專題04數(shù)詞和主謂一致一、數(shù)詞【母題來(lái)源1】【2020 ?黑龍江省龍東地區(qū)中考】【母題原題】My son is ________ years old. Today is his ________ birthday.A. twelve;twelveB. twelve;twelfthC. twelfth;twelve【母題來(lái)源2】【2020 ?貴州省黔西南州中考】【母題原題】—Dear, how is your homework going?—Oh, mom, I've just finished ________ of it.A. second threeB. two thirdC. second threesD. two thirds【母題來(lái)源3】【2020 ?重慶市B卷中考】【母題原題】Teachers' Day is in September, the _________ month of the year.A. nineB. ninthC. tenD. tenth【母題來(lái)源4】【2020 ?山東濱州市中考】【母題原題】—I like the number “9” best, because I think it stands for “l(fā)ong lasting”. — Me too. So I choose ________ floor to live on.A. nineB. ninthC. the nineD. the ninth【母題來(lái)源5】【2020 ? 遼寧省丹東市中考】【母題原題】The words from Page 1 to Page 3 are very clear. But the ones on the ________ page are not.A. firstB. twoC. threeD. fourth【試題分析】這些試題均考查了數(shù)詞的常見用法,基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞和分?jǐn)?shù)。【命題意圖】數(shù)詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看,一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2~4分。從命題意圖看,側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用數(shù)詞的能力。【考試方向】1. 基數(shù)詞;2. 序數(shù)詞;3. 分?jǐn)?shù)。【得分要點(diǎn)】考向一:基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)0—12單獨(dú)記。如:zero, one, two, three等。(2)13—19的詞尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊記。(3)20以上的整十的基數(shù)詞均以ty結(jié)尾。20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。(4)"幾十幾"要加連字符號(hào)"-"。48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。(5)"幾百幾十"或者"幾百幾十幾"在"百"后加and。156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。(6)四位數(shù)或者四位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞的拼寫規(guī)律:用逗號(hào)從右往左每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào),第一個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作thousand(千),第二個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作million(百萬(wàn)),第三個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作billion(十億),hundred后莫忘"and"。3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten;94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five;考向二:序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成first1stsecond2ndthird3rdfourth4thfifth5thsixth6thseventh7theighth8thninth9thtenth10theleventh11thtwelfth12ththirteenth13thfourteenth14thfifteenth15thsixteenth16thseventeenth17theighteenth18thnineteenth19thtwentieth20thtwenty-first21sttwenty-second22ndthirtieth30thfortieth40thfiftieth50thsixtieth60thseventieth70theightieth80thninetieth90thhundredth100thone hundred and first101st(1)"第一"、"第二"、"第三"分別是first, second, third。(2)"第四"到"第十九"除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼寫外,其余的都在相應(yīng)基數(shù)詞后面加"th"構(gòu)成。如:fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序數(shù)詞由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞變y為i,再加"-eth"。如:thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百萬(wàn)millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞時(shí),只變化個(gè)位數(shù)。如:twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th。一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d。八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty將y變成i,th前面有個(gè)e。若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來(lái)后用序。整十基數(shù)變序數(shù),先把ty變成tie,要是遇上兩位數(shù),十位基數(shù),個(gè)位序,th最后加上去。考向三:分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母構(gòu)成的。除了分子是"1"的情況外,序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)。?1/3one third7/9seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法:?a half 二分之一a quarter =one fourth 四分之一three quarters=three fourth 四分之三【母題1】【來(lái)源】【2020 ? 天津河西區(qū)模擬】—How old is your daughter?—________ . We had a wonderful party for her________ birthday yesterday.A. Nine; nineB. Nine; ninthC. Ninth; ninthD. Ninth; nine【母題2】【來(lái)源】【2020 ? 甘肅省張掖市第二學(xué)期第一次模擬考試】It’s said that ______ of the water around the world ______ polluted.A. two third; hasB. two thirds; haveC. two third; areD. two thirds; is【母題3】【來(lái)源】【2019 ?山東省濱州市無(wú)棣城區(qū)聯(lián)考九年級(jí)初中學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)水平模擬考試英語(yǔ)試題】visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.A.ThousandB.Thousand ofC.ThousandsD.Thousands of【母題4】【來(lái)源】【2019 ? 天津西青區(qū)模擬題】He climbed so fast that he reached the _______ floor in _______ minutes.A. nine; twoB. nine; secondC. ninth; secondD. ninth; two【母題5】【來(lái)源】【2020 ? 湖北省襄陽(yáng)市襄陽(yáng)陽(yáng)光學(xué)校一?!?/span>— Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways.— That'sof the world's total.A.two thirdB.two-thirdC.two thirdsD.two three二、主謂一致【母題來(lái)源1】【2020 ?遼寧省丹東市中考】【母題原題】Fresh water ________ more important than anything else.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【母題來(lái)源2】【2020 ?上海市中考】【母題原題】There ________more than two ways to solve this maths problem.A. amB. isC. areD. be【母題來(lái)源3】【2020 ? 湖北恩施州】【母題原題】There________ only a few things in the room, like a bed, some chairs and an old desk.A. wasB. wereC. is【母題來(lái)源4】【2020 ?黑龍江省龍東地區(qū)中考】【母題原題】Spending time with families ________ the happiest thing.A. areB. isC. be【母題來(lái)源5】【2020 ? 貴州省安順市中考】【母題原題】As we all know, using public chopsticks ________ necessary when we eat with others.A. isB. areC. was【試題分析】這些試題均考查了主謂一致的常見用法,就近原則和語(yǔ)法一致原則。【命題意圖】主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。對(duì)于主謂一致的考查,主要集中在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、漢譯英及其它類型的填空題中。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,要掌握主謂一致的基本用法及常見搭配。【考試方向】1.主謂一致的三個(gè)原則;2. there be句型;3.不定代詞做主語(yǔ)。考向一:主謂一致的三個(gè)原則1. 意義一致意義一致就是根據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)的意義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如:Maths is difficult for us. 數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很難。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察們正在山上盡力搜查小偷。2. 語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致即單數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:My bike is under the tree. 我的自行車在樹下。These books are old. 這些書是舊的。3. 就近原則就近原則即當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被某些連詞(短語(yǔ))連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與離它最近的詞保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming. 我父親來(lái),要不然就是我弟弟來(lái)。Not only you but also they are good students. 不僅你是好學(xué)生,而且他們也是好學(xué)生。【知識(shí)歸納】含義例句語(yǔ)法一致指的是主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式,主語(yǔ)如果為復(fù)數(shù)形式,那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom is a good student.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。They often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。意義一致又稱為概念一致原則,指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)單復(fù)數(shù)意義,而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系。My family are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書20美元太貴了。就近一致又稱為近鄰一致原則,指的是主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與緊鄰的名詞或代詞保持一致。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球,而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。考向二:不定代詞作主語(yǔ)1. 當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞前有each,neither,either,every修飾或each,neither,either作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each student has a book. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。Either answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都是正確的。Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都沒有和他在一起。Every minute is important to us. 每一分鐘對(duì)大家都很重要。2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合不定代詞someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了嗎?Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天沒有人離開。考向三:There be和Here be的就近原則There be和Here be 結(jié)構(gòu)后面接并列名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be均應(yīng)與最近的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。There is a pen,a pencil,a knife and three books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆,一支鉛筆,一把刀和三本書。Here are some flowers and a card. 這里有一些花和一張卡片。【母題1】【來(lái)源】【2020 ? 安徽省蕪湖市九年級(jí)畢業(yè)暨升學(xué)模擬考試(三)】The number of students in our school _______ 620 and a number of them _______ from the same village.A. is, isB. are, areC. is, areD. are, is【母題2】【來(lái)源】【2020 ? 上海市長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)、金山區(qū)一?!?/span>Not only Tom but also Gailfond of watching football games every summer.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【母題3】【來(lái)源】【2020 ?廣東珠海市北大附屬實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)九年級(jí)上學(xué)期10月調(diào)研】—Not only Tom’s parents but also Tom ______ traveling is a good way to experience different cultures.—So do I.A. thinksB. thinkC. doesn’t thinkD. don’t think【母題4】【來(lái)源】【2019 ? 山東青島市集團(tuán)校聯(lián)考初中學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)水平模擬考試】The number of the students in my class _____ fifty. A large number of them _____ from the countryside.A.is, areB.is, isC.are, isD.are, are【母題5】【來(lái)源】【2019 ? 山東省蒙陰縣九年級(jí)下學(xué)期期中測(cè)試一輪考試英語(yǔ)試題】There_____ a basketball game between these two grades in the gym this afternoon.A.willB.is going to haveC.is going to beD.will have