2023年高考英語二輪復習講義（新高考專用）閱讀理解04猜測詞義含解析-課件下載-教習網

閱讀理解
解密04 猜測詞義的復習要點
【構建知識體系】
詞義猜測題
考點1 單詞詞義題
考點2猜測短語題
考點3 猜測指代題
考點4 猜測句意題
【英語學科素養(yǎng)解讀】
題型解讀
命題要求
素養(yǎng)解讀
要求考生閱讀4篇短文，從每題所給的4個選項中選出最佳選項。題材廣泛，包括科普、社會、文化、政治、經濟等多方面內容。體裁多樣，以記敘文、議論文、說明文為主。

考查主旨大意、細節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測、篇章結構等。
主旨大意題包括精確歸納標題、概括文章大意和總結段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主題和細節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基礎上運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯方法對文章進行高度概括和總結，做這類題目時要高瞻遠矚，不可以以偏概全。

【剖析全國高考真題】——預測高考命題方向
2023年命題解讀和近年考點再現(xiàn)
詞義猜測題考點1單詞猜測題
1.【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】C
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
10．What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Advice. B．Data. C．Tests. D．Laws.
【解析】本文一篇說明文。為解決司機在開車時使用手機造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術來監(jiān)控司機在開車的時候是否使用了手機。
【答案】10．D
10．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我們需要一些能改變人們行為的東西，）可知，something是能夠改變人們的行為的事情。根據(jù)下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他說，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會更害怕拿起手機。）可知，人們的行為會改變的條件是當Textalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機們才不會在開車的時候使用手機。故something指代的是法律。故選D。
2.C【2022·全國高考乙卷】
Can a small group of drones(無人機)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎設施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。應用今天的“空中之眼”的技術，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。
【答案】 9. C
9. C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施)”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和 C項：Inspection and repair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。

3.C【2021·全國新高考I卷】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 遷徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.291
29．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
【答案】29．C
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了美國鴨票的故事，由于美國移民的大量流入，對于農地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽。
29．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句與上一句形成了轉折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破壞了這些自然資源，故畫線詞意思是“破壞”。A. Acquire獲得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破壞；D. Distribute分配。故選C。
4.B【2021·全國高考乙卷】
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座機）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （調查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?
25．What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Admit. B．Argue.
C．Remember. D．Remark.
【答案】25．A
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達了固定電話是非必需品的觀點。
25．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個調查的目標人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調查中，他們應該是承認了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認”。故選A項。
5. 【2020·新高考全國II卷（海南卷）】
The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol（手槍）.
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."
"What's that?" they asked.
"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,
"You don't have grandchildren," someone said.
"I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.
The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon."
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.
25. What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to? （）
A. The student's parent.
B. The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C. The author's grandchild.
D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.
【答案】25．D
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講敘了作者為收集學生們帶到學校的玩具，想出了一個“奶奶的盒子”的辦法。到后來，作者的第一個孫子出生，學生們也不再來要求歸還他們的財物了，作者也在某一年圣誕節(jié)收到了兒子制作的大木箱，將“奶奶的盒子”變成了現(xiàn)實。
25．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“I would return the belonging”結合上文提到作者把學生帶到學校的玩具稱為“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里裝的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到這些禁果的擁有者在一天結束的時候出現(xiàn)，然后就會歸還他們的物品。由此可知，劃線詞意思為“禁果的擁有者”。故選D。
詞義猜測題考點2 猜測短語題
1.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善組織) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
10. C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin (開始)”含義相近。故選C。
2.【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經是一名記者，在春節(jié)期間，作者給孫子拿了一本兒童讀物，孫子卻以為是平板電腦，不停地戳書。
【答案】4．B
4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及畫線詞后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個講故事的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認識到了這一點。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。
3.C【2022·全國甲卷】
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了71歲的Ginni Balinton從小就熱愛旅行，渴望探險，她周游世界，并從2008年開始前往南極洲的旅行。
28. A詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段劃線詞前文“Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進一步探索”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,當她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終有了獨立的生活”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們獨立生活之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組take the plunge與try challenging things“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思相近。故選A。
4.B【2021年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
5．What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Behave badly. B．Lose their way. C．Sleep soundly. D．Miss their mom.
【答案】5．A
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了保證兩只老虎幼崽的存活，決定在家里全天候照顧它們。介紹了老虎在作者家生活的情況以及作者照顧老虎的感受。
5．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（隨著它們的活動越來越多，我們白天讓它們在房子里自由活動，但當我們睡覺時，我們必須把它們關在一個大房間里，否則它們會）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我們早上下樓時發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個動物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們關在一個大房間里，否則它們就會調皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個動物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。
5.C【2021·英語全國甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（橫桿）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
9．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A．Be careful! B．Well done! C．No way! D．Don't worry!
【答案】9．B
【解析】本文屬于記敘文。本文講述作者自己的經歷，起初搬到倫敦很不適應，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結識了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應了。作者回到倫敦之后，經常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在與一個玩滑板的孩子打招呼的時候，終于找到了自己久違的熟悉感。
9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義，結合選項，故選B。
6. 【2020·全國新課標II】
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(來源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避風港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盜版行為) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.335
33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Pleasure from working in the library.
B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D．A closer bond developed with the readers.
【答案】33．B
【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者是一個熱情的讀者，孩提時熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣傳圖書館。
33．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我長大了成了一位母親，結合下文I had several children and books were our main source (來源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有幾個孩子，書是我們娛樂的主要來源。對于我們來說，坐上車去當?shù)氐膱D書館是件大事，在那里我的孩子們可以挑選要閱讀的書或者想讓我給他們讀的書)可推斷，作者成了母親以后，帶著孩子去圖書館，孩子挑選書籍來閱讀，或者作者讀給他們聽，因此可知圖書館在作者的生活中又增添了新的意義，閱讀的樂趣在家庭中代代相傳”。故選B。
詞義猜測題考點3猜測代詞指代
1.【2020年新高考I卷（山東卷）】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬禮)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
7．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速觀察。
7．詞句猜測題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關于咸海消失的文章這件事，根據(jù)第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(幾年后，仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。
2.【2020年浙江卷】
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
10．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Increased length of green lights. B．Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing of traffic signals. D．Smooth traffic flow on the road.
【答案】10．C
【解析】這是一篇說明文。美國華盛頓州的Bellevue采用了能隨交通狀況而調節(jié)交通燈時間的適應性信號燈，大大緩解了交通壓力，也表明人們對于交通阻塞問題不再只是拓寬道路，而是能夠采用新方法。
10．指代猜測題。That位于第二段句首，應是指代第一段的內容。根據(jù)第一段內容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.(就像交通本身一樣，信號燈的時間也會變化)”可知，第一段主要講述的是信號燈的時間會靈活變化；“That is by design.”意為“那是有意為之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信號燈的靈活時間”。故選C項。
詞義猜測題考點4 猜測句意題
1.【2019·浙江卷】
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社會經濟的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
【答案】24. C
【文章大意】文章介紹了Tyler Bridges 所發(fā)動的一個項目，讓有善心的人捐助錢財，讓需要的人自取錢財，而這個項目的宗旨就在于讓人們能夠互相幫助。
24． C句意理解題。根據(jù)下文的故事并結合第一段板上寫的言語“Give what you can. Take what you need”可知，這里的錢是可以隨意拿取的，并不附帶任何條件，故選C項。
2.【2020·天津高考第一次】Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （無知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
1．The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
A．the turning point in our history
B．the present state of our nation
C．the location of our homeland
D．the total area of our country
【答案】1．B
【解析】本文是議論文。開頭提出問題為什么歷史重要。然后分四方面論述學歷史的好處，最后總結扣題說明學歷史的意義——歷史的價值不可低估，通過從中學習，并利用學到的教訓過更有意義的生活。
1．猜測詞義題。根據(jù)上句learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )into our ancestral pasts.,可知學習我們祖國的歷史能更深、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去。此處指學歷史著眼于大局，是從國家層面講的，與之一致，可推知畫線的where we are today指的是我們國家的現(xiàn)狀。故選B。

【高考預測】
縱觀近幾年全國高考試題，預測2023年全國高考試題還會
①Ⅰ卷在選材上繼續(xù)保持知識性和趣味性，語篇長度適中，題材與體裁廣泛，彰顯文化特色，重點考查考生快速獲取、處理、分析信息的能力。細節(jié)理解題占總量的60%左右，難度與上年持平，預計難度系數(shù)0.6。
②Ⅱ卷文章體裁繼續(xù)延續(xù)記敘文和說明文占主體的局面，另有一篇議論文和一篇廣告類說明文。題型以細節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題略有所增加，詞義猜測題1題左右。
【解密考場】——課堂講解突破關鍵能力　
猜測詞義
解密① 如何解決猜測詞義題？
【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】
【廣東省部分名校2022-2023學年高三上學期階段性學習效率檢測調研】
When 16-year-old Grayden Brunet joined the Sackets Harbor, New York, volunteer fire department in 2017, he was the youngest on the team by 20 years. He was so determined to be following in his dad’s footsteps that he persuaded two classmates, Niklas and Dalton, to sign up too.
A few years later, the older firefighters quit their jobs over COVID-19 concerns. Suddenly, the three teens were not only helping the Sackets Harbor volunteer fire department, they were the Sackets Harbor volunteer fire department. They were the ones responding to the emergency calls of heart attacks, car accidents, and suicides.And they were the ones who were responsible to send COVID-19 patients to hospitals. “We went from not even having our licenses to saving people’s lives,” Dalton told the reporter. As far as the teens were concerned, they couldn’t quit their jobs. If they did, Brunet told North County Public Radio,“The community would lose the emergency operators and the drivers of the ambulance.”
The three of them struggled on alone for a year until help arrived in the form of five more teens, all motivated to serve their neighbors in the town of 1,300 residents.“When they call 911, they’re expecting someone to help them,” says Sophia, who was 16 when she joined.
The job is taxing. One night last fall, the crew responded to two emergency calls and a fire. They got home at 5:30 a.m, just two hours before school started. “It’s definitely hard coming back from the calls and having to take an algebra test, Grayden’s younger brother Gannon said. But these brave teens didn’t mind the hard work. As a matter of fact, when callers met their rescuers, a lot of them would ask,“Wait, how old are you?” That was what they felt the most priceless moment.
6．What does the underlined word “taxing” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Effortless. B．Demanding. C．Enjoying. D．Helpful.
【答案】?6．B????
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了幾個青少年志愿加入消防部門，一邊完成學業(yè)，一邊參與各項消防工作，為社區(qū)提供了極大的幫助。
6．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“One night last fall, the crew responded to two emergency calls and a fire. They got home at 5:30 a. m., just two hours before school started. (去年秋天的一個晚上，消防隊的全體成員處理了兩次緊急呼叫和一起火災。他們早上五點半回到家，離開學只有兩個小時了)”可知，他們的工作強度很大，而且要兼顧學業(yè)，是費時費力，要求很高的。由此可知，劃線詞taxing與demanding(要求高的)意思接近。故選B。
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法1：如何解決猜測詞義題？
此類題目有的可利用構詞法來解答，首先要弄明白構詞法的三種形式：派生法、轉
化法和合成法，高考閱讀理解題中的猜測詞義題主要集中表現(xiàn)為派生和合成兩種形式。有的題需要利用上下文的已知部分進行推理；有的還需要依靠常識和經驗來猜測詞義；還有的可以根據(jù)定義、解釋和舉例猜測詞義。
【變式精講】
【廣東省華南師范大學附屬中學2022-2023學年高三上學期綜合測試】
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to tun climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep." What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t??keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum??computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype. but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“ by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
15．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
【答案】??15．A????
【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。
15．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because ‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.(但約翰遜表明，量子計算的某些方面使得它特別 prone被炒作，可能是因為“量子”代表了一些你不應該理解的酷東西)”可知，本句中含有一個原因狀語從句，因為“量子”代表了一些你不應該理解的酷東西，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prone意為“易于……的”。故選A。
解密②如何解決猜測短語題?
【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】
【廣東省華南師范大學附屬中學2022-2023學年高三上學期綜合測試】
A character in one of Shakespeare’s plays once said, “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Any of these could apply to the modern-day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged (認可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.
With this acknowledgement of their “greatness” come all the trappings of modern-day celebrity: money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.
In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars of the present day. They are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fact that the self-righteous (自以為是的) anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye of modern media it is a different world, and different standards must be expected.
Of course, there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes’ actions, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes.
It is without doubt that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modern day sportsmen are almost ideals of today’s world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying their influence on these children’s lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you.
7．The underlined phrase thrust upon in paragraph 1 most probably means ______.
A．put off B．removed from C．related to D．forced on
【答案】?7．D????
【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文，很多有名的運動員成為孩子的偶像，他們的言行對崇拜他們的人有很大影響，因此應注意自身的言行，履行社會責任。
7．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語前一句“Some are born great，some achieve greatness(有些人生來偉大，有些人通過努力獲得偉大)”可知，劃線短語所在句“and some have greatness thrust upon them”是講述另一種變得偉大的方式，應是“被迫變得偉大”，所以thrust upon意為“被迫，強加于”。故選D。

【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法2：如何解決猜測短語題?
猜測短語題要利用出現(xiàn)短語的上文與其意義上的聯(lián)系或下文進一步的敘述來猜測它的意思或利用文章中所出現(xiàn)的與短語意思相反的內容來猜測其語意。
【變式精講】
【山東省濟寧鄒城市2022-2023學年高三上學期期中】
In an effort to control the nation’s growing problem with food wastage, South Korea has started a unique initiative — “Pay as You Trash”. Residents are required to separate their food waste from the rest of their rubbish and throw it separately in a centralized dustbin. And in order to access the bin, they actually need to pay by the kilo!
As of now, South Korea has three methods in place to charge citizens for the food thrown away. One is through an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) card — when users tap this card over a specially designed food waste bin, the cap will open. This waste is automatically weighed and recorded in the user’s account. The user needs to settle this bill on a monthly basis. The second billing method is through pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based on volume. For instance, in Seoul, a 10-liter garbage bag costs around $1. There’s also a bar code management system in place, in which citizens throw food waste directly into compost bins and pay for it by purchasing bar code stickers attached to the bin.
Nearly every residential complex in the nation is equipped with one of these three payment systems. Even before the pay-by-weight system was introduced, South Koreans were still being charged for food waste—the cost was simply divided equally among the residents of each apartment block. The new system is not only fair, but is also designed to make consumers really feel the pinch of unreasonable waste. The more food they throw out, the more they end up paying.
Citizens like Seoul housewife Ms. Kwan are now adopting innovative methods to avoid food waste. She makes sure to remove all the liquid out of leftover food before throwing it away. While preparing vegetables, she tries to make use of as much as the eatable parts as possible to minimize waste.
11．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “feel the pinch” Paragraph 3?
A．Predict the prospect. B．Analyse the component.
C．Suffer the consequences. D．Propose the solution.
【答案】????11．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。為了控制韓國日益嚴重的食物浪費問題，韓國推出了一項獨特的舉措——“為垃圾買單”。居民們被要求將食物垃圾與其他垃圾分開，分別扔進一個集中的垃圾箱。為了進入垃圾桶，他們實際上需要按公斤付錢！
11．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“The new system is not only fair, but is also designed to make consumers really(新系統(tǒng)不僅是公平的，而且是設計來真正使消費者……)”以及后文“The more food they throw out, the more they end up paying.(他們扔掉的食物越多，最終支付的費用就越多)”可知，新制度不僅公平，而且旨在讓消費者真正承擔不合理浪費的后果。因為他們扔掉的食物越多，最終支付的費用就越多。故畫線詞意思是“承擔后果”。故選C。

解密③如何解決猜測指代題？
【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】
【山東省百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考2022-2023學年高三上學期12月月考】
A study done by University of Michigan researchers found that shopping to relieve stress was up to 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and that shoppers were three times less sad compared to those who only browsed for items without buying.
More than half of the 1,000 consumers surveyed said they had impulsively (沖動地) shopped to deal with feelings of stress, anxiety or depression. Twenty-three percent of respondents said they had maxed out a credit card to relieve stress.
In terms of age, 68 percent of Millennials (千禧一代) said they would go shopping when having stress, compared to 53 percent of Gen Xers, who were born between 1965 and 1976, and only 26 percent of baby boomers born after World War Ⅱ.
In regards to genders, 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women purchased alcohol impulsively when stressed. Eighty-two percent of women spent on clothing compared to 52 percent of men. 42 percent of women also preferred to buy jewellery, compared to 22 percent for men, with men spending more for electronics 44 percent versus 30 percent for women.
In fact, shopping to reduce stress can actully help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. The survey found that 82 percent had only positive feelings about their purchases and that the positive mood boost was long-lasting. Shopping to relieve stress is also called retail therapy as a form of regulating stress. However, the side effect of it can start out as a relatively harmless mood booster but could possibly grow into a compulsion (沖動) that causes financial collapse and conflict, thereby adding a significant amount of stress to a person’s life.
14．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The retail therapy. B．The stress regulation. C．The mood booster. D．The shopping survey.
【答案】?14．A???
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了密歇根大學的研究人員進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些只瀏覽而不購物的人相比，通過購物來緩解壓力的效果要高出40倍，購物者的悲傷程度也要低三倍。同時，通過購物來減輕壓力可以讓你的血壓降低，從而幫助你過上更健康的生活。
14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段劃線處上句“Shopping to relieve stress is also called retail therapy as a form of regulating stress.(通過購物來緩解壓力也被稱為零售療法，是調節(jié)壓力的一種形式)”可知，it指代“retail therapy (零售療法)”。故選A。
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法：如何解決猜測指代題？
此類題目應注意代詞指代的總原則——代詞通常指代上文已提到的內容。代詞指代
要注意在數(shù)、格、邏輯、意義、位置等方面與之接近的名詞。就位置而言，代詞所指代的名詞通常在本句或其上句中。只有好好把握代詞指代所在段落或前面段落的整體意思，問題才能迎刃而解。
【變式精講】
【江蘇省決勝新高考2022-2023學年高三上學期12月大聯(lián)考】
At Christmas last year, Cathy Wood’s family home in Manchester was disturbingly quiet. Her daughters, 19 and 21, were revising for exams. She says she and her husband “hardly saw anything of them…I was a bit fed up.” Bored and frustrated, she bought a 45kg bunch of secondhand clothes, without knowing what she was going to do with it.
Wood, a former teacher of English, has always loved clothes. At university, Wood hung out with the fashion students and sewed her own new romantic outfits. Wood, now 62, enjoyed shopping for vintage (老款) clothing and had even discussed getting a shop with a friend, but the rents put them off. A week or so after the bunch arrived, she booked a stall (貨攤) at West Didsbury Makers Market.
Standing at her first market stall was a wholly new experience though. “It was very different from teaching. You need just the right amount of contact with people.” Wood sold four pieces at her first market, which paid for the stall and left a small surplus (盈余). Now, she sometimes returns home with 30 empty coat hangers. But it was the contact with customers and fellow traders that she found most rewarding. “It’s a lovely environment. You chat and get to know each other. I really enjoyed it.” she says.
Sometimes, in quiet moments on the stall, she takes out her mending and thinks of her mother and grandmother. “My grandmother taught art and crafts, and both she and my mother spent a lot of time with the sewing machine, teaching me to sew,” “What these clothes do is transport me back to different times when things were easier for me. They give me a pleasurable feeling. Nostalgia (懷舊) can be a good thing in that way.”
After she stopped teaching, she “started to feel like a non person”, she says. The market stall “has given me status in my own mind to be part of the community, contributing something, to be somebody people talk to, somebody people smile at.”
26．What does the underlined word “They” in Para.5 refer to?
A．Her grandmother and mother. B．Art and crafts.
C．The secondhand clothes. D．The good old days.
【答案】?26．D
【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位退休英語教師賣舊服裝的故事，她在這個過程中重新實現(xiàn)了自我價值。
26．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞上句“What these clothes do is transport me back to different times when things were easier for me.”（這些衣服的作用就是把我?guī)Щ夭煌臅r代，那時候的事情對我來說更容易。）可知，二手衣服把伍德帶回到過去美好的日子，由此可知，是過去美好的日子給她一種愉悅的感覺，結合選項可知，“They”代指“過去美好的日子”。故選D項。

解密④如何解決猜測句意題？
【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】
[2023·河北省高三模擬調研卷（三）]
It was the first day of Spring here but it didn't feel like it. The Coronavirus(冠狀病毒) Pandemic was sweeping the globe and everywhere there were feelings of uncertainty, fear, loneliness and even despair. "Social Distancing" had become the new norm. Here the schools had been closed, the restaurant dining rooms had been shut, and people had been told to work from home whenever they could. Even the sheltered workshop where my oldest son worked had been closed until furl her notice. People had made a run on the stores and large areas of the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers of sick and dead continued to rise. It felt like there was a weight on the souls of everyone in the world.
My own family was staying at home as much as possible and as I looked out my window I wondered how long this crisis would last. It was then, however. that I saw something that lifted that weight off of my soul, made my face smile, and made my heart feel happy again. On the street below my house there was an old friend of mine from high school who was a teacher there now. With him was my younger son s former aide from the high school as well. They were delivering the school lunches door to door to the hungry children who were stuck al home. Watching them made me think of something everyone's childhood television neighbor. Mr. Roger's once said:“ In the bad times, always look for the helpers. ”
I have no doubt this crisis will pass as all the crisis before it have. But it is our choice on whether it brings out the best in us or the worst in us. Let it bring out the best in you. Use it to strengthen your faith. Use it to free yourself from fear. Use it to grow kinder, more giving, and more loving. Become a helper to all those in need and you will be a happy person today and in all the days to come.
14．What Mr. Roger said actually means ______.
A．in bad times we should watch mon TV programs
B．school lunches arc not easy to forget for many people
C．we should prepare more lunches for school children
D．people look forward to helping hands in bad times
【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。在新春來臨之際，新型冠狀病毒席卷全球。在這危難的時刻，作者欣喜地看到街道上有人在挨家挨戶地給困在家里饑餓的兒童送餐。作者認為，在危急的時刻，人們仍然掌握著選擇權，選擇守望相助。
14．D句意猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段Roger的這句話 “In the bad times, always look for the helpers.”再結合上下文，疫情期間，人們相互幫助，可以推測，Roger的這句話意為“在危急的時刻，人們都應該互相幫助”。故選D。
規(guī)律方法4：如何解決猜測句意題？
此類題目通常需要猜測意思的是一個具有概括性的句子，或是格言、諺語等，做題時只要通過閱讀文章，對原句進行語法和詞義上的準確分析，并和答案選項做一番比較，不難找出正確選項。一般來說，正確選項的意思與原句的意思完全相同，只不過是用了其他的英語詞匯表述而已。
【變式精講】
【四川省樂山市高中2023屆第一次調查研究考試】
One of Britain's few typical contributions to world culture may come to an end, according to a survey that suggests holiday postcards are being emailed and texted into extinction（消亡）. More than half of the 1,000 holiday-makers interviewed said they had decided to send fewer cards, turning instead to their electronic competitors.
A quarter of the respondents（受訪者）dismissed postcards as old-fashioned and slow to arrive. A further 14% admitted that thinking of something to fill the space was too challenging, compared with a call home. Although officially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea of illustrated cards was taken up with most enthusiasm in Victorian Britain, joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the country excelled.
“If the British postcard did become extinct, we would lose for ever something of great importance to the nation," said Chris Mottershead of Thomson Holidays, which charged with the survey. He was backed by Marie Angelou of Sussex University, who has studied the importance of sending and receiving postcards. “Postcards are nothing like phone calls, instant texting and direct photo shots via the mobile," she said. “All these are useful, practical devices, but postcards offer something else, something additional that is not mundane（世俗的）and simply functional, but imaginative and personal. They can produce the real atmosphere of your holiday in a way that nothing else can do. They're also for more than a moment—with some people adding them to collections built up over years and years.”
Postcard-collecting, is third only to coins and stamps in Britain's related tradition of collecting things. The country's uniquely postcard-related achievements include the invention in 1902 of the“divided back”. With the address taking up half of the writing area, brief postcard scribbles（潦草的書寫）became the forerunner to today's text messages.
9．What does the underlined phrase "was taken up with most enthusiasm" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Gained popularity. B．Took place. C．Came back. D．Went into service.
【答案】9．A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在英國，很多人選擇不再發(fā)送明信片，而是選擇電子發(fā)送方式。
9．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the country excelled”（它與哥特式建筑和風景園林一起成為該國的優(yōu)秀領域。）可知，“the idea of illustrated cards”（插畫概念）成為優(yōu)秀領域，很受歡迎，推測劃線部分was taken up with most enthusiasm表示“很受歡迎”，與gained popularity同義。故選A項。