(新高考)高考英語一輪復(fù)習教案必修一 Unit 4 Natural disasters Grammar(含答案)

這是一份(新高考)高考英語一輪復(fù)習教案必修一 Unit 4 Natural disasters Grammar(含答案)，共5頁。教案主要包含了關(guān)系代詞的基本用法，用that不用which的情況，用which不用that的情況，使用定語從句的注意事項等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
Unit 4　Natural disasters Grammar——定語從句語 境 自 主 領(lǐng) 悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1. There were deep cracks that/ which appeared in the well walls.2.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.3.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.4.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.5.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.7.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town of Wenchuan have won praise.8.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.1.第2、3、4句中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞who，在定語從句中作主語。2.第1、8句中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞which/ that，在定語從句中作主語。3.第6句中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞whom，在定語從句中作賓語。關(guān)系代詞who/whom常用來指代人；關(guān)系代詞that/which常用來指代物；關(guān)系代詞that既可以指人也可以指物。4.第5、7句中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞whose，在定語從句中作定語，它既可以指人也可以指物。who(whom)，which，that，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞、代詞或整個主句的從句叫作定語從句。從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，連接先行詞和定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞的主要作用是連接主句和從句，同時指代先行詞，并在從句中充當一定的句子成分。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種，關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose等；關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why。 一、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1．who指人，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.正在和我父親說話的那個人是個教師。The girl (who) I met yesterday was his sister.我昨天見到的那個女孩是他的妹妹。2．whom指人，在從句中作賓語，?？墒÷裕荒茏髦髡Z。The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老師經(jīng)常表揚的那個男孩是他們的班長。注意：(1)關(guān)系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who來代替。The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was John's brother.昨天我們看到的那個男孩是約翰的哥哥。(2)在從句中作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后時，用whom，不用who。He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我們大家都愿意學習的人。[即時演練1]用關(guān)系代詞填空①Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?②Those who want to see the film set down your names，please.③This is the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son.3．which只指物，不指人，可作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一個有2 000年歷史的城市。The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) he had lost on the train.那個年輕人找回了在火車上丟失的金戒指，非常高興。4．whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名詞，與先行詞構(gòu)成從屬關(guān)系，在從句中作定語。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.這就是那位聞名全國的科學家。Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.沒有人想要這個屋頂已坍塌的房子。5．that指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。The woman(that)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在報紙上讀過那位婦女的相關(guān)報道，她剛剛奪得一枚金牌。The report(that)Mr.Turner handed in was about the motor race.特納先生遞交的報告是關(guān)于摩托車比賽的。[即時演練2]用關(guān)系代詞填空①Look，here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.②Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.二、用that不用which的情況1．當先行詞為all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代詞或先行詞被這些詞修飾時。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。2．當先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.這是我吃過的最美味的食品。3．當先行詞被the only，the very，the last修飾時。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一感興趣的事。4．當先行詞既指人，又指物時。She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她感興趣的人和物都拍攝了下來。5．當主語是以who或which開頭的疑問句時，為避免重復(fù)而用that。Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在門口的那個人是誰？6．當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不是過去那個樣子了。[即時演練3]完成句子①這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.②我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.③我已找到昨天丟的鋼筆。I have found the pen that I lost yesterday.三、用which不用that的情況1．在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時。This is the room in which he lives.這是他住的房間。2．引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。Tom came back，which made us very happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。3．在限制性定語從句中，如果有兩個定語從句，其中前一句的關(guān)系代詞是that，那么后一句的關(guān)系代詞就要用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.讓我給你看這本新開的圖書館里借來的小說。[即時演練4]用關(guān)系代詞填空①The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.②Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl?四、使用定語從句的注意事項1．關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。“one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the only one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.這是查理斯·狄更斯所寫的書中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我們班里唯一一個學過法語的男孩。注意：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，往往代表前面所說的整個情況。這時which被看作單數(shù)，其后的謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。He said he was a Frenchman，which was not true.他說他是一個法國人，這不是真的。2．為避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù)，被關(guān)系代詞所代替的成分不可在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)這就是我們上星期天參觀過的工廠。3．關(guān)系代詞的省略。(1)關(guān)系代詞作主語時不能省略。(2)作動詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞，可以省略；作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞，如果不直接位于介詞后，可省略，如果直接作介詞的賓語，不能省略。(3)關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中不能省略。[即時演練5]單句語法填空①All things that can be done has (have) been done.②The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies hard.③He is one of the students who know Spanish.Ⅰ.用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1．The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.2．The most interesting book that I have ever read is Othello.3．Do you know the lady whom/who our English teacher is talking with under the big tree?4．They talked about their classmates and things that they still remember in middle school.5．The most important thing that we should consider is the first idea that he has mentioned in his speech.6．My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.7．Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which/不填 we visited three months ago?8．Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who don't.9．This is the building whose windows were all painted green.10．That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.Ⅱ.完成句子(使用定語從句)1．This girl is familiar to me；maybe she is the girl (who/whom/that) I met in the street (我在大街上見到的)yesterday.2．This is the plan for the holidays that was suggested by his brother(由他哥哥建議的)．3．Those who bring us happiness (帶給我們快樂的)should be loved.4．This is one of the most interesting films that were shown last  week(上周放映的)．5．She thought highly of the way (that/in which)we treated the  difficulty(我們對待困難)．6．I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help(沒有他的幫助)I would never have got this far.