?大興區(qū)2022~2023學年度第一學期期末檢測試卷
高三英語
第一部分 知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
On a Saturday afternoon, you find most kids outside playing games. Kids are made for the ___1___, with their endless energy and the easy way in which they make friends. It’s not ___2___ for Kameron, an ordinary, fun-loving 7-year-old girl who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk. But in between ___3___, Kameron takes time to do something special for her ___4___ neighbors whose children have long since left home.
Kameron first started waving to them. Most of them smiled back. Then Kameron decided that some of them needed a little ___5___. So she ran home, took her violin and made the rounds. “Can I play you a song?” she asked, after knocking on the door.
Gustav smiled wide. His wife Vivian, who has had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎縮) for over 20 years, stood ___6___, and had difficulty moving about. It looked terribly uncomfortable. They’ve ___7___ their daily walks with afternoon drives, but even those are getting too difficult for Vivian.
Gustav let Kameron in, and Vivian ___8___ both arms of her chair and pulled to it. On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic. “Want me to play your favorite song?” Kameron asked. “Of course,” Gustav answered. It was the only song Kameron knew.
The small violin ___9___ seriously under Kameron’s chin(下巴). She played as best as she could. Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron. Gustav held Vivian’s other hand. It was not the performance that was moving, but the ____10____ it brought.
1. A. lessons B. outdoors C. classrooms D. experiences
2. A. easy B. normal C. different D. necessary
3. A. games B. exams C. destinations D. conversations
4. A. young B. proud C. elderly D. lovely
5. A. pressure B. emotion C. ambition D. pleasure
6. A. honestly B. awkwardly C. gratefully D. determinedly
7. A. replaced B. linked C. replied D. combined
8. A. took care of B. took charge of C. took out of D. took hold of
9. A. rocked B. rested C. jumped D. wandered
10. A. styles B. profits C. memories D. adventures
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述一個七歲的小女孩為老年夫婦演奏小提琴的故事。這對夫婦生活很孤苦，妻子常年生病，小女孩的演奏給他們帶來了極大的歡樂。
【1題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們天生適合戶外活動，他們有無窮的精力和輕松的交友方式。A. lessons課程；B. outdoors戶外；C. classrooms教室；D. experiences經(jīng)驗。由前文“ you find most kids outside playing games”可知，這里應講孩子天生適合“戶外”玩。故選B項。
【2題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對于Kameron來說，這并沒有什么不同，她是一個普通的、愛玩樂的7歲女孩，喜歡在人行道上跳世界上最長的跳房子。A. easy容易的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. necessary必需的。由后文“who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk”可知，Kameron和其他孩子并沒有什么“不同”，同樣喜歡戶外。故選C項。
【3題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但在比賽間隙，Kameron花時間為她的年長鄰居做一些特別的事情，他們的孩子早就離開了家。 A. games游戲；B. exams考試；C. destinations目的地；D. conversations對話。由前文“who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk”以及后文可知，Kameron在玩跳房子“游戲”的間隙，她會做一些別的事情。故選A項。
【4題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在比賽間隙，Kameron花時間為她的年長鄰居做一些特別的事情，他們的孩子早就離開了家。A. young年輕的；B. proud驕傲的；C. elderly老年的；D. lovely美麗的。由后文“ whose children have long since left home”和“ a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic”可知，現(xiàn)在她的鄰居已經(jīng)“年老了”。故選C項。
【5題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Kameron決定他們中的一些人需要一點樂趣。A. pressure壓力；B. emotion情緒；C. ambition野心；D. pleasure樂趣。由后文“Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron. Gustav held Vivian’s other hand.”可知，Kameron的表演為他們帶去了快樂，所以這里應表明她想給別人帶去“樂趣”。故選D項。
【6題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他的妻子Vivian患有肌肉萎縮癥已經(jīng)20多年了，她站的時候很笨拙，行動不便。A. honestly誠實地說；B. awkwardly尷尬地，笨拙地；C. gratefully感激地；D. determinedly果斷地。由前文“who has had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎縮) for over 20 years”可知，Vivian腿有病，站起來很“笨拙”。故選B項。
【7題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們已經(jīng)用下午開車取代了每天的散步，但即使是這樣， 對Vivian來說也變得太難了。A. replaced替換；B. linked連接；C. replied回答；D. combined聯(lián)合。由后文“their daily walks with afternoon drives”可知，散步對他們都困難了，所以他們用開車外出“代替”了散步。replace ...with...表“用...代替...”,為固定搭配。故選A項。
【8題詳解】
考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：Gustav讓Kameron進來， Vivian抓住椅子的兩端，拖著身子坐在了椅子上。A. took care of照顧；B. took charge of負責；C. took out of從中取出；D. took hold of掌握，握住。由前文“stood 　6　　”和后文“both arms of her chair”可知， Vivian剛開始是站著的，這里“握住”椅子的兩端，然后拖著身子坐了上去。故選D項。
【9題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這把小提琴認真地擱在Kameron的下巴下。A. rocked搖；B. rested休息，擱置；C. jumped跳；D. wandered徘徊。由后文“under Kameron’s chin”可知，Kameron把小提琴“放置”在自己下巴下。故選B項。
【10題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令人感動的不是表演，而是它帶來的回憶。A. styles樣式；B. profits利潤；C. memories記憶；D. adventures冒險。由前文“On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic.”以及結(jié)合文意可知，這里講Kameron的演奏讓他們“回憶”以前年輕沒有生病的快樂日子了。故選C項。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
A
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Two decades ____11____(pass) since newspapers launched websites, and yet here we are. Big papers have gone under, thousands of journalists have lost ____12____(they) jobs, and the idea that digital news will eventually become a decent business ____13____(feel) like a rumor(謠言). The reality is this: no social network has come close to matching the success of print readership.
【答案】11. has passed
12. their 13. feels
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了報紙行業(yè)的蕭條衰落，即使推出了數(shù)字新聞，也無濟于事。
【11題詳解】
考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：自從報紙行業(yè)推出網(wǎng)站，二十年過去了。然而我們?nèi)匀煌磺啊?根據(jù)時間狀語從句“since newspapers launched websites”可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時have/has done, 主句主語是“Two decades ”表示一段時間，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填has passed。
【12題詳解】
考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：報紙巨頭們一蹶不振，成千上萬的記者丟掉工作。根據(jù)“jobs”可知，需要形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。故填their。
【13題詳解】
考查一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：數(shù)字新聞將最終成為體面行業(yè)的想法感覺就像是一個謠言。根據(jù)句意可知，主語是“the idea”，后面接了that引導的同位語從句來解釋說明主語，空格處需填主句的謂語動詞，句子描述的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是“the idea”，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填feels。
B
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
While Lobby Boy takes its name from a character in the film, the band doesn’t want to be known as anything reductive. But one of the film’s ideas that everyone in your life has the incredible power to tell their own story is ____14____(amaze). “In my personal life, I try to remember that even if I’m struggling or having a conflict ____15____ someone, no matter what the interaction is, no matter how small or large it is, this is a story ____16____ is unfolding in front of me,” he says.
【答案】14. amazing
15. with 16. which##that
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Lobby Boy這部電影中的一個想法。
【14題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：但這部電影的一個想法是，你生活中的每個人都有難以置信的能力講述自己的故事，這是令人驚嘆的。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的主語是ideas，指物，所以空格處應該用-ing結(jié)尾形容詞amazing“令人驚嘆的”，作表語。故填amazing。
【15題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：“在我的個人生活中，我試圖記住，即使我在與某人斗爭或發(fā)生沖突，無論互動是什么，無論大小，這都是一個正在我面前展開的故事，”他說。分析句意，再根據(jù)空格前的conflict可知，此處用介詞with構(gòu)成固定搭配have a conflict with sb.“與某人有沖突”。故填with。
【16題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：同上。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞是story，指物，且從句中缺少主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導。故填which或that。
C
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
After 15 years of working to raise climate urgency, I’ve concluded ____17____ the public and world leaders underestimate how rapid, serious climate and ecological breakdown will be if humanity fails ____18____(organize). There may only be five years ____19____(leave) before humanity expends the remaining “carbon budget” to stay under 1.5℃ of ____20____(globe) heating. And there may only be five years before the Amazon rainforest and a large Antarctic ice sheet pass irreversible points.
【答案】17. that
18. to be organized
19. left 20. global
【解析】
【導語】本文為一篇說明文。作者已經(jīng)致力于提高氣候急迫性的工作15年了，他得出結(jié)論：公眾和世界領(lǐng)導人還是低估了氣候和生態(tài)崩潰的速度和嚴重性，沒有認識到必須把人類組織起來共同抵抗氣候變暖問題。
【17題詳解】
考查賓語從句的連詞。句意：在15年致力于提高氣候緊迫性之后，我得出的結(jié)論是，公眾和世界領(lǐng)導人低估了如果人類不能組織起來，氣候和生態(tài)崩潰將會多么迅速、嚴重。本句謂語動詞為conclude，后接賓語從句，應用連詞that。故填that。
【18題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：在15年致力于提高氣候緊迫性之后，我得出的結(jié)論是，公眾和世界領(lǐng)導人低估了如果人類不能組織起來，氣候和生態(tài)崩潰將會多么迅速、嚴重。此處考查動詞短語fail to do sth，意為“做某事失敗，未能做某事”，設(shè)空處為動詞不定式，organize與邏輯主語humanity之間為動賓關(guān)系，應用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。故填to be organized.
【19題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：在人類花費剩余的“碳預算”來將全球升溫控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。此處考查非謂語動詞，leave與邏輯主語five years之間為動賓關(guān)系，應用過去分詞left，意為“剩下”，作后置定語。故填left。
【20題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：在人類花費剩余的“碳預算”來將全球升溫控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。設(shè)空處應用形容詞global，意為“全球的”，修飾heating，作前置定語。故填global。
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
It’s exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be a writer. Rather than bombard them with fancy pens and motivational reading, direct them to a comfort zone: the Internet. These sites are great resources and landing spots for future storytellers.
Figment
Specially tailored for the teen reader/writer, Figment is a community dedicated to reading and writing stories online. Addictively fun, users can rate stories by whether they made them laugh, blush, cry, or just say “wow.” The site frequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors who sometimes drop in for Figment chats with the site’s community.
Wattpad
It is the largest online reading platform, and allows authors to share their work with the world. Well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctorow even post their work here. Teens can find and follow their favorite authors and release their own works as serial novels.
Teen Ink
Supported by the nonprofit Young Authors Foundation, Teen Ink is the twenty-five-year veteran in the fostering-teen-writers game. The magazine, book series, and website are devoted entirely to writing, art, and photos by teens. It’s also a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays and articles as well as poetry.
One Teen Story
Direct kids here to introduce them to the nonprofit’s monthly magazine. Each issue features one short story about the teen experience, usually from a known young adult author. Teens drawn to the short story form can also submit their work for consideration in an annual issue that features a story written by a teen for teens.
NaNoWriMo
NaNoWriMo is an awesome thirty-day adventure for any writer, but teens might be especially inclined to join. In November, would-be novelists over the world attempt to write a 50,000-word(or more) book in thirty days.
21. The passage is intended for _________.
A. teachers B. teens C. parents D. writers
22. Which sites may provide the chance to interact with recognized writers?
A. Figment and Wattpad. B. Figment and Teen Ink.
C Teen Ink and NaNoWriMo. D. Wattpad and One Teen Story.
23. What can be learned from the passage?
A. One Teen Story is a nonprofit’s annual magazine.
B. Figment regularly features young adult writers’ works.
C. NaNoWriMo offers teens a thirty-day adventure around the world.
D. Teen Ink is the first choice of teens who are keen on writing poems.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應用文。介紹了四個能為那些未來青年作家們提供的擁有絕佳資源的網(wǎng)站。
【21題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“It’s exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be a writer.(當你的書蟲青少年宣布他或她成為一名作家的計劃時，這是令人興奮的。)”可知，擁有一個想成為作家的孩子是一件令人激動的事情，由此可以判斷，該文章是寫給家長的。故選C項。
【22題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Figment部分的“The site frequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors who sometimes drop in for Figment chats with the site’s community.(該網(wǎng)站經(jīng)常舉辦比賽，并展示著名作者和編輯的作品，他們有時會與網(wǎng)站社區(qū)進行人物聊天。)”和Wattpad部分的“Well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctorow even post their work here. Teens can find and follow their favorite authors and release their own works as serial novels.(瑪格麗特·阿特伍德和科里·多克托羅等著名作家甚至在這里發(fā)表了他們的作品。青少年可以找到并追隨他們最喜歡的作家，并發(fā)布他們自己的作品作為系列小說。)”可知，這兩個網(wǎng)站提供了與知名作家互動的機會。故選A項。
【23題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)One Teen Story部分的“Direct kids here to introduce them to the nonprofit's monthly magazine.(直接把孩子們介紹給非營利組織的月刊。)”可知，One Teen Story是月刊，所以A錯誤；根據(jù)Figment部分中的“Specially tailored for the teen reader/writer, Figment is a community dedicated to reading and writing stories online.(Figment是專門為青少年讀者/作家量身定制的，是一個致力于在線閱讀和寫作故事的社區(qū)。)”可知，該網(wǎng)站是青少年作家為特色，而不是年輕的成年作家，所以B項錯誤；C項原文沒有提到提供全球30天的adventure，所以C項錯誤；根據(jù)Teen Ink部分中的“It’s also a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays and articles as well as poetry.(它也是對寫作和出版非小說類文章、文章以及詩歌感興趣的青少年的首選。)”可知，Teen Ink是喜歡寫詩歌的青少年的首選網(wǎng)站。故選D項。
B
Many parents dream of their children growing up and seeing the world. But Edith Lemay a mother of four from Canada, worried her children were running out of time to do that.
When her first child, Mia, was little, she noticed she would bump into things. In 2018, Mia was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa(色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎).
“What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision. There’s a chance they will go completely blind by midlife,” said Lemay.
The disease is genetic, meaning Lemay’s other kids were at risk. She soon noticed two of her sons, Collin and Laurent, had the same symptoms. They were soon diagnosed, too.
“Of course it was devastating(令人極為震驚的). And when you have a kid, you always have an image of what their future is going to be like and all of a sudden, you get that news and you need to erase that and think it over. And it really is a grieving process,” Lemay said.
Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory. In March, Lemay, her husband, and her four kids left Canada and embarked on an epic journey, traveling the globe for a whole year—showing their kids the world, before it is too late.
During their trip Lemay is homeschooling her kids. The family also made a bucket list of fun activities they want to accomplish, so each kid can see their dreams come true.
Lemay said her kids are not only making visual memories. They’re also learning important life lessons, like focusing on the positive. “Sometimes they’re tired and there’s frustration. It’s difficult. But with the travel, I want them to be resilient.”
“I want them to know that any situation that’s hard is temporary, because through their life, they’ll need lots of resilience,” she said. “They’re going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later, they’ll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again,” Lemay continued.
Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did.
24. What risk may the children face in the future?
A. They will bump into things.
B. They will be unable to grow up.
C. They may get genetic disorders.
D. They may totally lose their sight.
25. What can we learn from the passage?
A Lemay tried to erase the devastating news.
B. The travel was not easy but helped the kids stay positive.
C. The parents filled their kids’ visual memory through books.
D. The children dropped out of school and were educated at home.
26. Which can best describe Lemay?
A. Affectionate and tough. B. Considerate and committed.
C. Patient and generous. D. Sympathetic and sensitive.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，本文講述了加拿大Edith Lemay的孩子們患了遺傳性疾病，最終可能失去視力，父母帶領(lǐng)他們環(huán)球旅行，想讓他們留下美好的視覺記憶，并學會堅強和樂觀，勇敢面對生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。故事體現(xiàn)了父母對子女的愛。
【24題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision. There’s a chance they will go completely blind by midlife,” said Lemay.( “它的癥狀是，視網(wǎng)膜中的細胞隨著時間的推移而死亡，他們失去視力。他們有可能在中年時完全失明，”Lemay說。)”可知，孩子們患有遺傳性疾病——色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎，未來有可能完全失去視力。故選D。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“They’re also learning important life lessons, like focusing on the positive. ‘Sometimes they’re tired and there’s frustration. It’s difficult. But with the travel, I want them to be resilient.’(他們也學習重要的人生課程，比如關(guān)注積極的一面。“有時候他們很累，很沮喪。這是困難的。但通過旅行，我希望他們成為有適應能力的?！?”可推斷，旅行不容易但是有助于孩子保持積極。故選B.
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory. In March, Lemay, her husband, and her four kids left Canada and embarked on an epic journey, traveling the globe for a whole year—showing their kids the world, before it is too late. ( Lemay想讓她的孩子們?yōu)榧磳⒌絹淼氖虑樽龊脺蕚?，她想要填滿他們的視覺記憶。今年3月，Lemay和她的丈夫以及她的四個孩子離開加拿大，開始了一場史詩般的旅程，用一年的時間環(huán)游世界，趁一切還來得及，讓他們的孩子們看看世界。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段““I want them to know that any situation that’s hard is temporary, because through their life, they’ll need lots of resilience,” she said. “They’re going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later, they’ll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again,” Lemay continued.( 她說:“我想讓他們知道，任何艱難的處境都是暫時的，因為在他們的一生中，他們都需要很強的韌性?！盠emay繼續(xù)說:“他們會用視力來適應一種情況，幾年后，他們會失去大部分視力，他們必須重新適應和適應，跌倒，然后再回來?！?”和最后一段“Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did.( 很多父母都想給孩子整個世界，這位媽媽做到了。)”可推斷，Lemay帶著孩子進行世界旅行，讓孩子們在失去視力前看看世界，留下美好的視覺記憶，想教會孩子們面對失去視力帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，因此推斷她對孩子關(guān)愛，體貼入微且充滿奉獻精神的。故選B。
C
We all know that eating later in the day isn’t good for our waistlines, but why? A new study weighed in on that question by comparing people who ate the same foods—but at different times in the day.
“We found that eating four hours later makes a significant difference for our hunger levels, the way we burn calories after we eat, and the way we store fat,” Vujovi? said, a researcher at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “Together, these changes may explain why late eating is associated with increased obesity risk reported by other studies and provide new biological insight into the underlying mechanisms.” The study provides support for the concept that circadian(生理節(jié)奏) rhythm, which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate, affects how our bodies absorb fuel, researchers said.
The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷爾蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,” said Dr. Bhanu Prakash Kolla, a professor of psychiatry and psychology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and a consultant to Mayo’s Center for Sleep Medicine and Division of Addiction Medicine.
The study was small—only 16 overweight or obese people—but carefully planned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain, the authors said. “While there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates with an increased risk for obesity, this may be the most well controlled, including strictly controlling the amount, composition and timing of meals, physical activity, sleep, room temperature and light exposure,” said senior author Frank Scheer, director of the Medical Chronobiology Program in the Brigham’s Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders. All participants were in good health, with no history of diabetes or shift work, which can affect circadian rhythm, and had regular physical activity. Each person in the study kept to a strict healthy sleep/wake schedule for about three weeks and were provided with prepared meals at fixed times for three days before the lab experiment began.
Results showed that hunger pangs doubled for those on a night-eating regime. People who ate later in the day also reported a desire for starchy and salty foods, meat and, to a lesser extent, a desire for dairy foods and vegetables. By looking at the results of blood tests, researchers were able to see why: Levels of leptin, a hormone which tells us when we feel full, were decreased for late eaters versus early eaters. In comparison, levels of the hormone ghrelin, which spikes our appetite, rose.
27. According to the passage, the following may contribute to the obesity except _________.
A. the breakdown of less fat
B. the changes in gene expression
C. the increase in the levels of leptin
D. the disturbance of the circadian rhythm
28. In Paragraph 4, the writer intends to _________.
A. highlight the results of the study
B. illustrate the process of the study
C. present the purpose of the study
D. demonstrate the reliability of the study
29. What does the underlined word “spike” in Paragraph5 most probably mean?
A. Stimulate. B. Reduce. C. Maintain. D. Control.
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Eating late accounts for obesity.
B. Obesity can be well controlled by eating late.
C. When you eat is irrelevant to how fat you are.
D. Eating late may impact the expression function.
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，吃飯晚會對我們的饑餓程度、進食后燃燒卡路里的方式以及儲存脂肪的方式都有顯著影響。文章講述了晚進食會導致“饑餓感增加，影響荷爾蒙，還會改變基因表達，特別是在脂肪代謝方面，有減少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉積的趨勢。
【27題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The study provides support for the concept that circadian(生理節(jié)奏) rhythm, which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate, affects how our bodies absorb fuel, researchers said.”（研究人員說，這項研究支持了晝夜節(jié)律影響關(guān)鍵生理功能，如體溫和心率，影響我們的身體如何吸收燃料的觀點。）第三段中“The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷爾蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,””（這項研究確實表明，晚進食會導致“饑餓感增加，影響荷爾蒙，還會改變基因表達，特別是在脂肪代謝方面，有減少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉積的趨勢?！保┛芍燥埻頃绊懟虮磉_，減少脂肪分解同時影響晝夜節(jié)律，選項C與文意不符，故選C。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“The study was small—only 16 overweight or obese people—but carefully planned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain, the authors said. “While there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates with an increased risk for obesity, this may be the most well controlled, including strictly controlling the amount, composition and timing of meals, physical activity, sleep, room temperature and light exposure,” ”（研究人員說，這項研究規(guī)模很小，只有16名超重或肥胖的人，但經(jīng)過精心計劃，消除了體重增加的其他潛在原因?！半m然已經(jīng)有其他研究調(diào)查為什么晚進食會增加肥胖的風險，但這可能是控制得最好的，包括嚴格控制進食的數(shù)量、成分和時間、身體活動、睡眠、室溫和光照?！保┛芍@項研究盡管參與人員少，但是經(jīng)過精心設(shè)計，消除了體重增加的其他潛在原因。所以本段的目的在于描述這個研究的可靠性。故選D。
【29題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前“By looking at the results of blood tests, researchers were able to see why: Levels of leptin, a hormone which tells us when we feel full, were decreased for late eaters versus early eaters.”（通過觀察血液測試的結(jié)果，研究人員能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的原因：瘦素，是一種能夠告訴我們什么時候感到飽的荷爾蒙。和早進食者體內(nèi)的瘦素相比，晚進食者瘦素水平有所下降。）“In comparison, levels of the hormone ghrelin”（相比之下，生長激素釋放肽的水平）及后文中“our appetite, rose”（我們的胃口，增加了）可推知，此處指“生長激素釋放肽的水平會增加，促進我們的食欲”，所以劃線詞此處指“刺激，促進”，故選A。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷爾蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,””（這項研究確實表明，晚進食會導致“饑餓感增加，影響荷爾蒙，還會改變基因表達，特別是在脂肪代謝方面，有減少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉積的趨勢?！保┛芍磉M食會改變基因表達，特別是在脂肪代謝方面，有減少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉積的趨勢，可推知，晚進食會導致肥胖。故選A。
D
Automation (自動化) was a hot topic. Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved.
A. J. Hayes, a leader (and no relation to me), wrote in 1964: Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient — and thus more valuable — automation threatens to make them superfluous (過剩的) — and thus without value. The opinions I have cited here represent extreme positions, and there were also many milder views. But I think it’s fair to say that most early students of automation, including both critics and enthusiasts, believed the new technology would lead us into a world where people worked much less.
As for economic consequences, worries about unemployment have certainly not gone away — not with job losses in the current recession approaching 2 million workers in our country alone. But recent job losses are commonly attributed to causes other than automation, such as competition from overseas or a roller-coaster financial system. In any case, the vision of a world where machines do all the work and people stand idly by has simply not come to pass.
The spread of automation outside of the factory has altered its social and economic impact in some curious ways. In many cases, the net effect of automation is not that machines are doing work that people used to do. Instead we’ve dispensed with the people who used to be paid to run the machines, and we’ve learned to run them ourselves. These trends contradict almost all the expectations of early writers on automation, both optimists and pessimists. So far, automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived (剝奪) us of the opportunity to work. Instead, we’re working more than ever.
What about trades closer to my own vital interests? Will science be automated? Technology already has a central role in many areas of research; for example, genome sequences could not be read by traditional lab-bench methods. Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research. And if the scientist is elbowed aside by an automaton, then surely the science writer can’t hold out either. I’m ready for my 15-hour workweek.
31. In Paragraph 1, the writer mainly wants to convey that ________.
A. automation results in unemployment
B. automation does more harm than good
C. the issue of automation was still in discussion
D. automation brings in much convenience in life
32. According to J. Hayes, we can infer _________
A. automation is more valuable than what we imagine
B. automation is a revolutionary force to better development
C. the disadvantages of automation far outweigh the advantages
D. the new technology would lead people into working much less
33. What’s the author’s attitude toward automation on jobs?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral.
34. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. People needn’t work so hard due to automation.
B. Traditional labor force will be replaced in the near future.
C. Automation should be accepted reasonably in development.
D. Automation results in more job losses in the writer’s country.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了人們對于生活中自動化的評價及看法。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved. (幾乎每個人都同意，一旦計算機和其他種類的自動化機器普及，人們的工作量就會減少。對于樂觀主義者來說，這是一種解放的承諾：最終，人類將從不斷的勞動中解放出來，我們都可以把我們的時間投入到更精致的追求中去。但其他人看到了一個威脅：數(shù)百萬人將失去工作，絕望的群眾將漫步街頭。從50年前開始回顧，圍繞自動化的爭論似乎是一個古怪而奇怪的插曲。爭端從未得到解決)”可知，自從自動化產(chǎn)生，人們對于其孰優(yōu)孰劣的爭論一直持續(xù)不斷。由此可知，本段主要想表達的內(nèi)容是自動化的問題仍在討論中。故選C。
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient— and thus more valuable — automation threatens to make them superfluous (過剩的) — and thus without value. (自動化不僅是一種新型的機械化，而且是一種能夠顛覆社會秩序的革命力量。機械化使工人更有效率，因而更有價值，而自動化則使他們變得多余，因而沒有價值)”可推知，根據(jù)J.Hayes的說法，自動化是更好發(fā)展的革命性力量。故選B。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“So far, automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived (剝奪) us of the opportunity to work. Instead, we’re working more than ever. (到目前為止，自動化既沒有把我們從工作的需要中解放出來，也沒有剝奪我們工作的機會。相反，我們比以往任何時候都更加努力)”可推知，作者對自動化對工作的影響持中立的態(tài)度。故選D。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research.(取代科學家可能會比取代實驗室技術(shù)員更難一些，但當一臺機器表現(xiàn)出足夠的好奇心和韌勁時，我認為我們只能歡迎它作為熱情研究的伙伴)”可推知，在發(fā)展中應合理接受自動化。故選C。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
Not every day is going to be great. Not every day is going to be your wedding day, graduation, or birthday. We have our routines; we go to school and meet a lot of the same people. Usually long periods of time in our lives are devoted to doing a specific set of things. The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. ____35____
Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (單調(diào)的) life. ____36____ In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction.
____37____ Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were? Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face? You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments.
Now this is not to say that life shouldn’t be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. ____38____ Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon.
Hence, I urge you to try it. ____39____ Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. Not every day is going to be the best day of your life; but it can still be special.
A. However, casual magic is the road to happiness.
B. To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic.
C. An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature.
D. Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling.
E. Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment.
F. We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic.
G. It is centered around curiosity and focuses the energy on observing and reflecting on the little things.
【答案】35. B 36. E 37. C 38. D 39. F
【解析】
【導語】本文為一篇議論文。生活盡管單調(diào)，也經(jīng)常會給我們壓力，作者建議大家試試休閑魔術(shù)，多多發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中美好的事物，即使面對消極的事情，也能傾聽和檢查任何負面情緒，并從消極的事情中有所得，從而獲得更高的生活滿意度。
【35題詳解】
上一句“The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. (生活的壓力會使我們與周圍環(huán)境脫節(jié)，更容易與我們的需求和情緒失去聯(lián)系。)”，B項“To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic. (為了防止這種情況，請應用休閑魔法的概念。)”，B項中的this，指代上文提及的現(xiàn)象，B項與上文為順接關(guān)系，并引出本文話題casual magic，上下文銜接連貫順暢。故選B項。
36題詳解】
上文“Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (單調(diào)的) life. (從本質(zhì)上講，休閑魔術(shù)是練習在單調(diào)生活中的小時刻看到美的習慣。)”可知，生活盡管很單調(diào)，但休閑魔術(shù)鼓勵人們發(fā)現(xiàn)某些小時刻中存在的美好。下文“In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction. (在一項調(diào)查這對你的情緒有什么影響的研究中，282名參與者被觀察到他們所做的事情的積極影響。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在場并專注于積極的時刻會產(chǎn)生更高的積極影響，并導致更高的生活滿意度。)”可知，在場、關(guān)注積極的時刻對人產(chǎn)生積極影響；E項“Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment. (把你的屏幕放在一邊，在場，給自己一個機會去找到那個特殊的時刻。)”中的find that special moment與上文中的seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane相呼應，下文中的In a study that investigated what this does to your mood中的this指代E項內(nèi)容，同時be present也是復現(xiàn)詞。上下文語意銜接連貫順暢。故選E項。
【37題詳解】
下文“Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were? Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face? You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments. (你有沒有走過一片森林，或者看到屋頂上的陽光，注意到顏色是多么鮮艷？或者你有沒有感覺到微風吹過你的臉？你只需要學習如何珍惜和享受這些時刻。)”可知，此處描述了大自然中的美好；C項“An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature. (練習休閑魔術(shù)的一個充分例子是自然)”，與下文語意一致，故選C項。
【38題詳解】
上文“Now this is not to say that life shouldn’t be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. (這并不是說生活不應該是消極的，我們應該忽略生活中發(fā)生的所有壞事。)”，D項“Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling. (相反，休閑魔術(shù)允許我們傾聽和檢查任何負面情緒。)”，上文與D項為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；下文“Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. (這種情緒可能是一個信號，表明是時候推動變化和成長了。消極的事情應該被認為是學習的機會，不應該被糾纏。)”，下文承接D項，解釋了休閑魔術(shù)對負面情緒的態(tài)度。上下文銜接連貫順暢，故選D項。
【39題詳解】
上一段的最后一句“Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. (消極的事情應該被認為是學習的機會，不應該被糾纏。)”，上文“Hence, I urge you to try it. (因此，我敦促您嘗試一下休閑魔術(shù)。)”可知，休閑魔術(shù)中，我們不必糾結(jié)那些消極的事情；下文“Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. (欣賞一些小事：陽光照在窗簾上，樹葉有多綠，和朋友一起笑的快樂，冰淇淋的味道。)”，休閑魔術(shù)中，我們可以多多關(guān)注美好的小事，F(xiàn)項“We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic. (我們應該從消極的事情中學習，繼續(xù)欣賞休閑魔術(shù)的時刻)”，F(xiàn)項有承上啟下的作用，negative things和appreciating為復現(xiàn)詞，上下文銜接連貫順暢。故選F項。
第三部分 書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
閱讀表達
White sand beaches of the Cocos Islands, which are known as a gorgeous tourist destination surrounded by greenish blue water, have now been filled with plastic wastes.
Jennifer Lavers, a marine scientist, went to these tropical islands with her research team. Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
Not all plastics are to blame. They are necessary in places like hospitals and airplanes, and make our vehicles lighter and more efficient. However, other plastics, especially disposable(一次性的) plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.
Apparently, demand for disposable plastics must be reduced greatly. “Why don’t we carry around bags that we can use over and over again?” asked Richard Gross, a chemist who researches innovative ways to make more sustainable plastics. “Let’s carry around reusable lunch boxes. We should understand how serious the situation is.”
Although it is important for individuals to make an effort to avoid using disposable plastics, it is also generally believed that only with international rules can such a deep-rooted, common, and worldwide scourge(災害) be tackled.
However, the U. N., which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn’t paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. As a result, billions of plastic products will still be produced every year, many of which will end up in the ocean.
It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles(欄架) are, something has to be done.
40. What did Jennifer Lavers and her research team find?
_________________________________________________________________
41. What kinds of plastics lead to the increasing wastes on the beaches?
_________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.
_________________________________________________________________
43. As a student, what will you do to reduce white pollution?
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. They found the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
41. Disposable plastics.
42. Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action. Because the U.N. don’t pay enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution.
43. As a students, I will try our best to reduce the use of disposable plastic bags, make publicity and appeal to people to reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment.
【解析】
【導語】本文是說明文。文章通過介紹科科斯群島的塑料污染問題，表達了對環(huán)境問題的擔憂，呼吁各方采取國際合作，制定國際規(guī)則來解決這一普遍的、全球性的災難。
【40題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.（了解到很多海灘被塑料廢物污染，研究小組在海岸上進行了仔細的檢查，只發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類留下的垃圾產(chǎn)生的問題比預期更為嚴重。）”可知，Jennifer和她的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)在科科斯群島上人類留下的垃圾造成的問題比預期更為嚴重。故答案為They found the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
【41題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的“However, other plastics, especially disposable(一次性的) plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.(然而，其他塑料，尤其是一次性塑料，造成了海灘上越來越多的混亂。世界各地的島嶼都塞滿了塑料?？瓶扑谷簫u也不例外。)”可知，一次性塑料導致了沙灘上的垃圾越來越多。故答案為Disposable plastics.
【42題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段第一句However, the U.N., which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn't paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. （然而，致力于應對日益加劇的氣候變化和公共衛(wèi)生危機的聯(lián)合國，顯然沒有足夠重視呼吁對塑料污染采取國際行動。）可知，聯(lián)合國對塑料污染的態(tài)度是沒有給予足夠的關(guān)心。故劃線句Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.的錯誤是the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.，因為聯(lián)合國沒有給予足夠關(guān)注呼吁國際行動。故答案為Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.，Because the U.N. don’t pay enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution.
【43題詳解】
主觀題。本文是開放式試題，答案不唯一。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles(欄架) are, something has to be done.(在現(xiàn)代社會，控制塑料污染需要盡最大的努力。無論障礙有多大，都必須有所作為。)”，作為學生應該盡自己的努力減少塑料污染，保護地球，參考答案：As a students, I will try our best to reduce the use of disposable plastic bags, make publicity and appeal to people to reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment.
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學高三學生李華，你的英國筆友Jim來郵件詢問你的居家學習和生活情況。請你給他回一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 充實的學習活動
2. 豐富的課余生活
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It's my pleasure to tell you something about my learning activities in the quarantine period.
Because of the COVID-2019, our school arranged for us to study online. Online learning is not boring but interesting, which is about what we will learn at school. What's more, I also made a learning plan that is suitable for myself. It's beneficial for me to make full use of time.
As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community to keep fit. Helping my parents with house chores is also my daily routine, which includes mopping the floor, washing dishes and so on.
You're welcome to send e-mails if you have any questions.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導語】本篇書面表達屬于應用文。要求考生給英國筆友Jim寫一封郵件，介紹居家學習和生活將框。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
無聊的：boring →dull
此外：what’s more →besides
關(guān)于：as for→ with regard to
保持健康：keep fit →keep healthy
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community to keep fit.
拓展句：As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community in order that I can keep fit.
【點睛】【高分句型1】Online learning is not boring but interesting, which is about what we will learn at school.（運用了which引導的非限制性定語從句和what引導的賓語從句）
【高分句型2】Helping my parents with house chores is also my daily routine, which includes mopping the floor, washing dishes and so on.（運用了動名詞短語作主語和which引導的非限制性定語從句）


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