?江蘇省鹽城市四校2023屆高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考英語試卷
學(xué)校：___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

一、閱讀理解
Top Travel Destinations 2020
Penang, Malaysia
Penang is one of the only 13 states that make up Malaysia in Southeast Asia. Its food culture is like nothing you’ve ever experienced. If you’re a food lover, this is the place to go. The central location of Penang makes it a hub(樞紐) for cuisine from many different regions including India, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam.
Best Time to Visit：November to January
Bali, Indonesia
Bali has always been a top travel destination due to its beauty, but even so, there are still hidden spots away from the main tourist attractions that offer seclusion(清靜) as well as peace and quiet. One such place is the island of Nusa Lembongan. One tourist attraction here is the underwater Big Buddha which has been placed by locals as a business attraction. It also makes for good diving and underwater photography, and is one of the best vacation spots for couples.
Best Time to Visit：May to September
Auckland, New Zealand
Auckland is a coastal city known for its breathtaking views and beautiful beaches and islands. The nearby Mount Eden is a volcanic mountain you can hike and explore. With its many hiking tracks, views, beaches, and cultural sites, Auckland has enough activities to keep you busy.
Best Time to Visit：March to May, September to November
Banff, Canada
Located in the northern part of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta, Banff is a small town of Canada. Most people outside of Canada have probably never even heard of it, but that’s what makes it so different from other attractions. Visitors can ski on Mount Norquay or ride the Banff Gondola up Sulphur Mountain to swim in the Banff Upper Hot Springs and enjoy great views of the countryside.
Best Time to Visit：June to August, December to March
1、Where should you go if you are interested in diving?
A. Nusa Lembongan. B. Penang.
C. The Banff Gondola. D. The Banff Upper Hot Springs.
2、If you want to explore a volcanic mountain, which month is the best choice?
A. January. B. August. C. October. D. December.
3、What makes Banff special compared to the other three travel destinations?
A. It’s famous for its tasty food. B. It doesn’t have any mountains.
C. It’s not well—known to foreigners. D. It offers great views of beaches.
In the 17th century, the Netherlands experienced a period of artistic prosperity known as the Dutch Golden Age. During this period, artists found inspiration in Northern Renaissance painting techniques, contributing to masterpieces like Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer. Known as the “Mona Lisa of the North”, this painting represents the best of Dutch art and it has become one of art history’s most beloved paintings.
Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer is famous for his paintings of contemporary Delft, a city in Holland where the artist was born, lived and died. Girl with a Pearl Earring is Vermeer’s most well-known work of art. However, it did not attain international fame at its time of completion. That came about at the end of the 20th century, when it was featured in a special exhibition in Washington, D. C.
Girl with a Pearl Earring does not show a specific person. Instead, it shows an unknown girl dressed in grand clothing who, “l(fā)ike a vision coming from the darkness,” art historian Arthur K. Wheelock explained in the Johannes Vermeer catalogue, “belongs to no specific time or place.”
Vermeer is known for his ability to create shapes and forms using light rather than line. This characteristic approach to modeling is particularly evident in Girl with a Pearl Earring. First, he would “invent”, or create an initial drawing on the canvas. Then, he made a single colored underpainting. Next, he added color. And, finally, in order to make the piece extraordinarily bright, he would apply a thin layer of glaze to certain parts of the painting.
In addition to its fascinating context and appealing beauty, the piece is celebrated for the mystery that surrounds it. “When you think about the Mona Lisa, she is also looking at us, but she isn’t engaging—she’s sitting back in the painting, self-contained,” Tracy Chevalier, the author of the New York Times bestselling historical novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, points out. “While Girl with a Pearl Earring is right there—there is nothing between her and us. She has this magical quality of being incredibly open and yet mysterious at the same time—and that is what makes her so appealing.”
4、What inspired the creation of Girl with a Pearl Earring?
A. Previous artists’ skills. B. The appearance of the girl.
C. Vermeer’s international fame. D. Encouragement from other artists.
5、What do we know about Girl with a Pearl Earring?
A. It is set in the artist’s birthplace.
B. It makes the artist famous overnight.
C. It describes a particular and exact girl.
D. It is regarded as a match for Mona Lisa.
6、What is the purpose of paragraph 4?
A. To introduce the subject of the painting.
B. To show techniques used in the painting.
C. To explain the artistic value of the painting.
D. To uncover the mystery behind the painting.
7、How does Tracy comment on Girl with a Pearl Earring?
A. By citing a theory. B. By giving a definition.
C. By offering an example. D. By making a comparison.
A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront. Physicists are creating a new class of materials that display an amazing property unforeseen even two years ago—superconductivity.
Used today only in specialized equipment, super conductors have the potential to radically change most of the electrical and electronic appliances found in the home, making them smaller, more powerful and efficient. They could free our cities of pollution by replacing petrol and diesel vehicles with electric cars, and cut the cost of electricity. The new materials do something that even the best of conductors such as copper and silver cannot—they do away with all electrical resistance. The significances for energy storage are great.
The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money. For 75 years it had remained little more than a scientific curiosity with limited practical use because the phenomenon occurred only at extremely low temperatures. It was first observed in 1911 by a Dutch scientist named Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who cooled mercury to temperatures below -269℃ with liquid helium. Then in January last year, two IBM scientists, K. Alex Muller and J. George Bednorz, found a metal oxide ceramic that superconducted at -243℃. Their report went largely unnoticed until last December, when it was confirmed at a scientific meeting in Boston. Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives to a new technology.
8、As is indicated in the passage, the technology of superconductivity ______.
A. has already been developed
B. is still under development
C. will be used only in specialized equipment
D. will be used in daily lives in a few years
9、The new technology differs from the others in that _______.
A. it began in the East and spread later to the rest of the world
B. it began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world
C. it is being cultivated in research labs around the world
D. it is accessible to physicists who are intelligent and rich
10、From the passage, we may conclude that _______.
A. Asian scientists gain the lead in the growth of the new technology
B. Dutch scientists kept reporting new findings for the last 75 years
C. IBM scientists’ report receive immediate attention all over the world
D. the West was astonished at the new technology developed by the Asians
11、Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Prospect of a New Technology
B. Superconductivity: A New Technology
C. A New Technology: The Key to Change the Way of Our Lives
D. A New Technology: A Joint Effort of Many Countries
Wholesale prices for gas and electricity are increasing suddenly across Europe, raising the possibility of increases in already-high utility (公共事業(yè)) bills and further pain for people who have taken a financial hit from COVID-19.
Governments are struggling to find ways to limit costs to consumers as scant natural gas reserves present yet another potential problem, exposing the continent to even more price increases and possible shortages if it’s a cold winter.
In the U.K., many people will see their gas and electricity bills rise next month after the nation’s energy regulator approved a 12% price increase for those without contracts that lock in rates. Officials in Italy have warned that prices will increase by 40% for the quarter that will be billed in October.
There are multiple causes for the price increases, energy analysts say, including tight supplies of natural gas used to generate electricity, higher costs for permits to release carbon dioxide as part of Europe’s fight against climate change, and less supply from wind in some cases.
Analysts at S&P Global Platts say electricity prices have risen due to strong demand from places like data centers and electric cars, but above all because of the rise in the price of natural gas used in generating plants. Utility companies’ exposure to natural gas prices has increased as high-emission coal plants have been retired, while utilities face higher costs for carbon allowances required by the European Union’s emissions trading system, which is aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.
The tight gas market could bite even more sharply if there’s an unusually cold winter. That’s because European distributors did not refill reserves reduced during last winter as they typically had done in summer months. In March 2008, when the freeze named “the beast from the east” hit Europe, industrial users in the U.K got a notice that there was a risk of interruption, although it didn’t come to that.
Could Europe run out of gas? “The short answer is Yes, this is a real risk,” said James Huckstepp, an analyst at S&P Global Platts. “Storage stocks are at record lows and there isn’t currently any spare supply capacity that is exportable anywhere in the world. The longer answer is that it’s hard to predict how it will play out given that Europe has never run out of gas in two decades under the current distribution system.”
12、What does the underlined word “scant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Total. B. Additional. C. Limited. D. Regular.
13、What has actually led to the rise of electricity prices?
A. The closure of some coal plants.
B. The great demand for electric cars.
C. The competition between utility companies.
D. The change in the emissions trading system.
14、Why could an unusually cold winter make the gas market tighter?
A. More natural gas will be needed for industrial use.
B. European distributors don’t make good preparations.
C. It is not easy to fill reserves during the cold weather.
D. Utility companies work can be easily interrupted.
15、What can we learn from James Huckstepp’s words in the last paragraph?
A. Europe is expected to seek help from other countries.
B. It is hard to control the gas price in Europe at present.
C. Europe might face a serious shortage of gas in the future.
D. There’s something wrong with Europe’s distribution system.
二、七選五
16、??? As the proverb goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. ①_______ A paper published two years ago in Nature found a connection between people’s sense of well-being and the scenicness (美景) of where they lived. The paper’s authors measured scenicness by conducting a survey among volunteers.
??? The connection, the paper’s authors found, held true whether a neighborhood was urban or rural. ②_______ Nor did levels of air pollution have any influence on it. The authors also discovered that differences in volunteers’ health were better explained by the scenicness of where they lived than by the amount of green space around them.
??? ③_______ The team behind that Nature paper have nevertheless decided to have a go. They have adapted a computer program to recognize beautiful landscapes, whether natural or artificial, using the criteria that a human beholder would employ. The program’s task was to work out, by analyzing each photograph’s features in the context of its Scenic-or-Not ratings, what it is that makes a landscape scenic.
??? Most of the results are not surprising. Lakes and horizons scored well. So did valleys and snowy mountains. In artificial landscapes, castles, churches and cottages were seen as scenic. ④_______ The analysis did, however, confirm one important finding from the team’s previous study, which is also a message for town planners. Green spaces alone are not scenic. To be so they need to involve contours (高低起伏的輪廓) and trees. ⑤_______
A.But surroundings matter.
B.Hospitals, garages and motels were not so much.
C.So people have a deep affection for where they live.
D.It bore no relation to volunteers’ social and economic status.
E.Therefore, less grass and more trees and bushes would be welcome.
F.Natural landscapes are rated as scenicness as opposed to artificial landscapes.
G.Determining what scenicness is, though, has always been frustrating for scientists.
三、完形填空（15空）
When you are storm chasing, most mornings start off in a cheap hotel trying to remember where you ended up the night before. This morning, we were in Wichita, Kansas, midway through a project to 1 the dramatic and destructive weather that travels across the middle of the United States every spring.
We loaded the car with our 2 , and off we went, driving under cloudless blue skies for hundreds of miles. Then we reached the border of our targeted storm and entered a dark scene of clouds and occasional rain. As we 3 the heart of the storm, we found ourselves 4 with high winds, violent rain, and severe hail (冰雹). Photographer Krystle, at the wheel, 5 to get in front of the storm, but it was moving too fast. We could 6 keep pace with it.
Then we caught sight of something 7 , created by the storm: a rain-wrapped tornado half a mile to our right. The chaotic conditions made it 8 for us to keep it in sight. We lost our cellphone signals and all the data we were desperately 9 for communication. We couldn’t see beyond 20 feet. That was when Nick, our expedition (探險) leader and weather expert, called, “We have to flee.” Krystle 10 changed direction, driving the car north onto a country road, 11 the madness of that dangerous chase.
We weren’t done. After a stretch of clear skies, we found another 12 waiting for us. This time, we 13 to get in front of it, stopping to photograph it and racing back to the car to 14 its extreme anger.
A little past midnight, we let the storm go. We watched as the lightning-filled cloud rolled away, displaying the night sky — a beautiful 15 for those reckless (不顧危險的) enough to seek it.
17、A. recognize B. transform C. photograph D. forecast
18、A. nutrients B. flavor C. equipment D. documents
19、A. mentioned B. identified C. captured D. approached
20、A. struggling B. comparing C. engaged D. filled
21、A. pretended B. accelerated C. deserved D. hesitated
22、A. instantly B. gradually C. exactly D. hardly
23、A. disgusting B. frightening C. annoying D. embarrassing
24、A. efficient B. contradictory C. fundamental D. tough
25、A. dependent on B. absorbed in C. satisfied with D. curious about
26、A. deliberately B. frequently C. rigidly D. abruptly
27、A. predicting B. tolerating C. escaping D. witnessing
28、A. cloud B. storm C. car D. road
29、A. regretted B. devoted C. managed D. proposed
30、A. calm B. ignore C. challenge D. avoid
31、A. reward B. excuse C. appetite D. thought
四、語法填空
32、 Nowadays, face masks ①________(wear) all over the world, but China is one of first countries to realize the importance off the wearing of face masks. In fact, it is also a result of traditional cultural factors in China
These include the ②________ (believe) rooted in traditional Chinese medicine of ③________ qi is a hugely important concept. The Chinese character for qi is related to air, breathing, and energy. People believe that ④________ one is low on qi, they are more likely to fall ill. Thus, ⑤________ (maintain) a supply of clean air in one’s lungs is important Because face masks can filter out ⑥________ (poison) matter in the air, people tend to consider them a useful tool for disease ⑦_(dá)_______ (prevent).
Some experts argue that effectiveness of face masks in preventing disease is great. According to Dr. Deng Xiaofan, ⑧________ advisor of medical information, face masks can actually prevent the spread of viruses on condition that they are worn correctly. Other experts have pointed out that healthy people do not need to be ⑨________ (constant) wearing them when not in public, When it comes to preventing COVID-19, authorities advise correct face masks wearing and frequent hand washing ⑩________ effective ways of controlling the spread of diseases.
五、書面表達(dá)
33、假定你是李華,你校組建了游泳俱樂部。請給在我校留學(xué)的朋友Peter寫信,邀請他加入。內(nèi)容包括:
1.組建俱樂部的目的；
2.俱樂部的主要活動；
3.報名的時間和地點(diǎn)；
注意:
1.詞數(shù)80左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Dear Peter,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
六、讀后續(xù)寫
34、閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
When a tornado(龍卷風(fēng)) touched down in a small town nearby, many families were left completed ruined. Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human-interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered the hardest.
One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely shattered(破碎的) mobile home, a depressed expression on her face. A young boy, seven or eight years old, stood at her side, eyes downward. Clutching(緊握) at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, eyes wide with confusion and fear.
The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less fortunate than themselves. I stuck the picture of the young family on our refrigerator, explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three-year-old Meghan.
“These poor people now have nothing,” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them. I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods.
While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up old toys and games.
Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. She came to the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy's flat, painted-on-face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys.
“Oh, Honey,” I said.” You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much.”
Meghan nodded seriously, eyes filled with held-back tears. "Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she’ll make that other little girl happy, too.”
Paragraph. 1:
The boys had watched, open-mouthed,as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph. 2:
I looked my children for a long moment.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
參考答案
1、答案：A
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Bali, Indonesia介紹內(nèi)容It also makes for good diving and underwater photography, and is one of the best vacation spots for couples.(它也是潛水和水下攝影的好地方,也是情侶們最好的度假地點(diǎn)之一)可知,如果對潛水感興趣,就去藍(lán)夢島(Nusa Lembongan),故選A。
2、答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Auckland, New Zealand介紹內(nèi)容The nearby Mount Eden is a volcanic mountain you can hike and explore. (附近的伊甸山是一座火山,你可以徒步旅行和探險)；和Best Time to Visit：March to May, September to November.(最佳游覽時間：3月至5月,9月至11月)可知,如果你想探索一座火山,10月是最好的選擇,故選C。
3、答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章Banff, Canada介紹內(nèi)容Most people outside of Canada have probably never even heard of it, but that's what makes it so different from other attractions. (加拿大以外的大多數(shù)人可能從未聽說過它,但這就是它與其他景點(diǎn)如此不同的原因)可知,與其他三個旅游目的地相比,外國人對Banff并不熟悉,故選C。
4、答案：A
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) In the 17th century, the Netherlands experienced a period of artistic prosperity known as the Dutch Golden Age. During this period, artists found inspiration in Northern Renaissance painting techniques, contributing to masterpieces like Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer.可知,Girl with a Pearl Earring的創(chuàng)作是受到了文藝復(fù)興時期藝術(shù)家繪畫技巧的啟發(fā)。故正確答案為A。
5、答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Known as the "Mona Lisa of the North", this painting represents the best of Dutch art and it has become one of art history's most beloved paintings.可知,Girl with a Pearl Earring被認(rèn)為能和《蒙娜麗莎》媲美。故正確答案為D。
6、答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Vermeer is known for his ability to create shapes and forms using light rather than line. This characteristic approach to modeling is particularly evident in Girl with a Pearl Earring. First, he would "invent", or create an initial drawing on the canvas. Then, he made a single colored underpainting. Next, he added color. And, finally, in order to make the piece extraordinarily bright, he would apply a thin layer of glaze to certain parts of the painting.可知,本段的主要目的是介紹《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》這幅畫使用到的技巧。故正確答案為B。
7、答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Tracy所說的話"When you think about the Mona Lisa, she is also looking at us, but she isn't engaging—she's sitting back in the painting, self-contained," Tracy Chevalier, the author of the New York Times bestselling historical novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, points out, "While Girl with a Pearl Earring is right there—there is nothing between her and us. She has this magical quality of being incredibly open and yet mysterious at the same time—and that is what makes her so appealing."可知,Tracy是使用對比的方式對《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》進(jìn)行評論的。故正確答案為D。
8、答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money.(這項(xiàng)技術(shù)還處于早期階段,決定投資腦力和資金的國家仍然可以使用)”可知,正如文章中所指出的那樣,超導(dǎo)技術(shù)仍在開發(fā)中。故選B。
9、答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront.(與西方開始并隨后傳播到世界其他地區(qū)的工業(yè)化浪潮不同,新的發(fā)展正在全球各地的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行,而亞洲人處于領(lǐng)先地位)”可知,這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)與其他技術(shù)的不同之處在于它正在世界各地的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。故選C。
10、答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront.(與西方開始并隨后傳播到世界其他地區(qū)的工業(yè)化浪潮不同,新的發(fā)展正在全球各地的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行,而亞洲人處于領(lǐng)先地位)”可知,從這篇文章中,我們可以得出結(jié)論,亞洲科學(xué)家在新技術(shù)的發(fā)展中獲得了領(lǐng)先地位。故選A。
11、答案：B
解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront. Physicists are creating a new class of materials that display an amazing property unforeseen even two years ago—superconductivity.(一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)即將成熟,它可以改變我們的日常生活,幫助形成新的產(chǎn)業(yè),甚至將世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國從目前的地位上移除。與西方開始并隨后傳播到世界其他地區(qū)的工業(yè)化浪潮不同,新的發(fā)展正在全球各地的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行,而亞洲人處于領(lǐng)先地位。物理學(xué)家們正在創(chuàng)造一種新的材料,這種材料顯示出兩年前還沒有預(yù)見到的驚人特性—超導(dǎo)體技術(shù))”結(jié)合文章講述的是一項(xiàng)最新的超導(dǎo)體技術(shù),介紹了這一技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢以及研發(fā)歷史。可知,B選項(xiàng)“超導(dǎo)體技術(shù)：一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
12、答案：C
解析：詞義猜測題。通過畫線詞下文"exposing the continent to even more price increases and possible shortages if it's a cold winter.(這將使歐洲大陸面臨更多的價格上漲,如果冬天寒冷,還可能出現(xiàn)天然氣短缺。)"可推知,此處指天然氣儲量是有限的、不足的,所以很可能在歐洲大陸上造成天然氣短缺。畫線詞"scant"意為"不足的、缺乏的"。A.Total總共的；B.Additional額外的；C.Limited有限的；D.Regular有規(guī)律的。故選C項(xiàng)。
13、答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。通過文章第五段"Utility companies' exposure to natural gas prices has increased as high-emission coal plants have been retired, while utilities face higher costs for carbon allowances required by the European Union's emissions trading system, which is aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.(隨著高排放的燃煤電廠被淘汰,公用事業(yè)公司受到天然氣價格的影響有所增加,同時,公用事業(yè)公司面臨著歐盟碳排放交易體系要求的更高的碳排放額度成本,該體系旨在減少溫室氣體的排放。)"可推知,一些燃煤電廠的關(guān)閉是導(dǎo)致電價上漲的主要原因。故選A項(xiàng)。
14、答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章倒數(shù)第二段"The tight gas market could bite even more sharply if there's an unusually cold winter. That's because European distributors did not refill reserves reduced during last winter as they typically had done in summer months.(如果今年冬天異常寒冷,供應(yīng)緊張的天然氣市場可能會受到更大的沖擊。這是因?yàn)闅W洲經(jīng)銷商沒有像夏季那樣補(bǔ)充去年冬季減少的庫存。)"可知,異常寒冷的冬天會讓天然氣市場變得更加緊張是因?yàn)闅W洲經(jīng)銷商沒有做好準(zhǔn)備。故選B項(xiàng)。
15、答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段James Huckstepp的話"The short answer is Yes, this is a real risk.(簡單的回答是肯定的,這是一個真正的風(fēng)險。)"以及"Storage stocks are at record lows and there isn't currently any spare supply capacity that is exportable anywhere in the world.(庫存處于歷史最低水平,目前世界上任何地方都沒有可供出口的備用供應(yīng)能力。)"可推知,歐洲的天然氣儲備不足,未來可能面臨嚴(yán)重的天然氣短缺。故選C項(xiàng)。
16、答案：①-⑤ ADGBE
解析：①推理判斷題。上文As the proverb goes , beauty is in the eye of the beholder.(俗話說,情人眼里出西施。)說明美感受觀察者的主觀感受影響。A項(xiàng)"But"表示與上文轉(zhuǎn)折,講的是環(huán)境也很重要,從而引出下文關(guān)于幸福感與環(huán)境之間的聯(lián)系的論文研究: "A paper published two years ago in Nature found a connection between people's sense of well-being and the scenicness (美景) of where they lived."(兩年前發(fā)表于《自然》的一篇論文發(fā)現(xiàn),人們的幸福感與他們所居住的地方的景色之間存在聯(lián)系。) A項(xiàng)符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。
②推理判斷題。上文The connection , the paper's authors found , held true whether a neighborhood was urban or rural.(論文發(fā)現(xiàn),無論是在城市還是在農(nóng)村,這種聯(lián)系都是存在的。)說明無論地點(diǎn)在哪兒,幸福感和環(huán)境有關(guān)的聯(lián)系都是存在的;下文Nor did levels of air pollution have any influence on it.(空氣污染水平也不對其產(chǎn)生影響)說明與空氣污染水平無關(guān)。所以設(shè)空處.也是講的是影響人們幸福感的因素,而且由下文"Nor"可知設(shè)空處也是否定句。D項(xiàng)"It bore no relation to volunteers' social and economic status."(人們的幸福感和參與調(diào)查的志愿者的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位無關(guān)。) 符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。
③推理判斷題。下文The team behind that Nature paper have nevertheless decided to have a go.(盡管如此,該論文的團(tuán)隊(duì)還是決定做一番嘗試。)的"nevertheless"說明它與設(shè)空處之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,也就是說,該團(tuán)隊(duì)所嘗試的內(nèi)容是有難度的。再根據(jù)后面The program's task was to work out ,by analyzing each photograph's features in the context of its Scenic-or-Not ratings, what it is that makes a landscape scenic.(該項(xiàng)目的任務(wù)是,通過分析對應(yīng)不同美景等級的照片的特征,找出使風(fēng)景被視為美景的因素。)可知,團(tuán)隊(duì)嘗試分析景色被視為美景的因素。由此推知,設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容與給美景下定義讓人苦惱有關(guān),所以G項(xiàng)"Determining what scenicness is, though, has always been frustrating for scientists."(確定美景的概念讓科學(xué)家們感到沮喪。)符合文意,故選G項(xiàng)。
④推理判斷題。上文In artificial landscapes, castles, churches and cottages were seen as scenic.(人工景觀中,城堡、教堂和村舍被視為美景。)講的是有些人工景觀被評為美景。B項(xiàng)" Hospitals , garages and motels were not so much."講的是醫(yī)院、車庫和汽車旅館等另一些人工景觀的美景評分并不高。上文和設(shè)空處講的都是人工景觀的美景評級結(jié)果,由此引出下文的結(jié)論:The analysis did, however, confirm one important finding from the team's previous study, which is also a message for town planners. Green spaces alone are not scenic.(然而,該研究的確印證了團(tuán)隊(duì)先前的一項(xiàng)研究,該研究也給城市規(guī)劃師提供了建議。綠地自身不是美景)。故選B項(xiàng)。
⑤推理判斷題。上文Green spaces alone are not scenic. To be so they need to involve contours (高低起伏的輪廓) and trees.(綠地自身不是美景,要有高低起伏的輪廓和樹木。)說明要多種些樹、具有高低起伏的輪廓才算是風(fēng)景。E項(xiàng)對上文進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,即少一些草地,多一些樹和灌木叢才受大家歡迎,符合文意。故選E項(xiàng)。
17、答案：C
解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：今天早上,我們在堪薩斯州的威奇托市,正在拍攝每年春天穿越美國中部的劇烈且具有破壞性的天氣。A. recognize認(rèn)出；B. transform使變形；C. photograph拍攝；D. forecast預(yù)測。根據(jù)上文“When you are storm chasing”和下文“This time, we 13 to get in front of it, stopping to photograph it”可知作者一行人追逐風(fēng)暴并進(jìn)行拍攝。故選C項(xiàng)。
18、答案：C
解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們在車上裝上我們的裝備,然后就出發(fā)了,在萬里無云的藍(lán)天下行駛了幾百英里。A. nutrients營養(yǎng)；B. flavor風(fēng)味；香料；C. equipment設(shè)備；D. documents文件。根據(jù)第一段中“When you are storm chasing”可知作者一行在追逐風(fēng)暴,結(jié)合常識和上文“l(fā)oaded the car with...”可推知,從事專業(yè)且危險的事情,他們需要帶上設(shè)備。故選C項(xiàng)。
19、答案：D
解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們接近風(fēng)暴中心時,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在與大風(fēng)、暴雨和猛烈的冰雹作斗爭。A. mentioned提到；B. identified辨認(rèn)；C. captured捕獲；D. approached接近。根據(jù)上文“Then we reached the border of our targeted storm”可知,此處指作者一行接近風(fēng)暴的中心。故選D項(xiàng)。
20、答案：A
解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們接近風(fēng)暴中心時,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在與大風(fēng)、暴雨和猛烈的冰雹作斗爭。A. struggling掙扎；作斗爭；B. comparing比較；C. engaged參加,從事；D. filled充滿,裝滿。根據(jù)上文可知,作者一行接近了風(fēng)暴中心,遭遇狂風(fēng)、暴雨和冰雹,所以他們與這些惡劣天氣作斗爭。struggle with意為“與……作斗爭”。故選A項(xiàng)。
21、答案：B
解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：攝影師克里斯特爾在駕駛,加速以趕在風(fēng)暴前面,但風(fēng)暴移動得太快了。我們幾乎跟不上它。A. pretended假裝；B. accelerated加速,促進(jìn)；C. deserved值得,應(yīng)得；D. hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)下文“to get in front of the storm”可知,為了趕到風(fēng)暴的前面需要加速行駛。故選B項(xiàng)。
22、答案：D
解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：攝影師克里斯特爾在駕駛,加速以趕在風(fēng)暴前面,但風(fēng)暴移動得太快了。我們幾乎跟不上它。A. instantly立刻,馬上；B. gradually逐漸地；C. exactly精確地,正確地；D. hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)上文“but it was moving too fast.”可知,他們幾乎追不上風(fēng)暴。故選D項(xiàng)。
23、答案：B
解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后,我們看到了由風(fēng)暴造成的可怕景象：在我們右邊半英里處,被雨包裹的龍卷風(fēng)。A. disgusting討厭的；B. frightening可怕的；C. annoying厭煩的；D. embarrassing尷尬的。根據(jù)下文“a rain-wrapped tornado half a mile to our right”可知,在他們旁邊出現(xiàn)了龍卷風(fēng),這是令人害怕的景象。故選B項(xiàng)。
24、答案：D
解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：混亂的情況使我們很難把它保持在視線內(nèi)。A. efficient效率高的；B. contradictory相互矛盾的；C. fundamental根本的,基本的；D. tough困難的。根據(jù)上文“The chaotic conditions”可推知,混亂的環(huán)境使他們很難看清風(fēng)暴的動向。故選D項(xiàng)。
25、答案：A
解析：考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：我們失去了我們的手機(jī)信號和所有我們迫切依賴的通訊數(shù)據(jù)。A. dependent on依靠；B. absorbed in全神貫注于；C. satisfied with滿意；D. curious about好奇。結(jié)合常識和句中“our cellphone signals and all the data”可推知,他們需要依賴手機(jī)信號和數(shù)據(jù)來進(jìn)行通訊。故選A項(xiàng)。
26、答案：D
解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時,我們的探險隊(duì)隊(duì)長、氣象專家尼克喊道：“我們必須逃離?！笨死锼固貭柾蝗桓淖兎较?把車開向北方的一條鄉(xiāng)間小路,躲開了瘋狂的危險的追逐。A. deliberately故意地；B. frequently頻繁地；C. rigidly嚴(yán)格地；D. abruptly突然地,唐突地。根據(jù)前文惡劣天氣導(dǎo)致的混亂場面描述可知,此時情況十分緊急,故克里斯特爾是聽到指令后立即(突然)改變行車方向。故選D項(xiàng)。
27、答案：C
解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時,我們的探險隊(duì)隊(duì)長、氣象專家尼克喊道：“我們必須逃離?！笨死锼固貭柾蝗桓淖兎较?把車開向北方的一條鄉(xiāng)間小路,躲開了瘋狂的危險的追逐。A. predicting預(yù)測；B. tolerating容忍；C. escaping逃離；D. witnessing目睹。根據(jù)前文“We have to flee.”和“driving the car north onto a country road”可知,此處指我們?yōu)榱颂与x龍卷風(fēng)的追逐而把車開到一條鄉(xiāng)間小路。故選C項(xiàng)。
28、答案：B
解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在一段晴朗的天空之后,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)又有一場風(fēng)暴在等著我們。A. cloud云；B. storm暴風(fēng)雨；C. car汽車；D. road路,公路。根據(jù)前文對暴風(fēng)雨天氣的描述可知此處指另一場暴風(fēng)雨正等著我們。故選B項(xiàng)。
29、答案：C
解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這一次,我們設(shè)法趕到了它的前面,停下來拍照,然后跑回車?yán)锒惚芩鼧O度的憤怒。A. regretted遺憾；B. devoted獻(xiàn)身,致力；C. managed設(shè)法做到,管理；D. proposed提議,建議。根據(jù)下文“to get in front of it, stopping to photograph it”可知,這一次他們設(shè)法趕到了風(fēng)暴的前面,并成功拍照。故選C項(xiàng)。
30、答案：D
解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這一次,我們設(shè)法趕到了它的前面,停下來拍照,然后跑回車?yán)锒惚芩鼧O度的憤怒。A. calm使鎮(zhèn)靜；B. ignore忽視；C. challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D. avoid避免,避開。根據(jù)前文“racing back to the car”可知此處指為了避開風(fēng)暴的突變。故選D項(xiàng)。
31、答案：A
解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們看著閃電密布的云消散了,展現(xiàn)出夜空—這是對那些不顧危險尋找它的人的美麗獎賞。A. reward獎勵；B. excuse借口；C. appetite食欲,胃口；D. thought想法。根據(jù)前文我們不顧危險拍攝暴風(fēng)的細(xì)節(jié)描寫,再結(jié)合語境可知此處指的是對那些不顧危險尋找它(惡劣天氣景象)的人的美麗獎賞。故選A項(xiàng)。
32、答案：①are being worn②beliefs③which④if/when⑤maintaining⑥poisonous⑦prevention⑧an⑨constantly⑩as
解析：①考查動詞語態(tài)。句意:如今,全世界都戴口罩,但中國是最早意識到戴口罩重要性的國家之一.根據(jù)時間狀語nowadays和語境可知,疫情當(dāng)下,戴口罩是正在發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時; wear與face masks是邏輯動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故填are being worn。
②考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:其中包括根植于中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)的信念,其中“氣”是一個非常重要的概念。 此處作動詞include的賓語,應(yīng)用名詞belief, 意為"信念,觀點(diǎn)",belief為可數(shù)名詞;根據(jù)后半句可知“氣”是很多信念中的一個,所以用復(fù)數(shù)beliefs.故填beliefs。
③考查定語從句。句意:其中包括根植于中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)的信念,其中“氣”是一個非常重要的概念。此處是非限定性定語從句,先行詞是beliefs, 指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中位于則介詞后,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
④考查狀語從句。句意:人們認(rèn)為,如果(當(dāng))一個人氣不足,他們更容易生病。根據(jù)句意可知,此處可以使用引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,也可以使用when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故填if或when。
⑤考查非謂語動詞。句意:因此,保持肺中清潔空氣的供應(yīng)是很重要的。此處作主語,應(yīng)用動名詞形式。故填maintaining。
⑥考查形容詞。句意:由于口罩可以過濾空中的有毒物質(zhì),人們傾向于認(rèn)為口罩是預(yù)防疾病的有用工具。此處修飾名詞matter,應(yīng)用形容詞poisonous"有毒的",作定語。故填poisonous。
⑦考直名詞。句意:由于口罩可以過濾空氣中的有毒物質(zhì),人們傾向于認(rèn)為口罩是預(yù)防疾病的有用工具。此處作介詞for的賓語,應(yīng)用名詞prevention, 意為“預(yù)防,阻止”。故填prevention。
⑧考查冠詞。句意:據(jù)醫(yī)學(xué)信息顧問鄧小凡博士介紹,只要正確佩戴,口罩實(shí)際上可以防止病毒的傳播。此處是Dr. Deng Xiaofan的同位語,表示泛指,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,且advisor為元音音素開頭的單詞,應(yīng)用an。故填an。
⑨考查副詞。句意:其他專家指出,健康人在非公共場合不需要一直戴口罩。 此處修飾謂語動詞need to be wearing,應(yīng)用副詞constantly,意為“一直,持續(xù)不斷的”,作狀語。故填constantly。
⑩考查介詞。句意:在預(yù)防新冠肺炎方面,有關(guān)部門建議正確佩戴口罩和經(jīng)常洗手,這是控制疾病傳播的有效方法。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“作為有效的方法”,應(yīng)用介詞as“作為”。故填as。
33、答案：
Dear Peter,
With swimming sweeping nationwide, a swimming club has been formed recently in our school. In light of your great passion about it, I'm writing to invite you to join it.
In order to enrich our campus life, the swimming club without doubt provides us with an opportunity to build up our strength and foster a healthy lifestyle. In addition, a diversity of water-based activities are held, ranging from routine practice to regularly-organized matches, which cultivate the sports spirit as well as sharpen swimming skills. Please sign up in Mr. Smith's office before next Friday.
Such a great chance is it that you can’t afford to miss it. I'm convinced that it will live up to your expectations.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本篇要求考生給朋友Peter寫信,邀請他加入學(xué)校組件的游泳俱樂部。
體裁:應(yīng)用文
時態(tài):根據(jù)提示,時態(tài)應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主
結(jié)構(gòu):總分總
要求:
1.組建俱樂部的目的;
2.俱樂部的主要活動;
3.報名的時間和地點(diǎn);
第二步:列提綱(重點(diǎn)詞組)
invite sb. to do sth./ set up/ provide sb. with sth./ in order to/ in addition/ range from...to.../ be aimed at/ as well as/ sign up/ be convinced that.../live up to
第三步:連詞成句
1. With swimming sweeping nationwide, a swimming club has been set up recently in our school.
2. Knowing your great passion about it, I'm writing to invite you to join it.
3. In order to enrich our campus life, the swimming club without doubt provides us with an opportunity to build up our strength and foster a healthy lifestyle.
4. Additionally, a variety of water-based activities are held, ranging from routine practice to regularly organized matches, which cultivate the sports spirit as well as sharpen swimming sill.
5. Please sign up in Mr. Smith's office before next Friday.
6. Such a great chance is it that you can't afford to miss it.
7. I'm convinced that it will live up to your expectations.
第四步:連句成篇(加入銜接詞或從句)
表示并列的連詞: and/but/or/so...
狀語從句連詞: because/ if/ though/ although...
定語從句連詞: which/ that when/ where…
第五步:修改潤色(加入高級詞匯或短語)
范文內(nèi)容完整,要點(diǎn)全面,語言規(guī)范,語篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當(dāng),上下文意思連貫,符合邏輯關(guān)系。作者在范文中使用了一些主從復(fù)合句,例如: In addition, a diversity of water-based activities are held, ranging from routine practice to regularly organized matches, which cultivate the sports spirit as well as sharpen swimming skills,中which引|導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句; Such a great chance is it that you can't afford to miss it.中that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,且使用了部分倒裝。
34、答案：
The boys had watched, open-mouthed, as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Without a word, Brad rose and went to his room. He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. He hesitated briefly, clutching the toy, then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy. A slow smile spread across Brett’s face. Then he jumped up, eyes twinkling as he ran to fetch some of his prized Matchbox cars. Astonished, I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meghan’s gesture meant.
I looked at my children for a long moment. Swallowing back tears, I pulled all three of them into my arms. Inspired by my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week. I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did. It’s easy to give what we don’t want any more, but harder to let go of things we cherish. However, the true spirit of giving is to give with your heart.
解析：本文以一張報紙上照片為線索展開。講述了一次嚴(yán)重的龍卷風(fēng)災(zāi)害后,作者在報紙上看到了很多受災(zāi)家庭的照片,心生憐憫之情。于是決定發(fā)動自己的家人向他們捐贈一些物資,自己的女兒將自己最喜歡的玩具也捐了出去的故事。
1. 段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容 "當(dāng)他們的小妹妹把她最喜歡的洋娃娃放進(jìn)盒子里時,兩個男孩張大了嘴巴看著。" 可知,第一段可描寫男孩子門在看到妹妹這一舉動之后的表現(xiàn)。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容 "我盯著我的孩子看了很長時間。" 可知,第二段可描寫作者在看到自己孩子的舉動之后的反應(yīng)和內(nèi)心的感悟。
2. 續(xù)寫線索：男孩子驚訝—男孩子拿出自己的東西—我驚訝—拿出我的東西—感悟。
高級詞匯：
行為類
①. 放棄：let go of / abandon
②. 忍住淚水：swallowing back / holding back tears
情緒類
①. 驚訝：astonished / amazed / be surprised
②. 猶豫：hesitate / stand at
高級句型：
1. I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meghan's gesture meant.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)
2. Swallowing back tears, I pulled all three of them into my arms. Inspired by my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.(由現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語)
3. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week.(that引導(dǎo)的定語從句)


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