選擇性必修第三冊 Unit 5 Learning frm nature
A組·基礎鞏固
Ⅰ. 語法填空
A
Sun Bear
Thugh small, they can be very aggressive, s if yu see ne, dn't mistake it 1. ________ a sft lvely teddy bear！The sun bear lives in trees, 2. ________ yu'll need t keep yur eyes n the tree if yu want t see ne and yu can nly see them in the rainfrests in Sutheast Asia.
They are essential t ur ecsystem because they help spread seeds while als keeping disgusted termites (白蟻) under cntrl, which means there is less 3. ________ (destruct) f ur trpical trees, which in turn 4. ________ (mean) ur atmsphere is clean enugh fr us t live 5. ________ (healthy)．
When they d cme dwn frm the trees, they als dig fr invertebrates (無脊椎動物) in the sil, 6. ________ (imprve) the frest's nutrient cycle by mixing the rich and pr sil. Unfrtunately, their glbal ppulatin 7. ________ (decline) 30% ver the last few years, making them the secnd 8. ________ (rare) bear species next t the giant panda.
Their tngues are up t 25cm in 9. ________ (lng) and help them t satisfy their greedy appetite fr hney, 10. ________ smetimes makes them knwn as “hney bears”. Yu can tell the Sun Bear apart frm ther bear species frm the hrseshe marks n their chest. N tw markings are the same!
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太陽熊的相關信息。
1. fr 考查固定搭配。mistake... fr... 是固定短語，意為“把……錯認為，把……誤當作”。故填fr。
2. s 考查連詞。太陽熊生活在樹上，所以如果你想看它，你就得盯著樹看。根據(jù)語境可知，空格前后之間是因果關系，所以用連詞s。故填s。
3. destructin 考查詞性轉換。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞“l(fā)ess”可知，此處應用名詞形式。故填destructin。
4. means 考查主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，此處是一個which引導的非限制性定語從句，是一個整體，又根據(jù)前文“which means”可知，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故填means。
5. healthily 考查副詞。此處應用副詞修飾動詞live。故填healthily。
6. imprving 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，該句的謂語動詞是“dig”，所以此處應用非謂語動詞；再根據(jù)句意可知，此處應用現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語，表示自然而然的結果。故填imprving。
7. has declined 考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的時間狀語“ver the last few years”可知，此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時；再由主語“their glbal ppulatin”表示單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填has declined。
8. rarest 考查形容詞的最高級。根據(jù)空格前的“the secnd”可知，此處應用形容詞的最高級。故填rarest。
9. length 考查固定用法。in length是固定用法，意為“在長度上”。故填length。
10. which 考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子可知，此處是一個非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的整個部分，關系詞在從句中作主語所以用which引導該從句。故填which。
B
We recgnise ur friends' faces. And we are nt alne. Many scial animals can als identify individuals f their wn species by their facial 1. ________ (feature), because they need t adjust their behaviur 2. ________ (depend) n wh they meet. And a research has shwn that sme dmesticated (馴養(yǎng)的) animals can even distinguish amng different faces in phtgraphs.
Researchers first 3. ________ (teach) hrses t “chse” between tw side-by-side images n a cmputer screen. Then the hrses that were shwn phts f their keeper alngside faces f 4. ________ (familiar) humans ignred the strangers' faces, identifying 5. ________ (crrect) their keeper abut 75% f the time. What's mre, the hrses als preferentially picked phts f their previus keeper. And they 6. ________ (be) at least as accurate in picking ut their previus keeper 7. ________ they were at identifying their current ne.
In additin, hrses seem t have 8. ________ strng lng-term memry fr human faces, cnsistent with their lng lifespan and histry f dmesticatin. In future experiments, the researchers may test whether lking at phts f peple that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause hrses 9. ________ (act) anxiusly. S maybe think twice befre ding anything 10. ________ might give a hrse a lng face.
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了許多群居動物可以通過面部特征來識別自己的物種，一些馴養(yǎng)的動物甚至可以分辨照片中不同的面孔。
1. features 考查名詞的單復數(shù)。形容詞性物主代詞their指代主語Many scial animals，其后接復數(shù)名詞。故填features。
2. depending 考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句已有謂語need且無連詞，此空應用非謂語形式，主語they和動詞depend是邏輯上的主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動。故填depending。
3. taught 考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處缺乏謂語動詞，由全文語境可知，此研究發(fā)生在過去，句子應用一般過去時。故填taught。
4. unfamiliar 考查形容詞。此處指“不熟悉的”，故填unfamiliar。
5. crrectly 考查副詞。此處修飾動詞identify，應用副詞形式。故填crrectly。
6. were 考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。此句包含as＋adj.＋as結構，前后語法結構一致，as后面句子“they were at identifying their current ne”用一般過去時，此處也應用一般過去時，主語they是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用were。故填were。
7. as 考查固定搭配。固定搭配as＋adj.＋as，意為“……和……一樣”。故填as。
8. a 考查冠詞。此處泛指“一段很強的長期記憶”，strng以輔音音素開頭，應用不定冠詞a。故填a。
9. t act 考查固定用法。cause sb./sth. t d (sth.)是固定用法，意為“導致某人/物做某事”。故填t act。
10. that 考查定語從句的關系詞。此處是限制性定語從句，先行詞anything，指物，是不定代詞，在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞that引導。故填that。
Ⅱ. 根據(jù)提示補全句子
1. 第一次在大眾面前演講感到緊張是很自然的。(it作形式主語)
It is natural t feel nervus when yu give a speech in public fr the first time.
2. 當在舞臺上模仿查理·卓別林時， 他自己情不自禁地笑了。(while ding...)
While mimicing/imitating Charlie Chaplin n the stage, he himself culdn't help laughing.
3. 我吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對這個活動很感興趣。(find＋賓語＋賓補)
I was surprised t find myself interested in the activity．
4. 早睡覺被認為是一種好習慣。(動名詞短語作主語)
Ging t bed early is cnsidered t be a gd habit.
B組·能力提升
Ⅰ. 閱讀理解
In a majr medical breakthrugh, Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the wrld's first 3D vascularised (血管化的) engineered heart using a patient's wn cells and bilgical materials. Their findings were published n April 15 in a study in Advanced Science.
“This is the first time anyne anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart，” says Prf. Tal Dvir f Department f Materials Science and Engineering, wh led the research fr the study. “This heart is made frm human cells and patient-specific bilgical materials. In ur prcess, these materials serve as the biinks, smething made f sugars and prteins that can be used fr 3D printing f cmplex tissue mdels，” Prf. Dvir says. “Peple managed t 3D print the structure f a heart in the past, but nt with cells r with bld vessels (血管). Our results demnstrate the ptential f ur apprach fr engineering persnalised tissue and rgan replacement in the future.”
Accrding t Prf. Dvir，the use f “native” patient-specific materials is imprtant t successfully engineering tissues and rgans.
The researchers are nw planning n culturing the printed hearts in the lab and “teaching them t behave” like hearts, Prf. Dvir says. They then plan t transplant the 3D-printed heart in animal mdels.
“We need t develp the printed heart further，” he cncludes. “The cells need t frm a pumping ability; they can currently cntract (收縮)，but we need them t wrk tgether. Our hpe is that we will succeed and prve ur methd's efficacy (功效)and usefulness. Maybe, in ten years, there will be rgan printers in the finest hspitals arund the wrld，and these prcedures will be cnducted rutinely.”
1. What des Prf. Dvir think f an early 3D-printed heart?
A. It was highly practical.
B. It was t expensive.
C. It was persnalised.
D. It was t simple.
2. What d we knw abut the latest 3D-printed heart?
A. It can be cultured in the lab.
B. It can match a patient perfectly.
C. It has been transplanted in animals.
D. It has been widely used in hspitals.
3. What is Prf. Dvir's attitude t the develpment f the printed heart?
A. Ambiguus. B. Psitive. C. Disapprving. D. Cautius.
4. What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A. T explain the basic principle f 3D technlgy.
B. T intrduce a breakthrugh f medical research.
C. T dubt the medical value f a new inventin.
D. T prve the effectiveness f the new technlgy.
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員成功研制出了世界上第一顆有血管的3D打印心臟。
1. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Peple managed t 3D print the structure f a heart in the past, but nt with cells r with bld vessels (血管)．”可知，早期的3D打印心臟沒有細胞和血管，由此可知，Prf. Dvir認為早期的3D打印心臟過于簡單，故D項正確。
2. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The researchers are nw planning n culturing the printed hearts in the lab”可知，研究人員目前正計劃在實驗室中培育這些打印心臟，由此可知，最新的3D打印心臟可以在實驗室中培育，故A項正確。
3. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Maybe, in ten years, there will be rgan printers in the finest hspitals arund the wrld，and these prcedures will be cnducted rutinely.”可知，Prf. Dvir對3D打印心臟的發(fā)展持積極態(tài)度，故B項正確。
4. B 寫作意圖題。通讀全文，特別是第一段中的“In a majr medical breakthrugh, Tel Aviv University researchers have ‘printed’ the wrld's first 3D vascularised (血管化的) engineered heart”可知，本文介紹的是研究人員成功打印出了世界上第一顆有血管的3D打印心臟，這是醫(yī)學上的重大突破，作者寫這篇文章就是為了介紹這一重大醫(yī)學突破，故B項正確。
Ⅱ. 閱讀七選五
Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecsystems. In additin t visitrs frm the wild, a large number f species share ur urban areas. As ur cities spread, we need t think abut what it is like fr ther species t have human neighburs.
Cities are built fr humans. 1 Fr example, mst city parks are kept neat and tidy s that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass r plant flwers, we destry natural habitats.
2 When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps (縫隙) running alng the length f its bttm. This made a gd hme fr bats (蝙蝠), and sn the bridge was the hme f thusands f bats. 3 Nw, they have cme t value their winged neighburs. The bats are a turist attractin, and they eat lts f bugs (蟲子) every night.
There are als structures built with the aim f bringing wildlife int the city. The Beijing Olympic Frest Park is a gd example. The park used native plants and created pen, natural spaces fr wildlife. The result is a zne in Beijing with ver 160 species f birds. In many ways, the park is the ppsite f a z. 4
If we learn t share ur space, we can becme better neighburs t the wildlife arund us. 5 Our wn future will be endangered t.
A. They are built t prtect birds.
B. Our actins smetimes help ther species.
C. If we d nt, mre species will becme extinct.
D. They d nt always prvide suitable habitats fr wildlife.
E. Instead f being kept in cages, wildlife can mve abut freely.
F. At first, peple were afraid f the bats and tried t get rid f them.
G. They wuld sit n it and their drppings wuld fall int the water.
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了作者關于人類城市與野生動物關系的思考。
1. D 空格前說“Cities are built fr humans”，空格后的“Fr example”舉例可知，城市并不總是為野生動物提供住所，故選D。
2. B 此處設空在段首，考慮到段首句的作用，往往為主題句；由后面細節(jié)句提供的內(nèi)容可知，我們?nèi)祟惖男袨橛袝r是可以幫助到野生動物的，故選B。
3. F 根據(jù)空后句的時間標志詞可以判斷空處所填句子與后文內(nèi)容存在敘述和時間節(jié)點的對照關系，故選F。
4. E 根據(jù)空格位置關系可知，其填寫內(nèi)容一定與空前句存在話題一致、內(nèi)容承接的關系，故選E。
5. C 上文談及人類如果能夠與野生動物共享城市空間的好處，而空格后句子所涉及內(nèi)容與空前句形成比照關系，以及空后句的標志詞“t”，可確定答案選C。

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