
分析近五年杭州中考真題可知,形容詞、副詞的考查頻率高、涉及題型多。在完形填空中一般會考查3題形容詞、副詞詞義辨析;在語法填空中,主要考查動(dòng)詞派生形容詞,形容詞派生副詞等形式,或者考查其比較級或最高級,一般情況下都需要變形;在單詞拼寫中,主要考查形容詞和副詞的拼寫。
近五年常考形容詞如下:
【中考要求】1.理解形容詞和副詞的基本用法。2.正確使用常見的疑問副詞when,where,hw和why。3.記住常用形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級形式。4.正確使用形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級。
形容詞的位置形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況中后置:
注意:1.有些形容詞只能作定語。如:little(小的),nly(唯一的),wden(木質(zhì)的),elder(年長的),wlen(羊毛質(zhì)的)等及復(fù)合形容詞man-made(人造的),kind-hearted(好心的),English-speaking(說英語的),take-away(可以帶走的)等。2.有些形容詞只能作表語。如:alne(孤獨(dú)的),asleep(睡著的),awake(醒著的),alive(活著的),well(健康的),ill(病的),frightened(害怕的)等。
3.有些形容詞貌似副詞。如:friendly(友好的),lively(生動(dòng)的),lnely(孤獨(dú)的)等。4.有些形容詞與定冠詞the連用,表示一類人或物。如:We shuld respect the ld and lve the yung.我們應(yīng)該尊老愛幼。It's nt plite t laugh at the blind r the deaf.取笑盲人或聾人是不禮貌的。5.多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí),通常按“外觀(評價(jià))大小(長短、高低、形狀等)年齡/新舊顏色國籍(地區(qū)、出處等)材料”的順序排列。如:a beautiful tall building一棟漂亮而高大的建筑物a large yellw Chinese cat一件黃色的中式大衣
1.(2021阜新改編)Nthing is i___________ if yu put yur heart int it.2.(2021威海改編)Zngzi is the t__________ fd fr the Dragn Bat Festival.3.(2021常州改編)Zhang Jing is thught highly because f her p________ translatin.4.(2021吉林改編)The Changjiang River is abut 6,300 kilmeters l_____.5.(2020貴港)On such a ht day, I am tired and t______. Please give me sme water.
考點(diǎn)2:副詞A)副詞的構(gòu)成:
6.Seeing a bird resting by the windw, the by mved ________(quiet/quietly) t have a lk at ne f yur friends sends yu a message t brrw mney n the Internet, yu'd better phne him _________(direct/directly) first t make sure f that.8.—China has frmed a deep friendship with ther cuntries arund the wrld.—It's true. We are wrking ________(clsely/clse) tgether in many fields.
hardly,prperly,always,clearly9.In rder t send the medicine t the hspital as sn as pssible, the drivers _______ stpped t eat r rest during the can bravely tell thers what yu think if yu have different ideas. But —________ remember t chse the prper shuld realize that everyne has his wn habits, s we must treat thers map is a kind f reading methd. It means yu draw a picture abut the article yu have read and it can express the ideas ________.
考點(diǎn)3:比較等級在做比較等級的題時(shí),要遵循以下步驟:1.讀懂句意,明確空格處所缺內(nèi)容的詞義,熟悉題干語境;2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),尋找題干是否有比較等級的標(biāo)志詞(如:than/in/f...)或固定結(jié)構(gòu)(如:ne f...,等),確定使用比較級還是最高級;3.對于不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞,根據(jù)所學(xué)知識慎重選擇。
A)比較等級的變化規(guī)則◆規(guī)則變化
注意:1.new,few,slw,clean等詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,且發(fā)的是長元音,不用雙寫。2.以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述規(guī)則。如:unhappy—unhappier—unhappiest,untidy—untidier—untidiest
B)比較等級的常考句型
注意:1.修飾形容詞和副詞原級的詞(組)有:really,very,s,t,quite,a little,rather,pretty等。2.修飾形容詞、副詞比較級的詞(組)有:much,far,a lt,a little,a bit,even,any等。3.比較級+than+any ther+名詞(單數(shù))(比較對象屬同一個(gè)范圍)比較級+than+any+名詞(單數(shù))(比較對象不屬于同一個(gè)范圍)如:China is larger than any ther cuntry in Asia.中國比任何亞洲國家都大。Shanghai is larger than any city in Shandng.上海比山東任何一個(gè)城市都大。
【歸納】 判定比較等級的方法 (1)當(dāng)句子中有than時(shí),通常要用比較級?! ?2)比較級也有可能設(shè)置在一定的特殊句型中,可結(jié)合特殊句型的知識點(diǎn)進(jìn)行記憶。 (3)當(dāng)句中沒有任何提示而選項(xiàng)為不同等級時(shí),首先要根據(jù)句意來判斷,同時(shí)注意一些修飾比較級的常用詞,如句子中有表示程度的副詞,如:a little 少許,少量;a bit 稍微,有點(diǎn)兒;a lt 很,非常;much 十分,非常;even 甚至;still 還,仍然;far 遠(yuǎn)的,遙遠(yuǎn)的;rather 相當(dāng);any 任何一個(gè)(或一些)等修飾時(shí),用形容詞比較級?! ?4)三者或三者以上進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用最高級。這類句子中一般有表示范圍的詞f或in短語。
13.Bb is _________(yung) than Fred but _______(tall) than Tian is nt as _____(tall) as Yng all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming lks ______ (fat) than befre the is _________ (heavy) , a hen r a chicken?17.—Hw _____ (tall) is Sally?—She's 1.55 meters _____ (tall). What abut Xia Ling? She's nly 1.40 meters _____(tall). She is much ________(shrt) than Sally. She is als the ______________ (shrt) girl in the class.
the shrtest
18.He is _____at learning math. He is much _______at Chinese and he is __________ at English.(bad)19.Annie says Sally is the _________(kind) persn in the is ne f __________________(friendly) peple in the class, I think.21.A dictinary is much _________________(expensive) than a range is a little _______(big) than an apple, but much _________ (small) than a Yangtze River is ___________(lng) river in China.
the mst friendly
mre expensive
24.Sue is a little ____________________(beautiful) than her rm is nt as ______ (big) as my brther's.26.—Hw difficult is physics? —I'm nt sure. —Is it ________________(difficult) than math?—I dn't think plays the pian very _____. Sue plays it ________than Annie. And Sally plays it __________.(well)
mre beautiful
mre difficult
28.Saturday is my _______(busy) day in a mther is getting _______and ________.(fat)30.I think it's t expensive. I'd like a _________(cheap) cmes t schl much _________(early) than bk is nt as ___________(interesting) as that classrm is _______(wide) and _________(bright) than as _______(much) as yu _______(much), the _______(gd).
interesting
36.Nwadays English is _________________(imprtant) than any ther subject, I f the students think a lin is much _________________ than a bear and it is _____________________ animal in the wrld.(dangerus)
mre imprtant
mre dangerus
the mst dangerus
專題二 用形容詞、副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空答題步驟與技巧
技巧一:如何判斷空處應(yīng)填形容詞還是副詞:◆填形容詞的情況:1.位于系動(dòng)詞后,作表語。如:The dish yu made lks s nice.你做的菜看起來很棒。2.位于名詞前,作定語。如:Our clurful middle schl life is cming t an end.我們多姿多彩的初中生活即將結(jié)束。3.位于復(fù)合不定代詞之后,作定語,修飾復(fù)合不定代詞。如:There must be smething interesting in his new mvie.他的新電影里一定還有一些有趣的東西。
4.位于賓語之后,作賓語補(bǔ)足語,常與make,leave,keep等動(dòng)詞連用。如:Please keep the schl clean and tidy.請保持校園干凈整潔。5.在結(jié)構(gòu)中,且空前有系動(dòng)詞。如:I am as tall as yu.我和你一樣高?!籼罡痹~的情況:1.修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞。如:She put the glass dwn carefully.她小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。
2.位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前或be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,修飾整個(gè)句子。如:She usually ges t schl by bus.她通常乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。3.位于句首,作狀語,修飾整個(gè)句子。如:Recently,I have been very busy.我最近很忙。4.在結(jié)構(gòu)中,且謂語動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如:I can run as fast as yu.我可以和你跑得一樣快。
技巧二:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)語境和句中所缺的成分來判斷形容詞該做哪種變形。具體可參考以下方法:◆形容詞 名詞判斷方式:(1)冠詞a/an/the+名詞。如:The Terractta Warrirs and Hrses is a wnder f the wrld.(2)用于名詞修飾名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:fd safety(3)形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如:her shyness,gd health(4)介詞+名詞。如:in danger(5)位于句首作主語,如:Wealth is less imprtant than many things.
變化規(guī)則:(1)adj. +-ness或變y為i+-ness:dark darkness happy happinessill illness kind kindness(2)adj. 變t為ce:different difference imprtant imprtance(3)adj. +-ity/-y或去e+-ity:active activity difficult difficulty
(4)adj. +-er/-rfreign freigner strange stranger(5)其他:true truth high heightfree freedm medical medicinedead death
◆形容詞副詞判斷方式:(1)動(dòng)詞+副詞或副詞+動(dòng)詞。如:He quickly laid ut her favurite fruits.(2)句子+副詞或副詞+句子。如:Luckily,he passed the exam.(3)副詞+形容詞,如:Everyne is gd at smething,but sme peple are truly talented.變化規(guī)則:見本書P141。
【注意】有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而非副詞。如:lvely, lively, friendly, lnely?!粜稳菰~ 比較等級(1)填比較級①標(biāo)志詞than, much, even, far等修飾。如:He ran much faster than me. ②the+比較級, the+比較級。如:The mre trees yu plant, the better the envirnment will be. ③比較級+and/r+比較級。如:better and better④根據(jù)上下文語境判斷。
(2)填最高級①含比較范圍in ur city, in China, in the wrld, f all等。如:She is the thinnest f all girls. ②ne f +the+最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如:English is ne f the mst imprtant subjects. ③the+序數(shù)詞+最高級。如:Amng the fur seas ff the cast f China, the East China Sea is the secnd deepest. ④根據(jù)上下文語境判斷?!尽氨容^等級的變化規(guī)則”詳見P142“考點(diǎn)3 比較等級”中相關(guān)講解】
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