
語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式,一般說來,只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。如:He pened the dr.他打開了這扇門。(主動語態(tài))The dr was pened.這扇門被打開了。(被動語態(tài))
考點(diǎn)一: 有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)知識
2.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式,過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。3.被動語態(tài)的用法 在被動語態(tài)中,主語是動作的承受者,主要用于下列幾種情況:
(1)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如:This watch is made in China.這塊手表是中國制造的。(2)沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如:Mre trees must be planted every year.每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。
(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時。如: Chinese is spken by mre and mre peple in the wrld.世界上越來越多的人說漢語。(強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語的使用廣泛)(4)句子的主語是動作的承受者。如:Many huses were pulled dwn by the earthquake.許多房屋被地震摧毀了。
【拓展知識點(diǎn)】 1.不及物動詞及連系動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見詞有:happen,take place,lk,sund,feel,smell,taste,becme等。如: The stry happened n a cld night.這個故事發(fā)生在一個寒冷的夜晚。The fd tasted delicius.這種食物嘗起來很美味。
2.在主動語態(tài)中省“t”的動詞不定式,在被動語態(tài)中要加“t”。常見的有感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,ntice等,及使役動詞let,make,have。如: He made the girl stay at hme.(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))→The girl was made t stay at hme.
Russian is als taught in their schl.他們學(xué)校也教俄語。(肯定句)The windws f ur huse are cleaned nce a week.我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次。(肯定句)→The windws f ur huse aren’t cleaned nce a week.(否定句,在is, am, are后加nt)→Are the windws f ur huse cleaned nce a week?(一般疑問句,把is, am, are提句首)
考點(diǎn)二 :一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)(主語+am/is/are+dne)
Beijing was liberated in January,1949.北京是一九四九年一月解放的。(肯定句)These phts were taken n the Great Wall.這些照片是在長城拍攝的。(肯定句)→These phts weren’t taken n the Great Wall.(否定句,在was, were后加nt)→Were these phts taken n the Great Wall? (一般疑問句,把was, were提句首)
考點(diǎn)三: 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(主語+was/were+dne)
A new schl library will be built next year.一個學(xué)校的新圖書館將明年建成。(肯定句)→A new schl library wn’t be built next year.(否定句,在will后加nt)→Will a new schl library be built next year?(一般疑問句,把will提句首)
考點(diǎn)四 :一般將來時的被動語態(tài)(will+be+dne;am/is/are ging t+be+dne)
A new schl library is ging t be built next year.一個學(xué)校的新圖書館將明年建成。(肯定句)→A new schl library isn’t ging t be built next year.(否定句,在is/am/are后加nt)→Is a new schl library ging t be built next year?(一般疑問句,把is/am/are提句首)
(1)肯定句式(主語+情態(tài)動詞+be原形+過去分詞)The cmputer must be repaired nw.電腦必須立刻修。Many trees shuld be planted n the muntains.應(yīng)該在山上種許多樹。
考點(diǎn)五 :一般現(xiàn)在時帶情態(tài)動詞的的被動語態(tài)(情態(tài)動詞+be+dne)
(2)否定句式(主語+情態(tài)動詞+nt+be原形+過去分詞)It can nt be dne by Peter.這件事不可能是彼得干的。Waste paper shuld nt be thrwn n the rad.廢紙不應(yīng)該扔在路上。(3)一般疑問句式(情態(tài)動詞+主語+be原形+過去分詞)Must the trees be watered nw?這些樹必須現(xiàn)在澆水嗎?
(4)特殊疑問句式①特殊疑問詞(不作主語)+情態(tài)動詞+主語+be原形+過去分詞When can my cmputer be repaired?我的電腦什么時候能修好?②特殊疑問詞(作主語)+情態(tài)動詞+be原形+過去分詞What must be dne next?下一步該做什么?
1.—Why des the earth lk blue in space?—Because mst f the earth’s surface ______ by water. (黃石)A. cvers B. cveredC. cver D. cvered2.Students d less hmewrk nw. Usually it ______ befre 9 ’clck in the evening. (重慶)A. finishes B. finished C.is finished D. was finished
3.Mre chances ______ fr students t learn frm each ther if wrking in grups.(泰安)A. prvide B. are prvided C. prvided D. will prvide4.We are ging t take the high-speed train t Xi’an tmrrw, s an early arrival at the statin______. (河南)A. advises B. is advised C.is advising D. was advised
5.—Waiter, I’d like sme Ningb Dumplings.—Srry, sir. Ningb Dumplings ______nly fr lunch and dinner. (湖北隨州)serve B. served C. are served D. are serving6.(安徽)When the baby dg ______, it was very hungry. S we gave it sme fd. (安徽)A.is fund B. was fund C.has been fund D. will be fund
7.Ftball ______ t ur schl subjects last year. (陜西)A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added8.(重慶)—Mm, where is my mdel plane?—Oh, it ______ t Jenny yesterday. (重慶)A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. lent
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