【中考二輪題型復(fù)習(xí)】2023年中考英語全國通用題型分類匯編學(xué)案—

專題13 書面表達解題技巧題型概述通過分析近三年全國各省市的中考書面表達題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：中考書面表達題基本以有控制的寫作為主，即除提供話題或標(biāo)題外，一般都會提供寫作要點或提示寫作內(nèi)容、給出首句、規(guī)定大概詞數(shù)等。話題大多貼近學(xué)生生活，如日?；顒?、人際交往、家庭、朋友與周圍的人等，讓學(xué)生有話可寫；體裁以記敘文和應(yīng)用文居多，其次是說明文和議論文；提示方式有表格、思維導(dǎo)圖、文字、圖文等；詞數(shù)一般為80-100。中考英語作文常見錯誤分析1.審題不清：依據(jù)作文的評分原則，若文章內(nèi)容不切題，則不管語言如何規(guī)范、用詞如何準(zhǔn)確，都會被嚴重減分。2.拼寫錯誤：拼寫是考生應(yīng)該具備的最起碼的基本功，但在考生的作文中卻經(jīng)常能發(fā)現(xiàn)很多拼寫錯誤。有拼寫錯誤的作文肯定會被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼寫錯誤存在的作文不僅體現(xiàn)出語言基本功差，同時也直接影響內(nèi)容的表達，通常會降低作文的檔次。 3.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)問題：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)會造成主謂不一致錯誤，名詞前面缺少限定詞造成泛指現(xiàn)象。4.缺少動詞：在漢語中沒有動詞的句子是允許的，但英語中每個完整的句子都必須有動詞來構(gòu)成。5.中國式英語的排列：按照漢語表述順尋羅列單詞組句。6.代詞的誤用：英語中代詞的形式很多，包括主格、賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞等。而漢語中沒有主格和賓格、形容詞性物主代詞和名次性物主代詞之分；此外漢語中很多時候不用物主代詞，而英語中要體現(xiàn)人與物的關(guān)系必須用物主代詞。7.句子不完整：因為對句子結(jié)構(gòu)認識模糊，出現(xiàn)只寫半句的現(xiàn)象，這也是造成失分的原因之一。尤其體現(xiàn)在（及物動詞 / 不及物動詞運用）8.時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的搭配錯誤：漢語動詞無時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，而對英語來說，這些都至關(guān)重要。9.綜合性錯誤：綜合性錯誤是指單詞的大小寫和標(biāo)點符號的錯誤等，以及形容詞和副詞的混淆、連詞的誤用等等。三：中考英語作文構(gòu)思技巧（一）審：審就是仔細審題?？辞逡螅_定體裁、人稱、時態(tài)等。（二）列：列就是抓要點。根據(jù)要點列出英文短語形式提綱，避免遺漏。（三）擴：擴就是擴展成句。將所列提綱形成“主+謂+賓。”和“主+系+表。”基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)，注意定語和狀語修飾成分位置的使用以及避免中國式英語出現(xiàn)。（四）連：連就是連句成篇。使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞和過渡語將表達要點的句子連接成文。（五）改：改主要從以下幾個方面進行自我修改：1.內(nèi)容是否完整。 2.時態(tài)是否正確。 3.拼寫和標(biāo)點是否正確。4.主謂是否一致。 5.格式和字數(shù)是否符合要求。 6.層次是否清楚。四、英語書面表達的寫作技巧技巧一：擴句、造句 1、主語?句子主要描述的“人、物、事”?名詞、代詞、動名詞Doing sth 、To do sth2、謂語?句中主要描述的“行為動作”?行為動詞（有不同的時態(tài)形式變化）3、賓語?句中行為動作的“承受者或接收者”?名詞、代詞賓格、動名詞doing sth 、to do sth4、表語?說明主語“身份特征、性質(zhì)狀況”?名詞、形容詞、5、定語?修飾句中任何成分名詞的特點、特征前置定語（單數(shù)名詞、形容詞、單一不定代詞、數(shù)詞、單一動名詞doing<修飾用途>）后置定語（to do sth 、介詞短語、doing短語、done短語）6、狀語?修飾句中“行為動詞”?單一副詞或to do sth 、介詞短語、doing短語、done短語7、造句、擴句規(guī)律：（1）先把信息點進行“縮句”?找出句子的主體成分?搭建句子結(jié)構(gòu)主體主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語 / 主語 + 系動詞“是”+ 表語（2）再把搭建好的句子在固定的位置添加相應(yīng)的“修飾成分”?定語和狀語的添加主語——謂語動詞——賓語______ ________ __________ _______ _________ _________ 主語——系動詞“是”——表語_____ _______ ___ ____ ________ __________技巧二：連句成文時，表述正確，文字流暢連句成段，連句成文——強調(diào)要運用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或過渡語將信息點句子連接成具有邏輯聯(lián)系的段落，使文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)清晰流暢。1.表文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序：First of all=at first? Second==And then/next?Finally=In the end==At last2.表并列補充關(guān)系的：First of all?What is more, ?Besides, ?Moreover, ?Furthermore, ?Above all, 3.表轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系的：However/but?Although ( 從句) + 主句?On the one hand…On the other hand… 4.表因果關(guān)系的：Because + 句子?So + 句子?/As a result , + 句子5.表目的關(guān)系：主句 + in order that / so that + 目的狀語從句6.表條件關(guān)系：主句 + if / unless / as long as + 條件狀語從句7.表換一種方式表達：In other words, +句子?That means + 句子?This is to say+ 句子8.表進行舉例說明：For example，句子;such as+n/doing 9.表陳述事實：In fact 10.表達自己觀點：As far as I know / In my opinion ，+句子11.表總結(jié)：In short，In a word，General speaking, + 句子技巧三：：“結(jié)構(gòu)+要點+邏輯+語法+亮點” 結(jié)構(gòu)：中考最流行的結(jié)構(gòu)就是三段式，“觀點——要點——總結(jié)”讓人一目了然。要點：要點要齊全（隱藏要點和明面列出的要點）邏輯：這里的邏輯實際指的就是邏輯關(guān)系連詞，體現(xiàn)文章的連貫性和行文的流暢性。語法：指句型、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、時態(tài)、詞匯短語錯誤。亮點：短文要有體現(xiàn)突出色彩的句型?并與從句、狀語從句、固定句型　中考英語閱卷老師看寫作主要有三個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：　　1）結(jié)構(gòu)2）內(nèi)容要點 3）語言（詞組搭配、句型、句式變化、過渡詞）看結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容要點定分數(shù)檔，看語言給成績。這是中考英語閱卷的潛規(guī)則。技巧四：：中考英語作文常用句型1. It's important (necessary) for sb. +to do sth.做某事對某人來說……2. It's no use/no good doing sth .做某事沒有用處/沒有好處。3. There is no need to do sth.沒必要做某事。4. There is no point in doing sth.做某事毫無意義5. What about + doing sth？How about + doing sth？……怎么樣？6. The reason why +(表示結(jié)果句子) is that + (表示原因句子)。……的原因是……7. That is why + (表示結(jié)果句子)。那就是……的原因。8. That is because + (表示原因句子)。那是因為……9. It is said/reported that +(事件陳述句子)。據(jù)說/據(jù)報道……10. There is no doubt that +(事件陳述句子)。毫無疑問……11. It goes without saying that + (事件陳述句子)。不言而喻，/毫無疑問……12. As is known to all，+(事件陳述句子)。眾所周知，……13. It is generally/publicly known/considered that…眾所周知……14. As we all know, +(事件陳述句子)。據(jù)我們所知，……15. It's time to do sth./It's time for sth.是該做某事的時候了。16. It's better/best to do sth.最好做某事。17. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人話多少時間做某事。18. sth. costs. some mony.某物花了某人多少錢。19. sb. spends some time/mony(in)doing sth.某人花多少時間/金錢。20. sb. pays some money for sth.某人為某物付了多少錢。21. Among various kinds of …， +(陳述句子)。 /= Of all the …， +(陳述句子)。在各種……之中，…… 22. In my opinion, +(觀點陳述句子)。= As far as I am concerned, +(觀點陳述句子)。　就我的看法……；我認為……　 In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health.　　就我的看法打電動玩具既花費時間也有害健康。23. With the increase/growth of the population, +(問題陳述句子)。隨著人口的增加……　 With the development of science and technology, +(問題陳述句子)。隨著科技的進步…… 24. 狀語從句　　A）如果你不……，你就會…… If you don't …， you'll …　　例︰If you don't keep working hard, you'll lose the chance.　　如果你不堅持努力工作，你就會失去這次機會。　　B）如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …　　例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.當(dāng)時，我非常傷心，最后都想放棄了。C）每當(dāng)……就……每當(dāng)我聽到……我就忍不住感到興奮。Whenever I hear …， I cannot but feel excited.每當(dāng)我做……我就忍不住感到悲傷。 Whenever I do …， I cannot but feel sad.每當(dāng)我想到……我就忍不住感到緊張。Whenever I think of …， I cannot but feel nervous.每當(dāng)我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …， I cannot but feel frightened.每當(dāng)我看到……我就忍不住感到驚訝。Whenever I see …， I cannot but feel surprised.25. 賓語從句　　我認為，…… / 我認為……不 I think / I don't think that +(事件陳述句)。　　我想知道是否…… I wonder whether +(事件陳述句)。技巧五：：中考英語作文常用功能句型　1. 提建議　　had better (not) do 最好(不)做　　how about / what about doing …怎么樣?　　I think you should do 我認為你應(yīng)該…　　I suggest that you should do 我建議你做…　　If I were you, I would do…我要是你的話，我會做…　　It’s best to do 最好做…　　Why not do / why don’t you do…? 為什么不…　2. 表示喜歡和感興趣　　like / love doing / enjoy doing　　be fond of doing 喜歡做… / be keen on doing 喜歡做…　　prefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做A也不愿做B　　be interested in doing = show/ take a great interest in doing 感興趣　3. .努力做…　　try to do努力做…　　try one’s best to do= do one’s best to do 竭盡全力做…　　make efforts to do = make every effort to do 盡力做…　　do what sb can (do ) to do 盡力做… spare no effort to do 不遺余力的做…　4. 打算做… / 計劃做…　　intend / plan to do 打算做… be going to do 打算/計劃做…　　decide to do 決定做…　　determine to do決定做… be determined to do決定做…　　make up one’s mind to do下定決心做…　5. 表示想/希望　　want to do = would like to do 想做…　　hope to do 希望做… expect to do 期待著做…　　wish to do 希望做… consider doing 考慮做…　6. 只加doing 作賓語的動詞　　finish 完成practice 練習(xí) suggest建議 consider 考慮 mind 介意 enjoy 喜歡doing　　固定搭配　　look forward to doing 盼望做… keep on doing 堅持做…　　dream of doing 夢想做… can’t help doing 情不自禁地做…　　keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做…　　be busy (in ) doing be busy with + 名詞忙于做…　　spend time / money (in )doing spend time / money on + 名詞花費時間做…　　have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing 玩得開心have trouble / have problem / have difficulty (in) doing 做…有困難【強化練習(xí)】A（2022·山西太原·太原五中?？级＃?/span>生活中我們會遇到很多值得我們感恩的人，他們可能是我們的父母、恩師、同學(xué)或是伸出援手的陌生人。他們的出現(xiàn)是我們?nèi)松缆飞厦利惖娘L(fēng)景，他們的所作所為給我們帶來啟示、反思和感動。請你以此為話題，根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇英語短文。內(nèi)容包括：1. Who is the person that impressed you most? 2. What’s the story between you and him/her? 3. What can you learn from him/her? 要求：1. 短文不少于 80 詞；2. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】The person who impressed me most is our physics teacher, Mr. Wang. Last term, I took part in an important competition and I was confident. But the result that I was nearly the last one made me so sad that I wanted to give up physics from then on. I slept in physics class and refused to do any homework. One day it was my birthday. I was still sleepy in physics class. To my surprise, he began his class with birthday wishes to me. Everyone opened mouth widely in surprise. With his funny actions, everyone couldn’t help laughing including me. After his show, he said to me “I had thought I could never sing or dance, but today I made it.” I was really moved by his words and went on to study my physics. Now I’m doing well in physics. It is Mr.Wang’s encouragement that helps me make progress, so I want to say thanks to him, and tell him that I will love and respect him forever.【詳解】[總體分析]① 題材：本文是一篇記敘文，為材料作文；② 時態(tài)：時態(tài)為“一般現(xiàn)在時”和“一般過去時”；③ 提示：寫作要點已給出，考生應(yīng)注意不要遺漏“信息提示”中的每一項內(nèi)容，適當(dāng)添加細節(jié)，并突出寫作重點。[寫作步驟]第一步，表明寫作意圖。開門見山提出自己印象最深刻的人；第二步，具體闡述印象最深刻的原因，即和印象最深刻的人之間的故事；第三步，書寫結(jié)語，表達自己的感受和收獲。[亮點詞匯]①take part in參加②so...that如此……以至于③give up放棄④to one’s surprise使某人驚訝[高分句型]①The person who impressed me most is our physics teacher, Mr. Wang. (who引導(dǎo)的定語從句)②It is Mr.Wang’s encouragement that helps me make progress (運用強調(diào)句) B（2022·四川德陽·?？寄M預(yù)測）假如你是李明，你的美國朋友Jack聽說中國的中小學(xué)生正在減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)負擔(dān)，來信詢問了你有關(guān)情況。請你根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容，用英語寫一封回信，談?wù)?/span>“雙減”給你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活帶來的變化，再發(fā)表一下自己的看法。內(nèi)容包括：1.過去課后常常做很多作業(yè)，睡得很晚，第二天上課時會感到很困倦；2.周末上各種課外輔導(dǎo)班，沒有時間放松；3.在“雙減”政策執(zhí)行后，自己有很多自由時間做自己喜歡的事；4.自己應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成學(xué)習(xí)的好習(xí)慣，例如課前預(yù)習(xí)，制定學(xué)習(xí)計劃等；5.應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用自己的業(yè)余時間，鍛煉身體和閱讀課外書籍。注意：1.書信開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；2.內(nèi)容連貫得體，可適當(dāng)添加內(nèi)容；3.詞數(shù)：80詞參考詞匯： the policy of “double-lightening the burden” “雙減”政策carry out 執(zhí)行after-class tutoring classes課外輔導(dǎo)班Dear Jack,How nice to hear from you again! You asked me about the new policy of “double-lightening the burden”. It has become one of the hottest topics in China now. Here, I will tell you something about it._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Ming【答案】Dear Jack, How nice to hear from you again! You asked me about the new policy of “double-lightening the burden”. It has become one of the hottest topics in China now. Here, I will tell you something about it. In shorts, things have changed a lot. I used to have to do endless homework after class. This made me sleep late and felt sleepy in class the next day. And I used to attend after-class tutoring classes on weekends and didn’t have time to relax. After the policy carried out, I have a lot of free time to do what I like. But it’s important to develop good habits of study, such as preview before class, make study plan and so on. Students should also make full use of their spare time, exercise and read extracurricular books.Yours,Li Ming【詳解】[總體分析]①題材：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，為書信作文；②時態(tài)：時態(tài)為“一般過去時”和“一般現(xiàn)在時”；③提示：寫作要點已給出，考生應(yīng)注意不要遺漏“內(nèi)容包括”中的要點信息，結(jié)合參考詞匯寫回信談?wù)?/span>“雙減”給自己的學(xué)習(xí)和生活帶來的變化，并發(fā)表自己的看法。[寫作步驟]第一步，引出主題內(nèi)容；第二步，介紹過去與現(xiàn)在的變化并發(fā)表看法。[亮點詞匯]①hear from 收到……的信②used to do sth. 過去常常做某事③and so on 等等④make full use of 充分利用[高分句型]①After the policy carried out, I have a lot of free time to do what I like.（after引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句）②But it’s important to develop good habits of study, such as preview before class, make study plan and so on.（it固定句式） C（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考一模）假如你是中學(xué)生王榮，你的筆友Mary對中國的“雙減”政策 (“Double Reduction” policy) 很感興趣。請結(jié)合下面的思維導(dǎo)圖，給她寫一封信，告訴她相關(guān)情況。要求：(1)詞數(shù)不少于80詞(2)字跡工整，語法正確，意思連貫，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。(注意：文中不能出現(xiàn)考生真實姓名、校名和老師名，否則不賦分)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dear Mary, I am glad to hear from you. You said you were interested in the “Double Reduction” policy of China. Now I tell you something about it. It aims to ease schoolwork burden on primary and junior high school students, including homework and after-school courses. Then how to get used to the new policy? First, we must make good use of the time at school. For example, we should listen to teachers carefully and take notes. We are supposed to ask classmates and teachers for help when we have trouble solving some questions. Second, we have to finish our homework more effectively. Now we have less homework, so we must think over it so that we can understand better what we have learned. The policy makes us have more free time. As a result, we should take up some healthy and meaningful hobbies in order that we can live a colorful life and be in good health. All in all, as the policy has been carried out, we have changed a lot. I believe we will be better and better.Yours,Wang Rong【詳解】[總體分析]① 題材：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文；② 時態(tài)：時態(tài)為“一般現(xiàn)在時”；③ 提示：寫作要點已給出，考生應(yīng)注意不要遺漏“信息提示”中“省略號”一項，適當(dāng)添加細節(jié)，并突出寫作重點。[寫作步驟]第一步，表明寫作意圖。開門見山說明向?qū)Ψ浇榻B“雙減”政策；第二步，具體介紹如何適應(yīng)“雙減”政策；第三步，書寫結(jié)語，表達自己的感受。[亮點詞匯]①hear from sb.收到某人的來信②be interested in感興趣于③listen to teachers carefully認真聽課④have trouble doing sth.做某事有麻煩[高分句型]①So we must think over it so that we can understand better what we have learned. (so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)②We should take up some healthy and meaningful hobbies in order that we can live a colorful life and be in good health. (in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句) D（2022·陜西榆林·?？寄M預(yù)測）假如你是李華，你的美國筆友Bob向你詢問我們國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。請你根據(jù)以下圖示，給他寫一封信，簡單介紹我們國家的風(fēng)俗。Shake hands for the first timeOld people first sitDon’t speak loudly when eatingEat up your food in the bowl 要求：1.參考提示內(nèi)容，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；2.語句通順，意思連貫，書寫工整；3.文中不得出現(xiàn)任何真實信息；4.詞數(shù)：不少于70詞（開頭已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)）。Dear Bob,In our country there are some special customs. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Bob,In our country there are some special customs. First, we are supposed to shake hands when we meet someone for the first time. It’s different from your country. Second, we are expected to let the old people sit first. Respecting the old is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation. At table, it’s impolite to speak loudly. We had better eat quietly while we’re eating. At the same time, it’s necessary to finish eating up the food in the bowl. Don’t waste anything. Because saving food is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation.If you are interested in our customs. I’ll tell you more when you come to our country.Yours,Li Hua【詳解】[總體分析]①題材：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，為書信作文；②時態(tài)：時態(tài)為“一般現(xiàn)在時”；③提示：寫作要點已給出，考生應(yīng)注意不要遺漏，適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)完整表述內(nèi)容。[寫作步驟]第一步，介紹我們國家有許多特別的習(xí)俗，引出本文主題；第二步，介紹我們國家的禮儀和習(xí)俗。[亮點詞匯]①be supposed to do sth應(yīng)該做某事②had better do sth最好做某事③at the same time同時[高分句型]①Respecting the old is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation. （動名詞作主語）②At table, it’s impolite to speak loudly（動詞不定式作主語） D（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·三模）隨著新型冠狀病毒的不斷變異，防疫已成為常態(tài)化工作。隨著疫情在全球蔓延，境外人員輸入日益增多，且在個別城市出現(xiàn)了大量無癥狀感染者，疫情防控形勢依然嚴峻，所以我們不能松懈防護工作，現(xiàn)在，學(xué)校團委征集用英語寫一份關(guān)于中學(xué)生防疫新冠的發(fā)言稿，呼吁大家繼續(xù)科學(xué)進行防疫新冠。提示詞：important，stay in good mood，exercise，sleep…寫作要求：1.用上所有提示詞，內(nèi)容完整，意思清楚，表達通順，書寫規(guī)范；2.詞數(shù)80詞左右，不包含已經(jīng)給出的句子的詞數(shù)。3.不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名，校名。Dear schoolmates, Many things around us may affect our feelings and moods, and we can’t do everything we like to do as usual because of the COVID-19. So far, we haven’t killed the virus completely. We need to do something to keep fighting it in order to protect ourselves.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dear schoolmates,Many things around us may affect our feelings and moods, and we can’t do everything we like to do as usual because of the COVID-19. So far, we haven’t killed the virus completely. We need to do something to keep fighting it in order to protect ourselves. First, it is important for us to keep away from the crowd, especially the people who come back from disease-affected areas and abroad. Second, remember to always wear masks which can protect ourselves from getting infected when we go out. Third, be sure to wash our hands as often as possible. Fourth, don’t touch your eyes, mouth and ears when you go outside. Fifth, we’d better stay in a good mood. Keeping happy is good for our health. What’s more, stop eating wild animals and never keep close to them. Finally, we should take exercise every day and have enough sleep to keep healthy.If we keep doing these, I’m sure everything will be fine.【詳解】[總體分析]①題材：本文是一篇發(fā)言稿；②時態(tài)：時態(tài)為“一般現(xiàn)在時”；③提示：寫作要點已給出，考生應(yīng)注意不要遺漏，適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)完整表述內(nèi)容。[寫作步驟]第一步，開頭已給出，引出本文主題；第二步，介紹防護新冠的方法。[亮點詞匯]①because of因為②keep away from遠離③protect...from...保護……免受④what’s more并且[高分句型]①We need to do something to keep fighting it in order to protect ourselves.（動詞不定式作目的狀語）②First, it is important for us to keep away from the crowd,（it固定句型，動詞不定式作主語）

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