專題07介詞【母題來源1】【2020?貴州黔東南州】【母題原題】All of us helped to clean up the old people’s home ________ Eric. He had a bad cold.A. besidesB. againstC. exceptD. with【答案】C【解析】句意:除了埃里克,我們都幫忙打掃了老人家。他得了重感冒。考查介詞。A. besides除……之外(還);B. against反對(duì);C. except除……之外;D. with和……一起。根據(jù)下文He had a bad cold可知,埃里克沒去幫忙打掃老人的家。except表示從整體中除去某一部分,符合句意,故選C。【母題來源2】【2020?貴州省安順市】【母題原題】________ January 25, President Xi told the public that nothing matters more than people's safety and health.A. FromB. OnC. In【答案】B【解析】句意:1月25日,習(xí)主席對(duì)公眾說,沒有什么比人民的安全和健康更重要。考查時(shí)間介詞。From從;On其后一般加具體的時(shí)間/星期/帶day等詞的節(jié)日;In其后一般加季節(jié)/月份/年份/早中晚等。根據(jù)其后所加時(shí)間January 25可知,是具體時(shí)間,所以用時(shí)間介詞On。故選B。【母題來源3】【2020 ?山東省濱州中考】【母題原題】—I think washing hands every day is good________ our health. —Yes, I agree ________you!A. to; toB. with ;toC. for; withD. at; with【答案】C【解析】句意:——我認(rèn)為每天洗手有利于我們的健康。——是的,我同意你的觀點(diǎn)??疾榻樵~辨析。be good to對(duì)……好;be good with與……相處得好;be good for有利于;be good at擅長;agree to+表示計(jì)劃,建議的名詞,意為同意;agree with sb同意某人的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)空一后的our health可知,此處表示有利于健康,故用be good for;第二空后賓語you表示人,表示同意你的觀點(diǎn),所以用短語agree with。故選C。【母題來源4】【2020?甘孜州】【母題原題】Helen’s mother always goes shopping _____________ Friday afternoons.A. inB. onC. at【答案】B【解析】句意:海倫的媽媽總是在星期五下午去購物??疾榻樵~辨析。in后接年、月、季節(jié)等;on后接具體某一天、星期、前面有修飾詞的上午、下午或晚上等;at后接具體鐘表時(shí)刻。根據(jù)空后“Friday afternoons”可知afternoons前有修飾詞,此處用介詞on符合題意。故選B。【母題來源5】【2020?重慶市B卷】【母題原題】The bank is _________ the left of the supermarket. It's not far.A. inB. forC. onD. at【答案】C【解析】句意:銀行在超市的左邊。距離并不遠(yuǎn)。考查介詞辨析。in在……里;for為了;on在……上;at后接小地點(diǎn)。根據(jù)the left of the supermarket,可知,此空表示“在超市的左邊”,固定搭配:on the left of“在……的左邊”,所以空格處填on。故選C。【母題來源6】【2020 ?四川樂山中考】【母題原題】—Jack, can you swim ____________ the river?—I don't think I can. It's too wide for me.A. overB. acrossC. through【答案】B【解析】句意:——杰克,你能游泳穿過這條河么?——我認(rèn)為不能,對(duì)我來說太寬了。考查介詞。over在……上面;across 指在某一空間從一段到另一端或呈十字交叉穿過,該動(dòng)作在物體表面進(jìn)行;through強(qiáng)調(diào)從人群或物體中間穿過,該動(dòng)作在三維空間進(jìn)行。根據(jù)“the river”可知從河里游過去,從表面過去,用介詞across。故選B。【試題分析】這些試題均考查了介詞的常見用法,介詞辨析及固定短語等。【命題意圖】介詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看,一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2~4分。從命題意圖看,側(cè)重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用介詞的能力。【考試方向】1. 介詞辨析;2. 介詞短語辨析。介詞是一種虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分,必須與名詞或代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語,才能擔(dān)任句子成分。【得分要點(diǎn)】考向一:時(shí)間介詞表示"時(shí)間"的介詞如下:①表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻等用at, in, on ②表示時(shí)間的前后用before, after ③表示期限等用by, until, till ④表示期間等用for, during, through ⑤表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)等用from, since⑥表示時(shí)間的經(jīng)過等用in, within, at, on, in考向二:表示場所、方向的介詞(1)表示場所的介詞:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite (2)表示方向的介詞:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past 考向三:其他介詞(介詞除了可以表示"時(shí)間"、"場所"以外,有些也可以表示"手段""材料"等。)(1)表示手段和材料的介詞with, in, by ①with和……在一起?Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好嗎?with具有、帶有?He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有著一雙明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。with用某種工具或辦法?Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。?He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一只新鋼筆寫這封信。with one’ s help在某人的幫助下?With the teacher’ s help I have made progress.在老師的幫助下,我取得了進(jìn)步。②in表示用什么材料(如用墨水,鉛筆等),或用什么語言,或者表示衣著、聲調(diào)特點(diǎn)時(shí),不用with,而用in。?she wrote a letter in black ink.她用黑色的墨水寫信。?Don’ t write it in pencil but in ink.別用鉛筆寫,用鋼筆(水)寫。?Can you speak in English? 你能用英語說嗎?③by通過……方法、手段"by+交通工具"的詞組:by bicycle騎自行車by train坐火車by plane/by air坐飛機(jī)by taxi坐出租車by car坐小汽車by ship坐船by bus坐公共汽車(2)of, from①of(屬于)……的;表示……的數(shù)量或種類?This is a map of china.這是一幅中國地圖。?Will you please give me a cup of tea? 請(qǐng)您給我一杯茶好嗎?②from來自(某地、某人);以……起始(時(shí)間或地點(diǎn))?I’ m from Nanjing.我是南京人。?We work from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五上班。(3)without, like, as①without沒有,是with的反義詞。?Man can’ t live without air and water.人類沒有空氣和水不能生存。?Please give me a cup of coffee with(without)milk.請(qǐng)給我一杯(不)加牛奶的咖啡。②like像……一樣?Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的媽媽一樣。?Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她媽媽長得一樣。)用look時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)外表。③as作為?He is famous as a scientist here.他在此地作為一個(gè)科學(xué)家而聞名。?The room is dirty as usual.這房間像平時(shí)一樣臟。(4)against, about①against反對(duì);靠著?He is against the plan(Li Ming).他反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(他反對(duì)李明)?The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老師正靠著黑板站著。②about 關(guān)于;各處;身旁?Tell me something about your life.告訴我你的生活情況。?I have no money about/with me.我身上沒帶錢。about 詢問某人/某物的情況或提出建議?What about your sister? 你姐姐情況如何??How about going to the park? 去公園怎么樣?考向四:介詞短語1 at once 立刻2 at last 最后3 at first 起先,首先4 at the age of... 在……歲時(shí)5 at the end of...在……之末6 at the beginning of... 在……之初7 at the foot of... 在……腳下8 at the same time 同時(shí)9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午10 with one’ s help 在某人的幫助下,由于某人的幫助11 with the help of ... 在……的幫助下12 with a smile 面帶笑容13 with one’ s own eyes 親眼看見14 after a while 過了一會(huì)兒15 from now on 從現(xiàn)在起16 from then on 從那時(shí)起17 for example 例如18 far away from 遠(yuǎn)離19 from morning till night 從早到晚20 by and by 不久21 by air mail 寄航空郵件22 by bike/air/train/bus 騎自行車/乘飛機(jī)/火車/汽車23 by ordinary mail 寄平信24 by the way 順便說25 by the window 在窗邊26 by the end of... 到……底為止27 little by little 逐漸地28 in all 總共29 in fact 事實(shí)上30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十幾歲時(shí)31 in a hurry 匆忙32 in the middle of 在……中間33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快34 in time (on time) 及時(shí)35 in public 公眾,公開地36 in order to 為了……37 in front of 在……前面38 in the sun 在陽光下39 in the end 最后,終于40 in surprise 驚奇地41 in turn 依次42 of course 當(dāng)然43 a bit (of) 有一點(diǎn)兒44 a lot of 許多45 a little 一點(diǎn)兒46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上47 on foot 步行,走路48 a talk on space 一個(gè)關(guān)于太空的報(bào)告49 on the other hand 另一方面50 at/on the weekend 在周末51 on the left (right) 在左(右)邊52 on the other side of 在……另一邊53 on the radio 通過收音機(jī)(無線電廣播)54 to one’ s joy 使……高興的是55 to one’ s surprise 使……驚訝的是【母題1】【來源】【2020 ? 北京市昌平區(qū)初三年級(jí)二?!?/span>—When is the Dragon Boat Festival this year? —It's ________June 25th.A. inB. onC. аtD. of【答案】B【解析】句意:——今年的端午節(jié)是什么時(shí)候?——6月25日。考查介詞辨析。in用在某年、某月或季節(jié)的前面;on用在星期幾或具體某一天的前面;аt用在某一時(shí)刻的前面;of……的。根據(jù)句意和答句可知,6月25日是具體的一天,所以前面用介詞on,故選B。【母題2】【來源】【2020 ? 天津市南開區(qū)二模】—Do you often write __________ your parents?—No. I often talk with them __________ the phone.A. to; inB. for; onC. to; onD. for; in【答案】C【解析】句意:——你經(jīng)常給你的父母寫信嗎?——不,我經(jīng)常跟他們打電話交流??疾榻樵~辨析。to到……;in在……里面;for為了,因?yàn)椋?/span> on在……上面。第一個(gè)空考查短語write to sb.“給某人寫信”;第二個(gè)空考查短語on the phone“通電話”。故選C。【母題3】【來源】【2020 ? 湖北省武漢市硚口區(qū)一模】—Which is your brother?—The big man, smartly dressed ________a suit and tie.A.onB.withC.forD.in【答案】D【解析】句意:——哪一位是你的哥哥?——那個(gè)高大的男人,穿著精致的西裝打著領(lǐng)帶。考查介詞。on關(guān)于;with有,伴隨著;for為了;in穿著。根據(jù)“a suit and tie”可知此處表達(dá)穿著打扮,應(yīng)該用in。故選D。【母題4】【來源】【2020 ? 北京市房山區(qū)二模】In Beijing, flowers usually come out_________ April every year.A.inB.ofC.onD.at【答案】A【解析】句意:在北京,每年花在4月開放。考查時(shí)間介詞辨析。in加一段時(shí)間,年、季節(jié)、月、星期。of……的,表示所屬關(guān)系。on加具體某一天或某一天的早上,下午,晚上。at加時(shí)間點(diǎn)。題干中April為月份,用介詞in,故選A。【母題5】【來源】【2020 ? 上海市崇明區(qū)二模】I share my difficulties as well as happiness ______ my best friend, Linda.A.forB.toC.withD.at【答案】C【解析】句意:我和我最好的朋友琳達(dá)分享我的困難和快樂。考查介詞。for為了;to朝,向;with和……;at在……點(diǎn)時(shí);根據(jù)句意理解可知,這里表達(dá)的是“和某人分享……”,英語是share sth. with sb.,所以這里應(yīng)該用介詞with,故選C。【母題6】【來源】【2020 ? 安徽省合肥廬陽區(qū)九年級(jí)第二次模擬】—We are sure to win. They're already three points_________ us.—You can’t take it lightly.A. againstB. behindC. withD. for【答案】B【解析】句意:——我們一定會(huì)贏。他們已經(jīng)落后我們?nèi)至恕?/span>——你不能掉以輕心。考查介詞辨析。against反對(duì);倚;碰;behind 在……后面;with帶有,具有;for為了。根據(jù)“We are sure to win.”可知,這里是落后了三分。故選B。