
?2022-2023學年河南省洛陽市孟津區(qū)高一(上)期末英語試卷(B卷)
題號
一
二
三
四
五
總分
得分
注意事項:
1.答卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。
2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑;如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號?;卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在試卷上無效。
3.考試結(jié)束后,本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第I卷(選擇題)
一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共37.5分)
A
Great Barrier Reef (礁)
Marine Conservation Volunteer Program — Cairns
Are you looking for meaningful travel opportunities that put the focus on the protection of easily-damaged ecosystems and threatened marine species?This project is well suited to volunteers who want to help with the reef species monitoring,sea turtle recovery and weekly beach plastic removal.
Volunteers must be at least 18 years old,unless volunteering with a friend or family member who is 18 or older.You aren't required to have any specialized experience,as you'll receive comprehensive training to prepare for carrying out research-based activities at sea.Please note that you need to be able to float and swim at least 50 meters.Please be sure to rate your swimming ability when you apply to volunteer in Australia.All volunteers will be tested upon arrival to the program.
Volunteer schedule
First Day:On your first day of volunteering,you will be accompanied to your project by our local staff.Volunteers typically work in morning and afternoon shifts (換班) that last around 3 to 5 hours each.
Weekdays:A typical volunteer day is as follows:
7:30 AM Breakfast at the volunteer accommodation.
8:00 AM Volunteers leave home and travel to their project.
8:30 AM-1:00 PM Volunteer work and a lunch break.
1:00 PM-3:30 PM Volunteer work.
6:30 PM Dinner at the volunteer accommodation.
Please note this schedule will vary depending on the needs of your particular project.To ensure the safety of our volunteers and respect of others in the volunteer apartment,a curfew (宵禁) of 11:00 PM has been put in place from Sunday to Thursday and a 2:00 AM curfew for Friday and Saturday.
1. What can you do in this project? ______
A. Do daily beach clean-ups.
B. Count the number of reefs.
C. Do research on ecosystems.
D. Help improve turtles' population.
2. Which of the following is the requirement of the program? ______
A. Previous training experience.
B. Adequate professional knowledge.
C. Basic swimming ability in the ocean.
D. Participation with a family member.
3. What do we know about the volunteer schedule? ______
A. You don't need to work all day long.
B. You have to follow the fixed schedule.
C. You take all meals at the accommodation.
D. You are guided by the local staff every day.
B
I walked into my adviser's office,filled up with disappointment and confusion.The recent career workshop where I was given advice about following my dream didn't work for me again.
To become a professor of biology had been my dream for 22 years.However,after about 4 years in a program,I decided I did not want to go after a career in research after all.I began to attend career workshops,hoping they would have the magical answers I needed,but without success.
Finally,I went to my adviser.After listening to my declaim,he calmly told me that instead of focusing on finding a dream job,I should think about what I was good at and what made me happy at least 80% of the time.He assured me there was seldom a perfect job and every job had its ugly bits.He also said it was important to find a job I was good at.
I was relieved to finally have helpful and practical advice.But I discovered that finding common ground between what I liked and what I was good at was not easy.I loved diving,but the physical demands were challenging.I was good at teaching,as evidenced by my friends before and favorable reviews when I was a teaching assistant,but I didn't like repeating the same content every year.Through my teaching experience,however,I also learned that I loved telling stories about science.Maybe science communication would offer what I was looking for.
To test the waters,during my "spare time" I started a blog about the history of scientific discoveries.I found that I loved the freedom to choose what to write about.As for whether I was any good at it,the signs were promising.My writing got noticed,eventually by people at my institution,and I was given chances to write press releases and stories for the university's news office.After 3 years of writing,I was offered a position as a science writer.It was nothing like my childhood dream.But I was happy—more than 80% of the time.
4. Why was the author disappointed and confused? ______
A. His life-long dream to be a professor didn't come true.
B. The advice he received from the workshop had no use.
C. He didn't learn the magic from the workshop successfully.
D. The program he did wasted him four years of time.
5. What did the author think of the adviser's suggestion? ______
A. It was temporarily useful. B. It sounded quite average.
C. It seemed challenging. D. It was of use to practice.
6. What can we infer about the author from the fourth paragraph? ______
A. He didn't like biology.
B. He didn't have a strong body.
C. He had no interest in teaching.
D. He had good communication skills.
7. What kind of person is the author? ______
A. Active and flexible. B. Focused and humorous.
C. Determined and easy-going. D. Hard-working and independent.
C
A series of fast-moving global trends,motivated by trillion-pound investments (投資),indicates that humanity might be able to avoid the worst influences of global warming.From renewable energy to mass-market electric cars,to plant-based alternatives to meat,these trends show that greenhouse gas emissions (排放) can be stopped.
No one is saying the battle to prevent catastrophic climate change — floods,droughts,famine — has been won. "The important thing is to recognize that we're seriously challenged," says Christina Figueres,former UN Climate Chief. "At the same time,the fact is we're already seeing many positive trends."
The world's appetite for meat and dairy foods is rising as people's incomes rise,but unless this is entirely changed,there's no way to beat global warming.The task looks discouraging — people hate being told what to eat.However,just in the last year,a potential solution has burst on to the market:plant-based meat,which has a tiny environmental footprint.
A food that looks and tastes just as good as meat or dairy products but is made from plants — has attracted heavy investment.It is particularly obvious in the US,where Bill Gates has backed two plant-based burger (漢堡) companies.
Perhaps even more telling is that major meat and dairy companies are now piling in with investments,such as the US's biggest meat processor,Tyson,and multinational giants Danone and Nestlé.The Chinese government in 2017 put ﹩ 300 million into Israeli companies producing lab-grown meat,which could also cut emissions.
Will these trends move fast enough to avoid the worst of climate change?The LSE's Nicholas Stern is cautiously optimistic,saying that what has changed in recent years is the realization that green economic growth is the only long-term option.
8. According to Paragraph 1,a large amount of money is used to ______ .
A. develop the economy of the world
B. promote the sales of electric cars
C. raise awareness of environmental protection
D. stop the bad influence of global warming
9. What is the main purpose of the invention of plant-based meat? ______
A. To change the eating habit of humans.
B. To meet the increasing demand of meat.
C. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
D. To solve food shortage of the world.
10. What is the function of Paragraph 5 in this text? ______
A. To explain the background. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To summarize the text. D. To list some examples.
11. In which part of a website can the text be found? ______
A. Environment. B. Society. C. Technology. D. Education.
D
There's nothing better than a walk in the countryside for lifting our spirits.Connecting with nature has been proven to help our mental health.For some,the refreshing thing is to walk through a forest,but as we admire the trees that surround us,it's worth knowing these trees are doing more than just being nice things to look at.
We're already aware of the benefits of trees—they produce oxygen and clean the air we breathe by absorbing about a quarter of all human-caused carbon dioxide emissions(排放).But there's more to these impressive forms of vegetation than we might think.Researchers have discovered evidence that proves they are actually intelligent.
It's thought that trees talk and share resources right under our feet,using a fungal(真菌的) network.Under the ground are tree roots,and mixed among them,are thousands of superfine threads of fungi.And research has shown that they are all interconnected.They can help each other by sharing nutrients,and they can even warn of approaching threats.Scientists say it's like the trees are talking to one another.
Ecologist Suzanne Simard has called this network the Wood Wide Web.She discovered that parent trees use this network to help their offspring(后代).She said, "We found that the parent trees would favour those offspring by sending them more nutrients." She also found that trees are smart enough to change their behaviour and have managed to adapt and survive in a changing environment.
So it seems trees really are the stars of our natural world,and with around a huge number of them on our planet,it's time to show them some respect if we want them to grow healthily.
12. What's the benefit of being surrounded by trees? ______
A. Increasing our intelligence. B. Improving our mental health.
C. Lowering the risk of diseases. D. Developing our taste for beauty.
13. How do trees talk to each other? ______
A. By changing their behavior.
B. By changing their environment.
C. By waving to each other with their leaves.
D. By using threads of fungi under the ground.
14. What's the possible way for parent trees to help their offspring survive? ______
A. They interconnect all the trees.
B. They choose the smartest offspring.
C. They send their offspring more nutrients.
D. They warn their offspring of approaching threats.
15. What's the best title of the text? ______
A. Clever Trees. B. The Functions of Trees.
C. Natural Selection. D. Environmental Protection.
二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共12.5分)
Are you stressed out,scared or worried all the time?Do you avoid going to certain places,seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries?Do your worries keep you awake at night? (1)
Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life.Anxiety is your brain's way of telling you about danger.It is anxiety that helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you.But if it gets out of hand,anxiety can get in the way of you getting on with life and can become a real problem. (2)
Anxiety is a normal part of life. (3) There are lots of reasons for this.One main reason is after stressful thing which has happened in your life .So if you are involved in a car crash,it's quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and driving.
(4) If your parents suffer from anxiety,then you are more likely to be anxious too.This is probably partly due to genetics,and partly because of how things are when you're growing up.
Even though people don't talk about it much,anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems.About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.
If you have an anxiety problem,it's hard for other people to understand why something that doesn't worry them,like being in a crowd of people,can be so scary for you.This can make you feel separated and lonely,as way become worse and worse.
(5) These include talking therapies(療法)and drugs.
A.If this is the case for you,treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.
B.Being anxious also probably runs in families.
C.The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety.
D.Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations.
E.Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situation.
F.Those suffering from anxiety need others' understanding badly.
G.If you've answered yes,you may be suffering from anxiety.
16. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空(本大題共15小題,共15.0分)
Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate.He was always in a good mood and always had something(21)to say.
Seeing this style made me(22),I asked him, "I don't(23)it!You can't be a positive person all the time.How do you do it?"
Jerry replied, "Each time something bad happens,I have two(24).I can choose to be a(25)or to learn from it.I choose the(26)."
"Yeah,right,but it's not that easy," I(27).
"Yes,it is," Jerry said. "Life is all about choices.You choose how you(28)to situations.You choose how people will(29)your mood.It's your choice how you live life."
Several years later,I heard that Jerry's home was held up by three armed robbers.The robbers(30)him.
Luckily,Jerry was rushed to the local hospital.After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of good care,Jerry was released.When he recovered,I asked him what had existed in his mind as the(31)took place.
Jerry replied, "As I lay on the floor,I had two choices:I could choose to live, (32)to die.I chose to live.A nurse asked if I was(33)to anything.I took a deep breath and yelled, 'Bullets(子彈)'!Over their(34),I told them, 'I am choosing to live.Operate on me'."
I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. (35),after all,is everything.
21. ?A. interesting B. positive C. ridiculous D. special
22. ?A. embarrassed B. confused C. amazed D. curious
23. ?A. obtain B. get C. admire D. pay
24. ?A. chances B. ways C. options D. ideas
25. ?A. survivor B. rescuer C. victim D. leader
26. ?A. latter B. former C. best D. latest
27. ?A. protested B. declared C. approved D. assumed
28. ?A. devote B. react C. contribute D. attend
29. ?A. check B. affect C. reply D. explain
30. ?A. beat B. arrested C. followed D. shot
31. ?A. robbery B. killing C. accident D. mistake
32. ?A. and B. so C. but D. or
33. ?A. uncomfortable B. allergic C. random D. close
34. ?A. laughter B. cry C. burst D. anger
35. ?A. Hope B. Belief C. Attitude D. Dream
第II卷(非選擇題)
四、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)
36. Nobody (1) (like) to lose,but we must accept that losing is part of life.After all,we can't win all the time.Although losing is unpleasant,it can be a positive thing.We can learn from every failure,which may help us succeed in the future.But first we must know (2) to be a good loser.
For one thing,we should take a positive attitude towards it.We can begin by realizing that losing is sometimes unavoidable.Therefore,we don't need to be (3) (embarrass).We must correct our mistakes and try again. (4) is known to all,practice makes perfect.If we practise (5) (lose) by creating challenges for (6) (we),we will never be afraid of failure.For another,we should be polite when we lose.If we offer our congratulations to the winner and share in his or her (7) (happy),our disappointment will (8) (definite) go away.
All (9) all,being a good loser will help us to succeed in life.It might be painful at first,but there are many benefits.Good losers (10) (respect) and admired and,most importantly,they win in the end.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、書面表達(本大題共2小題,共40.0分)
37. 假如你是李華,你的英國朋友 Judy 最近總是感覺身體不適,來信詢問你如何保持身體健康。請你根據(jù)以下要點,鼓勵她改善身體現(xiàn)狀。要點包括:1.表示安慰;2.提出建議;3.表達祝愿。
注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應為 80 左右;2.開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好,不計入總詞數(shù);
Dear Judy,
______________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
(1)
(2)
(3)
38. 閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為150左右。
Ella walked into the kitchen and twirled.She was wearing a new dress and felt like a famous model.Even better,it was a dress she made!Her very first piece of fashion! "What do you think?" she asked her family.They all gathered at the kitchen table for an early school breakfast.The scent of French Toast hung in the air and made Ella's stomach grumble.
"Is that the secret dress you've been working on?" Mom asked.
"Yes!This is it!Don't you love it?" Ella twirled again.
"It's very pretty,Ella.I can't believe you designed and sewed that all by yourself!"
"I'm so proud of you!How long did that take?" Dad said as he reached across the table for the syrup(糖漿) bottle.
Ella pulled out her chair and sat down. "Two weeks!But I think I could make the next one faster."
"Nice job,Ella!I can't believe you can sew like that!You're only eight years old!" Mom praised.
Ella smiled as she poured some syrup over the pancake on her plate.It was going to be a perfect day.
The kids at school were excited about her dress,and she got some nice comments from some girls,so she was happy about that.The day went by quickly,and before she knew it,she was outside for the last class break of the day.What a perfect day!She thought to herself as she swung on the swings.Ella leaned back in the swing and looked up at the blue sky full of white wispy clouds.She smiled.This would be the first dress of many that she would make.Some day she would have her very own fashion line with all kinds of clothes.She would be famous one day.
The school bell rang and the break was over.All the kids were moving slowly toward the door to go back inside.Ella sat up straight on the swing and waited for it to stop.When the swing was close to stopping,Ella jumped off.When she landed,she heard a loud rip. "Oh no!" she whispered as she moved her hand to the back of her dress.It was ripped(撕破) all the way down the back!Everyone would laugh at her.This was terrible!
Paragraph 1:
Ella spotted her teacher,Miss Miller,near the door,calling her into the classroom. ??????Paragraph 2:
"What's wrong,Ella?" Miss Miller asked when she reached Ella. ??????
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、C、A
【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段This?project?is?well?suited?to?volunteers?who?want?to?help?with?the?reef?species?monitoring,sea?turtle?recovery?and?weekly?beach?plastic?removal.(這個項目非常適合那些想要幫助監(jiān)測珊瑚礁物種、海龜恢復和每周清理海灘塑料的志愿者。)可知在這個項目中,志愿者可以參與到幫助提高海龜數(shù)量的工作中。所以答案為D。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段Please?note?that?you?need?to?be?able?to?float?and?swim?at?least?50?meters.(請注意,你需要能夠漂浮和游泳至少50米。)可知志愿者需要具備在海洋中游泳的基本能力。所以答案為C。
(3)細節(jié)理解題。由小標題Volunteer?schedule(志愿者計劃)下面的段落中Volunteers?typically?work?in?morning?and?afternoon?shifts?that?last?around?3?to?5?hours?each.(志愿者通常在上午和下午輪班,每次工作大約3到5個小時。)可知,志愿者不需要全天工作。所以答案為A。
這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了招募志愿者的一項目。
閱讀理解解題步驟:首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意,因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料;其次細讀題材,各個擊破,掌握全文的大意之后,細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性,對于捕獲到的信息,要做認真分析,仔細推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準。
4~7.【答案】B、D、C、A
【解析】(1)推理判斷題。由第一段I?walked?into?my?adviser's?office,filled?up?with?disappointment?and?confusion.The?recent?career?workshop?where?I?was?given?advice?about?following?my?dream?didn't?work?for?me?again.(我走進導師的辦公室,心中充滿失望和困惑。在最近的職業(yè)研討會上,我得到了關于追隨夢想的建議,但這次對我還是沒有用。)可知,作者感到失望和迷茫是因為從職業(yè)座談會上得到了對他無用的建議。所以答案為B。
(2)觀點態(tài)度題。由第三段Finally,I?went?to?my?adviser.After?listening?to?my?declaim,he?calmly?told?me?that?instead?of?focusing?on?finding?a?dream?job,I?should?think?about?what?I?was?good?at?and?what?made?me?happy?at?least?80%?of?the?time.He?assured?me?there?was?seldom?a?perfect?job?and?every?job?had?its?ugly?bits.He?also?said?it?was?important?to?find?a?job?I?was?good?at.(最后,我去找我的導師。聽了我的豪言,他平靜地告訴我,與其專注于找一份理想的工作,不如想想自己擅長什么,至少80%的時間是什么讓我快樂。他向我保證,很少有完美的工作,每一份工作都有不完美的地方。他還說找到一份自己擅長的工作很重要。)以及第四段I?was?relieved?to?finally?have?helpful?and?practical?advice.(終于有了有用而實用的建議,我松了一口氣。)可知,作者認為導師的建議是有用的。所以答案為D。
(3)推理判斷題。由第四段I?was?good?at?teaching,as?evidenced?by?my?friends?before?and?favorable?reviews?when?I?was?a?teaching?assistant,but?I?didn't?like?repeating?the?same?content?every?year.(我很擅長教學,這是我以前的朋友和我做助教時的好評證明,但我不喜歡每年都重復同樣的內(nèi)容。)可知作者對教學不感興趣。所以答案為C。
(4)推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段To?test?the?waters,during?my?"spare?time"?I?started?a?blog?about?the?history?of?scientific?discoveries.I?found?that?I?loved?the?freedom?to?choose?what?to?write?about.As?for?whether?I?was?any?good?at?it,the?signs?were?promising.My?writing?got?noticed,eventually?by?people?at?my?institution,and?I?was?given?chances?to?write?press?releases?and?stories?for?the?university's?news?office.After?3?years?of?writing,I?was?offered?a?position?as?a?science?writer.It?was?nothing?like?my?childhood?dream.But?I?was?happy—more?than?80%?of?the?time.(為了試水,我在"業(yè)余時間"開了一個關于科學發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史的博客。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我喜歡選擇寫作內(nèi)容的自由。至于我是否擅長這項工作,種種跡象表明我很有希望。我的寫作得到了注意,最終得到了我所在機構(gòu)的人的注意,我有機會為大學的新聞辦公室撰寫新聞稿和故事。寫了3年之后,我得到了一個科普作家的職位。這一點也不像我兒時的夢想。但我很快樂---80%以上的時間都很快樂.)可知,作者不斷嘗試不同的職業(yè),并根據(jù)導師的建議不斷進行調(diào)整,最終找到了適合自己的職業(yè)。由此可推知,作者是一個積極且會變通的人。所以答案為A。
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對自己的事業(yè)方向感到迷茫和困惑,在導師的建議下,作者開始尋找自己擅長什么,以及至少80%的時間可以讓自己快樂的事情。
閱讀理解解題步驟:首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意,因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料;其次細讀題材,各個擊破,掌握全文的大意之后,細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性,對于捕獲到的信息,要做認真分析,仔細推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準。
8~11.【答案】D、C、D、A
【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。由第一段A?series?of?fast-moving?global?trends,motivated?by?trillion-pound?investments(投資),indicates?that?humanity?might?be?able?to?avoid?the?worst?influences?of?global?warming.(在數(shù)萬億英鎊投資的推動下,一系列快速變化的全球趨勢表明,人類或許能夠避免全球變暖帶來的最壞影響。)可知大量資金被用于阻止全球變暖帶來的惡劣影響。所以答案為D。
(2)推理判斷題。由第三段However,just?in?the?last?year,a?potential?solution?has?burst?on?to?the?market:plant-based?meat,which?has?a?tiny?environmental?footprint.(然而,就在去年,一種潛在的解決方案突然出現(xiàn)在市場上:植物性肉,這種肉對環(huán)境的影響很小。)可知,植物肉的發(fā)明是一個為保護環(huán)境所做的小小舉措。由此推知,發(fā)明植物肉為了減少溫室氣體排放量。所以答案為C。
(3)段落大意題。由第五段Perhaps?even?more?telling?is?that?major?meat?and?dairy?companies?are?now?piling?in?with?investments,such?as?the?US's?biggest?meat?processor,Tyson,and?multinational?giants?Danone?and?Nestlé.The?Chinese?government?in?2017?put?﹩?300?million?into?Israeli?companies?producing?lab-grown?meat,which?could?also?cut?emissions.(也許更能說明問題的是,大型肉類和乳制品公司正在大舉投資,比如美國最大的肉類加工商泰森食品(Tyson),以及跨國巨頭達能(Danone)和Nestlé。2017年,中國政府向生產(chǎn)實驗室培育肉類的以色列公司投資3億美元,這也可以減少排放。)可知,本段主要介紹了美國最大的肉類加工企業(yè)和中國政府已加大對新型肉類和奶制品公司的投資,而這些舉措都能減少碳排放。由此推知,本段的作用是列舉一些致力于減少碳排放的例子。所以答案為D。
(4)文章出處題。由第一段A?series?of?fast-moving?global?trends,motivated?by?trillion-pound?investments?(投資),indicates?that?humanity?might?be?able?to?avoid?the?worst?influences?of?global?warming.(在數(shù)萬億英鎊投資的推動下,一系列快速變化的全球趨勢表明,人類或許能夠避免全球變暖帶來的最壞影響。)可知本文主要介紹為了避免全球變暖帶來的最糟糕的影響,人們采取的各種舉措。由此推知,在網(wǎng)頁的環(huán)境部分可以看到這篇文章。所以答案為A。
這是一篇說明文。主要介紹為了避免全球變暖帶來的最糟糕的影響,人們采取的各種舉措。
閱讀理解解題步驟:首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意,因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料;其次細讀題材,各個擊破,掌握全文的大意之后,細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性,對于捕獲到的信息,要做認真分析,仔細推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準。
12~15.【答案】B、D、C、A
【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。由第一段There's?nothing?better?than?a?walk?in?the?countryside?for?lifting?our?spirits.Connecting?with?nature?has?been?proven?to?help?our?mental?health.For?some,the?refreshing?thing?is?to?walk?through?a?forest,but?as?we?admire?the?trees?that?surround?us,it's?worth?knowing?these?trees?are?doing?more?than?just?being?nice?things?to?look?at.(沒有什么比在鄉(xiāng)間散步更能振奮精神的了。與大自然接觸已被證明有助于我們的心理健康。對一些人來說,在森林中漫步是令人耳目一新的事情,但當我們欣賞周圍的樹木時,值得知道的是,這些樹木不僅僅是賞心悅目的東西。)可知與大自然的聯(lián)系已經(jīng)被證明有助于我們的心理健康。所以答案為B。
(2)推理判斷題。由第三段It's?thought?that?trees?talk?and?share?resources?right?under?our?feet,using?a?fungal(真菌的)?network.(人們認為,樹木就在我們腳下,通過真菌網(wǎng)絡交流和分享資源。)可知人們認為樹木通過地下的真菌網(wǎng)絡交流并共享資源。所以答案為D。
(3)細節(jié)理解題。由根據(jù)We?found?that?the?parent?trees?would?favour?those?offspring?by?sending?them?more?nutrients(我們發(fā)現(xiàn),母樹會給這些后代提供更多的營養(yǎng)。)可知親本樹木通過給后代輸送更多的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)來照顧它們。所以答案為C。
(4)標題判斷題。文章主要說明了研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)證明樹木實際上很聰明,它們通過真菌網(wǎng)絡共享我們腳下的資源,母樹還利用這個網(wǎng)絡來幫助它們的后代。所以A.Clever?Trees.(聰明的樹)作為題目最合適。所以答案為A。
本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)證明樹木實際上很聰明,它們通過真菌網(wǎng)絡共享我們腳下的資源,母樹還利用這個網(wǎng)絡來幫助它們的后代。
閱讀理解解題步驟:首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意,因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料;其次細讀題材,各個擊破,掌握全文的大意之后,細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性,對于捕獲到的信息,要做認真分析,仔細推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準。
16~20.【答案】G、A、E、B、C
【解析】(1)G.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Are you stressed out,scared or worried all the time?Do you avoid going to certain places,seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries?Do your worries keep you awake at night?你是否一直緊張、害怕或擔心?你是否因為擔心而避免去某些地方、見朋友或做某些事情?你的憂慮讓你晚上睡不著嗎?根據(jù)下文Anxiety is a normal part of life焦慮是生活中正常的一部分。選項承上啟下。故G選項".If?you've?answered?yes,you?may?be?suffering?from?anxiety.(如果你的回答是肯定的,那么你可能正飽受焦慮的折磨)。"切題。故選G項。
(2)A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文But if it gets out of hand,anxiety can get in the way of you getting on with life and can become a real problem.(但如果它失去控制,焦慮會阻礙你的生活,成為一個真正的問題。)可知上文說明了焦慮是生活中常見的現(xiàn)象,然后舉例了生活中一些因為焦慮給人們生活帶來的一些麻煩,可推知下文說明控制焦慮的方法:A.If?this?is?the?case?for?you,treatment?may?be?a?helpful?way?for?you?to?get?your?anxiety?under?control.(如果你也有焦慮失去控制的情況,治療可能是一種有效的方法來控制你的焦慮)。故選A。
(3)E.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Anxiety is a normal part of life.(焦慮是生活中正常的一部分。)可推知下文說明日常生活中哪些情況會導致焦慮的發(fā)生,故E選項"Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situation.(如果搬到一個新的地方,有些人可能會感到不安,有些人可能會在某些情況下變得過度焦慮。)"能起到承上啟下的作用,符合語境。故選E。
(4)B.標題歸納題。結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容If your parents suffer from anxiety,then you are more likely to be anxious too.This is probably partly due to genetics,and partly because of how things are when you're growing up.(如果你的父母患有焦慮癥,那么你也更有可能焦慮。這可能部分是由于基因,部分是由于你成長的環(huán)境。)可知是在說明焦慮在家庭中發(fā)生的情況。所以"B.Being?anxious?also?probably?runs?in?families.(焦慮也可能有家族遺傳。)"切題。故選B。
(5)C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文These include talking therapies(療法)and drugs.(這些包括談話療法和藥物。)可知是在說明治療焦慮的方法,包括談話療法和藥物治療。故C選項"好消息是有很多治療焦慮的好方法。"符合語境。故選C。
這是一篇說明文。每個人在某些情況下都會有一定程度的焦慮,短文介紹了焦慮產(chǎn)生的原因和治療方法。
七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀,和完形填空很類似,不同的是一個選詞,一個選句子。解題時,要注意上下文語境,充分考慮信息詞(選項中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞),選出最符合語境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、B、C、C、A、A、B、B、D、A、D、B、A、C
【解析】(1)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.interesting有趣的;B.positive積極樂觀的;C.ridiculous荒唐的;D.special特殊的。句意:他總是心情很好,總是有積極的事情要說。根據(jù)上文的"He?was?always?in?a?good?mood"和下文"You?can't?be?a?positive?person?all?the?time."中的"positive?person"可知,他心情總是很好,是一個樂觀的人,所以應該是總是會說一些積極樂觀的事。B項意為"積極樂觀的",符合語境。故選B。
(2)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.embarrassed尷尬的;B.confused困惑的;C.amazed十分驚奇的;D.curious好奇的。句意:看到這種風格的人讓我很好奇,我問他:"我不明白!你不可能一直都是一個積極的人。你是怎么做到的?"根據(jù)下文的"How?do?you?do?it?"可知,作者對Jerry發(fā)出了疑問,說明Jerry的生活方式使作者感到好奇。D項意為"好奇的",符合語境。故選D。
(3)考查動詞及語境理解。A.obtain獲得;B.get理解,明白;C.admire欽佩;D.pay償還。句意:看到這種風格的人讓我很好奇,我問他:"我不明白!你不可能一直都是一個積極的人。你是怎么做到的?"根據(jù)上文的curious和下文的"How?do?you?do?it?"可知,此處表示作者不理解Jerry的生活態(tài)度。B項意為"理解",符合語境。故選B。
(4)考查名詞及語境理解。A.chances機會;B.ways方法;C.options選擇;D.ideas主意。句意:看到這種風格的人讓我很好奇,我問他:"我不明白!你不可能一直都是一個積極的人。你是怎么做到的?"根據(jù)下文"I?can?choose?to?be?a?________?or?to?learn?from?it."中的"to?be"和"to?learn"以及or可知,這是兩種選擇。此處表示每當不好的事情發(fā)生時,他都有兩種選擇。C項意為"選擇",符合語境。故選C。
(5)考查名詞及語境理解。A.survivor幸存者;B.rescuer救援人員;C.victim受害者;D.leader領導者。句意:我可以選擇成為受害者,也可以從中吸取教訓。根據(jù)上文中的"something?bad?happens"和后文Jerry家被搶劫并且受傷可推測出,在遇到不好的事情時,Jerry可以選擇成為一名受害者或是從中學習。C項意為"受害者,犧牲品",符合語境。故選C。
(6)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.latter后面的;B.former前者的;C.best最好的;D.latest最近的。句意:我選擇后者。根據(jù)前文可知,Jerry是一個非常積極樂觀的人,因此他做出的選擇也應該是積極向上的。很顯然"to?learn?from?it"是樂觀向上的選擇,Jerry會選擇后面一個。A項意為"后面的",符合語境。故選A。
(7)考查動詞及語境理解。A.protested反對,抗議;B.declared聲明;C.approved支持;D.assumed假設。句意:"是的,沒錯,但沒那么容易,"我抗議道。根據(jù)上文中的"Yeah,right,but?it's?not?that?easy"的but可知,作者并不是很認可Jerry的觀點,所以這里應該是反駁Jerry的話。A項意為"反對,抗議",符合語境。故選A。
(8)考查動詞及語境理解。A.devote致力于;B.react反應;C.contribute捐獻;D.attend參加,出席。句意:你可以選擇如何應對各種情況。根據(jù)上文Jerry提到面對不好的事情發(fā)生時,他會有兩種選擇可知,此處講的是面對各種各樣的情況你會做出什么樣的反應。B項意為"回應",符合語境。故選B。
(9)考查動詞及語境理解。A.check檢查;B.affect影響;C.reply回復;D.explain解釋。句意:你可以選擇人們會如何影響你的情緒。根據(jù)上文"Life?is?all?about?choices."和下文"It's?your?choice?how?you?live?life."可知,此處講的是你的選擇也會導致人們?nèi)绾斡绊懩愕那榫w和生活。B項意為"影響",符合語境。故選B。
(10)考查動詞及語境理解。A.beat擊??;B.arrested逮捕;C.followed跟隨;D.shot射傷。句意:搶劫犯開槍打中了他。根據(jù)上文中的"Jerry's?home?was?held?up?by?three?armed?robbers.(杰瑞的家被三個持槍的劫匪搶劫了。)"及下文中的"Luckily,Jerry?was?rushed?to?the?local?hospital.(幸運的是,杰瑞被緊急送往當?shù)蒯t(yī)院。)"和"Bullets(子彈)"可推測出,搶劫犯開槍射傷了Jerry。D項意為"射傷",符合語境。故選D。
(11)考查名詞及語境理解。A.robbery搶劫,盜竊;B.killing謀殺;C.accident意外遭遇;D.mistake錯誤。句意:當他康復后,我問他,當搶劫發(fā)生時,他腦子里想的是什么。根據(jù)上文中的"Jerry's?home?was?held?up?by?three?armed?robbers.(杰瑞的家被三個持槍的劫匪搶劫了。)"可知,此處表示作者詢問的是,當被搶劫時,Jerry在想什么。A項意為"搶劫",符合語境。故選A。
(12)考查連詞及語境理解。A.and和;B.so因此;C.but但是;D.or或者。句意:當我躺在地板上時,我有兩個選擇:我可以選擇生存,也可以選擇死亡。根據(jù)空格前的to?live和空格后的to?die可知,當Jerry躺在地上時,他有兩個選擇:選擇活下去或者死亡,但是他只能選其中的一個,所以此處用"或者"符合邏輯。D項意為"或者",符合語境。故選D。
(13)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.uncomfortable不舒服的;B.allergic過敏的;C.random隨機的;D.close親近的。句意:護士問我有沒有對什么東西過敏。根據(jù)常識可知,在病人進行救治或使用藥物前,醫(yī)生都會問病人是否對什么藥物過敏,所以此處護士應該是詢問Jerry是否對什么(藥物)過敏。B項意為"過敏的",符合語境。故選B。
(14)考查名詞及語境理解。A.laughter笑聲;B.cry呼喊;C.burst爆裂;D.anger憤怒。句意:在他們的笑聲中,我告訴他們,"我選擇活著。給我做手術。"根據(jù)上文"I?took?a?deep?breath?and?yelled,?'Bullets(子彈)'!"可知,當護士問Jerry有沒有過敏的藥物時,Jerry的回答卻是"子彈",這體現(xiàn)了Jerry的幽默,所以聽到Jerry的話后,護士們會放聲大笑。A項意為"笑,笑聲",符合語境。故選A。
(15)考查名詞及語境理解。A.Hope希望;B.Belief信仰;C.Attitude態(tài)度;D.Dream夢想。句意:畢竟,態(tài)度決定一切。根據(jù)Jerry被劫匪擊中,但是在醫(yī)院卻積極樂觀接受治療這件事可知,Jerry面對生活的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的。結(jié)合后文"I?learned?from?him?that?every?day?we?have?the?choice?to?live?fully.(我從他那里學到,我們每天都可以選擇充實地生活。)"可知,作者從Jerry身上學到的應該是他對待生活的態(tài)度,所以感悟到:態(tài)度決定一切。C項意為"態(tài)度",符合語境。故選C。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的朋友Jerry是一個非常樂觀的人,即使在遇到十分兇險的情況時也依然保持著積極樂觀的心態(tài),這種處事態(tài)度深深感染了作者,也要作者受到啟發(fā)。
做完形填空題之前,必須先瀏覽全文,了解短文的大意,這是非常重要的一個步驟。通過短文所提供的信息,借助語感及相關知識的推斷,可以從整體上把握短文的輪廓。在通讀全文,了解大意的基礎上,便可著手答題。根據(jù)習慣用法、固定搭配,并從上下文中找關鍵性暗示,注意前后對照,逐句精讀,逐題分析選項。所有的答案選出之后,應再次通讀全文,對所選的答案進行核實調(diào)整。
36.【答案】【小題1】likes
【小題2】how
【小題3】embarrassed
【小題4】As
【小題5】losing
【小題6】ourselves
【小題7】happiness
【小題8】definitely
【小題9】in
【小題10】are respected
【解析】(1)likes.考查主謂一致。句意:沒有人喜歡失敗,但我們必須接受失敗是生活的一部分。結(jié)合句意可知,此處在講述一般事實,句子用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為nobody,謂語動詞用三單形式,故填likes。
(2)how.考查特殊疑問詞加不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:但首先我們必須知道如何成為一個好的失敗者。how to do表示"如何做某事"符合句意,故填how。
(3)embarrassed.考查形容詞。句意:因此,我們不必感到尷尬。分析句子可知,此處作表語,表示"感到尷尬的",故用形容詞embarrassed,故填embarrassed。
(4)As.考查定語從句。句意:眾所周知,熟能生巧。as is known to all表示"眾所周知",其中as引導非限制性定語從句,修飾后面一句話,置于句首,首字母大寫,故填As。
(5)losing.考查動名詞。句意:如果我們通過給自己制造挑戰(zhàn)來練習失敗,我們將永遠不會害怕失敗。practise doing表示"練習做某事"符合句意,故填losing。
(6)ourselves.考查反身代詞。句意:如果我們通過給自己制造挑戰(zhàn)來練習失敗,我們將永遠不會害怕失敗。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示"給自己制造挑戰(zhàn)",故用反身代詞,故填ourselves。
(7)happiness.考查名詞。句意:如果我們向獲勝者表示祝賀,分享他或她的快樂,我們的失望肯定會消失。分析句子可知,此處作介詞in的賓語,故用名詞作賓語,故填happiness。
(8)definitely.考查副詞。句意:如果我們向獲勝者表示祝賀,分享他或她的快樂,我們的失望肯定會消失。分析句子可知,此處用副詞修飾動詞go,故填definitely。
(9)in.考查介詞。句意:總之,做一個好的失敗者將幫助我們在生活中取得成功。all in all表示"總之"符合句意,故填in。
(10)are respected.考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。好的失敗者受到尊重和欽佩,最重要的是,他們最終會贏。結(jié)合句意可知,此處在講述客觀事實,句子用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語Good?losers與respect之間是被動關系,且主語為復數(shù)形式,故填are respected。
本文為說明文,主要講述接受失敗是生活中的一部分。
解答此類題目應先瀏覽全文,概括大意,再根據(jù)句子間的提示以及括號內(nèi)的漢語提示或首字母提示,依據(jù)語法規(guī)則和行為邏輯來推測并填寫合適的詞語。
37.【答案】【小題1】Dear?Judy?,
I'm delighted to hear from you,but sorry to have learned you aren't feeling well these days.In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy.Here is my advice.(對Judy表示關切)
Firstly,you'd better keep a balanced diet.It can be beneficial to avoid eating food high in fat or with too much sugar.Instead,have more fresh vegetables and fruits.Secondly,taking exercise every day helps a lot to build up a strong body.As is known,regular exercise,such as jogging,is an essential approach to keeping fit.【高分句型一】Finally,I wonder if you always stay up late at night.If so,please get rid of this habit,for never will we be healthy without enough sleep.【高分句型二】(提出合理建議)
All these count a lot for keeping your body at a proper weight and staying healthy.I truly hope you will find my advice helpful and get well soon.(期望Judy的不適狀況早日好轉(zhuǎn))
Yours,
Li?Hua
【小題2】略
【小題3】略
【解析】高分句型一:As is known,regular exercise,such as jogging,is an essential approach to keeping fit.
譯文:眾所周知,有規(guī)律的運動,如慢跑,是保持身體健康的重要途徑。
分析:這句話使用as引導非限制性定語從句。
高分句型二:If so,please get rid of this habit,for never will we be healthy without enough sleep.
譯文:如果是的話,請改掉這個習慣,因為沒有足夠的睡眠我們永遠不會健康。
分析:這句話使用if引導的省略的時間狀語從句,for后面使用了never位于句首的部分倒裝句。
提綱作文在寫作時要注意內(nèi)容是否包含了所有要點。寫作時注意準確運用時態(tài),上下文意思連貫,符合邏輯關系,盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式,同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使文章顯得更有檔次,平時需注意積累短語和重要句型。
38.【答案】Paragraph?1:
Ella?spotted?her?teacher,Miss?Miller,near?the?door,calling?her?into?the?classroom.Ella stood still,wondering what to do. 【高分句型一】She put her hands behind her and tried to pull up her clothes.Ella shook her head violently,blushing with embarrassment.Her first fashion creation failed!Now,all the children are in the building.Ella took a hand from her clothes and waved Miss Miller to her.Miss Miller sensed Ella's uneasiness and began to walk towards her.(描寫Ella不知所措,看到Miller小姐后向她求助)
Paragraph?2:
"What's?wrong,Ella?"?Miss?Miller?asked?when?she?reached?Ella.?"My clothes.The back split. " Ella murmured,feeling very ashamed.Miss Miller looked at the back of Ella's skirt and found the hole.She immediately told Ella not to move,and brought a needle and thread.Before long,it turned into a beautiful skirt.The uneasiness was replaced by excitement,and Ella jumped up and down,spinning again and again.Although this is not a perfect day,Ella has not stopped her efforts to become a famous fashion designer.【高分句型二】(描寫Miller小姐發(fā)現(xiàn)Ella的裙子被撕破后幫助Ella把裙子縫補好)
【解析】本文講述了Ella早上穿著自己做的第一件衣服詢問父母的意見,聽到父母的夸贊后Ella非常開心,學校里的孩子們也對她的裙子評價很高,Ella覺得這一天過得很美好,在最后一個課間休息時,她坐在秋千上想象著以后自己會有自己的時裝品牌,當上課鈴響起Ella從秋千上跳下來時聽到一聲巨響,裙子被撕破了。
高分句型一:Ella stood still,wondering what to do.
翻譯:埃拉站在那里,不知道該怎么辦。
分析:運用了現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。
高分句型二:Although this is not a perfect day,Ella has not stopped her efforts to become a famous fashion designer.
翻譯:雖然這不是一個完美的日子,但埃拉并沒有停止她成為著名時裝設計師的努力。
分析:運用了although引導的讓步狀語從句。
解題方法點撥
?(1)品讀原文,確定文章線索
? ?????每篇文章都有各自獨特的寫作思路,通過精讀文章,找到該篇文章的寫作線索。如是以時間為線索還是以空間為線索等這樣有利于考生"順藤摸瓜(結(jié)尾)"。
? ?????(2)仔細審題,明確續(xù)寫要求
? ?????一般短文后面的"注意"都有對此次短文續(xù)寫的具體要求,如詞數(shù)限制使用幾處標有下劃線的關鍵詞語。續(xù)寫段落的首句提示,這樣考生可以做到"心中有數(shù)"。
? ?????(3)回扣原文,揣摩續(xù)寫思路
? ?????根據(jù)文章后面的要求,再次快速閱讀短文,抓住文章的思路結(jié)合段首的提示語最終確定續(xù)寫段落的思路。同時結(jié)合文章畫線詞語提示,確定續(xù)寫段落的內(nèi)容。
? ?????(4)擬寫草稿,修改錯詞病句
? ?????在確定了思路和內(nèi)容之后,最關鍵的就是結(jié)合提示語或者文中畫線的關鍵詞擬寫草稿。擬寫時,注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性,語言的豐富性,并通過句與句之間連接詞的正確使用,使上下文連貫。
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