據(jù)后文“more people stuck outdoors with nowhere to go”指遇到更多被困在室外的人。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)校的警鈴響了，但是警察在暴風(fēng)雪中無法到達學(xué)校。A. because因為；B. though雖然；C. but但是；D. and并且。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一進去，他打開廚房的門，只拿了必要的食物來給人們吃。A. necessary必要的；B. delicious美味的；C. fresh新鮮的；D. healthy健康的。根據(jù)上文“he opened the kitchen door and grabbed just the”可知，闖入學(xué)校拿了必要的食物來吃。故選A。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這群人在室內(nèi)呆了大約24小時，第二天早上離開了。A. played玩耍；B. suffered遭受；C. stayed停留；D. hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)后文“indoors for about 24 hours and left the next morning”指他們在室內(nèi)呆了大約24小時。故選C。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)風(fēng)暴散去時，威瑟在學(xué)校里找到了一臺吹雪機，幫助人們挖出他們的汽車。A. blew吹；B. cleared清除；C. burst爆發(fā)；D. raged發(fā)怒。根據(jù)后文“Withey found a snowblower inside the school and helped people dig out their cars.”可知，挖出了汽車，說明風(fēng)暴停了。故選B。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他最終在暴風(fēng)雪中幫助了24個人。A. brought about引起；B. called off取消；C. carried out實施；D. ended up最終。根據(jù)后文“helping 24 people during the storm”指他最終在暴風(fēng)雪中幫助了24個人。故選D。
【30題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：臨走前，他留下一張紙條，為闖入學(xué)校道歉，并解釋了自己的處境。A. appreciating感激；B. excusing借口；C. apologizing道歉；D. applying申請。根據(jù)后文“for breaking into the school”可知是為闖入學(xué)校而道歉。故選C。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：臨走前，他留下一張紙條，為闖入學(xué)校道歉，并解釋了自己的處境。A. request要求；B. situation情況；C. change改變；D. plan計劃。根據(jù)上文“explaining his”可知，紙條上解釋了自己當(dāng)時的處境。故選B。
【32題詳解】
考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：12月29日，警方在社交媒體上發(fā)帖，尋求幫助尋找這位英雄，他曾在暴風(fēng)雪中幫助了幾人。A. beyond超過；B. off脫離；C. through通過；D. under在下面。根據(jù)后文“the blizzard”指幫助人們度過暴風(fēng)雪，故選C。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們想感謝他“拯救人們生命的英雄行為”。A. heroic英雄的；B. deliberate故意的；C. secret秘密的；D. united團結(jié)的。根據(jù)后文“actions that saved people's lives”指拯救人們生命的英雄行為。故選A。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，Withey不會因為闖入而受到指控。A. complaints投訴；B. comments評論；C. awards獎勵；D. charges控告。根據(jù)后文“against Withey for bursting in”指控告Withey闖入學(xué)校的行為。故選D。
【35題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：警方發(fā)言人總結(jié)說：“那人表現(xiàn)出的無私精神是紐約西部真正引以為豪的。”A. cultivated培育；B. recognized識別；C. exhibited展示；D. noticed注意到。根據(jù)上文“The selflessness that people”可知，這里指表現(xiàn)出的無私精神。故選C。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：語言運用（共兩節(jié), 滿分30分）
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分, 滿分15分）
閱讀下面材料, 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In the Hujiayuan community in Beijing, an old building that ___36___ (house) a boiler to heat apartments has been transformed to provide facilities, including a medical center for ___37___ elderly and a fitness center.
The boiler room site had been vacant since winter 2016, ___38___ heating pipelines(管道) in the community were taken over by the government. ___39___ (support) by the Beijing government, work on an improvement project began in 2017, and about 660 households have equally benefited. Lyu Yuhong, 73, who has lived in the community for more than 30 years, said the improvements have made her life much ___40___ (easy), as she can now visit a doctor and exercise in her neighborhood.
By the end of 2021, the government ___41___ (identify) 100 such projects in seven districts aimed at improving transportation, upgrading greenery work, and providing ___42___ (addition) public facilities to improve the quality of living. Liu Daizong, program director at the World Resources Institute, said it is vital to improve the living environment for ___43___ (resident) in Beijing. “Redesigning a street can change its appearance and make it more ___44___ (order), but after this work is done, vehicles may still occupy the street. The way you manage this is ___45___ (keep) the order of the street from the start by clarifying its functions.” Liu added.
【答案】36. housed
37. the 38. when
39. Supported
40. easier 41. had identified
42. additional
43. residents
44. orderly
45. to keep
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了北京市政府日前公布的旨在提高居民生活水平、將空間還給公眾的措施。
【36題詳解】
考查一般過去時。句意：在北京的胡家園社區(qū)，一幢曾經(jīng)有鍋爐為公寓供暖的老建筑已經(jīng)被改造為提供包括老年人醫(yī)療中心和健身中心在內(nèi)的設(shè)施。分析句子可知，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞building，在從句中作主語，空處是從句的謂語動詞，結(jié)合“has been transformed to provide facilities”可知，從句是描述過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填housed。
【37題詳解】
考查定冠詞。句意同上。此處是考查“the+形容詞”的用法，表示一類人，the elderly老年人。故填the。
【38題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：鍋爐房的場地從2016年冬天開始空置，當(dāng)時社區(qū)的供暖管道被政府接管。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是winter 2016，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故填when。
【39題詳解】
考查過去分詞。句意：在北京市政府的支持下，改善項目于2017年啟動，約660戶家庭受益。動詞support和邏輯主語work之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Supported。
【40題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級。句意：73歲的Lyu Yuhong已經(jīng)在這個社區(qū)住了30多年，她說，這些改善讓她的生活變得更容易了，因為她現(xiàn)在可以在附近看醫(yī)生，鍛煉身體。根據(jù)“as she can now visit a doctor and exercise in her neighborhood”及空前的much可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級作賓補，暗含與以前的比較，表示“她的生活變得更容易”，故填easier。
【41題詳解】
考查過去完成時。句意：截至2021年底，政府已在7個地區(qū)確定了100個此類項目，旨在改善交通、升級綠化工作、提供額外的公共設(shè)施以提高生活質(zhì)量。根據(jù)時間狀語“By the end of 2021”可知，此處表示在過去某一時間前就已經(jīng)完成的動作，故填had identified。
【42題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意同上?？仗帒?yīng)填形容詞作定語，修飾名詞facilities，additional額外的，形容詞。故填additional。
【43題詳解】
考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：世界資源研究所項目主任Liu Daizong表示，改善北京居民的生活環(huán)境至關(guān)重要。resident居民，可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合空后的“in Beijing”可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填residents。
【44題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：重新設(shè)計街道可以改變它的外觀，使它更有秩序，但在這項工作完成后，車輛可能仍然占據(jù)街道?？仗帒?yīng)填形容詞作賓補，orderly整齊的，有秩序的，形容詞。故填orderly。
【45題詳解】
考查動詞不定式。句意：“處理這一問題的方法是從一開始就通過明確其功能來保持街道的秩序?！盠iu說。此處應(yīng)填動詞不定式作表語，說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。故填to keep。
第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié), 滿分40分）
第一節(jié)：應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分）
46. 假定你是校英語俱樂部負責(zé)人李華，俱樂部將于下周二播放題為“Role Models Around Us”的英語紀錄片，請你寫封郵件告知交換生Stephen并邀請他到時觀看。內(nèi)容包括：
1. 紀錄片介紹；
2. 播出時間及地點。
注意：
1. 寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Stephen,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Stephen,
I’m writing to invite you to watch a documentary named Role Models Around Us, which will be shown in the City Library from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. this Sunday.
It's said that this documentary is in Chinese, with English subtitles. Moreover, the role models in China will be talked about in the documentary, as well as the important role they play as a national heroes. I'm sure that this documentary will contribute a lot to your understanding of Chinese role models.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文。假定你是校英語俱樂部負責(zé)人李華，俱樂部將于下周二播放題為“Role Models Around Us”英語紀錄片，請你寫封郵件告知交換生Stephen并邀請他到時觀看。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
此外：moreover→besides
展示：show→display
有助于：contribute to→be conducive to
重要的：important→essential
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：It's said that this documentary is in Chinese, with English subtitles.
拓展句：It's said that this documentary is in Chinese which has English subtitles.
【點睛】[高分句型1]I’m writing to invite you to watch a documentary named Role Models Around Us, which will be shown in the City Library from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. this Sunday. (運用了which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)
[高分句型2] I'm sure that this documentary will contribute a lot to your understanding of Chinese role models. (運用了that引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
第二節(jié)：讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）
47. 閱讀下面材料, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段, 使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
Ben raced out of school. Christmas holidays! When he got home he went to check on his pony, Scout. He slipped him a candy, and Scout nuzzled（用口鼻輕擦）his shoulder. Ben started toward the house and found his older brother Jack starting the snowmobile（雪地機動車）to deliver gas to Uncle Mike. Ben jumped on the back and joined him.
They set of slowly. The snow was fresh and deep on the remote mountain path. When they arrived, Jack went over with the gas can. Ben looked up the mountain and saw something moving. He got binoculars（望遠鏡）and saw two animals. Could it be a horse? Jack climbed back on the snowmobile and asked Ben to leave. When Ben told Jack he saw horses up in the snowy trees, Jack didn't believe it. Ben looked back up the mountain, but he couldn't see anything.
At dinner Ben told his father he saw two horses up on the mountain today. “If they are horses, they must be trapped by all this snow." said his dad. "If they're trapped, we have to do something," said Ben, his voice rising.
His dad looked at Jack. "Well, in the morning go and take a look. Take the gun and some hay（干草）. If they look as if they can survive, give them the hay. If not…"Jack looked serious, and slowly nodded. Ben knew what the gun was for, and his chest went cold.
In the morning, they set off in the cold snow. When they got to the place where Ben had seen the horses, they stopped and looked up using binoculars. No horses. They waited for a few minutes.
"I see them. They' re horses. Let's take the snowmobile up there. "Ben suddenly exclaimed. They drove the snowmobile in the deep snow and finally reached the place. "Oh no!" said Ben "They're starving!" One of the horses had lost a lot of hair, and their tails were almost gone. Their eyes were lifeless and tired.
Paragraph 1: Jack walked around the horses.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: The two brothers went from door to door asking everyone to come and help.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1: Jack walked around the horses.Jack sighed and picked up the gun, pointing to the poor dying horse. One horse turned and looked at him and made a soft little noise. “We should try,” pleaded Ben. He walked around the horses again, patting on the neck of the big brown one, which made a sad, small groaning sound. Ben quickly got the hay off the back of the snowmobile and spread it around in piles. The horses ate hungrily, and Ben poured water into a pail for them. With one more pat to each horse, Jack and Ben climbed on the snowmobile and drove back down the mountain as quickly as they could to report their news.

Paragraph 2: The two brothers went from door to door asking everyone to come and help.They went from the hardware store to the gas station, where they put notices up asking for help. Then they took the snowmobile back up the mountain with more hay and water and some warm blankets. The horses seemed happy to see them. They worked for hours but only made a small dent in the snow. “This is hopeless,” said Jack. He leaned on his shovel and wiped his dripping nose. “Let’s go home. No one is going to help.” “We can’t give up,” said Ben. But his fingers were frozen, and his nose felt numb. Suddenly, a group of snowmobilers arrived with shovels and hot chocolate. They had followed Ben and Jack’s tracks up the trail. They tried everything they could to help the horse to stand up. With the effort of everyone around, the horses finally struggled to their feet. Unity is strength.


【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了Ben和Jack發(fā)現(xiàn)了雪山上被困住的兩匹馬，并且想盡辦法解救它們的故事。
【詳解】1. 段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句“杰克繞著馬走?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼慗ack和Ben來到山上觀察馬的情況，以及解救馬時的困難。
②由第二段首句“他們挨家挨戶地請求人們過來幫忙”，第二段可描寫Jack和Ben找到幫手后解救了馬的情節(jié)。
2. 詞匯激活
行為類：
①懇求：plead/pray for/beg
②展開：spread/extend
③擦拭：wipe/eliminate
情緒類：
①傷心的：sad/gloomy
②開心的：happy/delighted
③饑餓地：hungrily/eagerly
【點睛】【高分句型1】 He walked around the horses again, patting on the neck of the big brown one, which made a sad, small groaning sound.（which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）
【高分句型2】They went from the hardware store to the gas station, where they put notices up asking for help. （where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）





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