
教學(xué)目標(biāo):學(xué)習(xí)什么是賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)態(tài)的變化賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換
If與Whether的區(qū)別
Lead-inFree talkD yu like teacher?I like my teacher.(名詞作賓語(yǔ))What d yu like sprt?I like playing basketball.(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來?yè)?dān)任。
I like my teacher.(名詞作賓語(yǔ))I like playing basketball.(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))I decide t study hard.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))I knw him .(代詞作賓語(yǔ))賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來?yè)?dān)任。
We knw him.
We knw he likes English.
一 什么 是賓語(yǔ)從句?
概念:句子的賓語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、 動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng),當(dāng)一 個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí),我們把這個(gè)句 子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。 賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語(yǔ)
We knw he likes English.主S 謂V 賓O
Find ut the Object Clauses
We are prud f that Beijing is ne f the biggest cities in the wrld .D yu knw where he cmes frm? He asked me if I culd get t the bus statin n time.
引導(dǎo)詞可以簡(jiǎn)單的分3類:賓從陳述句,that來引導(dǎo);賓從特問句,特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo);賓從一般問句,if、whether來引導(dǎo)。
2.由連接代詞 Wh,whm,whse,which,what和連接副詞 where,hw,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連詞既有詞義又充當(dāng)句子成份。
e.g.1)D yu knw whse bk it is ?(誰(shuí)的,作定語(yǔ)) 2)Culd yu tell me why the train is late? (為什么,作狀語(yǔ)) 3)He asked wh culd answer the questin.(誰(shuí),作主語(yǔ))
注:that 在句中無(wú)詞義,在從句中不能充當(dāng)句子成分,在口語(yǔ)中往往被省略.連接的賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句。
e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hur.
1.由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
二 .賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞
3.由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
e.g. I want t knw if/whether she is right . They didn’t knw whether Tm culd cme back r nt .
if/whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 表示“是否”之義,在句中不充當(dāng)句子成份。 if/whether可互換,但whether…r nt為固定搭配.
看一看:I dn’t knw if it will rain tmrrw.If it rains ,I’ll stay at hme. I want t knw when he will cme back.When he cmes back, please tell me.想一想:when和if 可以引導(dǎo)什么從句?它們的時(shí)態(tài)有什么特點(diǎn)?
when和if 既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。在賓語(yǔ)從句中,時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)需要確定;在狀語(yǔ)從句中,遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。
If 與whether 的區(qū)別
I dn’t knw _____ he will cme r nt.I dn’t care f ______ he is handsme.He wndered ______ t stay here the next week.____ he will cme is nt decided.
與r nt 連用只能用whether
介詞后只能用whether
與t d 不定式連用只能用whether
作主語(yǔ)只能用whether
Helen says that she will learn French next year. D yu knw where he cmes frm? He asked me if I culd get t the bus statin n time.
無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語(yǔ)從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,即是“主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后”的順序。
將下列問句變成陳述句。
??? 1. Can he swim ? →??? ?????? ?swim .
??? 2. Des he have a pen ? →??? ??? ????a pen .
??? 3. Which place did he g t ? →Which place ?? ? ? ???.
??? 4. What's wrng with yu ? →???????????????????????? ?????? .
??? 5. What happened t yu ? →???????? ???????????????????????? .
??? 6. Which is the way t the statin? → ?????? ?. 想一想 為什么4,5,6 語(yǔ)序不變?
What happened t yu
What's wrng with yu
說一說將上面的句子置于一個(gè)主句后,變成一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。
Which is the way t the st想一想 為什么4,5,6 語(yǔ)序不變? atin
Can yu tell me/I want t knw/I wnder/Please tell me……?e.g. Can yu tell me if/whether he can swim?
2.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時(shí)態(tài),從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。(呼應(yīng)性原則)
1) He will g t Hng Kng .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a bk . 4) He has finished his wrk.
1) he t Hng Kng .
2) he sick.3) he a bk . 4) he
was reading
had finished
四.賓語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)態(tài)的變化
was playing
had learned
1.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制,我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。(需要性原則)
確定從句的時(shí)態(tài)(根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài))
從 句 時(shí) 態(tài)
3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí),就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制,仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。(特殊性原則)
He tld me (that)
Summer is after Spring .
I was tld (that)
the sun is much bigger than the mn.
My parents tld me (that)
n news is gd news.
比一比 I dn’t knw where I shuld g. Tell me hw I can d it. I dn’t knw where t g. Tell me hw t d it. 你有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)? 結(jié)論:由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 ←→疑問詞 + t d 的簡(jiǎn)單句。
條件:(1). 主主從主?????? (2). 主(間)賓從主練一練
1.I dn’t knw what I shall d next .(變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句)
→ I dn’t knw???? ????? ????? ????next .
2.Jhn didn’t decide which bk he wuld buy .(變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句) → Jhn didn’t decide?????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? .
五.賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換
What t d
which bk t buy
( )1(2014天津)—Culd yu tell me yuanxia in China? —Usually at Lantern Festival. A.when d peple eat B.hw d peple eat C.when peple eat D.hw peple eat
( ) 2.—Jack, culd yu tell me fr travelling this summer? — We plan t g and see the beautiful sea in Hainan. A.where yur family will g B.hw will yur family g C.hw yur family will g D.where will yur family g
if/whether(一般疑問句 )
特殊疑問詞(特殊疑問句)
主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)
賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序都為陳述句語(yǔ)序
客觀真理 自然現(xiàn)象公式定理 名言警句 時(shí)態(tài)不變
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